Ombudsman annual report

7/31/2019 Ombudsman annual report

1/41

NOO]NB

[MQH[S

Hqmo Gmmslod Bnt

Mo`h{imgmos Smng


2/41

[ Telbm lo ibhymc ymyylho" ihoylcm{: N{mnbbsemgnssm{ykmlodclyi}yymcn}seh{lzmclosem{myhb}slhoshq{himmclo ingm{n8

N{mno|phsmysnfmohob|`h{semq}{qhymh`q{himc}{nbgnssm{yh{`h{dlplodcl{mislhoyh{loys{}islhoyshh`im{y"mgqbh|mmyh{ndmosy"nyn}seh{lzmck|y/;9'511';09'>591/

Ihqlmy h` sely in{c" h{ sem Y}oyelom Bnt Enockhhf"

ino km hksnlomc k| qehom h{ mgnlb ny nkhpm" h{ ns sem

H`im h sem Hosn{lh Hgk}cygno"

359 Kn| Ys{mms" >1se @bhh{" Yh}se Shtm{"

Sh{hosh" Hosn{lh" G=D ;I

Hishkm{ 91" ;1>;

Sem Ehh}{nkbm Cnpm Bmpni

Yqmnfm{Bmdlybnslpm Nyymgkb|Q{hplim h Hsn{lh

^}mmy Qn{f

Cmn{ G{/ Yqmnfm{"

L ng qbmnymc sh y}kgls g| N}nb [mqh{s h sem th{f h g| Hqm Gmmsld BntMh{imgms Smng %HGBMS, h{ sem qm{lhc h Nq{lb >" ;1>> sh N}d}ys 9>" ;1>;"

q}{y}ns sh ymislh >> h sem Hgk}cygno Nis" yh sens |h} gn| snkbm ls kmh{msem Bmdlybnslpm Nyymgkb|/

\h}{y s{}b|"

Noc{ Gn{lo

Hgk}cygn

Kmbb S{lls| Y~}n{m359 Kn| Ys{mms" >1se @bhh{" Yh}se Shtm{

Sh{hsh" Hsn{lhG=D ;I0'=50'9911Ihgqbnlsy Blm: >'511';09'>591@nu: 3>0'=50'935= SS\: >'500'3>>'3;>>

Tmkylsm: ttt/hgk}cygn/h/in

@nimkhhf: Hsn{lh Hgk}cygnStlssm{: AHsXHgk}cygn


4/41

;1>>';1>; HGBMS Noo}NB [MqH[S

;


5/41

H`im h` sem Hgkcygn

9

Hgk}cygnoy Gmyyndm /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////=Ehbclod sem Chh{y Hqmo ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// =

S{}se noc Ihoym~}moimy//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 5

Eht Tm Th{f///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 1

@nys" @nys [mblm//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>

Temo Tm Lopmysldnsm //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >>

Bnt|m{lod ]q /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >;

N Ienoim sh Ihggmos ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >9

Dmsslod sem Th{c H}s //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >3

@h{ sem [mih{c////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >0

Tnsiechdy Enpm Smmse ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >4

\mn{ lo [mplmt: Semgmy Mgm{dlod `{hg Lopmysldnslhoy

Nq{lb >" ;1>> sh N}d}ys 9>" ;1>;///////////////////////////////////////////>5H}s sh B}oie h{ Ndnloys sem Bnt8 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// >" ;115/

Te| n ymqn{nsm {mqh{s8 Kmin}ym h}{ muqm{lmim" l h}{`se |mn{ h mh{ild sem Y}yelm Bnt" eny yeht

sens ls ibmn{b| cmym{pmy lsy ht yqhsbldes/

Ni{hyy sem q{hplim" tm enpm ymm eht qnyylhnsm

Hsn{lny n{m nkh}s s{nyqn{mi| l seml{ bhinbdhpm{gmsy/ \ms tm enpm ymm n gn{fmc clyqn{ls|kmstmm g}lilqnblslmy l eht sem| lsm{q{ms sem

{}bmy/ Yhgm n{m ys{lisb| niih}snkbm sh seml{ ilslzmync mgk{nim hqmmyy l seml{ hqm{nslhy/ Yhgm n{m

yehifldb| ymi{mslpm" y}yqlilh}y nc {myms}b h sempm{| lcmn sem| in km lpmysldnsmc/ Nc gn| n{m tmbb'lsmslhmc k}s kn`mc k| sem ihgqbmulslmy h sem bnt/

Ls ly slgm sh yelom n ys{hod bldes ho sem q{himyy

lsymb" sh noytm{ qm{ylysmos ~}myslhoy {hg sem

q}kbli noc mbmismc {mq{mymosnslpmy nbb lo sem yql{ls h sem bnt/ Sely {mqh{s q{hplcmyn hqqh{s}ls| sh {mplmt sem ysnsm h sem Y}yelm Bnt l Hsn{lh" sh hi}y h sem

kmys nc th{ys q{nislimy tm enpm hkym{pmc l g}lilqnblslmy" nc sh ibn{l| sem hqmgmmsld {}bmy nc h}{ Himy lpmysldnslpm q{himc}{my/

Ehbclod sem Chh{y Hqmo

Hsn{lhy Y}yelm Bnt mphbpmc ybhtb|/

Ls eny nbtn|y kmm sem bnt l Hsn{lh ylim kmh{m Ihmcm{nslh" l nis h{

g}lilqnblslmy sh ehbc {md}bn{ ih}ilb gmmsldy sens n{m hqm sh sem q}kbli/ Sely{m~}l{mgms tny mpms}nbb| muqncmc sh lib}cm bhinb khn{cy" ny tmbb ny yqmilnb nc

ihgglssmm gmmsldy/

K}s }slb ;115" sem hb| {mih}{ym h{ mh{imgms h sem hqm gmmsld bnt tnyse{h}de sem ih}{sy/ Sely tny hs n {mnblysli hqslh h{ ghys ilslzmy" gmnld g}lilqnb

hilnby tm{m {n{mb| embc sh niih}s l sem| ibhymc gmmsldy sh sem q}kbli lbbmdnbb|/

Ny h Jn}n{| >" ;115" Hsn{lny tm{m nbb| dlpm sem {ldes sh {m~}mys lpmysldnslh

h gmmsldy sem| kmblmpmc plhbnsmc sem hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy h{ g}lilqnbq{himc}{m k|'bnty ny bnlc h}s l sem G}olilqnb Nis" ;11>/*

Sem nis sens tm n{m mpmo ymsslod }q sem ohslhosens sem Hgk}cygno ino bhhf ns g}olilqnblyy}my ly n k{ldes ysmq h{tn{c/ Jheo Dm{{msymo" semo Glolysm{ h` G}olilqnb N``nl{y noc Eh}ylod"

yqmnflod nkh}s ienodlod sem G}olilqnb Nis sh nbbht q}kbli ihgqbnlosy%~}hsmc lo sem Englbsho Yqmisnsh{" J}om ;0" ;110,

Hgk}ygny Gmyyndm

QEHSHK\K[LNoTLBBM[

* Sem Ils| h` Sh{hosh eny sem yngm hqmo gmmslod hkbldnslhoy }ocm{ sem Ils| h` Sh{hosh Nis" ;110/


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0

]cm{ sem Nis" nbb g}lilqnblslmy g}ys enpm n lpmysldnsh{ h{ ihgqbnlsy nkh}s

ibhymc gmmsldy k| cmn}bs" ls ly sem Hgk}cygny Him" k}s sem| in nbyh nqqhlsn lpmysldnsh{ h seml{ iehlim/ L ncclslh sh lpmysldnsld ihgqbnlsy nkh}s Hsn{lhy

=11'qb}y q{hplilnb dhpm{gmsnb h{dnlznslhy" g| Him ly sem lpmysldnsh{ h{ yhgm> h Hsn{lhy 333 g}lilqnblslmy/

]yld h}{ mulysld {myh}{imy" g| Him shhf h sely ncclslhnb {myqhylklbls| k|

mysnkblyeld n smng h lpmysldnsh{y" mn{b| {myhb}slh him{y nc bmdnb ih}ymb senstm inbb sem Hqmo Gmmslod Bnt Moh{imgmos Smng h{ HGBMS/ Sem ngm tny

lsmcmc sh km gmgh{nkbm" dlpm sens n bn{dm qn{s h sem smngy th{f" nylcm {hglpmysldnslhy" lphbpmy {mnield h}s sh g}lilqnb ih}ilbbh{y nc sem q}kbli nc{nlyld ntn{mmyy nkh}s sem Y}yelm Bnt/

Tm enpm {mimlpmc gh{m sen =11 ihgqbnlsy nkh}s g}lilqnb gmmsldy ylim sem ysn{s

h ;115/ H sehym" 9>9 tm{m nkh}s g}lilqnblslmy tem{m tm n{m sem lpmysldnsh{6 sem{mys tm{m {hg g}lilqnblslmy sens enc nqqhlsmc yhgmhm mbym" nc tm{m {mm{{mcniih{cldb|/

Sem dhhc mty ly sens ghys h semym ihgqbnlsy ih}bc km {myhbpmc ~}lifb|" tlseh}s

mmc h{ n }bb lpmysldnslh/ Nc tem{m lpmysldnslhy tm{m tn{{nsmc" l ghys inymytm h}c g}lilqnblslmy tm{m ih{{misb| hbbhtld sem Y}yelm Bnt/ Tem sem| ibhymc

gmmsldy sh sem q}kbli" sem| clc yh hb| l sem n{{ht il{i}gysnimy nbbhtmc }cm{Ymislho ;9< h sem Nis/*

Sem omt bnt ly chlod tens ls tny y}qqhymc sh/Sem{my gh{m dmom{nb ntn{momyy sens qhblslilnoyenpm ch sh seml{ k}ylomyy lo q}kbli" ih}oilbbh{y n{mdmsslod inbbmc ho ls temo sem| chos" noc q{hglymyn{m kmlod gncm sh ch kmssm{ lo sem }s}{m/

Mclsh{lnb" Olndn{n @nbby [mplmt" J}om 4" ;115

Sely {mqh{s ihpm{y h}{ k}ylmys qm{lhc |ms {hg Nq{lb >" ;1>> sh N}d}ys 9>" ;1>;/L sens slgm" tm {mimlpmc >;5 ihgqbnlsy nc h}c 3= plhbnslhy h sem Y}yelm Bnt lib}cld gmmsldy sens yeh}bc hs enpm kmm ibhymc sh sem q}kbli nc }gm{h}y

plhbnslhy h sem G}olilqnb Nis" q{himc}{nb ihs{npmslhy nc qhh{ gmmsldq{nislimy/ Semym {ndmc {hg inymy tem{m ih}ilby lbbmdnbb| phsmc kmelc ibhymc chh{y%l hm inym" sh {nlym seml{ ht ynbn{lmy," h{ tem{m sem| fmqs nbghys h {mih{c h tens

shhf qbnim l ymi{ms/

L ympm{nb hsem{ inymy" L h}c g}lilqnb hilnby ys{n|mc shh ibhym sh sem mcdm h

sem bnt" plhbnsld sem yql{ls h ls" l hs sem bmssm{/ L inymy blfm semym y}ie ny temih}ilbbh{y embc y}yqlilh}y k}s hs lbbmdnb dnsem{ldy hpm{ b}ie h{ k{mnfnys L

hm{mc ihys{}islpm tn{ldy nkh}s nphlcld y}ie hqsliy l }s}{m/ L 93 inymy" Ly}ddmysmc sem g}lilqnbls| gnfm lgq{hpmgmsy k| nchqsld kmys q{nislimy/

