om_usm 25 en

Krautkramer USM 25 Issue 07, 07/2003 0-1

Contents

1 Introduction ....................................... 1-11.1 Safety information ................................... 1-2

Batteries .................................................... 1-3Software .................................................... 1-3Defects/errors and exceptional stresses .... 1-3

1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing ..................................... 1-4Preconditions for testing withultrasonic test equipment ........................... 1-4Operator training ........................................ 1-4Technical test requirements ....................... 1-5Limits of testing ......................................... 1-5Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ..... 1-5Effect of the test objects material ............. 1-6Effect of temperature variations ................. 1-6Measurement of remaining wall thickness .. 1-6Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws .................... 1-7Flaw boundary method ............................... 1-7Echo display comparison method .............. 1-7

1.3 The USM 25 family ................................... 1-9The different instrument versions ............... 1-9Special features ........................................1-10

1.4 How to use this manual ..........................1-11For a quick grasp of theoperating manual ......................................1-11

1.5 Layout and presentationin this manual ......................................... 1-12Attention and Note symbols ......................1-12Listings .....................................................1-12Operating steps ........................................1-12

2 Standard package andaccessories........................................ 2-12.1 Standard package .................................... 2-3

2.2 Recommended accessories .................... 2-5


Contents

1 Introduction ....................................... 1-11.1 Safety information ................................... 1-2

Batteries .................................................... 1-3Software .................................................... 1-3Defects/errors and exceptional stresses .... 1-3

1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing ..................................... 1-4Preconditions for testing withultrasonic test equipment ........................... 1-4Operator training ........................................ 1-4Technical test requirements ....................... 1-5Limits of testing ......................................... 1-5Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ..... 1-5Effect of the test objects material ............. 1-6Effect of temperature variations ................. 1-6Measurement of remaining wall thickness .. 1-6Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws .................... 1-7Flaw boundary method ............................... 1-7Echo display comparison method .............. 1-7

1.3 The USM 25 family ................................... 1-9The different instrument versions ............... 1-9Special features ........................................1-10

1.4 How to use this manual ..........................1-11For a quick grasp of theoperating manual ......................................1-11

1.5 Layout and presentationin this manual ......................................... 1-12Attention and Note symbols ......................1-12Listings .....................................................1-12Operating steps ........................................1-12

2 Standard package andaccessories........................................ 2-12.1 Standard package .................................... 2-3

2.2 Recommended accessories .................... 2-5

0-2 Issue 07, 07/2003 Krautkramer USM 25

Contents

3 Initial start-up ..................................... 3-13.1 Power supply ........................................... 3-2

Operation using the power supply unit ........ 3-2Operation using batteries ........................... 3-3

3.2 Connecting a probe ................................. 3-5

3.3 Starting the USM 25 ................................. 3-6Switching on/off ......................................... 3-6Reset ......................................................... 3-6Information lines in the startup screen ....... 3-6

4 Principles of operation ...................... 4-14.1 Operators controls .................................. 4-2

4.2 Screen display ......................................... 4-3Functions on the display ............................ 4-4Other displays ........................................... 4-5

4.3 Keys .......................................................... 4-6

4.4 Operational concept ................................ 4-7Setting the functions .................................. 4-7

4.5 Important basic settings .......................... 4-9Selecting the language ............................... 4-9Selecting units ........................................... 4-9Setting the backlight .................................4-10

5 Operation ........................................... 5-15.1 Overview of the functions........................ 5-2

Function groups first operating level........... 5-3Function groups second operating level ..... 5-3Function groups third operating level .......... 5-4

5.2 Setting the gain ........................................ 5-5V Defining the dB incrementation for gain ..................................................... 5-5

5.3 Adjusting the display range(function group BASE) ............................ 5-6RANGE (Display range) ............................. 5-7MTLVEL (Material velocity) ........................ 5-8


Contents

3 Initial start-up ..................................... 3-13.1 Power supply ........................................... 3-2

Operation using the power supply unit ........ 3-2Operation using batteries ........................... 3-3

3.2 Connecting a probe ................................. 3-5

3.3 Starting the USM 25 ................................. 3-6Switching on/off ......................................... 3-6Reset ......................................................... 3-6Information lines in the startup screen ....... 3-6

4 Principles of operation ...................... 4-14.1 Operators controls .................................. 4-2

4.2 Screen display ......................................... 4-3Functions on the display ............................ 4-4Other displays ........................................... 4-5

4.3 Keys .......................................................... 4-6

4.4 Operational concept ................................ 4-7Setting the functions .................................. 4-7

4.5 Important basic settings .......................... 4-9Selecting the language ............................... 4-9Selecting units ........................................... 4-9Setting the backlight .................................4-10

5 Operation ........................................... 5-15.1 Overview of the functions........................ 5-2

Function groups first operating level........... 5-3Function groups second operating level ..... 5-3Function groups third operating level .......... 5-4

5.2 Setting the gain ........................................ 5-5V Defining the dB incrementation for gain ..................................................... 5-5

5.3 Adjusting the display range(function group BASE) ............................ 5-6RANGE (Display range) ............................. 5-7MTLVEL (Material velocity) ........................ 5-8


Contents

D-DELAY (Display starting point) ............... 5-9P-DELAY (Probe delay) ............................5-10

5.4 Adjusting the pulser(function group PULS) ............................5-10DAMPING (Probe matching) .....................5-11POWER (Intensity) ...................................5-11DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ............5-12PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) .....5-12

5.5 Adjusting the receiver(function group RECV) ...........................5-13FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ...............5-13dBSTEP ...................................................5-14REJECT ...................................................5-14FREQU (Frequency range) ........................5-15RECTIFY (rectification) .............................5-15

5.6 Setting the gates(function groups aGAT and bGAT) .........5-16Tasks of the gates ....................................5-16aLOGIC / bLOGIC(Evaluation logic of the gates) ...................5-17

aSTART / bSTART(Starting points of the gates) .....................5-18aWIDTH / bWIDTH(Width of the gates) ..................................5-18aTHRSH / bTHRSH(Response and measurementthreshold of the gates) ..............................5-18

5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 ...........................5-19Calibrating the display range .....................5-19Choosing the measuring point ...................5-19Calibration with straight- andangle-beam probes....................................5-20Calibration with dual-element(TR) probes ...............................................5-23

5.8 Measuring................................................5-26General notes ...........................................5-26

5.9 Measurement of dB difference(function group REF) .............................. 5-27


Contents

D-DELAY (Display starting point) ............... 5-9P-DELAY (Probe delay) ............................5-10

5.4 Adjusting the pulser(function group PULS) ............................5-10DAMPING (Probe matching) .....................5-11POWER (Intensity) ...................................5-11DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation) ............5-12PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) .....5-12

5.5 Adjusting the receiver(function group RECV) ...........................5-13FINE G (fine adjustment of gain) ...............5-13dBSTEP ...................................................5-14REJECT ...................................................5-14FREQU (Frequency range) ........................5-15RECTIFY (rectification) .............................5-15

5.6 Setting the gates(function groups aGAT and bGAT) .........5-16Tasks of the gates ....................................5-16aLOGIC / bLOGIC(Evaluation logic of the gates) ...................5-17

aSTART / bSTART(Starting points of the gates) .....................5-18aWIDTH / bWIDTH(Width of the gates) ..................................5-18aTHRSH / bTHRSH(Response and measurementthreshold of the gates) ..............................5-18

