OMB Brief Oct. 2009 1 Defense Programs Fusion in the NNSA Donald L. Cook Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs National Nuclear Security Administration

OMB Brief Oct. 2009 1

Defense Programs

Fusion in the NNSA

Donald L. CookDeputy Administrator for Defense Programs

National Nuclear Security Administration

Fusion Power AssociatesAnnual Meeting

December 1-2, 2010Washington, DC


Defense Programs

Defense Programs supports science as a foundation for national security

• Through scientific pre-eminence the U.S. has maintained the nuclear deterrent for 20 years without testing.

• Science underpins our nuclear security and enables policy and treaty decisions.

• I have elevated science within Defense Programs (NA-11)– Strengthens and recognizes key role.

– A new science council has been formed to advise on critical decisions.

Science is more essential for our prosperity, our security, our health, our environment, and our quality of life than it has ever been before. -- President Obama at the National Academy of Science


Defense ProgramsDefense Programs (NA-10)

Deputy Administrator Donald L. Cook

Principal Assistant Deputy Administrator for

Military ApplicationBrig Gen Garrett Harencak

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Planning, Resources and

Integration

Phillip A. Niedzielski-Eichner

(NA-14)Assistant Deputy Administrator

for Secure Transportation

Jeffrey P. Harrell

(NA-15)

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Stockpile Stewardship

Christopher Deeney

(NA-11)

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Stockpile Management

William S. Goodrum

(NA-12)

Science CouncilDimitri F. Kusnezov, Chair

August 10, 2010Staff Director

Joseph J. Maguire

Sites Chief Performance Officer

(NA-10.2)Roger A. Lewis

Joint Programs(NA-10.1)

Vacant

LASO, LSO, SSO, NSO, KCSO, PSO, SRSO, and YSO

NNSA Site Offices

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Nuclear Safety, Nuclear

Operations, and Governance Reform

James J. McConnell

(NA-17)

Assistant Deputy Administrator for Infrastructure and Construction

Michael A. Thompson

(NA-16)


Defense Programs

Christopher Deeney, ADAAndi H. Kasarsky, Senior Advisor Col. Mark M. Visosky, Dep for Ops

Office ofStockpile Stewardship (NA-11)

Assistant Deputy Administratorfor Stockpile Stewardship

NA-11

Office of Nuclear Experiments

Acting DirectorRobert J. Hanrahan

NA-115

Office of Institutional Programs

DirectorJamileh N. Soudah

NA-111

Office of Defense ScienceDirector

Ralph F. SchneiderNA-113

Office of Inertial Confinement

FusionActing Director

Ralph F. SchneiderNA-112

Office of Advanced Simulation

and ComputingDirector

Robert E. MeisnerNA-114

Chief Scientist Allan A. Hauer


Defense Programs

Three major DOE missions rely on High Energy Density Laboratory Plasmas (HEDLP)

for success

• National Security– Stockpile Stewardship– Protecting against technological surprise

• Fundamental Science– Stewardship of HED – Cross-cut with materials science mission

• Energy– Inertial Fusion Energy Sciences energy-related

HED


Defense Programs

After the explosive phase, weapons rapidly evolve into the HED and plasma regimes

(UGTs, sub-crits, DARHT, JASPER, etc)

HE phaseHigh explosive creates supercritical assembly

Primary phaseSuper-critical assembly

Primary energy production

Pre-nuclear phase

Energy transferX-rays transfer energy from

primary to secondary

Secondary phaseSecondary produces energy,

explosion and radiationNuclear Phase(UGTs NIF and, Z)

Weapons operation proceeds through the conditions of planetaryinteriors, to stellar interiors


Defense Programs

NNSA mission needs have driven the creation of HEDP environments that are ideal for the

study of complex HED plasmas and materials

Mass Outflow

High Mach Number unstable flows Jets Rayleigh Taylor

Instabilities

MHD, thermo-electric, and “anomalous” heatingShocks and radiation transport

Materials in the Extreme

Astrophysical and planetary science applications

HED laboratory experiments


Defense Programs

The ICF Program has created an extraordinary array of facilities for HED research

• National Ignition Facility (NIF)– Only access to burning plasma conditions– Important mission experiments have already been performed

• Omega EP– Sophisticated high irradiance capabilities– Important venue for advanced fusion research

• Z Machine– Key venue for weapons materials science measurements – Outstanding new results at 4 Mbar.

• Enormous increase in computational power


Defense Programs

High energy lasers and the Z Machine have been used to extend solid state

physics to the 10 Mbar regimeRamp compression shows diamond is stable and strong to 8Mbar

Ramp laser intensity to produce shockless compression

•Edwards, et al. (PRL 04)•Smith, et al. (PRL 06)•Bradley, et al. (PRL 08)•Eggert et al. (SCCM 07)

NIF designs use the same technique to study solids to many >30 Mbar

8

4

0P

ress

ure

(M

bar

)654

Density (g/cc)Bradley et al

New cold-solid-state ramp compressed data

Calculated Cold curve

Diamond cell data


Defense Programs

The National Ignition Facility is poised to make extraordinary contributions

Science, 327, 1228, Glenzer et al

A first THD shot was conducted in September.


Defense Programs

The achievement of igniting conditions will open new frontiers in

plasma research

• Plasma temperatures > 20 keV ; compressed densities > 1000

gm / cm2 ; pressures ~ 1 Tbar

• The high performance implosions needed for ignition can also

be employed in a variety of non-ignition basic science

investigations.

– Planetary and astrophysics

– Materials under extreme conditions

• Performing detailed measurements under igniting conditions will

present a considerable diagnostic challenge.