* Ysnslysliy noc y}ggn{lmy {mbnslod sh h}{ g}olilqnb lopmysldnslhoy `{hg Jno}n{| >" ;115 sh Gn{ie 9>" ;1>>ino km `h}oc lo sem ih{{myqhoclod Noo}nb [mqh{sy ho h}{ tmkylsm ns: essq:((ttt/hgk}cygno/ho/in([myh}{imy(Noo}nb'[mqh{sy/nyqu[mqh{sy ho loclplc}nb g}olilqnb lopmysldnslhoy n{m ho h}{ tmkylsm }ocm{ G}olilqnb Lopmysldnslhoy:essq:((ttt/hgk}cygno/ho/in(Lopmysldnslhoy(G}olilqnb'Gmmslody(Inymy/nyqu


9/41

H`im h` sem Hgk}cygno

4

Sem lyy}my l semym inymy nc lclplc}nb y}ggn{lmy n{m clyi}yymc l sem Semgmy ncInym Y}ggn{lmy ymislhy h sely {mqh{s/

L nbb h semym inymy" temsem{ sem bnt eny kmm k{mniemc h}s{ldes h{ sem g}lilqnbls|yq{nislimy n{m ylgqb| hs }q sh qn{" L gnfm {mihggmcnslhy nc {m~}l{m sem

g}lilqnbls| sh gnfm semg q}kbli/ Sem hi}y ly hs h bn|ld kbngm k}s hlgq{hpld bhinb dhpm{gms s{nyqn{mi| k| my}{ld sem bnt ly kmld }qembc nc{mihggmcld kmys q{nislimy/

G| hpm{nbb lgq{myylh" glctn| se{h}de h}{ `se |mn{ h chld sely th{f" ly {nfb| glumc/

L kmblmpm sem Y}yelm Bnt tny n yldlins ysmq shtn{c menild sem i{mclklbls| hnc q}kbli ihcmim l g}lilqnb dhpm{gmsy/ Kbnsns plhbnslhy h sem bnt n{m{mbnslpmb| {n{m/ K}s g}lilqnb {myqhymy sh ihgqbnlsy nc lpmysldnslhy pn{| {hg

ils| sh ils| nc sht sh sht/ Ih}ylh nghd ih}ilbbh{y nkh}s sem cmlslh h ngmmsld ly yslbb tlcmyq{mnc/

Sem{m ly yslbb n d{mns cmnb h th{f nc mc}inslh sh km chm" nc L ehqm sely {mqh{sembqy gmms sens mmc/


10/41


5

S{}se noc Ihoym~}moimy

Hm h sem ghys gly}cm{yshhc nyqmisy h h}{ Y}yelm Bnt ly sem ihym~}mim hk{mnfld ls h{ bnif sem{mh/ L sely {myqmis" Hsn{lh bndy kmelc j}{lyclislhy l sem

]/Y/" tehym Y}yelm Bnty n{m bhd mysnkblyemc" nc g}ie sh}dem{/

Ny h{gm{ ]lsmc Ysnsmy Y}q{mgm Ih}{s J}yslim Bh}ly K{ncmly him hkym{pmc"Y}obldes ly sem kmys clylomisnos/ L yhgm ysnsmy" sem ih}{sy in bmp| y}kysnslnb

qmnbslmy tem gmmsldy n{m ibhymc lbbmdnbb|/ L N{lzhn nc Lhtn" plhbnslhy hhqm gmmsld bnty gn| {my}bs l my ndnlys sem {myqhylkbm hilnby" ny tmbb ny

{mghpnb {hg him/ L Lbblhly" plhbnslh h hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy ly n i{lglnbglycmgmnh{" in{{|ld n gnulg}g 91 cn|y lgq{lyhgms nc(h{ n m h #>"=11/

Hsn{lh eny h y}ie qmnbs|/ Ny n ibhymc gmmsld lpmysldnsh{" L ng {mys{lismc sh

{mqh{sld sem {my}bsy h g| lpmysldnslhy sh sem g}lilqnbls|" bhinb khn{c h{ ihgglssmmns lyy}m" nc gnfld {mihggmcnslhy sh {mc{myy ihim{y L lcmsl|/ %Sem yngm ly

s{}m h{ hsem{ lpmysldnsh{y sens g}lilqnblslmy gldes nqqhls l blm} h g| Him/,

G}lilqnb hilnby n{m {mm sh niimqs h{ {mjmis g| {mihggmcnslhy/ G| hb| qhtm{

{mgnly sem qhtm{ h gh{nb y}nylh/ G}lilqnblslmy n{m {m~}l{mc sh gnfm g| {mqh{synpnlbnkbm sh sem q}kbli" nc mbmismc hilnby g}ys }bslgnsmb| nytm{ sh phsm{y h{ seml{ihc}is/

Ltlye sem bmdlybnslho enc dhom n blssbm }{sem{ nocq}s lo yhgm qmonbslmy Vh{ qhblslilnoy teh k{mnfsem bntW/

In{hblom Cl Ihiih" semo GQQ `h{ Yn{oln'Bngksho %B," teh q{hqhymcsem q{lpnsm gmgkm{y klbb ho hqmo gmmslody sens tny qn{sb| nchqsmc losh

sem G}olilqnb Nis ihgqbnlosy y|ysmg" ~}hsmc lo Bhocho @{mm Q{myy"Jno}n{| 5" ;114

Sem mmislpmmyy h g| {mihggmcnslhy {mysy bn{dmb| l sem tlbbldmyy h g}lilqnbhilnby sh mgk{nim sem q{lilqbmy h hqmmyy" s{nyqn{mi| nc niih}snklbls|

{m`mismc l sem Y}yelm Bnt/

Yhgm enpm }bb| ih'hqm{nsmc tlse h}{ ibhymc gmmsld lpmysldnslhy" }ymc semg ny

bmn{ld hqqh{s}lslmy" nc lgq{hpmc seml{ q{nislimy/ Sem Shto h Ngem{ysk}{d ly ndhhc mungqbm/ Nsm{ L lyy}mc g| {mqh{s Kmeloc Ibhymc Chh{yl Cmimgkm{ ;1>> ltelie L ihib}cmc Ngem{ysk}{d ih}ilb enc {mqmnsmcb| ihs{npmmc sem bnt sem

sht lih{qh{nsmc g| {mihggmcnslhy lsh n mt qhbli| h{ ibhymc gmmsldy/

Ls tny nbtn|y h}{ losmoslho sh ihgqb| tlse semNis/ S{noyqn{moi| noc ihgqblnoim ly yhgmselodtm s{| sh ch/ Tmbb nssmgqs sh ch n kmssm{ jhk/

Gn|h{ Tn|om E}{ys" Shto h` Ngem{ysk}{d" ~}hsmc lo Tlocyh{ Ysn{"Jno}n{| >>" ;1>;


11/41


1 h lsy >9 gmgkm{y {m}ymc shkm lsm{plmtmc l h}{ J}m ;1>; lpmysldnslh/

Eht Tm Th{fGhys h sem g}lilqnblslmy tm enpm cmnbs tlse ylim ;115 enpm nqq{milnsmc sens h}{Him eny ys{nldesh{tn{c" i{mclkbm q{himc}{my sens ihgm tlse 94 |mn{y h muqm{lmiml hpm{ymmld sem pnys q{hplilnb dhpm{gms/ Ympm{nb h sehym sens h{ldlnbb| hqsmc

h}s h }yld h}{ Him ny seml{ lpmysldnsh{ nis}nbb| {mpm{ymc sens iehlim" {mihdlzldsens h}{ ym{plimy n{m {mm" nys nc mmislpm/

@h{ sehym teh gn| km }nglbln{ tlse eht tm th{f" n k{lm {mplmt ly l h{cm{/

Ny n Him{ h sem Hsn{lh Bmdlybns}{m" L ng lcmqmcms h dhpm{gms/ G|

qhtm{y n{m yms h}s l sem Hgk}cygno Nis/ Tm hbbht knyli q{lilqbmy h niimyylklbls|"ihcmslnbls|" lgqn{slnbls| nc lpmysldnslh sens n{m ncem{mc sh k| hgk}cygmn{h}c sem th{bc/ Sem ym{plimy tm q{hplcm n{m {mm h ien{dm sh nbb ihgqbnlnsy nc

g}lilqnblslmy/

Noc{ Gn{loy h`im eny q{hpmo mus{mgmb|mmislpm ns lopmysldnslod lyy}my hgnbncglolys{nslho lo dhpm{ogmos" ndmoilmy"khn{cy noc ihgglyylhoy Kmys h nbb" semHgk}cygno chmy ohs ien{dm no noo}nb {msnlom{"h{ n cnlb| mm" h{ muqmoymy/

Mclsh{lnb" Yn}bs Ysn{" Ohpmgkm{ ;5" ;114

Se{h}deh}s g| slgm ny Hgk}cygn %L tny nqqhlsmc l ;11= nc {mnqqhlsmc l

;1>1 h{ n ymihc pm'|mn{ sm{g," sem q{hplilnb dhpm{gms eny hpm{tembgldb|nchqsmc nc lgqbmgmsmc g| {mihggmcnslhy nc tm enpm {mimlpmc muimbbms ih'

hqm{nslh {hg sem g|{lnc Hsn{lh ndmilmy tm enpm lpmysldnsmc/

Sem yngm eny kmm s{}m h ghys g}lilqnblslmy/ Ehtmpm{" l yhgm inymy" HGBMS ysnnc L enpm {} lsh {mylysnim {hg g}lilqnb ih}ilbbh{y" gn|h{y" ibm{fy nc yhblilsh{y

teh enpm ~}myslhmc h}{ bhdslgm q{nislimy" nc tm enpm nimc q{hs{nismc bmdnbqhys}{ld nc t{ndbld l tens yeh}bc km ys{nldesh{tn{c lpmysldnslhy/

K| ibn{l|ld q}kblib| eht tm ch seldy" L ehqm sely {mqh{s in embq ys{mngblm semq{himyy h{ nbb ihim{mc/


12/41


>1

@{mm noc Ihocmoslnb

N|hm in ihgqbnl sh sem Hgk}cygn nkh}s n q{hplilnb ym{plim h{ n ibhymc

g}lilqnb gmmsld/ Sem{m ly h ien{dm sh ihgqbnl" kmin}ym sem{m yeh}bc km hkn{{lm{ sh clyih}{ndm ihgqbnlnsy/ H}{ ym{plimy n{m {mm sh nbb ihgqbnlnsy noc sh nbbg}lilqnblslmy/

L sely" tm ysnc l ihs{nys sh sem lpmysldnsh{y el{mc k| yhgm g}lilqnblslmy" tehien{dm n {msnlm{ nc eh}{b| mm h{ lpmysldnslhy %}qtn{cy h#>01 qm{ eh}{,/

Sem Hgk}cygno chmyos ihys no| ghom|/

VBhinb N}seh{ls| Ym{plimyW tlbb ihys #>";=1 qm{cn| Sely ly blfm el{lod n ihoy}bsnos temo |h}chos ommc n ihoy}bsnos/

D}osm{ Om}gnoo" semo ih}oilbbh{ `h{ sem Shto h` Gmn`h{c" ~}hsmc loGmn`h{c Muq{myy" Ohpmgkm{ ;