5.7 Calibrating the USM 25 ...........................5-19Calibrating the display range .....................5-19Choosing the measuring point ...................5-19Calibration with straight- andangle-beam probes....................................5-20Calibration with dual-element(TR) probes ...............................................5-23

5.8 Measuring................................................5-26General notes ...........................................5-26

5.9 Measurement of dB difference(function group REF) .............................. 5-27


Contents

5.10Calculation of flaw position(function group TRIG) .............................5-30ANGLE (angle of incidence) ......................5-31X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ...............5-31THICKNE (material thickness) ..................5-32DIAMET(outside diameter of the test object) ..........5-32

5.11Data saving(function group MEM) .............................5-33Storing a data set .....................................5-34Deleting a data set ....................................5-34Recalling a stored data set .......................5-35

5.12Dataset management(function group DATA).............................5-36TESTINF (storing additional information) ...5-37Editing additional information ....................5-38Storing additional information ....................5-39PREVIEW (dataset preview) .....................5-39DIR (dataset directory) ..............................5-40SETTING (function list) .............................5-40

5.13Configuring the USM 25 for a testapplication ..............................................5-41TOF (selecting the measuring point) .........5-42S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) .........5-42MAGNIFY (gate spreading) .......................5-44A-Scan (setting the A-scan) ......................5-44Configuring the measurement line .............5-45Setting the display ....................................5-46FILLED (Echo display mode) ....................5-47LIGHT (LCD backlight) ..............................5-47CONTR (LCD contrast) .............................5-48SCALE(configuring the measurement line) ...........5-48

5.14General configuration .............................5-49UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) ....5-49DIALOG (Selecting the language) .............5-50PRINTER (Printer for test report) ..............5-51COPYMOD (assignment of the Y key) ....5-51TIME / DATE(setting the time and date) ........................5-52


Contents

5.10Calculation of flaw position(function group TRIG) .............................5-30ANGLE (angle of incidence) ......................5-31X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ...............5-31THICKNE (material thickness) ..................5-32DIAMET(outside diameter of the test object) ..........5-32

5.11Data saving(function group MEM) .............................5-33Storing a data set .....................................5-34Deleting a data set ....................................5-34Recalling a stored data set .......................5-35

5.12Dataset management(function group DATA).............................5-36TESTINF (storing additional information) ...5-37Editing additional information ....................5-38Storing additional information ....................5-39PREVIEW (dataset preview) .....................5-39DIR (dataset directory) ..............................5-40SETTING (function list) .............................5-40

5.13Configuring the USM 25 for a testapplication ..............................................5-41TOF (selecting the measuring point) .........5-42S-DISP (zoomed display of reading) .........5-42MAGNIFY (gate spreading) .......................5-44A-Scan (setting the A-scan) ......................5-44Configuring the measurement line .............5-45Setting the display ....................................5-46FILLED (Echo display mode) ....................5-47LIGHT (LCD backlight) ..............................5-47CONTR (LCD contrast) .............................5-48SCALE(configuring the measurement line) ...........5-48

5.14General configuration .............................5-49UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) ....5-49DIALOG (Selecting the language) .............5-50PRINTER (Printer for test report) ..............5-51COPYMOD (assignment of the Y key) ....5-51TIME / DATE(setting the time and date) ........................5-52


Contents

HORN .......................................................5-53ANAMOD ..................................................5-53EVAMOD (echo evaluation) ......................5-54

5.15Other functions withspecial keys .............................................5-55W Freeze ................................................5-55X Enlarged echo display .........................5-55

5.16Status symbols and LEDs ......................5-56Status symbols .........................................5-56LED ..........................................................5-56

5.17Distance-amplitude curve(only USM 25 DAC and USM 25S) ...........5-58DACMOD (activating DAC/TCG) ...............5-59DACECHO (recording reference curve) .....5-60T-CORR (sensitivity correction) ................5-61OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) .........5-62Echo evaluation with DAC.........................5-62

5.18Evaluation according to theDGS method (only USM 25S) .................5-63Measuring with DGS .................................5-63Selecting the DGS mode ..........................5-64Default settings for theDGS measurement ...................................5-65Recording the reference echoand displaying the DGS curve ...................5-67Evaluation of reflectors .............................5-68Transfer correction ....................................5-69Sound attenuation .....................................5-70Locks, error messages .............................5-73Validity of the DGS method ......................5-73

6 Documentation .................................. 6-16.1 Printing data ............................................. 6-2

Preparing the printer ................................... 6-2Preparing the USM 25 ................................ 6-2Printing ...................................................... 6-3

6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC................. 6-4


Contents

HORN .......................................................5-53ANAMOD ..................................................5-53EVAMOD (echo evaluation) ......................5-54

5.15Other functions withspecial keys .............................................5-55W Freeze ................................................5-55X Enlarged echo display .........................5-55

5.16Status symbols and LEDs ......................5-56Status symbols .........................................5-56LED ..........................................................5-56

5.17Distance-amplitude curve(only USM 25 DAC and USM 25S) ...........5-58DACMOD (activating DAC/TCG) ...............5-59DACECHO (recording reference curve) .....5-60T-CORR (sensitivity correction) ................5-61OFFSET (distance of multiple DAC) .........5-62Echo evaluation with DAC.........................5-62

5.18Evaluation according to theDGS method (only USM 25S) .................5-63Measuring with DGS .................................5-63Selecting the DGS mode ..........................5-64Default settings for theDGS measurement ...................................5-65Recording the reference echoand displaying the DGS curve ...................5-67Evaluation of reflectors .............................5-68Transfer correction ....................................5-69Sound attenuation .....................................5-70Locks, error messages .............................5-73Validity of the DGS method ......................5-73

6 Documentation .................................. 6-16.1 Printing data ............................................. 6-2

Preparing the printer ................................... 6-2Preparing the USM 25 ................................ 6-2Printing ...................................................... 6-3

6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC................. 6-4


Contents

7 Maintenance and care ....................... 7-17.1 Care .......................................................... 7-2

Care of the instrument ............................... 7-2Care of NiCd batteries ................................ 7-2Charging the NiCd batteries ....................... 7-2

7.2 Maintenance ............................................. 7-4

8 Interface and peripherals .................. 8-18.1 I/O interface .............................................. 8-2

Contact assignment of theLEMO-1B socket ....................................... 8-2

8.2 RS232 interface ........................................ 8-3Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket ... 8-3

8.3 Data exchange .......................................... 8-4Connecting a printer or a PC ...................... 8-4Printing data .............................................. 8-4

8.4 Remote control ......................................... 8-5Functions and remote control codes .......... 8-6

Other remote control codes .......................8-13Control codes for the function keys ...........8-14

9 Appendix............................................ 9-19.1 Function directory ................................... 9-2

9.2 EC declaration of conformity .................. 9-6

9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses ............. 9-7

10 Changes........................................... 10-1

11 Index ................................................. 11-1

Option Data Logger .......................... O-1

Technical Specifications accordingto EN 12668-1

Assembly Instructions,Spare Parts List


Contents

7 Maintenance and care ....................... 7-17.1 Care .......................................................... 7-2

Care of the instrument ............................... 7-2Care of NiCd batteries ................................ 7-2Charging the NiCd batteries ....................... 7-2

7.2 Maintenance ............................................. 7-4

8 Interface and peripherals .................. 8-18.1 I/O interface .............................................. 8-2

Contact assignment of theLEMO-1B socket ....................................... 8-2

8.2 RS232 interface ........................................ 8-3Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket ... 8-3

8.3 Data exchange .......................................... 8-4Connecting a printer or a PC ...................... 8-4Printing data .............................................. 8-4

8.4 Remote control ......................................... 8-5Functions and remote control codes .......... 8-6

Other remote control codes .......................8-13Control codes for the function keys ...........8-14

9 Appendix............................................ 9-19.1 Function directory ................................... 9-2

9.2 EC declaration of conformity .................. 9-6

9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses ............. 9-7

10 Changes........................................... 10-1

11 Index ................................................. 11-1

Option Data Logger .......................... O-1

Technical Specifications accordingto EN 12668-1

Assembly Instructions,Spare Parts List


Introduction 1


Introduction 1


Introduction Safety information

1.1 Safety information

The USM 25 has been designed and tested accordingto DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, March 1994, Safety require-ments for electrical measuring, control and lab equip-ment, and was technically in perfectly safe and fault-less condition when leaving the manufacturing works.

