Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
On-Board Ammonia Generation Using Delphi Diesel Fuel Reformer
Mark Hemingway, Dr. Joachim Kupe, Joseph Bonadies, Mike Seino, Dr. John Kirwan, – Delphi Powertrain
DEER, August 13-16, 2007
Delphi On-Board Ammonia Generation (OAG) Based Exhaust Aftertreatment System
Air Reformate
Fuel LNT (Generates Ammonia)
Exhaust Selective Catalytic DPF Valve Reduction Catalyst
(SCR)
2DEER 2007
Bypass
V2
LNT
V1
Reformer
SCR
Bypass
V2
LNT
V1
SCR
Reformer
• NOx storage • NOx is stored on the LNT
• Breakthough NOx is converted by the SCR
• Regeneration • Exhaust gas is bypassed around the LNT
• Reformat is injected into the LNT
• Stored NOx in the LNT is converted to NH3
• NOx in the exhaust is reduced by the SCR
Delphi OAG Operating Principle
• 2-way Valves
• When valve 1 is open, valve 2 is closed; when valve 2 is open, valve 1 is closed
• Reformat is injected with valve 1 closed
3DEER 2007
Delphi DFR Dynamometer Site
• 3 Emission Sampling System: Engine, intermediate, Tailpipe – HC, CO, NOx, O2, CO2 – Tail Pipe N2O
• DC Dynamometer – Steady States (13 Mode) – Dynamic (FTP)
4DEER 2007
Delphi OAG Standardized Testing
• Test Cell – ’06 6.6L Duramax Engine – 3 Sample Benches: EO, Int, TP – No heat exchanger – DC Dyn. capable of standardized schedules
• Hardware – 14L LNT catalyst – 15L SCR catalyst – 3.5” dia. exhaust – Delphi Diesel Fuel Reformer (DFR) providing reformate
• Test Schedules – Steady State
» ESC» Not To Exceed (NTE)» WHSC
– Transient» WHTC » FTP-HDD
5DEER 2007
Results Reported at 2006 DEER Conference, ESC 13 Mode
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Effic
ienc
y (%
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Mode#
6DEER 2007
Test Procedures
• Static Cycles – Conducted with “manual” control of divert valve and reformate flow. – ESC – Not To Exceed 1 & 2 (NTE1, NTE2)– WHSC
• Transient Cycles – Required automated valve and reformat controls.– WHTC
– FTP-HDD
• When cold starting, reformate is combusted to heat LNT so as to start adsorption of NOx much earlier into the test.
7DEER 2007
Static Test Results
ESC Mode Test Results
Idle 1 A100-2 B50-3 B75-4 A50-5 A75-6 A25-7 B100-8 B25-9 C100- C25-11 C75-12 C50-13 10
Mode
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NO
x C
onve
rsio
n E
ffici
ency
(%)
LNT LNT+SCR
9DEER 2007
Composite ESC, NTE, and WHSC, Test Results
ESC NTE1 NTE2 WHSC
87
71 82
77
6
14
6 11
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NO
x C
onve
rsio
n Ef
ficie
ncy
(%)
SCR LNT
10DEER 2007
Transient Test Results
Catalyst Temperatures WHTC & FTP with Refomate Combustion LNT Heating
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
500
450
400
350
300
Decreased Light-off time by 170 seconds
FTP ｰC 250 WHTC ｰC
WHTC_No ｰC 200
150
100
50
0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Time (sec)
12DEER 2007
Transient Test NOx Raw Conversion Efficiency
Transient Test Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
NO
x C
onve
rsio
n (%
)
LNT LNT&SCR
FTP_Cold FTP_Hot WHTC_Cold WHTC_Hot
Test
13DEER 2007
Summary
• The OAG system showed high NOx conversion over both static and transient test conditions – Testing at Static Cycles ranged 88-92% NOx conversion – Testing at Transient Cycles ranged 72-80% NOx conversion
• Reformate can be combusted to decrease the time required for catalysts to reach operating temperatures
14DEER 2007
Conclusions
• The Delphi OAG system showed high NOx conversion over a wide range of temperatures and flows
• The Delphi OAG system does not require any additional reductant such as urea.
• The Delphi reformer can be used to enhance exhaust temperature management
• Aftertreatment is decoupled from engine management, offering a high degree of operating flexibility.
• Since the Delphi OAG system does not require engine control modification, system it is applicable to retro-fit applications as well as OEM
• The Delphi OAG system can also be used to regenerate a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) in a controlled manner so as to enable low cost cordierite use.
15DEER 2007
Delphi On-Board Ammonia Generation System
• Thank you for your attention
16DEER 2007