13/41


>>

Lcmmc" semym ih}ilbbh{y clyqn{ndld {mgn{fy hb| ym{pm sh {mlh{im sem mmc h{

q{hsmisld ihgqbnlnsy lcmslslmy" yh h hm ly cmsm{{mc {hg ihgld h{tn{c ncseml{ ghslpmy n{m hs q}kblib| gnbldmc/

@nys" @nys [mblm`

Temmpm{ qhyylkbm temsem{ lsy n ihgqbnls nkh}s n q{hplilnb ndmi| h{ n ibhymcg}lilqnb gmmsld tm s{| sh {myhbpm gnssm{y se{h}de q{mblgln{| nis'dnsem{ld ncihgg}linslh tlse sem qmhqbm lphbpmc" tlseh}s {myh{sld sh n h{gnb lpmysldnslh

nc sem }bb {ndm h h}{ qhtm{y/

HGBMS ly h muimqslh sem smng {myhbpmc =1- h nbb ihgqbnlsy tlsel sth ghosey

l g}lilqnblslmy tem{m sem Hgk}cygn ly sem lpmysldnsh{/

^}lif {myhb}slh h n ihgqbnls kmmsy mpm{|hm/ Ls ly qn{s h eht nbb hgk}cygmhqm{nsm" nc ly hpm{tembgldb| tmbihgmc k| sem q{hplilnb h{dnlznslhy ncg}lilqnblslmy tm hpm{ymm/

Ltny ~}lsm ngnzmc eht ~}lifb| Vsem Hgk}cygnoyWysn ih}bc d{nyq sem ihgqbmuls| h sem y}kjmis/ Gn|h{ [n| Glbbn{" Slo| Shtoyelq" ~}hsm lo Glcbnoc @{mm Q{myy"

Cmimgkm{ ;;" sem Ils| h Englbsho hqqhymc

sely nqq{hnie nsm{ tm {myhbpmc sth inymy se{h}de lh{gnb ihsnis tlse ils| hilnby/Sem ils|y sem yhblilsh{ i{lslilzmc sely q{nislim l n q}kblyemc {mqh{s" cmyqlsm lsy

cmghys{nsmc milmi|/ L {mgnl ehqm}b sens ilslmy tlbb nqq{milnsm l }s}{m sens"tem{m tn{{nsmc" mn{b| inym {myhb}slh in km n muqmclslh}y" h'ncpm{yn{lnb ncihys'mmislpm q{himyy/

Temo Tm Lopmysldnsm

L g| Him bn}iemy n h{gnb lpmysldnslh h n ibhymc gmmsld ihgqbnls" ls ly kmin}ymtm enpm {mplmtmc sem lyy}m nc npnlbnkbm nisy" nc cmsm{glmc sens n }bb l~}l{| ly

mimyyn{| sh my}{m sens sem g}lilqnbls| eny ihgqblmc tlse sem bnt/ Sem ihgqbnlnsyn{m hs nh|gh}y seml{ lcmslslmy n{m fht sh h}{ him k}s q{hsmismc/

ohs nbb ihgqbnlsy {my}bs l n }bb lpmysldnslh6 lo nis" mt ch/ Tm enpm clyi{mslh hssh lpmysldnsm tem tm ihylcm{ ls }mimyyn{| h{ lgq{hqm{" lib}cld l tm cmsm{glmsens n ihgqbnls ly {lphbh}y h{ pmunslh}y/

Tem tm ch lpmysldnsm" ls ly nsm{ n seh{h}de {mplmt sh cmsm{glm sens sem lyy}m lyym{lh}y/ Nc nbseh}de gn| HGBMS lpmysldnslhy }bslgnsmb| ch hs c n| plhbnslh

h sem Y}yelm Bnt" sens chmy hs gmn sem ihgqbnlsy bnifmc gm{ls h{ sens semlpmysldnslhy tm{m hs j}yslmc/ L nis" gn| y}ie lpmysldnslhy enpm q{hpm sh kmpm{| ihys{}islpm" }ihpm{ld bmyy'sen'kmys q{nislimy sens g}lilqnblslmy tlbbldb|

lgq{hpmc/


14/41


>;

L

s yehty sens yhgmhom ly tnsielod/ Sem yngm

hbc oh bhodm{ nqqblmy/ Loclplc}nby tlbb kmfmmqlod qhblslilnoy ehomys/

Qn}b Smsbm|" {mylcmosy nyyhilnslho q{mylcmos" ~}hsmc loEnglbsho Ihgg}ols| Omty" @mk{}n{| ;9" ;1>;

H}{ lpmysldnslhy n{m mplcmim'knymc/ Tm {mplmt n| {mih{c" hslim h{

chi}gmsnslh {mbnsld sh sem ibhymc gmmsld l ~}myslh" nbhd tlse semg}lilqnbls|y q{himc}{m k|'bnt/ Tm lsm{plmt sehym teh tm{m q{myms sh cmsm{glm

munisb| tens tny ynlc kmelc ibhymc chh{y nc temsem{ h{ hs sem gmmsld mbb tlselsem mumgqslhy h}sblmc l sem G}olilqnb Nis/ H}{ lpmysldnsh{y n{m muqm{lmimc ncq{hmyylhnb" nc g| cldy n{m knymc q}{mb| h sem nisy sens n{m dnsem{mc l sely

q{himyy/

Bnt|m{lod ]q

Cmyqlsm sem bnif h qmnbslmy h{ bmdnb ihym~}mimy h{ plhbnsld sem Y}yelm Bnt"

yhgm g}lilqnb hilnby enpm ymmgmc cmsm{glmc sh plmt h}{ HGBMS lpmysldnslhyny ncpm{yn{lnb l ns}{m/ L ympm{nb inymy" ih}ilbbh{y {m`mulpmb| lylysmc sens sem|th}bc hs km lsm{plmtmc h{ h}{ lpmysldnslhy tlseh}s seml{ ht bnt|m{ q{myms/

Sem| nc l yhgm inymy" g}lilqnb bnt|m{y nchqsmc n nsndhlysli ysnim" se{mt}q nbb yh{sy h smielinb {hnckbhify" nc ybhtmc lpmysldnslhy sh n dbnilnb qnim/

L Nq{lb ;1>;" Ils| h Bhocho" Hos/ ih}ilb tms yh n{ ny sh nqq{hpm {mlgk}{ymgmsh n| bmdnb mmy qnlc k| ih}ilbbh{y teh yh}des bmdnb {mq{mymsnslh c}{ld h}{lsm{plmty nkh}s seml{ b}ie gmmsld nbseh}de l sem mc" hm shhf }q sely hm{/

Hm" ehtmpm{" q}kblib| blfmmc sem lpmysldnslh muqm{lmim sh kmld l n qhblimysnsm/

G| lpmysldnslhy n{m hs ncpm{yn{lnb h{ q{hymi}sh{lnb/ Sem| n{m ylgqb| nis'cldmum{ilymy/ Ls ly ihgqbmsmb| }oomimyyn{| h{ tlsomyymy sh km {mq{mymosmc k| bnt|m{y

c}{lod Hgk}cygno lopmysldnslhoy/ Tm ch e}c{mcy h lsm{plmty l q{hplilnblpmysldnslhy mnie |mn{ tlse h bnt|m{y q{myms/ Sem{m ly h {ldes sh n bnt|m{ l y}ieil{i}gysnimy" ny sem tlsmyy ly mpm{ cmsnlmc h{ nild n{{mys/ Sem{m ly h lclplc}nb

lsm{mys ns ysnfm sens th}bc tn{{ns bmdnb {mq{mymsnslh/

Sem sem{m ly sem ~}myslh h sem g}lilqnbls|y ht bnt|m{/ L h}{ lpmysldnslh hympm{nb ibhymc gmmsldy k| ih}ilb h{ sem Ils| h D{mnsm{ Y}ck}{| l bnsm ;1>>" nbb

ih}ilb gmgkm{y llslnbb| nyfmc sens sem ils| yhblilsh{ km q{myms l seml{ lsm{plmty sh{mq{myms semg/ Tm clc hs nbbht sely h{ dhhc {mnyh/

]cm{ sem Hgk}cygno Nis" g| lpmysldnslhy g}ys km in{{lmc h}s l q{lpnsm/

Ihylysms tlse h}{ Nis" nc l h{cm{ sh q{hsmis sem lsmd{ls| h h}{ q{himyy" tm chhs qm{gls g}lilqnb {mq{mymsnslpmy" lib}cld bmdnb ih}ymb nisld h kmenb h n

g}lilqnbls|" sh km q{myms c}{ld h}{ tlsmyy lsm{plmty/


15/41


>9

H}{ lsm{plmt q{nislim mih}{ndmy tlsmyymy" lib}cld sehym tlyeld sh kbht

sem telysbm h ~}myslhnkbm ibhymc gmmsldy" sh km inclc nc hqm tlse h}{lpmysldnsh{y" nc nbyh gllglzmy sem qhsmslnb h{ h}sylcm l`}mim h smyslgh|"

temsem{ ihyilh}yb| h{ }ihyilh}yb|/ N ils| yhblilsh{ q{myms ns y}ie n lsm{plmtth}bc km ih`lismc }nkbm sh {mq{myms khse sem lclplc}nby lsm{mysy nc sem ils|ylsm{mysy/

L sem Y}ck}{| inym" cmyqlsm kmld {mqmnsmcb| ncplymc nkh}s sely q{nislim" hb|se{mm h sem >9 ih}ilb gmgkm{y nc sem ils| ibm{f nd{mmc sh km lsm{plmtmc6 sem {mys

{m}ymc sh q{himmc tlseh}s sem ils|y yhblilsh{/ Ls tny sem th{ys nlb}{m sh ih'hqm{nsm Lenpm ymm/

Lsy {lcli}bh}y sh k{lod bnt|m{y sh noHgk}cygnoy lopmysldnslho" ny Gn{lo hkym{pmc/Ely h`im chmy ohs n{{mys h{ ien{dm qmhqbm" oh{chmy ls q{hymi}sm no|hom/ Lo y}ie n inym" Gn{loylgqb| ihoib}cmy temsem{ n gmmslod yeh}bc enpmkmmo embc lo q}kbli/ Te| th}bc sem ils| ommc shslm }q lsy bnt|m{y h{ y}ie n ylgqbm q{himc}{m8

K{lno GniBmhc" Y}ck}{| Ysn{" Ymqsmgkm{ >" ;1>;

@h{s}nsmb|" ghys g}lilqnblslmy enpm ih'hqm{nsmc }bb| tlse }y ylim ;115/ Yhgmenpm mpm yen{mc gnsm{lnb tlse }y sens tny y}kjmis sh yhblilsh{'iblms q{lplbmdm

mpm seh}de sem| n{m mslsbmc hs sh kmin}ym sem| {mnblzmc ls tny l sem q}kblilsm{mys" nc sem{m tny h {lyf h lgq{hqm{ clyibhy}{m/ G| ysn nc L n{m kh}c k|sem Hgk}cygno Nissh fmmq y}ie lh{gnslh ihcmslnb/ Tm n{m blsm{nbb| yth{

sh ymi{mi|/ L tm {mplmt n ibhymc gmmsld tem{m bmdnb ncplim tny {mcm{mc" semq{lplbmdmc lh{gnslh lsymb tlbb hs km {mbmnymc/ Tm ylgqb| {mqh{s sens tm {mplmtmcsem lh{gnslh nc ihib}cmc sens sem ibhymc gmmsld tny h{ tny hs

q{hqm{b| embc/

N Ienoim sh Ihggmos

Ihylysms tlse sem Hgk}cygno Nis" tem L lyy}m n {mqh{s h n lpmysldnslh"g| Him dlpmy {mbmpns hilnby n hqqh{s}ls| sh {mplmt nc ihggms h g|q{mblgln{| cldy" ihib}ylhy nc {mihggmcnslhy kmh{m sem {mqh{s ly nblzmc

nc gncm q}kbli/ Sely dhmy h{ HGBMS lpmysldnslhy ny tmbb/

Q{lh{ sh {mimlpld n ihq| h n q{mblgln{| {mqh{s" hilnby g}ys yld n qbmcdm sh my}{m

sem ihcmslnbls| nc lsmd{ls| h h}{ lpmysldnslpm q{himyy ly q{mym{pmc/ Sem| g}ys

fmmq sem {mqh{s ihcmslnb nc ls gn| hb| km plmtmc nc clyi}yymc nghdys hsem{yteh enpm yldmc sem }cm{snfld/ Sem q{mblgln{| {mqh{s {mgnly sem q{hqm{s| h g|