In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safeoperation, you should urgently read the following safetyinformation before putting the instrument into operation.

A Attention:The USM 25 is an instrument for materials testing.Any use for medical applications or other purposesis not allowed!

The USM 25 may only be used in industrial environ-ments!

The USM 25 can be operated with batteries or a powersupply unit.

The power supply unit has the electrical safety class II.


Introduction Safety information

1.1 Safety information

The USM 25 has been designed and tested accordingto DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, March 1994, Safety require-ments for electrical measuring, control and lab equip-ment, and was technically in perfectly safe and fault-less condition when leaving the manufacturing works.

In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safeoperation, you should urgently read the following safetyinformation before putting the instrument into operation.

A Attention:The USM 25 is an instrument for materials testing.Any use for medical applications or other purposesis not allowed!

The USM 25 may only be used in industrial environ-ments!

The USM 25 can be operated with batteries or a powersupply unit.

The power supply unit has the electrical safety class II.


IntroductionSafety information

BatteriesThe USM 25 can be operated with NiCd, AlMn or NiMHbatteries or a power supply unit. Please only use theproducts recommended by us for the battery operation.

If you want to use NiCd or NiMH batteries, you have tocharge them in an external battery charger. As soon asyou connect the power supply unit to the USM 25, thepower supply to the batteries is interrupted. For informa-tion on how to handle the batteries, please refer tochapter 7 Maintenance and care.

SoftwareAccording to the current state of the art, software isnever completely free from errors.

Before using any software-controlled test equipment,please make sure that the required functions operateperfectly in the intended combination.

If you have any questions about the use of yourKrautkramer test equipment, please contact yournearest representative of Krautkramer UltrasonicSystems.

Defects/errors and exceptional stressesIf you have reason to believe that a safe operation ofyour USM 25 is no longer possible, you have to discon-nect the instrument and secure it against unintentionalreconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary.

A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible

if the instrument shows visible damages, if the instrument no longer operates perfectly, after prolonged storage under adverse conditions

(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially highair humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions),

after being subjected to heavy stresses duringtransportation.


IntroductionSafety information

BatteriesThe USM 25 can be operated with NiCd, AlMn or NiMHbatteries or a power supply unit. Please only use theproducts recommended by us for the battery operation.

If you want to use NiCd or NiMH batteries, you have tocharge them in an external battery charger. As soon asyou connect the power supply unit to the USM 25, thepower supply to the batteries is interrupted. For informa-tion on how to handle the batteries, please refer tochapter 7 Maintenance and care.

SoftwareAccording to the current state of the art, software isnever completely free from errors.

Before using any software-controlled test equipment,please make sure that the required functions operateperfectly in the intended combination.

If you have any questions about the use of yourKrautkramer test equipment, please contact yournearest representative of Krautkramer UltrasonicSystems.

Defects/errors and exceptional stressesIf you have reason to believe that a safe operation ofyour USM 25 is no longer possible, you have to discon-nect the instrument and secure it against unintentionalreconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary.

A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible

if the instrument shows visible damages, if the instrument no longer operates perfectly, after prolonged storage under adverse conditions

(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially highair humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions),

after being subjected to heavy stresses duringtransportation.


Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing

1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing

Please read the following information before using yourUSM 25. It is important that you understand andobserve this information to avoid any operator errorsthat might lead to false test results. This could result inpersonal injuries or damages to property.

Preconditions for testing with ultrasonictest equipmentThis operating manual contains essential information onhow to operate your test equipment. In addition, thereare a number of factors which affect the test results. Adescription of these factors would go beyond the scopeof an operating manual. The following list therefore onlymentions the three most important conditions for a safeand reliable ultrasonic inspection:

the operator training the knowledge of special technical test requirements

and limits the choice of appropriate test equipment.

Operator trainingThe operation of an ultrasonic test device requires aproper training in ultrasonic test methods.

A proper training comprises for example adequateknowledge of:

the theory of sound propagation the effects of sound velocity in the test material the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces be-

tween different materials the propagation of the sound beam the influence of sound attenuation in the test object

and the influence of surface quality of the testobject.

Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test resultswith unforeseeable consequences. You can contact forexample NDT societies or organizations in your country(DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or alsoKrautkramer Ultrasonic Systems, for informationconcerning existing possibilities for the training ofultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualificationsand certificates that can finally be obtained.



1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing

Please read the following information before using yourUSM 25. It is important that you understand andobserve this information to avoid any operator errorsthat might lead to false test results. This could result inpersonal injuries or damages to property.

Preconditions for testing with ultrasonictest equipmentThis operating manual contains essential information onhow to operate your test equipment. In addition, thereare a number of factors which affect the test results. Adescription of these factors would go beyond the scopeof an operating manual. The following list therefore onlymentions the three most important conditions for a safeand reliable ultrasonic inspection:

the operator training the knowledge of special technical test requirements

and limits the choice of appropriate test equipment.

Operator trainingThe operation of an ultrasonic test device requires aproper training in ultrasonic test methods.

A proper training comprises for example adequateknowledge of:

the theory of sound propagation the effects of sound velocity in the test material the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces be-

tween different materials the propagation of the sound beam the influence of sound attenuation in the test object

and the influence of surface quality of the testobject.

Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test resultswith unforeseeable consequences. You can contact forexample NDT societies or organizations in your country(DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or alsoKrautkramer Ultrasonic Systems, for informationconcerning existing possibilities for the training ofultrasonic inspectors as well as on the qualificationsand certificates that can finally be obtained.


IntroductionImportant information on ultrasonic testing

Technical test requirementsEvery ultrasonic test is subject to specific technicaltest requirements. The most important ones are:

the definition of the scope of inspection the choice of the appropriate test method the consideration of material properties the determination of limits for recording and evalua-

tion.It is the task of those with overall responsibility fortesting to ensure that the inspector is fully informedabout these requirements. The best basis for suchinformation is experience with identical test objects. Itis also essential that the relevant test specifications beclearly and completely understood by the inspector.Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems regularly holdsspecialized training courses in the field of ultrasonictesting.

The scheduled dates for these courses will be given toyou on request.

Limits of testingThe information obtained from ultrasonic tests onlyrefers to those parts of the test object which arecovered by the sound beam of the probe used.

Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied tothe untested parts of the test object should be madewith extreme caution.

Such conclusions are generally only possible in caseswhere extensive experience and proven methods ofstatistical data acquisition are available.