Defense Programs

NNSA relies on intermediate scaleplasma science facilities for basic science support

Intermediate-size plasma facilities provide both direct and indirect mission support, and we are encouraging user access at our

intermediate facilities

Examples of intermediate size plasma facilities:

• Jupiter at LLNL (lasers): support of NIC and NIF; mission; users

• Trident at LANL (laser): support of NIF and NIC; mission; users

• Texas Petawatt at UTX (laser): discovery-driven research; users

• Z-Beamlet / Z Petawatt at SNL (laser): diagnostic for ZR; users

• Nevada Terawatt at UNR: pulsed power


Defense Programs

A portion of time at NNSA Facilities will be devoted to basic science investigations

• The NNSA encourages the exploitation of its HEDP facilities by the academic scientific community.

• NNSA will provide resources to establish user programs and dedicate a fraction of the shots to fundamental science experiments.

• Open proposal and peer review processes will be employed.

• NNSA strongly encourages technical competition


Defense Programs

As the head of Defense Programs, I will expect technical competition in the HEDP Program – this looks like …

• Multiple approaches to solving the major challenges to ensure creativity, peer review and successful completion

• Breadth in the community – the best in laboratories, industry, and academia working together

• Outside engagement and applying our tools, methods and scientists to other challenging science issues

• Teaming with the Office of Science and peer reviewed competition where appropriate

• Support for and access to a range of different technologies and facility scale (intermediate to NIF)

Deuterium EOS is a poster child for how technical competition benefits our program.


Defense Programs

NNSA collaborates with the DOE Office of Science in encouraging HED basic science

• NNSA is committed to providing the required resources to NIF, Z and Omega each year both to establish user programs on these facilities and to dedicate a fraction of the shots on each facility for experiments on fundamental science proposed and led by members of the academic community. The selection of those experiments will proceed through an open, transparent proposal and peer review process similar to that employed at Office of Science facilities. We hope that you will encourage your scientific communities to investigate this opportunity


Defense Programs

NNSA / Office of Science Collaboration in HED Basic Science (cont.)

• Purpose: – Inform broad science communities about capabilities at NIF and other

HEDP platforms.– Solicit input in identifying and prioritizing research connected to the Office

of Science that could benefit from utilization of these facilities.– Involves NNSA, Office of Science programs: Nuclear Physics (NP), High

Energy Physics (HEP), Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Fusion Energy Science (FES)

• Tri-Chairs: – John Sarrao (Los Alamos), Mike Wiescher (Notre Dame), Kim Budil (Livermore)

• Organizing Committee: – Paul Drake, Roger Falcone, Rus Hemley, Bill Goldstein, Chan Joshi, Margaret

Murnane, Richard Petrasso, Alan Wootton

• Office of Science/NNSA staff: – Jim Glownia, Mike Kreisler

Joint sponsorship of Workshop: Basic Research Directions at the National Ignition Facility –Spring 2011


Defense Programs

The DOE is beginning to develop an approach toward inertial fusion energy

An NAS study has been commissioned. Defense Programs will be working closely with the Office of Science.


Defense Programs

Inertial Fusion Energy- a snapshot in 2010

• Fusion Energy – no carbon dioxide, modest nuclear waste,

• 50 years of exploration – ignition at NIF will be key

• NAS to provide recommendations on IFE priorities

• Timeline and demonstration potentially similar to ITER


Defense Programs

Inertial Fusion Energy 2010Principles applied by Working Group

• Focus on IFE specific program that relies on ICF and FES but does not replace them

• Look at fastest route to demonstrate most critical elements– Rapid repeated ignition (once per second for hours)– Using technology applicable for steady and affordable

energy source

• Flexible management and budget with risks• Driver technology and specific ignition approach

identified as critical components– 5 years to down select, – Use existing facilities including NIF


Defense ProgramsBackup Slides


Defense Programs

HEDP is one of the core disciplines of stewardship science

HEDP research allows us to validate our models in environments that remove the need for nuclear testing - the level

of challenge requires technical competition

Scientific Challenge Incredible Tools


Defense Programs

Department of Energy and other agencies have defined major challenges for the field of high energy density physics


Defense Programs

High Energy Density Physics is a key discipline underpinning Stockpile Stewardship

• Extreme conditions in temperature, density, pressure allow investigation of a large span of

physical states.

• These extreme conditions are required to meet national security needs but also enable

contributions to a broad span of basics physics including astrophysics, materials in extreme

conditions and many other sub-disciplines.

• Stewardship of HED and plasma science provides essential support for the NNSA mission.


Defense Programs

NNSA / Office of Science Collaboration in HED Basic Science(cont.)

• Established Joint Program in HED Laboratory Plasmas

– Funding from both NNSA and Office of Fusion Energy Science

– Annual funding level $7 M

– ~25 grants awarded

– Joint Program awardees (H. Kapteyn and M. Murnane) won the 2010

Schawlow Prize in Laser Science and the 2010 R.W. Wood Prize from

Optical Society of America

• Held the 2009 ReNeW Workshop (Basic Research Needs for HED

Laboratory Plasmas)

– Report has just been published


Defense Programs

NNSA collaborates with the DOE Office of Science in encouraging HED basic science

Cont.


Defense Programs

Technical competition will ensure that the best ideas are advanced

• Competitive solicitation for science at ICF facilities– 40 proposals submitted 2010

• Joint programs with office of science– HEDLP: $7M, 25 grants

• Healthy balance between large and small facilities to enable technical innovation

selection of these experiments will proceed through an open, transparent proposal and peer-review process … - letter to Bill Brinkman

Documents

OMB Brief Oct. 2009 1 Defense Programs Fusion in the NNSA Donald L. Cook Deputy Administrator for Defense Programs National Nuclear Security Administration