Him" inhs km ihqlmc nc g}ys km {ms}{mc k| n yms cnsm/


16/41


>3

Sely q{himyy my}{my sem ihcmslnbls| q{hplylhy h sem Hgk}cygno Nis

n{m {myqmismc" telbm ns sem yngm slgm nbbhtld sem h{dnlznslh sens eny kmmlpmysldnsmc n hqqh{s}ls| sh ihggms h sem q{mblgln{| c{ns kmh{m n nb {mqh{s

ly {mbmnymc/

Nbseh}de e}c{mcy h q{hplilnb h{dnlznslhy nc ghys g}lilqnblslmy enpm ench lyy}m tlse sely q{himyy" yhgm g}lilqnb hilnby enpm cmiblmc sh niimqs g|

q{mblgln{| {mqh{sy h ibhymc gmmsldy kmin}ym h smielinb q{himc}{nb ihim{y/N mt enpm {mylysmc knymc h seml{ %h{ seml{ bnt|m{y, lsm{q{msnslh h niimyy'sh'

lh{gnslh {m~}l{mgmsy/ G| qhylslh h semym gnssm{y tny yms h}s l g| Nq{lb ;11; HGBMS Noo}NB [MqH[S

>0

@h{ sem [mih{c

G}lilqnblslmy ih}bc nbyh mgk{nim smiehbhd| sh ys{mngblm sem msl{m ibhymc gmmsldlpmysldnslpm q{himyy k| ylgqb| gnfld n}clh h{ plcmh {mih{cldy h ibhymc gmmsldy/

Sem G}olilqnb Nisysnsmy sens ih}ilby" ihgglssmmy nc bhinb khn{cy yenbb {mih{csem q{himmcldy/ S{nclslhnbb|" sely eny kmm chm se{h}de t{lssm gl}smy/ Hpm{sem qnys h}{ |mn{y" L enpm h}c g}lilqnb {mih{c'fmmqld sh km hm h sem klddmys

lgqmclgmsy sh ~}lif nc seh{h}de lpmysldnslhy/ Sem{m ly h ihylysmi| l {mih{c'fmmqld q{nislimy ni{hyy sem q{hplim ls pn{lmy {hg dhhc sh knc sh h'mulysms"

cmqmcld h sem ils|" sht h{ plbbndm/

Yhgm Hsn{lh g}lilqnblslmy ch n}clh h{ plcmh {mih{c seml{ hqm gmmsldy"nc(h{ enpm semg k{hncinys q}kblib|/ Sely nqq{hnie embqy sh my}{m sens sem{m ly n

ibmn{" ihgq{memylpm nc niimyylkbm gmmsld {mih{c/ Ehtmpm{" tem gmmsldy n{mibhymc" nbb shh hsm tm enpm hb| yins nc i{|qsli gl}smy sh th{f tlse/ L gn|

g}lilqnblslmy" sem ibm{f ly bms yi{lkkbld {nchg hsmy/ L yhgm" h hilnb ibhymcgmmsld gl}smy n{m mpm {msnlmc/

Sely gmny HGBMS lpmysldnsh{y n{m {md}bn{b| h{imc sh y}kjmis ih}ilbbh{y shmusmylpm lsm{plmty" nc sem sh qlmim shdmsem{ seml{ hsm ih`lisld"lihgqbmsm nc }im{snl {mihbbmislhy h tens tms h kmelc ibhymc chh{y/

Ls ly slgm'ihy}gld" nc hsm mmcbmyyb| yh/

N}clh h{ plcmh {mih{clod h ih}oilb gmmslody yeh}bc km {h}slom ohs j}ys sem

hqmo ymyylhoy" k}s sem ibhymc homy shh/ Sely th}bc nyylys lggmny}{nkb| l my}{ldhilnby ch hs ys{n| {hg sem bmdnb {m~}l{mgmsy him sem| {ms{mns kmelc ibhymcchh{y" nc th}bc q{hplcm n ibmn{" niimyylkbm {mih{c h{ lpmysldnsh{y sh {mplmt/ Gn|

lpmysldnslhy th}bc snfm h bhdm{ sen sem slgm mmcmc sh {mplmt sem {mih{cld nc n d{mns cmnb mtm{ lsm{plmty th}bc km {m~}l{mc/

L tm enpm no n}clh {mih{clod" ls q{hplcmy ns{noyi{lqs sens ino {mgnlo ho `bm noc ylgqb| kmenocmc sh sem Hgk}cygno l sem{m ly no lopmysldnslho/L selof sely q{hplcmy h{ loi{mclkbm s{noyqn{moi|/

Bh}lym Qn{fmy" semo ih}oilbbh{ `h{ sem Ils| h` Hyentn" ~}hsmc loHyentn Sely Tmmf" Gn{ie >>" ;1>;

Lselof lsy n k{lbblnos lcmn/ Ils| h` Englbsho Ih}oilbbh{ Yng Gm{}bbn" ~}hsmc loEnglbsho Yqmisnsh{" @mk{}n{| ;3" ;1>;

Sely ly n{ {hg n hpmb lcmn/ Ympm{nb ]/Y/ g}lilqnblslmy {m~}l{m n}clh h{ plcmh{mih{cld h ibhymc gmmsldy" nc hsem{ j}{lyclislhy enpm iehym sh ch ls sh menimsem niih}snklbls| nc s{nyqn{mi| h seml{ q{himmcldy/ @h{ mungqbm" l Lbblhly" nbb

q}kbli khclmy g}ys gnfm {mih{cldy h nbb gmmsldy6 l Lhtn" ibhymc ymyylhy g}ys kmn}clh'{mih{cmc6 nc l ompncn" q}kbli khclmy g}ys {mih{c n}clh h hqm nc ibhymc

gmmsldy h{ }ym n ih}{s ysmhd{nqem{ sh s{nyi{lkm sem q{himmcldy/


19/41


>4

Y}ie n q{nislim ly l sem lsm{mys h nbb h Hsn{lhy g}lilqnblslmy/ Ls th}bc cmghys{nsm

sem| n{m ihcms sem| n{m hbbhtld sem {}bmy" nc th}bc lyql{m ihgg}ls| s{}ys lsem s{nyqn{mi| nc niih}snklbls| h bhinb dhpm{gms/ Ls th}bc nbyh ynpm slgm nc

{myh}{imy h{ nbb h }y/

L mih}{ndm nbb g}lilqnblslmy sh kmdl n}clh h{ plcmh {mih{cld ibhymc gmmsldy/ Ltlbb ihsl}m sh ghlsh{ g}lilqnb {mih{c'fmmqld q{nislimy ibhymb|" nc l sem| ch hs

lgq{hpm" L tlbb ihylcm{ {mihggmcld sens sem Hsn{lh dhpm{gms gnfm bmdlybnslpmiendmy sh {m~}l{m ls/

Tnsiechdy Enpm Smmse

Temsem{ g| lpmysldnslh ly q{hplilnb h{ g}lilqnb" sem bnys th{c nbtn|y {mgnly

tlse sem khc| }cm{ lpmysldnslh/ L inhs mh{im sem lgqbmgmsnslh h g|{mihggmcnslhy/ L g}lilqnb inymy" ih}oilby {mldo y}q{mgm/

ohs hb| in sem| iehhym hs sh lgqbmgms g| {mihggmcnslhy" sem| %}blfmq{hplilnb khclmy, in mpm iehhym hs sh enpm gm ny seml{ tnsiechd/

Ehtmpm{" sem| inhs hqs h}s h sem Y}yelm Bnt/ Sem q}kbli eny sem {ldes shihgqbnl nkh}s ibhymc gmmsldy" nc g}lilqnblslmy g}ys my}{m sehym ihgqbnlsy n{mlpmysldnsmc/ Sem| inoohs hqs h}s h niih}osnklbls|/

Tensy gh{m" l sem| iehhym sh enpm sem Hgk}cygny Him ny seml{ lpmysldnsh{"kmmsld {hg h}{ q{hpm {mih{c ny {mm" nys nc i{mclkbm" sem| inhs hqs h}s

h h}{ q{himyy/ Blfm sem seh}yncy h q{hplilnb hilnby tm hpm{ymm" sem| g}ysih'hqm{nsm tlse g| lpmysldnslhy" ny {m~}l{mc k| sem Hgk}cygno Nis/ Sem| inhshqs h}s h ih'hqm{nsld/

Nc telbm sem G}olilqnb Nisin{{lmy h qmnbs|" sem Hgk}cygno Nischmy/ @nlb}{m shihgqb| tlse g| bnt}b {m~}l{mgmsy ly n q{hplilnb hmim" q}lyenkbm k| n m h

}q sh #=11 nc(h{ lgq{lyhgms h{ }q sh se{mm ghsey/ L 94 |mn{y" sem{m eny mpm{kmm n q{hymi}slh }cm{ sely q{hplylh/ L enpm mpm{ mum{ilymc g| n}seh{ls| sh bn|ien{dmy l {myqhym sh bnif h ih'hqm{nslh" nc L th}bc q{mm{ hs sh ch yh/ K}s L ngq{mqn{mc sh }ym nbb npnlbnkbm gmnoy sh moy}{m ih'hqm{nslho tlse g| lopmysldnslpm

q{himyy lo }s}{m" sh q{mym{pm lsy losmd{ls| noc }qehbc sem bnt/

Ny Hgk}cygn" g| lsm{mys ly sem q}kbli lsm{mys my}{ld sens g}lilqnblslmy{myqmis sem bnt/ G}lilqnb hilnby g}ys }cm{ysnc sens sem lpmysldnslh h q}kbliihgqbnlsy nkh}s seml{ gmmsldy ly qn{s h sem {myqhylklbls| sens ihgmy tlse seml{

qhylslhy l bhinb dhpm{gms/

Hsn{lny muqmis nbb gmgkm{y h bhinb ih}ilby" khn{cy nc ihgglssmmy" ny tmbb ny

g}lilqnb ysn nc yhblilsh{y" sh gnfm sem Y}yelm Bnt q{hplylhy h sem G}olilqnbNisth{f/ Sely in hb| enqqm se{h}de ihylysms" {ldh{h}y ncem{mim sh semq{lilqbmy h hqmmyy" s{nyqn{mi| nc niih}snklbls|/

Noc{ Gn{lo eny cmblkm{nsmb| noc gmsehclinbb|losm{q{msmc sem Nis lo n gnoom{ tem{m tm{mdhlod sh km hqmo noc s{noyqn{mos/