The sound beam can be completely reflected fromboundary surfaces within the test object so that flawsand reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. Itis therefore important to make sure that all areas to betested in the test object are covered by the soundbeam.

Ultrasonic wall thickness measurementAll ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are basedon a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure-ment results require a constant sound velocity in the



Technical test requirementsEvery ultrasonic test is subject to specific technicaltest requirements. The most important ones are:

the definition of the scope of inspection the choice of the appropriate test method the consideration of material properties the determination of limits for recording and evalua-

tion.It is the task of those with overall responsibility fortesting to ensure that the inspector is fully informedabout these requirements. The best basis for suchinformation is experience with identical test objects. Itis also essential that the relevant test specifications beclearly and completely understood by the inspector.Krautkramer Ultrasonic Systems regularly holdsspecialized training courses in the field of ultrasonictesting.

The scheduled dates for these courses will be given toyou on request.

Limits of testingThe information obtained from ultrasonic tests onlyrefers to those parts of the test object which arecovered by the sound beam of the probe used.

Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied tothe untested parts of the test object should be madewith extreme caution.

Such conclusions are generally only possible in caseswhere extensive experience and proven methods ofstatistical data acquisition are available.

The sound beam can be completely reflected fromboundary surfaces within the test object so that flawsand reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. Itis therefore important to make sure that all areas to betested in the test object are covered by the soundbeam.

Ultrasonic wall thickness measurementAll ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are basedon a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure-ment results require a constant sound velocity in the



test object. In test objects made of steel, even withvarying alloying constituents, this condition is mostlyfulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight thatit is only of importance for high-precision measure-ments. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals orplastics, the sound velocity variations may be evenlarger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.

Effect of the test objects materialIf the test objects material is not homogeneous, thesound may propagate at different sound velocities indifferent parts of the test objects. An average soundvelocity should then be taken into account for the rangecalibration. This is achieved by means of a referenceblock whose sound velocity corresponds to the averagesound velocity of the test object.If substantial sound velocity variations are to beexpected, then the instrument calibration should bereadjusted to the actual sound velocity values atshorter time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to falsethickness readings.

Effect of temperature variationsThe sound velocity within the test object also varies asa function of the materials temperature. This can causeappreciable errors in measurements if the instrumenthas been calibrated on a cold reference block and isthen used on a warm or hot test object. Such measure-ment errors can be avoided either by warming thereference block to the same temperature before cali-brating, or by using a correction factor obtained fromtables.

Measurement of remaining wall thicknessThe measurement of the remaining wall thickness onplant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reactionvessels of all types which are corroded or eroded fromthe inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge andspecial care in handling the probe.

The inspectors should always be informed about thecorresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likelyamount of wall thickness losses.



test object. In test objects made of steel, even withvarying alloying constituents, this condition is mostlyfulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight thatit is only of importance for high-precision measure-ments. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals orplastics, the sound velocity variations may be evenlarger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.

Effect of the test objects materialIf the test objects material is not homogeneous, thesound may propagate at different sound velocities indifferent parts of the test objects. An average soundvelocity should then be taken into account for the rangecalibration. This is achieved by means of a referenceblock whose sound velocity corresponds to the averagesound velocity of the test object.If substantial sound velocity variations are to beexpected, then the instrument calibration should bereadjusted to the actual sound velocity values atshorter time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to falsethickness readings.

Effect of temperature variationsThe sound velocity within the test object also varies asa function of the materials temperature. This can causeappreciable errors in measurements if the instrumenthas been calibrated on a cold reference block and isthen used on a warm or hot test object. Such measure-ment errors can be avoided either by warming thereference block to the same temperature before cali-brating, or by using a correction factor obtained fromtables.

Measurement of remaining wall thicknessThe measurement of the remaining wall thickness onplant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reactionvessels of all types which are corroded or eroded fromthe inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge andspecial care in handling the probe.

The inspectors should always be informed about thecorresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likelyamount of wall thickness losses.



Ultrasonic evaluation of flawsIn present-day test practice, there are basically twodifferent methods of flaw evaluation:

If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than theextent of the flaw, then the beam can be used toexplore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determineits area.

If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is largerthan the size of the flaw, the maximum echo responsefrom the flaw must be compared with the maximumecho response from an artificial flaw provided forcomparison purposes.

Flaw boundary methodThe smaller the diameter of the probes sound beam,the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore theflaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundarymethod. If, however, the sound beam is relativelybroad, the flaw area determined can substantially differfrom the actual flaw area. Care should therefore betaken to select a probe which will give a sufficientlynarrow beam at the position of the flaw.

Echo display comparison methodThe echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smallerthan the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g.circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, forinstance, to the roughness of the surface of a naturalflaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on itat right angles.

If this fact is not taken into account when evaluatingnatural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating theirmagnitude.

In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrinkholes in castings, it may be that the sound scatteringoccurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is sostrong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, adifferent evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. useof the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation.

The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays animportant part when testing large components. Atten-tion should be paid here to choosing artificial compari-son flaws which are as far as possible governed by thesame distance laws as the natural flaws to be evalu-ated.



Ultrasonic evaluation of flawsIn present-day test practice, there are basically twodifferent methods of flaw evaluation:

If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than theextent of the flaw, then the beam can be used toexplore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determineits area.

If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is largerthan the size of the flaw, the maximum echo responsefrom the flaw must be compared with the maximumecho response from an artificial flaw provided forcomparison purposes.

Flaw boundary methodThe smaller the diameter of the probes sound beam,the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore theflaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundarymethod. If, however, the sound beam is relativelybroad, the flaw area determined can substantially differfrom the actual flaw area. Care should therefore betaken to select a probe which will give a sufficientlynarrow beam at the position of the flaw.

Echo display comparison methodThe echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smallerthan the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g.circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, forinstance, to the roughness of the surface of a naturalflaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on itat right angles.

If this fact is not taken into account when evaluatingnatural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating theirmagnitude.

In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrinkholes in castings, it may be that the sound scatteringoccurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is sostrong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, adifferent evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. useof the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation.

The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays animportant part when testing large components. Atten-tion should be paid here to choosing artificial compari-son flaws which are as far as possible governed by thesame distance laws as the natural flaws to be evalu-ated.



The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. Thissound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made offine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made ofother materials. However, if the sound wave travelslarger distances through the material, a high cumulativesound attenuation can result even with small attenua-tion coefficients. There is then a danger that echoesfrom natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, anestimate must always be made of the effects of attenu-ation on the evaluation result and taken into account ifapplicable.

If the test object has a rough surface, part of theincident sound energy will be scattered at its surfaceand is not available for the test. The larger this initialscattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and themore errors occur in the evaluation result.

It is therefore important to take the effect of the testobjects surfaces on the height of the echo into account(transfer correction).



The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. Thissound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made offine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made ofother materials. However, if the sound wave travelslarger distances through the material, a high cumulativesound attenuation can result even with small attenua-tion coefficients. There is then a danger that echoesfrom natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, anestimate must always be made of the effects of attenu-ation on the evaluation result and taken into account ifapplicable.

If the test object has a rough surface, part of theincident sound energy will be scattered at its surfaceand is not available for the test. The larger this initialscattering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and themore errors occur in the evaluation result.

It is therefore important to take the effect of the testobjects surfaces on the height of the echo into account(transfer correction).


IntroductionThe USM 25 family

1.3 The USM 25 family

The USM 25 is a lightweight and compact ultrasonicflaw detector especially suitable for

locating and evaluating material defects measuring wall thicknesses saving and documenting test results.With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and amaximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 25is designed for use on large workpieces and in high-resolution measurements.

The different instrument versionsThe USM 25 is available in several versions which aredesgined for different applications:

USM 25Standard version for universal ultrasonic testapplications.

USM 25 DACThe multiple DAC curves enable a field-orienteddisplay evaluation according to international testspecifications.

USM 25SEither DAC/TCG or DGS evaluation mode.DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band single-element probes; amplitude evaluation is carried outeither in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflectorsize (ERS).

Data Logger optionThis option is available for all USM 25 versions andis used for the recording and documentation ofthickness readings.


IntroductionThe USM 25 family

1.3 The USM 25 family

The USM 25 is a lightweight and compact ultrasonicflaw detector especially suitable for

locating and evaluating material defects measuring wall thicknesses saving and documenting test results.With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and amaximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 25is designed for use on large workpieces and in high-resolution measurements.

The different instrument versionsThe USM 25 is available in several versions which aredesgined for different applications:

USM 25Standard version for universal ultrasonic testapplications.

USM 25 DACThe multiple DAC curves enable a field-orienteddisplay evaluation according to international testspecifications.

USM 25SEither DAC/TCG or DGS evaluation mode.DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band single-element probes; amplitude evaluation is carried outeither in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflectorsize (ERS).

Data Logger optionThis option is available for all USM 25 versions andis used for the recording and documentation ofthickness readings.


Introduction Special features

Special features low weight (1.6 kg including batteries) and compact

size handy equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up

stand, also used as handle rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as

for changing the currently selected function two independant gates for accurate wall thickness

measurements from the workpiece surface up to thefirst echo, or between two backwall echoes, includingmeasurement on coated workpieces with a resolutionof 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel

Magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over theentire screen width

fast, high-contrast LCD to display the digitized echosignals (320 240 pixels, 96 72 mm)

data memory: 200 data sets, including alphanumericdescription, documentation possibility via a printer

increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),depending on the frequency range

semiautomatic two point calibration

pulse repetition frequency variable in ten stepsto avoid phantom echoes when testing largeworkpieces

choice of frequency range for the connected probe. signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive

half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the

A-scan, user-configurable


Introduction Special features

Special features low weight (1.6 kg including batteries) and compact

size handy equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up

stand, also used as handle rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as

for changing the currently selected function two independant gates for accurate wall thickness

measurements from the workpiece surface up to thefirst echo, or between two backwall echoes, includingmeasurement on coated workpieces with a resolutionof 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel

Magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over theentire screen width

fast, high-contrast LCD to display the digitized echosignals (320 240 pixels, 96 72 mm)

data memory: 200 data sets, including alphanumericdescription, documentation possibility via a printer

increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),depending on the frequency range

semiautomatic two point calibration

pulse repetition frequency variable in ten stepsto avoid phantom echoes when testing largeworkpieces

choice of frequency range for the connected probe. signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive

half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in the

A-scan, user-configurable


IntroductionHow to use this manual

1.4 How to use this manual

For a quick grasp of the operating manualBefore operating the USM 25 for the first time, it isabsolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about thenecessary preparations of the instrument, give you adescription of all keys and screen displays, and explainthe operating principle.

In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of theinstrument and be able to use the full range of instru-ment functions.

You will find the latest changes to this operating manualin chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections thathave become necessary at short notice and have notyet been included in the general manual. If no correc-tions have become necessary, this chapter is empty.

The specifications / Technical Specifications accordingto EN 12668-1 for the USM 25 family can be found inthe attachment at the end of this operating manual.

The Data Logger option, which can be applied to allUSM 25 versions, is described in a chapter of its own -at the end of the operating manual. All functions refer-ring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor aredescribed here. At the same time, the standard operat-ing manual applies to all other functions.


IntroductionHow to use this manual

1.4 How to use this manual

For a quick grasp of the operating manualBefore operating the USM 25 for the first time, it isabsolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about thenecessary preparations of the instrument, give you adescription of all keys and screen displays, and explainthe operating principle.

In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of theinstrument and be able to use the full range of instru-ment functions.

You will find the latest changes to this operating manualin chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections thathave become necessary at short notice and have notyet been included in the general manual. If no correc-tions have become necessary, this chapter is empty.

The specifications / Technical Specifications accordingto EN 12668-1 for the USM 25 family can be found inthe attachment at the end of this operating manual.

The Data Logger option, which can be applied to allUSM 25 versions, is described in a chapter of its own -at the end of the operating manual. All functions refer-ring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor aredescribed here. At the same time, the standard operat-ing manual applies to all other functions.


Introduction Layout and presentation in this manual

1.5 Layout and presentation inthis manual

To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat-ing steps, notes, etc., are always presented in thesame way. This will help you find individual pieces ofinformation quickly.

Attention and Note symbols

A Attention:The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities andspecial aspects in the operation which could affect theaccuracy of the results.

H Note:Note contains e.g. references to other chapters orspecial recommendations for a function.

ListingsListings are presented in the following form:

Variant A Variant B ...

Operating stepsOperating steps appear as shown in the followingexample:

Loosen the two screws at the bottom. Remove the cover. ...


Introduction Layout and presentation in this manual

1.5 Layout and presentation inthis manual

To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat-ing steps, notes, etc., are always presented in thesame way. This will help you find individual pieces ofinformation quickly.

Attention and Note symbols

A Attention:The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities andspecial aspects in the operation which could affect theaccuracy of the results.

H Note:Note contains e.g. references to other chapters orspecial recommendations for a function.

ListingsListings are presented in the following form:

Variant A Variant B ...

Operating stepsOperating steps appear as shown in the followingexample:

Loosen the two screws at the bottom. Remove the cover. ...


Standard package and accessories 2


Standard package and accessories 2


Scope of supply and accessories

This chapter informs you about the standard packageand the accessories available for the USM 25.

It describes

accessories included in the standard package, recommended accessories


Scope of supply and accessories

This chapter informs you about the standard packageand the accessories available for the USM 25.

It describes

accessories included in the standard package, recommended accessories


2.1 Standard package

Product code Description Order number

Ultrasonic testing kitconsisting of:

USM 25 Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic versionwith Lemo connectors 35 050orwith BNC connectors 35 052or

USM 25 DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC versionwith Lemo connectors 35 049orwith BNC connectors 35 051or

USM 25S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DA/TCGC andDGS evaluation with LEMO connectors 35 054orwith BNC connectors 35 053

UM 20 Transport case 34 913Plug-in power supply unit 18 348

Scope of supply and accessoriesStandard package


2.1 Standard package


Ultrasonic testing kitconsisting of:

USM 25 Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic versionwith Lemo connectors 35 050orwith BNC connectors 35 052or

USM 25 DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC versionwith Lemo connectors 35 049orwith BNC connectors 35 051or

USM 25S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DA/TCGC andDGS evaluation with LEMO connectors 35 054orwith BNC connectors 35 053