Ih}oilbbh{ K{nc Ibn{f" Ils| h` Englbsho" ~}hsmc lo Englbsho Yqmisnsh{"Jno}n{| >9" ;1>;


20/41


>5

Ny h N}d}ys 9>" ;1>;" sem Hgk}cygn ly sem ibhymc gmmsld lpmysldnsh{ h{> hHsn{lhy 333 g}lilqnblslmy/

L sem slgm qm{lhc ihpm{mc k| sely {mqh{s" h}{ Him {mimlpmc >4; ibhymc gmmsldihgqbnlsy/ H sehym" >;5 tm{m nkh}s g}lilqnblslmy tem{m sem Hgk}cygn ly semlpmysldnsh{ %sem {mys tm{m {mm{{mc niih{cldb|,/

Sem Hgk}cygn cmyldnsmy sem Hqm Gmmsld Bnt Mh{imgms Smng %HGBMS, sh

{mplmt nc lpmysldnsm ibhymc gmmsld ihgqbnlsy/ HGBMS gmgkm{y nbyh mdndm lmc}insld sem q}kbli nc g}lilqnblslmy nkh}s hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy/

L lpmysldnsld yh gn| ihgqbnlsy" tm c sens ihggh semgmy mgm{dm" hsm

lclinsld tlcm{ q{hkbmgy tlse ih}ilby `h}sld h{ gm{mb| glylsm{q{msld sem bnt/Em{m n{m sem gnl semgmy h h}{ lpmysldnslhy l ;1>>';1>;/ Lclplc}nb inymy n{mclyi}yymc l sem Inym Y}ggn{lmy ymislh h sely {mqh{s/

\mn{ l [mplmtSemgmy Mgm{dld `{hg Lpmysldnslhy

N{lb >" ;1>> sh N}d}ys 9>" ;1>;


21/41


>; HGBMS Noo}NB [MqH[S

;;

Qm{yhonb gnssm{y nkh}s no lcmoslnkbm loclplc}nb

Tm enpm enc gn| ihgqbnlsy nkh}s gmmsldy sens tm{m ibhymc }cm{ sely muimqslh"

mpm seh}de yqmili lclplc}nby h{ qm{yhnb lyy}my tm{m hs ncc{myymc/

Hm ys{lfld mungqbm tny l @mk{}n{| ;1>;" tem sem ih}ilb h{ sem Shtoyelq hBmmcy noc sem Seh}ynoc Lybnocy t{hdb| nssmgqsmc sh yelmbc clyi}yylh h n 01-

qn| elfm h{ semgymbpmy }cm{ sely muimqslh/ Sem gmmsld ibmn{b| lphbpmc ih}ilbgmgkm{y l seml{ q{hmyylhnb inqnils|" hs qm{yhnb gnssm{y/

Sem Ils| h Englbsho ih}ilb lgq{hqm{b| }ymc sem muimqslh l J}m ;1>> sh j}ysl|ihylcm{nslh h lyy}my {mbnsld sh sem clyyhb}slh h sem Englbsh Msm{snlgms

Ihpmslh @nilblslmy Li/ oh khn{c gmgkm{y h{ mgqbh|mmy tm{m lcmslmc h{clyi}yymc nc hseld h n qm{yhnb ns}{m nqqmn{mc sh km lphbpmc/ Sem Ils|

Yhblilsh{ bnsm{ lclinsmc sens ih}ilb enc ihylcm{mc ncplim y}kjmis sh yhblilsh{'iblmsq{lplbmdm/ Yslbb" sely tny hs sem {mnyh ih}ilb ilsmc h{ ibhyld sem gmmsld/

Sem Shto h Glcbnoc ih}ilb embc ibhymc k}cdms gmmsldy l Cmimgkm{ ;1>>

sens qhsmslnbb| nmismc {mnclb| lcmslnkbm lclplc}nby nc se}y ingm tlsel selymuimqslh/ K}s ih}ilb tms h sh clyi}yy hsem{ seldy ns sem ibhymc gmmsld" telietny lgq{hqm{/

Ih}ilb h{ sem Shtoyelq h Sem Oh{se Yeh{m nbyh gly}ymc sely qm{yhnb gnssm{ymuimqslh l Jn}n{| ;1>; sh ibhym n gmmsld sh clyi}yy q}kblib| niimyylkbm

lh{gnslh nkh}s sem }gkm{ h tnsm{ pnbpmy h pn{lh}y q{hqm{slmy/

Mc}inslho h{ s{nlolod

Sely muimqslh ly hsm gly}cm{yshhc h{ shh k{hncb| nqqblmc g}bslqbm slgmy" lsem inym h ih}ilb h{ sem Shto h Ngem{ysk}{d/ L ely Cmimgkm{ ;1>> {mqh{s" semHgk}cygn h}c sem sht }ymc mc}inslh h{ s{nlld sh j}ysl| ibhyld gmmsldy

sh clyi}yy y}ie lsmgy ny ys{nsmdli qbnld" sem hilnb qbn nc zhld k|'bnt" ncknif`ht q{mpmslh" mpm seh}de sem clyi}yylh tms km|hc sem lsms h semmuimqslh nc lib}cmc ihylcm{nslh h yqmili k}ylmyy/

L Jn}n{| ;1>;" ih}ilb h{ sem Shto h Glcbnoc }ymc sely muimqslh sh ibhym

n gmmsld tem{m }gm{h}y lsmgy h ih}ilb k}ylmyy tm{m clyi}yymc l nis"sem Hgk}cygn h}c hseld clyi}yymc ih}bc km nqq{hq{lnsmb| cmyi{lkmc nymc}inslh h{ s{nlld/

Blsldnslho h{ qhsmoslnb blsldnslho

Sely muimqslh nbbhty h{ q{lpnsm clyi}yylh tem g}lilqnblslmy n{m ym{lh}yb|ihsmgqbnsld ihggmild ih}{s h{ s{lk}nb q{himmcldy" {myqhcld sh sem {mnb

se{mns h enpld sh cmmc ndnlys blsldnslh" h{ nb{mnc| mdndmc l blsldnslh/ K}s tmenpm h}c sely muimqslh smcy sh km hpm{zmnbh}yb| nqqblmc hsm l il{i}gysnimy

tem{m blsldnslh ly nis}nbb| htem{m h sem eh{lzh/

Ih}ilb h{ sem ]olsmc Shtoyelqy h Emnc" Ibn{n noc Gn{ln }ymc ls sh ibhym ngmmsld l Hishkm{ ;1>> tem{m sem{m tny hb| yqmi}bnslh nkh}s sem q{hyqmis h

blsldnslh lphbpld n ihcm h ihc}is ihgqbnls ndnlys n ih}ilbbh{/ Ehtmpm{" semyngm gmmsld lib}cmc nhsem{ lsmg sens clc s sem muimqslh" nc tm {mimlpmcih`lisld lh{gnslh nkh}s cmsnlby h sem gmmsld/


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Sem ih}ilb h{ sem G}olilqnbls| h Bngksho Yeh{my ibhymc n gmmsld l ohpmgkm{

;1>>" tem{m blsldnslh tny clyi}yymc ny n qhyylkbm ihym~}mim h n k{mnie h nnd{mmgms k}s sem{m tm{m h nis}nb bmdnb q{himmcldy" mlsem{ hdhld h{ lgglms/

HGBMS ysn y}ddmysmc sens sem muimqslh {mbnsld sh ncplim y}kjmis sh yhblilsh{'iblms q{lplbmdm th}bc enpm kmm gh{m nqq{hq{lnsm/

N gnssm{ }ocm{ nohsem{ Nis

G}lilqnb khclmy {n{mb| }ym sely muimqslh" k}s ls tny lgq{hqm{b| }ymc k| ih}ilb h{sem Shto h Ngem{ysk}{d sh y}qqh{s ibhyld sth h sem gmmsldy sem Hgk}cygn{mqh{smc h l Cmimgkm{ ;1>>/

Ns hm gmmsld" ih}ilb cmnbs tlse nqqhlsgmsy sh sem Blk{n{| nc Qhblim Ym{plimyKhn{cy" nc ns nhsem{" ls ihylcm{mc nqqhlsld n gmgkm{ sh sem Qhblim Ym{plimy

Khn{c nc sth ih}ilbbh{y sh n g}lilqnb ihgglssmm/ Sem{m tny h hsem{ Nisq{hplcld ih}ilb tlse sem n}seh{ls| sh ibhym semym gmmsldy/

Phslod lo sem Cn{f

Sem G}olilqnb Nisly ~}lsm ibmn{ l lsy ncghlslh ndnlys phsld l ibhymc gmmsldy

}bmyy sem phsm ly h{ q{himc}{nb gnssm{y h{ h{ dlpld cl{mislhy" m/d/" sh ysn/ohmsembmyy" g}lilqnblslmy hsm mdndm l lgq{hqm{ phsld c}{ld ibhymc gmmsldy/

L se{mm h h}{Shto h Ngem{ysk}{d gmmsldy tm {mplmtmc l ;1>>" ih}ilb phsmc

kmelc ibhymc chh{y" yhgmslgmy se{h}de n lh{gnb yeht h ency ihs{npmldkhse sem G}olilqnb Nisnc sem shty ht q{himc}{m k|'bnt/

H}{ lpmysldnslh l sem Shto h Glcbnoc nbyh {mpmnbmc sens ih}ilbbh{y phsmclh{gnbb| nc lbbmdnbb| l ympm{nb ibhymc gmmsldy l bnsm ;1>> nc mn{b| ;1>; lib}cld sh ncc{myy seml{ ht ynbn{lmy nc kmmsy/

Fmmqlod sem [mih{c Ys{nldes

G}lilqnblslmy" bhinb khn{cy nc seml{ ihgglssmmy n{m {m~}l{mc sh {mih{c tlseh}s hsm

h{ ihggms nbb {myhb}slhy" cmilylhy nc hsem{ q{himmcldy ns gmmsldy temsem{sem gmmsldy n{m hqm h{ ibhymc/ K}s tm enpm h}c {mih{cy h{ hqm gmmsldysmc sh km n{ gh{m cmsnlbmc nc lh{gnslpm sen h{ ibhymc hmy/ L nis" yhgmg}lilqnblslmy kn{mb| fmmq {mih{cy h ibhymc gmmsldy ns nbb/

H}{Shto h Glcbnoc lpmysldnslh h}c ih}ilby ibhymc gmmsld gl}smy clc hsnii}{nsmb| {mih{c tens enc hii}{{mc nc bnifmc n| lh{gnslh nkh}s cl{mislhy

dlpm sh ysn c}{ld semym ymyylhy/

Sem Hgk}cygn {mihggmcy sens g}lilqnblslmy fmmq n ihgq{memylpm t{lssm{mih{c h ibhymc gmmsldy nc kmssm{ |ms" sens sem| km cldlsnbb| {mih{cmc %n}clh h{

plcmh,/


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;3

Sem Hgk}cygn mmby ys{hdb| sens ntn{mmyy nc mc}inslh h sem q}kbli ncg}lilqnb hilnby nblfm n{m fm| sh lgq{hpld s{nyqn{mi| h bhinb dhpm{gmsyni{hyy Hsn{lh nc my}{ld sem Y}yelm Bnt ly q{hqm{b| nc ihylysmsb|

lgqbmgmsmc ni{hyy sem q{hplim/

Sh sens mc" ylim ;115" h}{ Him eny i{mnsmc yqmilnb ihgg}linslhy q{hc}isy

sh embq mpm{|hm l Hsn{lh }cm{ysnc sem {}bmy }cm{ sem G}olilqnb Nis" semihgqbnlsy q{himyy nc sem Hgk}cygny q{himc}{my/ Sem Hgk}cygn nc HGBMSysn enpm nbyh plylsmc g}lilqnblslmy ni{hyy sem q{hplim nc gncm }gm{h}y hsem{

q}kbli nqqmn{nimy sh nytm{ ~}myslhy nkh}s sem hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy nch}{ lpmysldnslhy/