UM 20 Transport case 34 913Plug-in power supply unit 18 348

Scope of supply and accessoriesStandard package


Scope of supply and accessories Standard package


Operating manual in German 28 661

oroperating manual in English 28 662


Scope of supply and accessories Standard package


Operating manual in German 28 661

oroperating manual in English 28 662


Scope of supply and accessoriesRecommended accessories

2.2 Recommended accessories


UM 23 NiMH battery pack 25 274

NCA 1-4 4 NiCd cells 34 910

Quick charger for external charging of the NiCds 18 673

UM 21 Transport case for instrument and accessories 25 255

UM 22 Weatherproof protection with neckstrap 35 254

UM 25 Lemo plug (8 pin) with open ended cable 35 268UD 20 PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 32 291UD 31 PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 34 943UD 30 Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 9-pin (printer) 18 495UD 32 Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 25-pin (printer) 34 944

Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 25 16 121

UM 27 DL Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions) 35 455


Scope of supply and accessoriesRecommended accessories

2.2 Recommended accessories


UM 23 NiMH battery pack 25 274

NCA 1-4 4 NiCd cells 34 910

Quick charger for external charging of the NiCds 18 673

UM 21 Transport case for instrument and accessories 25 255

UM 22 Weatherproof protection with neckstrap 35 254

UM 25 Lemo plug (8 pin) with open ended cable 35 268UD 20 PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 32 291UD 31 PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 34 943UD 30 Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 9-pin (printer) 18 495UD 32 Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument) / 25-pin (printer) 34 944

Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 25 16 121

UM 27 DL Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions) 35 455



Epson LX Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet andcontinuous stationary 17 995

Seiko DPU Thermal printer for mains and battery operation 17 993

UM 200 W UltraDOC data communication software for USM 35 024

PZ-USM Test certificate according to EN 12668-1 35 263

Scope of supply and accessories Recommended accessories



Epson LX Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet andcontinuous stationary 17 995

Seiko DPU Thermal printer for mains and battery operation 17 993

UM 200 W UltraDOC data communication software for USM 35 024

PZ-USM Test certificate according to EN 12668-1 35 263

Scope of supply and accessories Recommended accessories


Initial start-up 3


Initial start-up 3


Initial start-up

Connecting the instrument

Use the corresponding power supply unit to connect theUSM 25 to the mains socket-outlet. The socket-contactis at the top left of the USM 25.

The power supply unit is automatically set to anynominal voltage between 100 VAC and 240 VAC.

A Attention:Always press the U key in order to switch the instru-ment off correctly. If power is interrupted (battery

Power supply

3.1 Power supply

The USM 25 can be operated with a plug-in powersupply unit or with batteries.

You can connect the USM 25 to the mains supplysystem even if it carries batteries. The battery power isthen automatically interrupted.

Operation using the power supply unitPower pack adaptor

The power supply unit is delivered with two different plugadaptors - for Euro and USA standard. If the adaptorplugged in your power supply unit does not correspond toyour plug connector standard, you can exchange it.

To do this, just pull out the attached adaptor andreplace it with the required one.

HHHHH Note:

You should exchange the plug adaptor only oncebecause the plug-in power supply unit is not meant forfrequent changing.


Initial start-up

Connecting the instrument

Use the corresponding power supply unit to connect theUSM 25 to the mains socket-outlet. The socket-contactis at the top left of the USM 25.

The power supply unit is automatically set to anynominal voltage between 100 VAC and 240 VAC.

A Attention:Always press the U key in order to switch the instru-ment off correctly. If power is interrupted (battery

Power supply

3.1 Power supply

The USM 25 can be operated with a plug-in powersupply unit or with batteries.

You can connect the USM 25 to the mains supplysystem even if it carries batteries. The battery power isthen automatically interrupted.

Operation using the power supply unitPower pack adaptor

The power supply unit is delivered with two different plugadaptors - for Euro and USA standard. If the adaptorplugged in your power supply unit does not correspond toyour plug connector standard, you can exchange it.

To do this, just pull out the attached adaptor andreplace it with the required one.

HHHHH Note:

You should exchange the plug adaptor only oncebecause the plug-in power supply unit is not meant forfrequent changing.


Initial start-upPower supply

compartment cover open, mains plug pulled) theinstrument will not correctly switch off, therefore thelast A-scan will remain on the display for about 10minutes.

Operation using batteriesPlease only use the products recommended by us forthe battery operation.

Inserting batteries

The battery compartment is located at the bottom ofthe instrument; the opening with the Bayonet lock capis on the right.

Loosen the Bayonet lock. Half a quarter turn of thelock is enogh to open or close it.

Insert the four C-size cells one by one into thebattery compartment, with the positive pole to theleft. Notice the information on the instrument back.

After that, close the battery compartment by tighten-ing the Bayonet lock up to the limit stop again.

Charge indicator

The measurement line of the USM 25 indicates aninverted B if the battery voltage is too low.

H Note:

If the symbol for low battery voltage appears, youshould urgently end your test job and exchange thebatteries.

Please take spare batteries with you if you aim to carryout measurements on site.

Charging NiCd or NiMH batteries

NiMH batteries can be charged in the instrument (usingthe NiMH battery pack UM 23) or using an externalbattery charger (single NiCd or NiMH batteries).

open closed


Initial start-upPower supply

compartment cover open, mains plug pulled) theinstrument will not correctly switch off, therefore thelast A-scan will remain on the display for about 10minutes.

Operation using batteriesPlease only use the products recommended by us forthe battery operation.

Inserting batteries

The battery compartment is located at the bottom ofthe instrument; the opening with the Bayonet lock capis on the right.

Loosen the Bayonet lock. Half a quarter turn of thelock is enogh to open or close it.

Insert the four C-size cells one by one into thebattery compartment, with the positive pole to theleft. Notice the information on the instrument back.

After that, close the battery compartment by tighten-ing the Bayonet lock up to the limit stop again.

Charge indicator

The measurement line of the USM 25 indicates aninverted B if the battery voltage is too low.

H Note:

If the symbol for low battery voltage appears, youshould urgently end your test job and exchange thebatteries.

Please take spare batteries with you if you aim to carryout measurements on site.

Charging NiCd or NiMH batteries

NiMH batteries can be charged in the instrument (usingthe NiMH battery pack UM 23) or using an externalbattery charger (single NiCd or NiMH batteries).

open closed


Initial start-up

Internal charging

H Note:

Internal charging option will be available for instrumentsfrom serial number 2501.

Requirements:

NiMH battery pack, product code UM 23

Plug-in power supply unit

Operation:

A check is made at each charging start to find out whethera battery pack has been inserted or not. If not, the threeLEDs on the USM 25 (A, R, D) flash at a slow pace.If the battery pack UM 23 is in the instrument, chargingwill start automatically:

with the instrument turned off if you connect theplug-in power supply unit

with the plug-in power supply unit connected if youturn the instrument off

During charging, the three LEDs are constantly lit. On

completion of the charging process, the three LEDsflash at a quick pace.

Carging time:

The charging time is < 3 hours at an ambienttemperature ranging from 25 C to 30 C. Please notethat the batteries are not recharged to their full capacityat higher temperatures.

Interruption of charging:

1. Normal case: monitoring after gradual temperaturerise

2. Safety precaution: Interruption at an excesstemperature (approx. 50 C)

3. Saftey precaution: Interruption approx. 6 hours aftercharging start.

After each interruption of charging, the timer is restarted.

H Note:

If the USM 25 is turned on during the charging process,charging is interrupted and the timer is reset. Thetemperature monitoring is maintained.

Power supply


Initial start-up

Internal charging

H Note:

Internal charging option will be available for instrumentsfrom serial number 2501.

Requirements:

NiMH battery pack, product code UM 23

Plug-in power supply unit

Operation:

A check is made at each charging start to find out whethera battery pack has been inserted or not. If not, the threeLEDs on the USM 25 (A, R, D) flash at a slow pace.If the battery pack UM 23 is in the instrument, chargingwill start automatically:

with the instrument turned off if you connect theplug-in power supply unit

with the plug-in power supply unit connected if youturn the instrument off

During charging, the three LEDs are constantly lit. On

completion of the charging process, the three LEDsflash at a quick pace.

Carging time:

The charging time is < 3 hours at an ambienttemperature ranging from 25 C to 30 C. Please notethat the batteries are not recharged to their full capacityat higher temperatures.

Interruption of charging:

1. Normal case: monitoring after gradual temperaturerise

2. Safety precaution: Interruption at an excesstemperature (approx. 50 C)

3. Saftey precaution: Interruption approx. 6 hours aftercharging start.

After each interruption of charging, the timer is restarted.

H Note:

If the USM 25 is turned on during the charging process,charging is interrupted and the timer is reset. Thetemperature monitoring is maintained.

Power supply


Initial start-up

3.2 Connecting a probe

To prepare the USM 25 for operation, you have toconnect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can beused for the USM 25, provided the appropriate cable isavailable and the operating frequency is within anadequate range.

The USM 25 is available with the probe connectorsLEMO 1 or BNC.

The probe is connected to the sockets at the top righton the instrument casing. Both connector sockets areequally suitable (connected in parallel) for connectingprobes equipped with only one ultrasonic element(ultrasonic transducer) so that it does not matter whichone of the two sockets is used.

When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (havingone transmitter element and one receiver element), ortwo probes (of which one is transmitting and the otherone receiving), attention should be paid to connectingthe transmitter element to the right-hand socket (trans-mitter, marked with black circle at the rear of theinstrument case) and the receiver element to the left-hand socket (receiver, marked with red circle).

Connecting a probe

If this is not taken into account, the consequencewould be a mismatching which may lead to consider-able power losses or even to echo waveform distor-tions.

Receiver Transmitter


Initial start-up

3.2 Connecting a probe

To prepare the USM 25 for operation, you have toconnect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can beused for the USM 25, provided the appropriate cable isavailable and the operating frequency is within anadequate range.

The USM 25 is available with the probe connectorsLEMO 1 or BNC.

The probe is connected to the sockets at the top righton the instrument casing. Both connector sockets areequally suitable (connected in parallel) for connectingprobes equipped with only one ultrasonic element(ultrasonic transducer) so that it does not matter whichone of the two sockets is used.

When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (havingone transmitter element and one receiver element), ortwo probes (of which one is transmitting and the otherone receiving), attention should be paid to connectingthe transmitter element to the right-hand socket (trans-mitter, marked with black circle at the rear of theinstrument case) and the receiver element to the left-hand socket (receiver, marked with red circle).

Connecting a probe

If this is not taken into account, the consequencewould be a mismatching which may lead to consider-able power losses or even to echo waveform distor-tions.

Receiver Transmitter


Initial start-up

3.3 Starting the USM 25

Switching on/offTo start the USM 25, press the switch-on key U.

The start display of the USM 25 appears; here you willalso see the current software version of the instrument.

The instrument carries out a self-check and thenswitches over to stand-by mode.

The settings of all function values and the basicsettings (language and units) are the same as beforeswitching-on of the instrument.

H Note:

The LCD contrast is always set to the medium valueCONTR = 50 after switch-on. If another value is alreadyrequired during the switch-on, e.g. because of a higher orlower ambient temperature, press one of the five functiongroup keys u while pressing the switch-on key U.

CONTR = 10 30 50 70 90u u u u u

Starting the USM 25

ResetIf any functions can no longer be operated after a warmstart, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basicsetup, then you should carry out a cold start by simul-taneously pressing the Y and the U key.

The cold start message Basic Initialization is dis-played. The instrument is initialized and reset to itsbasic setup (dialog language: English, for more detailson how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).

A Attention:All saved data are deleted.

Information lines in the startup screenYou can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters)for information purposes in the startup screen. For thisuse the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer tochapter 8.4).


Initial start-up

3.3 Starting the USM 25

Switching on/offTo start the USM 25, press the switch-on key U.

The start display of the USM 25 appears; here you willalso see the current software version of the instrument.

The instrument carries out a self-check and thenswitches over to stand-by mode.

The settings of all function values and the basicsettings (language and units) are the same as beforeswitching-on of the instrument.

H Note:

The LCD contrast is always set to the medium valueCONTR = 50 after switch-on. If another value is alreadyrequired during the switch-on, e.g. because of a higher orlower ambient temperature, press one of the five functiongroup keys u while pressing the switch-on key U.

CONTR = 10 30 50 70 90u u u u u

Starting the USM 25

ResetIf any functions can no longer be operated after a warmstart, or if you want to reset the instrument to the basicsetup, then you should carry out a cold start by simul-taneously pressing the Y and the U key.

The cold start message Basic Initialization is dis-played. The instrument is initialized and reset to itsbasic setup (dialog language: English, for more detailson how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).

A Attention:All saved data are deleted.

Information lines in the startup screenYou can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters)for information purposes in the startup screen. For thisuse the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer tochapter 8.4).


Principles of operation 4


Principles of operation 4


Principles of operation Operators controls

Keys for selectinga function

Rotary knob fordirect setting of thecurrent function

Rotary knob fordirect gain setting

Special keys forspecial instrumentfunctions

Keys for selecting a function group

On/Off key

4.1 Operators controls LED A: Gate alarmR: RejectionD: Dual on

Key for changingthe operation level


Principles of operation Operators controls

Keys for selectinga function

Rotary knob fordirect setting of thecurrent function

Rotary knob fordirect gain setting

Special keys forspecial instrumentfunctions

Keys for selecting a function group

On/Off key

4.1 Operators controls LED A: Gate alarmR: RejectionD: Dual on

Key for changingthe operation level


Principles of operationScreen display

4.2 Screen display

The USM 25 has a digital screen for the display of

A-scan in the normal mode

A-scan in the zoom modeThe zoom mode is activated using the X-key.

The screen display always shows the gain and theadjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked.


Principles of operationScreen display

4.2 Screen display

The USM 25 has a digital screen for the display of

A-scan in the normal mode

A-scan in the zoom modeThe zoom mode is activated using the X-key.

The screen display always shows the gain and theadjusted dB step value. All other functions are locked.


Principles of operation Functions on the display

Functions on the displayThe names of the five function groups are displayedat the bottom of the screen. The currently selectedfunction group is highlighted.

Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan,are the functions of the corresponding function group.The display of the functions disappears in the zoommode.


Principles of operation Functions on the display

Functions on the displayThe names of the five function groups are displayedat the bottom of the screen. The currently selectedfunction group is highlighted.

Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan,are the functions of the corresponding function group.The display of the functions disappears in the zoommode.


Principles of operationOther displays

Amplitude heightGate A (%)t

Sound pathGate A

Amplitude heightGate B (%)

Sound pathGate B

Status indicator:TOF = Flank

Other displaysA line below the screen display indicates settings andreadings as well as status symbols.

H Note:Every measurement value can also be shown in anenlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan(setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).

H Note:

You can configure the four positions of the measure-ment line for set and measured values as required(function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.12,section Configuring the measurement line on thissubject.