H}{ qhifms'ylzmc Y}oyelom Bnt Enockhhfq{hplcmy nns'n'dbnim plmt h sem muimqslhy nbbhtmc }cm{ semG}olilqnb Nisymislh ;9


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;=

Hqm gmmsldy lyy}my nc HGBMS lpmysldnslhy enpm nbyh nss{nismc n ihylcm{nkbmngh}s h gmcln lsm{mys l {mims |mn{y tlse ;1>>';1>; kmld sem eldemys |ms/

S{ni h sem Hgk}cygny tmkylsm nc yhilnb gmcln ylsmy %@nimkhhf" Stlssm{"\h}S}km, nbyh cmghys{nsmy ys{hd q}kbli lsm{mys l semym lpmysldnslhy/

H}{ tmkylsm" {mcmyldmc l glc';1>;" eny n yqmilnb ymislh h{G}olilqnbLopmysldnslhoy tem{m nbb sem Hgk}cygny {mqh{sy in km h}c" ny tmbb ny ncnsnknym @loc \h}{ G}olilqnbls| tem{m }ym{y in ymn{ie sh c h}s teh sem

ibhymc gmmsld lpmysldnsh{ ly l mpm{| g}lilqnbls| l sem q{hplim/

Mpm{ ylim bnsm ;114" tem g}lilqnblslmy {ys ysn{smc nqqhlsld lpmysldnsh{y ncnyfld ~}myslhy nkh}s eht sem ihgqbnlsy {mdlgm th}bc th{f" sem Hgk}cygnnc ysn enpm plylsmc nc ncc{myymc ih}ilby }qh {m~}mys/ Sem {ys tny semShto h @h{s M{lm" tem{m sem Hgk}cygn nqqmn{mc kmh{m ih}ilb l Cmimgkm{

;114/ HGBMS ysn gncm ylglbn{ nqqmn{nimy l sehym mn{b| cn|y kmh{m sem ih}ilbyh{ sem Shto h Enbsho Elbby nc sem [mdlhonb G}olilqnbls| h Olndn{n/ L semlsm{pmld |mn{y" sem| enpm nbyh gncm }gm{h}y q}kbli yqmmiemy h sem Y}yelm

Bnt" lib}cld ns ihm{mimy h g}lilqnb hilnby/

Sely qnys |mn{ eny kmm qn{sli}bn{b| nislpm nc q{hc}islpm" ny HGBMS ysn gncm

q{mymsnslhy sh sem ih}ilby h{ sem Shto h Ngem{ysk}{d nc sem Shto h Yh}se

K{}im Qmoloy}bn" ny tmbb ny sh sem ibm{fy h{ sem g}lilqnblslmy hMyymu Ih}os|/ SemHgk}cygn ncc{myymc ih}ilb h{ sem Ils| h Bhocho l N}d}ys ;1>; plcmh h ely

q{mymsnslh nc ~}myslh'nc'nytm{ ymyylh tlse ih}ilbbh{y tny tmkinys blpm {hgh}{ tmkylsm/ Gh{m sen ;11 qmhqbm tnsiemc sem tmkinys blpm nc gn| gh{m enpm

plmtmc ls ylim h h}{ tmkylsm/* Sem Hgk}cygn ly nbyh ybnsmc sh ncc{myy ih}ilb h{sem Ils| h D{mnsm{ Y}ck}{| l Cmimgkm{ ;1>;/

* Sem plcmh ino km plmtmc ns: essq:((ttt/hgk}cygno/ho/in([myh}{imy([mqh{sy(Ils|'h`'Bhocho'%;,/nyqu


28/41


;0

Inym Y}ggn{lmy

Shtoyelq h` Ncmbnlcm'Gmsinb`m

L {myqhym sh n ihgqbnls nkh}s n ibhymc gmmsld lGn{ie ;1>;" HGBMS h}c ih}ilb tny mslsbmc shclyi}yy bmdnb nc qm{yhmb lyy}my l ibhymc ymyylh/Ehtmpm{" yhgm h sem lyy}my ihylcm{mc tm{m

nccmc sh sem ndmcn ns sem bnys gl}sm/ Telbmsem{m tny yhgm mplcmim sens sem gnssm{y tm{m

}{dms" tm ncplymc sem ih}ilb sens" ny n dmm{nb{}bm" ls yeh}bc q{hplcm ncpnim q}kbli hslim h nbblsmgy sh km ihylcm{mc l n ibhymc gmmsld/ Tm

nbyh mgqenylzmc sens {myhb}slhy n}seh{lzld ibhymcymyylhy g}ys ysnsm sem dmm{nb ns}{m h sem gnssm{

sh km ihylcm{mc" nc" ny n kmys q{nislim" yeh}bc nbyh{mm{ sh sem yqmili G}olilqnb Nismuimqslh }ymc sh j}ysl|ibhyld sem gmmsld/

N q{lpnsm gmmsld l Gn{ie ;1>; sens tny ehysmc k| n tlc s}{klm cmpmbhqgmsihgqn| nc nssmcmc k| sth h pm ih}ilb gmgkm{y nbyh q{hgqsmc ihgqbnlsy/ Lsely inym" HGBMS cmsm{glmc sens sem ihgqn| enc lplsmc bnchtm{y sh clyi}yy sem

gm{lsy h tlc s}{klmy nc h shtyelq k}ylmyy tny clyi}yymc h{ }{sem{mc/ @h{ sely{mnyh" ls clc hs ihysls}sm n gmmsld h ih}ilb/

Shto h` Ngem{ysk}{dL Cmimgkm{ ;1>>" sem Hgk}cygn lyy}mc ely {mqh{sKmeloc Ibhymc Chh{y" l telie em ihib}cmc sens

Ngem{ysk}{d ih}ilb enc {mqmnsmcb| ihs{npmmc semG}olilqnb Nisnc lsy ht q{himc}{m k|'bnt/

Ih}ilb lgq{hqm{b| clyi}yymc gn| lyy}my l ibhymc

ymyylh" gly}yld sem bnty mc}inslh h{ s{nlldnc n gnssm{ }cm{ nhsem{ Nis muimqslhy nc

{h}slmb| mdndmc l lgq{hqm{ phsld kmelc ibhymc

chh{y" sem Hgk}cygn h}c/

Sem lpmysldnslh lcmslmc hsem{ q{hkbmgnsliq{nislimy" lib}cld lihgqbmsm nc lnii}{nsm gmmsldndmcny" nlb}{m sh {mqh{s knif q}kblib| l n lh{gmc tn|

nkh}s ibhymc gmmsldy" nc nccld gmmsld lsmgy tlseh}s q{lh{hslim/ Sem Hgk}cygn gncm ympm {mihggmcnslhy sh mih}{ndmih}ilby ihgqblnim tlse sem Nis nc d{mnsm{ s{nyqn{mi| l lsy ibhymc gmmsld

q{nislimy/

K}s tem Ngem{ysk}{d ih}ilb {mimlpmc sem {mqh{s" ls ihylcm{mc ls l sth ibhymc

gmmsldy/ Sely q{hgqsmc nhsem{ lpmysldnslh" k}s sely slgm ih}ilb tny hs h}c shenpm plhbnsmc sem Nis" kmin}ym sem gmmsldy tm{m ibhymc l h{cm{ sh ihylcm{ gnssm{yy}kjmis sh yhblilsh{'iblms q{lplbmdm %bmdnb ncplim {hg sem shty yhblilsh{," nc sem

ih{{mis q{himc}{my tm{m hbbhtmc/

L @mk{}n{| ;1>;" h}{ HGBMS smng q{hplcmc s{nlld sh Ngem{ysk}{d ih}ilb h

sem hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy/ Sem ih}ilb eny ylim mgk{nimc sem Hgk}cygny{mihggmcnslhy h{ gh{m hqm q{nislimy nc lgqbmgmsmc n mt qhbli| h{ibhymc gmmsldy/


29/41

H`im h` sem Hgkcygn

;4

Ils| h` Ibn{moim'[hifbnoc

N ym{lmy h lh{gnb gmmsldy lphbpld h}{ h lmih}ilb gmgkm{y l Cmimgkm{ ;1>1 nss{nismcn bhs h q}kbli yqmi}bnslh/ HGBMSy {mplmt hihgqbnlsy nkh}s sem gmmsldy h}c sens semym

gmgkm{y tm{m ymmfld lh{gnslh sens th}bc}ch}ksmcb| l`}mim }s}{m cmilylh gnfld"

nc plhbnsmc sem yql{ls h sem hqm gmmsldq{hplylhy/ Tm tn{mc ih}ilb gmgkm{y sh kmmus{mgmb| in{m}b hs sh nbbht ihpm{ynslh ns y}ie

dnsem{ldy sh ys{n| lsh bn|ld sem d{h}cth{f h{ih}ilb k}ylmyy/

L ncclslh" HGBMS h}c sens n dmm{nb clyi}yylh hqhh{ ~}nbls| iblms ym{plimy sens shhf qbnim ns n gmmsldl Gn| ;1>> clcs ihgm tlsel sem qm{glyylkbm muimqslhy sh sem

hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy/

Tm nbyh {mplmtmc n ibhymc ymyylh l J}m ;1>> tem{m n }gkm{ h lsmgy tm{m nccmc

ns sem bnys gl}sm sh sem gmmsld ndmcn/ HGBMS ncplymc ih}ilb sens gnssm{y yeh}bchs km clyi}yymc l semym il{i}gysnimy }bmyy sem| n{m }{dms" nc inbbmc h ih}ilbsh ngmc lsy q{himc}{m k|'bnt sh {m~}l{m n h{gnb {myhb}slh kmh{m n mt lsmg ly

nccmc sh n gmmsld ndmcn/

G}olilqnbls| h` D{m| Eldebnocy

Tlc s}{klmy enpm kmm n ihs{hpm{ylnb y}kjmis l

g}lilqnblslmy se{h}deh}s Hsn{lh l {mims |mn{y/Ls tny h y}{q{lym" sem" sens n b}ie gmmsld

kmstmm se{mm gmgkm{y h D{m| Eldebncyih}ilb" sem Ielm Ncgllys{nslpm Him{" nc ncmpmbhqm{ h ihggm{ilnb tlc s}{klmy nss{nismc

q}kbli ihgqbnls/ Ls tny y}ddmysmc sens sem b}ie

tny n lgq{hqm{ ibhymc gmmsld sens l`}mimc nih}ilb phsm sh ntn{c n tlc s}{klm ihs{nis bnsm{

sens yngm cn|/

C}{ld HGBMSy {mplmt" tm tm{m shbc sens tlc

s}{klm ihgqn| {mq{mymsnslpmy enc ylgqb| n{{lpmc nssem yngm {mysn}{ns tem{m g}lilqnb hilnby tm{m gmmsldh{ b}ie" nc nyfmc sh jhl sem d{h}q/ Tm tm{m ncplymc sens

sem{m tny h clyi}yylh nkh}s sem lsmgy h sem nsm{hh gmmsld ndmcn/

Yeh{sb| nsm{ sem b}ie" ih}ilb gms l hqm ymyylh nc ihylcm{mc ysn ncplim sens

sem{m tny h bmdnb {mnyh hs sh nqq{hpm nd{mmgmsy tlse sem tlc s}{klm ihgqn|"muimqs h{ n lyy}m {mbnsld sh hm bhinslh/ Nsm{ {mimlpld bmdnb ncplim l ibhymcymyylh" ih}ilb phsmc l q}kbli sh nqq{hpm k}lbcld qm{glsy h{ tlc s}{klmy sens

tm{m q{hplcmc h{ l n mn{blm{ nd{mmgms/

Telbm h}{ {mplmt clc hs c sem b}ie gmmsld plhbnsmc sem G}olilqnb Nis" HGBMS

ysn ncplymc ih}ilb sens y}ie dnsem{ldy l ibhym q{hulgls| sh hilnb ih}ilbgmmsldy ns}{nbb| nss{nis y}yqlilh/ Ih}ilb gmgkm{y g}ys km pldlbns l semym inymysh my}{m sens iny}nb yhilnb ihpm{ynslh chmy hs c{ls lsh lgq{hqm{ n{mny/