Example of a measurement line


Principles of operationOther displays

Amplitude heightGate A (%)t

Sound pathGate A

Amplitude heightGate B (%)

Sound pathGate B

Status indicator:TOF = Flank

Other displaysA line below the screen display indicates settings andreadings as well as status symbols.

H Note:Every measurement value can also be shown in anenlarged display at the top right corner of the A-scan(setting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).

H Note:

You can configure the four positions of the measure-ment line for set and measured values as required(function group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.12,section Configuring the measurement line on thissubject.

Example of a measurement line


Principles of operation Keys

4.3 Keys

Function keys

for changing between operation levels (below),for selection of the function groups (below) andfor selection of the functions (right).Special keysfor direct activation of particularly important instru-ment functions:

Key Function

V dB-step Step size for gain setting

W Freeze Storage (freezing) ofscreen display

X Zoom Enlarged echo displayover the entire screen

Y Copy Printing/transferring data

U On/Off Switching instrument on/off


Principles of operation Keys

4.3 Keys

Function keys

for changing between operation levels (below),for selection of the function groups (below) andfor selection of the functions (right).Special keysfor direct activation of particularly important instru-ment functions:

Key Function

V dB-step Step size for gain setting

W Freeze Storage (freezing) ofscreen display

X Zoom Enlarged echo displayover the entire screen

Y Copy Printing/transferring data

U On/Off Switching instrument on/off


Principles of operationOperational concept

4.4 Operational concept

The USM 25 is an easy-to-use instrument. It has threeoperating levels, and you can change between them bypressing the E key. You will recognize your currentlyactive operating level by the number on the separationline between the first and the second function group.

If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option,a fourth operating level is added to the existing ones.

Each operating level contains five function groups.

First operating level

Second operating level

Third operating level

Setting the functionsShown below the A-scan are five function groups thatyou can directly select using the corresponding u-key.The selected function group is highlighted and thecorresponding four functions are displayed next to theA-scan on the right. You can likewise directly select theindividual functions using the corresponding v-keys.

Coarse and fine adjustment of functionsYou can choose between coarse and fine adjustmentfor some functions. You can toggle between these twoadjustment modes by pressing the correspondingv-key several times.

The fine adjustment is identified by an asterisk pre-ceding the function value.

The following functions offer a choice between coarseand fine adjustment:


Principles of operationOperational concept

4.4 Operational concept

The USM 25 is an easy-to-use instrument. It has threeoperating levels, and you can change between them bypressing the E key. You will recognize your currentlyactive operating level by the number on the separationline between the first and the second function group.

If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option,a fourth operating level is added to the existing ones.

Each operating level contains five function groups.

First operating level

Second operating level

Third operating level

Setting the functionsShown below the A-scan are five function groups thatyou can directly select using the corresponding u-key.The selected function group is highlighted and thecorresponding four functions are displayed next to theA-scan on the right. You can likewise directly select theindividual functions using the corresponding v-keys.

Coarse and fine adjustment of functionsYou can choose between coarse and fine adjustmentfor some functions. You can toggle between these twoadjustment modes by pressing the correspondingv-key several times.

The fine adjustment is identified by an asterisk pre-ceding the function value.

The following functions offer a choice between coarseand fine adjustment:


Principles of operation

Function Function group

RANGE BASEMTLVEL BASED-DELAY BASEaSTART aGATaWIDTH aGATbWIDTH bGATS-REF1 CALS-REF2 CALANGLE TRIGTHICKNE TRIG

For more details on the adjustment possibilities, pleaseread from page 5-5 onward.

Operational concept

Rotary knobs for function adjustmentIn addition, the USM 25 is equipped with two rotaryknobs.

You can use the left-hand rotary knob to directly adjustthe gain; use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust thecurrent function selected.

The rotary knobs also enable an accelerated adjust-ment. You can make an adjustment step by step byslightly turning the rotary knob, it will lock into placewith the next adjustment. In the case of functionshaving a larger adjustment range, you can quicklybridge major differences between values by turning therotary knob correspondingly faster.



Function Function group

RANGE BASEMTLVEL BASED-DELAY BASEaSTART aGATaWIDTH aGATbWIDTH bGATS-REF1 CALS-REF2 CALANGLE TRIGTHICKNE TRIG

For more details on the adjustment possibilities, pleaseread from page 5-5 onward.

Operational concept

Rotary knobs for function adjustmentIn addition, the USM 25 is equipped with two rotaryknobs.

You can use the left-hand rotary knob to directly adjustthe gain; use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust thecurrent function selected.

The rotary knobs also enable an accelerated adjust-ment. You can make an adjustment step by step byslightly turning the rotary knob, it will lock into placewith the next adjustment. In the case of functionshaving a larger adjustment range, you can quicklybridge major differences between values by turning therotary knob correspondingly faster.



4.5 Important basic settings

Selecting the languageSelect the language in which the function names shouldbe displayed on the screen in the function DIALOG(Function group CFG1). The following languages areavailable: German Romanian English (default setting) Finnish French Czech Italian Danish Spanish Hungarian Portuguese Croatian Dutch Russian Swedish Slovakian Slovenian Norwegian

Polish

H Note:More dialog languages can be added on request.

Operation:

Use E to change over to the third operating level.

Use u to select the function group CFG1 and v toselect the function DIALOG.

Select the required language by means of the right-hand rotary knob.

Selecting unitsIn the function UNIT (function group CFG1) you canchoose your favorite units between mm or inch.

Operation:


Use u to select the function group CFG1 and thenuse v to select the function UNIT

Set the required unit by means of the right-handrotary knob.

Important basic settings



4.5 Important basic settings

Selecting the languageSelect the language in which the function names shouldbe displayed on the screen in the function DIALOG(Function group CFG1). The following languages areavailable: German Romanian English (default setting) Finnish French Czech Italian Danish Spanish Hungarian Portuguese Croatian Dutch Russian Swedish Slovakian Slovenian Norwegian

Polish

H Note:More dialog languages can be added on request.

Operation:


Use u to select the function group CFG1 and v toselect the function DIALOG.

Select the required language by means of the right-hand rotary knob.

Selecting unitsIn the function UNIT (function group CFG1) you canchoose your favorite units between mm or inch.

Operation:


Use u to select the function group CFG1 and thenuse v to select the function UNIT

Set the required unit by means of the right-handrotary knob.




A Attention:Select your units immediately when you start workingwith the USM 25 because if you change the unit, allcurrent settings are deleted, and the basic setup isloaded again.

In order not to delete anything by accident, a safetyprompt is displayed in the measurement line: Changeunit?

If you are sure that you want to change the unit,press the v key belonging to the function UNIT onemore time.

The unit is now changed, the current data are deleted.

If you want to abort the process, press any otherkey. The previous setting is kept in that case.

Setting the backlightYou can switch the backlight for the display on and offin the function LIGHT (function group LCD). Apart fromthis, you can also use a simple key combination towitch it on and off.

H Note:The operating time is reduced by 25 to 30 % with thebacklight switched on in battery operation! You shouldtherefore ensure that the light is always switched offwhen not needed.

Operation:


Use u to select the function group LCD and thenuse v to select the function LIGHT.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to switch thebacklight on or off.




A Attention:Select your units immediately when you start workingwith the USM 25 because if you change the unit, allcurrent settings are deleted, and the basic setup isloaded again.

In order not to delete anything by accident, a safetyprompt i

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