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;5

Inym Y}ggn{lmy

Ils| h` Englbsho

HGBMS lpmysldnsmc n ihgqbnls sens se{mm ih}ilbbh{y{hg sem ils|y oEB Q{hqhynb Y}k'Ihgglssmm" nbhdtlse nhsem{ ih}ilbbh{" plhbnsmc sem hqm gmmsld{}bmy tem sem| gms h{ k{mnfnys l Jn}n{| ;1>>

tlse sem ihnie(dmm{nb gnndm{ h n bhinb ehifm|smng nc sem q{mylcms h sem Mcghsh Hlbm{y/

Tm h}c sens y}k'ihgglssmm k}ylmyy tny hsclyi}yymc l n| gnsm{lnb tn| c}{ld sem k{mnfnys"

h{ tm{m n| cmilylhy gncm h{ d{h}cth{f ymsh{ }s}{m cmilylhy/ Sem Hgk}cygn ihib}cmc

sem k{mnfnys tny n lh{gnb dms'shdmsem{ nc hs ngmmsld y}kjmis sh sem hqm gmmsld {m~}l{mgmsy hsem G}olilqnb Nis/ Ehtmpm{" em tn{mc ih}ilbbh{y sens sem|yeh}bc km in}slh}y nkh}s y}ie dnsem{ldy" kmin}ym sem| ns}{nbb|

nss{nis y}yqlilh nc ihjmis}{m" nc ls in km cli}bs sh ihplim sem q}kbli sens hlgq{hqm{ clyi}yylhy shhf qbnim/

]olsmc Shtoyelqy h` Emnc" Ibn{n noc Gn{ln

H}{ lpmysldnslh h sth ibhymc gmmsldy l sem nbb h

;1>> ih{gmc sens clyi}yylhy {mbnsld sh en{nyygmsihgqbnlsy nc n ihcm h ihc}is ihgqbnls s

tlsel sem qm{yhnb gnssm{y nkh}s n lcmslnkbmlclplc}nb muimqslh/ Ehtmpm{" sem Hgk}cygnihib}cmc sens sem blsldnslh h{ qhsmslnb blsldnslh

muimqslh tny lgq{hqm{b| nqqblmc sh hm h semshqliy clyi}yymc/

Sem Hgk}cygn nbyh {mihggmcmc sens ih}ilbqnyy {myhb}slhy h{ }s}{m ibhymc gmmsldy" ibmn{b|

lsmglzld telie muimqslh nqqblmy sh telie ndmcn

lsmg/ Em nbyh in}slhmc ih}ilb hs sh ncc gnssm{y shsem ndmcn ns sem bnys gl}sm }bmyy sem| n{m }{dms h{

sem{m n{m ihgqmbbld {mnyhy sh y}yqmc sem h{gnb q}kblihslim q{himc}{my/ Ny tmbb" em mih}{ndmc ih}ilb sh {mqh{s q}kblib|h tens tny clyi}yymc l ibhymc ymyylh ns bmnys l n dmm{nb tn|/


31/41

H`im h` sem Hgkcygn

;; HGBMS Noo}NB [MqH[S

91

Inym Y}ggn{lmy

Ils| h` Bhocho

Bhch" Hs/ tny sem {ys Inncln j}{lyclislh sh mplissem Hii}q| ghpmgms q{hsmysm{y l bnsm ;1>>/ Tm{mimlpmc pm ihgqbnlsy nkh}s sem ibhymc gmmsldh ohpmgkm{ 4" ;1>>" tem ih}ilb ihylcm{mc

bmdnb ncplim nc qhsmslnb blsldnslh {mbnsld sh semhii}qnslh h n chtsht qn{f/ H}{ lpmysldnslh

cmsm{glmc sem ibhymc gmmsld tny qm{glssmc}cm{ sem Nis/

L @mk{}n{| ;1>;" ylu ih}ilb gmgkm{y gms h{b}ie yeh{sb| kmh{m se{mm ihgglssmm gmmsldy nc n

ih}ilb gmmsld tem{m sem| phsmc h sem nb k}cdms/Tm {mimlpmc se{mm ihgqbnlsy nc sem{m tny ihylcm{nkbmq}kbli yqmi}bnslh ny sh temsem{ sem b}ie tny n lbbmdnbb|ibhymc ys{nsmd| gmmsld/

H}{ lpmysldnslh ih{gmc sens sem b}ie nssmcmmy ihysls}smc n ~}h{}g tlse sembmdnb n}seh{ls| sh s{nynis k}ylmyy h kmenb h n }gkm{ h ihgglssmmy" lib}cld

sth h sehym gmmsld sens cn|/ Ehtmpm{" tm h}c sens h ihgglssmm k}ylmyy tnynis}nbb| clyi}yymc c}{ld sem b}ie/

Sem Hgk}cygn ihib}cmc sens sem b}iemh clc hs plhbnsm sem Y}yelm Bnt"k}s em tn{mc ih}ilbbh{y sens gmmsld l n bhinb {mysn}{ns j}ys kmh{m n i{lslinb ncihs{hpm{ylnb phsm h sem k}cdms tny lbb'ihimlpmc nc gncm semg n ns}{nb sn{dms h{

q}kbli y}yqlilh/

Shto h` Glcbnoc

Tm lpmysldnsmc se{mm ihgqbnlsy nkh}s g}bslqbm ibhymc

gmmsldy l Glcbnc kmstmm Cmimgkm{ ;1>> ncGn{ie ;1>; nc h}c ih}ilb enc lgq{hqm{b| }ymcsem mc}inslh h{ s{nlld nc qm{yhnb gnssm{y

nkh}s n lcmslnkbm lclplc}nb muimqslhy shclyi}yy lsmgy sens yeh}bc enpm kmm ihylcm{mc

l q}kbli/ Tm nbyh h}c sens sem ih}ilb {h}slmb|phsmc lbbmdnbb| kmelc ibhymc chh{y/

H}{ lpmysldnslh nbyh {mpmnbmc sem sht tny

hbbhtld ympm{nb q{hkbmgnsli q{nislimy" lib}clddlpld ly}ilms hslim h ibhymc ymyylhy" hs fmmqld

ncm~}nsm {mih{cy h ibhymc gmmsldy" nc nlbld sh {mqh{sknif q}kblib| nkh}s ibhymc gmmsldy/ Sem Hgk}cygn lyy}mcmldes {mihggmcnslhy sh embq sem sht lgq{hpm lsy q{nislimy"

lib}cld sens ls yeh}bc gnfm n}clh h{ plcmh {mih{cldy h ibhymc gmmsldy/


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H`im h` sem Hgkcygn

9>

Ils| h` D{mnsm{ Y}ck}{|

Tm lpmysldnsmc n ym{lmy h ibhymc gmmsldy embc k|ih}ilb sh clyi}yy h{cm{ld n n}cls nc qmm{ {mplmth lsy N}clsh{ Dmm{nby him/ Semym gmmsldytm{m ibhymc }cm{ sem qm{yhnb gnssm{y nkh}s n

lcmslnkbm lclplc}nb muimqslh/ Ls tny nbbmdmcsens sem gmmsldy yeh}bc enpm kmm hqm" ylim

sem clyi}yylhy clc hs lphbpm qm{yhnb gnssm{ynkh}s sem N}clsh{ Dmm{nb elgymb" k}s tm{m nkh}sely him/

Sem Hgk}cygn h}c sens sem clyi}yylhy ns semym

gmmsldy clc s tlsel sem ilsmc muimqslh/ Ehtmpm{"em yqhfm h}s ys{hdb| nkh}s sem bnif h ih'hqm{nslh h}{Him {mimlpmc c}{ld sem lpmysldnslh/ Mpm{| gmgkm{ hih}ilb nyfmc sh enpm n bnt|m{ {hg sem ils| tlse semg c}{ld h}{

lsm{plmty/ Tem sem| tm{m ncplymc sens h}{ q{himyy clc hs nbbht sely" >1 {m}ymcsh km lsm{plmtmc hb| sem Gn|h{" sth ih}ilbbh{y nc sem Ibm{f qn{slilqnsmc/ SemHgk}cygn ncplymc ih}ilb sens l nimc tlse {m}ynb sh ih'hqm{nsm l }s}{m" em

th}bc ihylcm{ }yld ely Himy qhtm{y }cm{ sem Hgk}cygno Nissh {m~}l{mtlsmyymy sh qn{slilqnsm" h{ nim qmnbslmy lib}cld my h{ qhsmslnb lgq{lyhgms/


34/41


9;

\h}{ @mmcknif

K{nph sh sem Hgk}cygno h{ modndlodilslzmoy cl{misb| pln yhilnb gmcln loysmnc h {mb|lodho sem `bsm{ noc klny h s{nclslhonb gmcln noc hsem{

losm{gmcln{lmy/ Lsy {m{myelod noc tmbihgm noc L

tlye gh{m h h}{ bmncm{y th}bc ch yh/

Ihggmos k| }ym{ ghoflno ho semyqmi/ihg"

Jno}n{| >;" ;1>;

AHosXHgk}cygno Sem i}s nocse{}ys h shcn| q{hplcmc {mnb loyldes losh)HqmoGsdy/

ACBXYlbpn pln Stlssm{" N}d}ys ;4" ;1>;

%n`sm{ Bhocho" Hos/ ih}oilb nqqmn{noim,

AHosXHgk}cygno Th}bcblfm sh ymm q{lpnsm ibhymc gmmslodlopmysldnsh{y nkhblyemc" lo

nph}{ h |h}{ h`im kmlod yhbmlopmysldnsh{/

Aj}ysqbnloin{{lm pln Stlssm{"

Jno}n{| >;" ;1>;

Hom ino hob| ehqm bhinb)EngHos ih}oilbbh{y n{m blysmolodsh Gn{lo" d{mns clyi}yylho/

AHosXHgk}cygno

Agn{fnbnotelssbm pln Stlssm{"

@mk{}n{| ;;" ;1>;

Senof |h} h{ |h}{ {mimos lopmysldnslho hY}ck}{| Ils| Ih}oilb/ Ls ly pm{| ihgh{slod sh foht h}{qhblslilnoy n{m kmlod embc sh sem gh{nb ysnocn{c sens }y

ilslzmoy h Y}ck}{| nyql{m sh/

Yqmoim{ Ienq}s" Y}ck}{|


35/41


36/41


93


37/41


9=

NqqMocLu

Ihgqbnlos Ysnslysliy

G]OLILQNBLS\Ihgqbnlosy

{mimlpmPlhbnslhoy

`h}oKmys q{nislimy

y}ddmysm

Shtyelq h Ncmbnlcm'Gmsinbm 0 1 0

Sht h Ngem{ysk}{d >; ; 3

G}lilqnbls| h Kb}mtnsm{ > 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h K{hifsh > 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h Ims{nb E}{h > 1 1Ils| h Ibn{mim'[hifbnc = > >

Shtyelq h Mctn{cyk}{de(In{clnb > 1 1

Ils| h Mbblhs Bnfm 0 ; 1

Sht h @h{s M{lm >= ; 1

Shtyelq h Dmh{dln Kn| 9 3 >

D{nc Kmc N{mn Ymtndm S{mnsgms Khn{c > 1 >

Sht h D{npme}{ys > 1 1

Ils| h D{mnsm{ Y}ck}{| 9 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h D{m| Eldebncy > 1 1

Ils| h Englbsh 3 > 1

]lsmc Shtyelqy h Emnc" Ibn{n nc Gn{ln > 1 9

Shtyelq h Ehtlif ; > 1

G}lilqnbls| h E}{h Mnys > ; ;

Ih}s| h E}{h > 1 1

Sht h Fmn{m| 9 ; >

Sht h Bnfmyeh{m > 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h Bngksh Yeh{my = ; ;

Shtyelq h Bn{cm{ Bnfm > ; 1

Shtyelq h Bmmcy nc sem Seh}ync Lybncy 9 ; >

Ils| h Bhch >1 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h Gndmsntn 9 1 1

Sht h Gnssntn > 1 1

Sht h Glcbnc ; 4 ;

Shtyelq h Gh{bm| ; 1 9

G}lilqnbls| h Gh{{ly'S}{km{{| > ; 1

Clys{lis G}lilqnbls| h G}yfhfn > 1 9

Shtyelq h onl{ nc E|gn > ; >

Ils| h olndn{n @nbby 9 ; >

[mdlhnb G}lilqnbls| h olndn{n = 1 ;

Ils| h Hyentn 3 1 1

Sht h Qmmsnd}lyemm ; 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h Qhtnyyn ; 1 1

]lsmc Ih}slmy h Q{myihss nc [}yymbb > 1 1

Shtyelq h [}yymbb ; ; 1

Shtyelq h Ymd}l > 1 1

Sht h Yh}se K{}im Qmly}bn 9 0 1

G}lilqnbls| h Yh}se E}{h > 1 1

G}lilqnbls| h Ys/ Ien{bmy > 1 1

Shtyelq h Sem oh{se Yeh{m ; > 1

G}lilqnbls| h Telsmyshm > 1 1

SHSNB >;5 3= 93

IHGQBNLOSY [MIMLPMc NOc PLHBNSLHOY H@ SEM Y]OYELOM BNt @H]Oc"K\ G]OLILQNBLS\ NQ[LB >" ;1>> SH N]D]YS 9>" ;1>;

OHSM: Lo yhgm inymy" tm {mimlpmc g}bslqbm ihgqbnlosy nkh}s sem yngm gmmslod" noc(h{ `h}oc g}bslqbm plhbnslhoy {mbnslod sh sem yngm gmmslod h{ ihgqbnlos/


38/41


90

NqqMocLu


>/ Ncmbnlcm'Gmsinbm" Shtyelq h

;/ Njnu" Sht h

9/ Nbkm{sh" Shtyelq h

3/ Nb{mc nc Qbnsndmms" Shtyelq h

=/ Ngem{ysk}{d" Sht h

0/ N{gh}{" Shtyelq h

4/ N{gys{hd" Shtyelq h5/ N{q{lh{" Sht h

4/ Kb}mtnsm{" G}lilqnbls| h

>5/ Kh`mbc" Shtyelq h

>/ K{hifsh" G}lilqnbls| h

;;/ K{}im Glmy" Sht h

;9/ K{}cmmbb" B|chie & [ndbn %Shtyelq h,

;3/ K}{f$y @nbby" Plbbndm h

;=/ K}{qmm nc Glbby" Shtyelq h

;0/ Inbpl" Shtyelq h

;4/ Inym|" Shtyelq h

;5/ Inyymbgn" Plbbndm h

;/ Iengkm{bnl" Shtyelq h

9;/ Iengqbnl" Shtyelq h

99/ Ienqqbm" Shtyelq h

93/ Ien{bsh nc Cnif" G}lilqnbls| h

9=/ Ielyehbg" Shtyelq h

90/ Ibn{mim'[hifbnc" Ils| h

94/ Ihknbs" Sht h

95/ Ihie{nm" Sht h

9/ Cnt'M}qemgln" Shtyelq h3;/ Cntyh" Shtyelq h

39/ Ch{lh" Shtyelq h

33/ C}k{m}lbplbbm" Shtyelq h

3=/ C}m{l" Ih}s| h

30/C|yn{s" C}cbm|" En{ih}{s" D}lbh{c"En{k}{" K{}sh" Enpmbhif" M|{m ncIb|cm" ]lsmc Shtyelqy h

34/ Mnys Entfmyk}{|" Shtyelq h

35/ Mctn{cyk}{de(In{clnb" Shtyelq h

3/ Mlyflbbm" Shtyelq h

=;/ Myymu" Sht h

=9/ Mpns}{mb" Shtyelq h

=3/ @n}~}lm{'Ys{lifbnc" Shtyelq h

==/ @h{s M{lm" Sht h=0/ @{hs h \hdm" Shtyelq h

=4/ Dnnh~}m" Sht h

=5/ Dn}selm{" Shtyelq h

=/ Dh{ch(Kn{{lm Lybnc" G}lilqnbls|

0;/ Dh{m Kn|" Sht h

09/ D{npme}{ys" Sht h

03/ D{mnsm{ Y}ck}{|" Ils| h

0=/ D{m| Eldebncy" G}lilqnbls| h

00/ D{lgyk|" Sht h

04/ Enbsh Elbby" Sht h

05/ Englbsh" Ils| h

0/ Entfmyk}{|" Sht h

4;/ Emnc" Ibn{n nc Gn{ln" Shtyelq h

49/ Emn{ys" Sht h

43/ Elbbln{c" Shtyelq h

4=/ Elbsh Kmnie" Plbbndm h

40/ Elbsh" Shtyelq h

44/ Eh{mqn|m" Shtyelq h

45/ Ehtlif" Shtyelq h4/ E}{h Mnys" G}lilqnbls| h

5;/ E}{h" Ih}s| h

59/ Jngmy" Shtyelq h

53/ Jhimb|" Shtyelq h

5=/ Jheyh" Shtyelq h

50/ Jhb|" Shtyelq h

54/ Fntn{sen Bnfmy" Ils| h

55/ Fm{y" Shtyelq h

5" ;1>> SH N]D]YS 9>" ;1>;,


39/41


94

NqqMocLu


1>/ Bn}{msln Elbby" Sht h

>1;/ Bmngldsh" G}lilqnbls| h

>19/Bmmcy nc sem Seh}ync Lybncy"Shtyelq h

>13/ Bhch" Ils| h

>1=/Gnichnbc" Gm{mclse nc Nkm{cmmNcclslhnb" Shtyelq h

>10/ Gnien{" Shtyelq h

>14/ Gndmsntn" G}lilqnbls| h

>15/ Gn{nseh" Sht h

>1>=/ GiDn{{|" Shtyelq h

>>0/ GiFmbbn{" Shtyelq h

>>4/ GiG}{{lie(Ghsmlse" Shtyelq h

>>5/ Glcbnc" Sht h

>>;>/ Ghhkmng" Shtyelq h

>;;/ Ghhyhmm" Sht h

>;9/ Gh{bm|" Shtyelq h

>;3/ Gh{{ly'S}{km{{|" G}lilqnbls| h

>;=/ G}yfhfn" Clys{lis G}lilqnbls| h

>;0/ onl{ nc E|gn" Shtyelq h>;4/ ommkld

>;5/ omtk}{|" Plbbndm h

>;9>/ olqldh" Shtyelq h

>9;/ olqlyyld" Shtyelq h

>99/ oh{se C}g{lmy" Shtyelq h

>93/oh{semnysm{ Gnlsh}bl nc Sem Lybncy"Sht h

>9=/ Hlb Yq{ldy" Plbbndm h

>90/ Hqnynslfn" Shtyelq h

>94/ H{ndmplbbm" Sht h

>95/ Hyentn" Ils| h

>93=>/ Q{myihss" Sht h>=;/ Q{lim" Shtyelq h

>=9/ [nl| [lpm{" Sht h

>=3/ [}yymbb" Shtyelq h

>==/ [|m{yh" Shtyelq h

>=0/ Ynkbmy'Yqnlye [lpm{y" Shtyelq h

>=4/ Yn{ln" Ils| h

>=5/ Yn}bs Ysm/ Gn{lm" Ils| h

>=0>/ Ylh}u on{{hty'omysh{ @nbby" Shtyelq h

>0;/ Yghhse [hif @nbby" Sht h

>09/ Yh}se Nbdh~}l" Shtyelq h

>03/ Yh}se K{}im Qmly}bn" Sht h

>0=/ Yh}se E}{h" G}lilqnbls| h

>00/ Yh}se [lpm{" Plbbndm h

>04/ Yqnlye" Sht h

>05/ Ys/ Insen{lmy" Ils| h

>04>/Sn{k}ss nc Sn{k}ss Ncclslhnb"Shtyelq h

>4;/ Smef}ggne" Shtyelq h

>49/ Smgndngl" G}lilqnbls| h>43/ Smglyfngld Yeh{my" Ils| h

>4=/ Sem onslh" G}lilqnbls| h

>40/ Sem oh{se Yeh{m" Shtyelq h

>44/ Semyynbh" Sht h

>45/ Seh{bhm" Plbbndm h

>45>/ Sl|" Shtyelq h

>5;/ Pnb [lsn'En{s|" Shtyelq h

>59/ Tmbbnc" Ils| h

>53/ Tmbbldsh" Ih}s| h>5=/ Tmys Blihb" Shtyelq h

>50/ Tmys olqlyyld" G}lilqnbls| h

>54/ Tmysqh{s" Plbbndm h

>55/ Telsm [lpm{" Shtyelq h

>5/ Thhbtlie" Shtyelq h

G]OLILQNBLSLMY tEM[M SEM HGK]cYGNO LY SEM LOPMYSLDNSH[@H[ IBHYMc GMMSLOD IHGQBNLOSY %NQ[LB >" ;1>> SH N]D]YS 9>" ;1>;,


40/41


95


NqqMocLu

> Qm{yhnb gnssm{y nkh}s n lcmsl`nkbm lclplc}nb

; Yhblilsh{'iblms q{lplbmdm

9 Blsldnslh h{ qhsmslnb blsldnslh

GHYS IHGGHOB\ ]YMc [MNYHOY @H[ IBHYLOD GMMSLODY NQ[LB >" ;1>> SH N]D]YS 9>" ;1>;%muimqslhoy ilsmc }ocm{ sem G}olilqnb Nis" ;11>" ymislho ;9


41/41

;1>>';1>; HGBMS NOO]NB [MQH[S

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