NATIH Fm

NAHR Umr Fm

SHUAIBA Fm

KHARAIBFm

SALIL Fm

RAYDA Fm

N S

LEKHWAIR Fm

HABSHANFm

Oman Mountains CentralOman

200m

100Km

Base Cretaceous Unconformity

Base Aruma Unconformity

MARGINAL MARINE TO CONTINENTAL SANDS

SHALES

PLATFORM CARBONATES

LAGOONAL (OCC. ARGILLACEOUS) CARBONATES

PLATFORM EDGE / SLOPE CARBONATES

ARGILLACEOUS CARBONATE SLOPE DEPOSITS

PELAGIC CARBONATES AND CHERTS

KEROGENOUS CHALKS

TURONIAN

CENOMANIAN

ALBIAN

NATIH

NAHR UMR

SHUAIBA

KHARAIB

APTIAN

BARREMIAN

HAUTERIVIAN

CR

ETA

CE

OU

S

LOW

ER

UP

PE

R

(HAQ ET AL 1998)

VALANGINIAN

BERRIASIAN

144

RAYDASALI

L

HABSHAN

LEKHWAIR

135132

126.5

121

112

93.5

89

99

MA

HD & MVS 2000

S N

STRUCTURAL HIGHSDEFORMED HUQF

AND NIMR GROUPS

ALLUVIAL FAN BRAID PLAIN BRAID DELTA PLATFORM SHELFBRAID DELTA FRONT

AL BASHAIR MBRMABROUK MBR

AMIN CGL SST MBR BARIK SST MBR

AEOLIAN SANDS

AMIN FM.MIQRAT FM.

PLAYA

Gharif (Permian) Depositional Model (Robertson)

Base Level

HST

LST

Base Level

HST

HST

Base Level

LST

A3 Base Level

LSTBase Level

HST

Base Level

HSTSea Level

Top Buah

HarweelPlatfor

m(HP)

BirbaPlatform

(BP)Athel

Trough

EasternFlank

B-1 Marker

LST

A2

A1

A4

A5

Ara Group (Precambrian-Cambrian) Depositional Model.

Palaeogeography of the Continental Margin in OmanEarly Campanian (Fiqa) times

(Modified After Robertson, 1987)

Lower to Middle Cretaceous Carbonate Platform

Haima (Cambrium to Ordovician) Depositional Model.

ZZ

Z

ZZ Z Z

Z ZZ

Rapidly erodingtropical landmass

CoastalSiliciclastics

Unstable muddyshelf floor

Flexural bulgeUplift of former shelf edge,erosion down to at leastPermian (Wasia-Aruma break)

Permian-Mid Cretaceousstable platform succession

Prograding muddy deltaFault reactivatedPre-Permian basement

Ferruginous crustsand nodules

Ponded turbiditesin foreland basin

Oman mountainfront

Coastal and shoal shell banks,?tidal currents hardgrounds

SW NE

50 to 100km

Slump Scar

Slump Scar

Glaciofluvialoutwash plain

Sublacustrineoutwash

Varved lacustrinemuds

Lodgement / meltout till

Delta foreset

Basement

Fluvial /alluvial sandand gravel

Modified from : Reading, H.G. (1986) Sedimentary Environments and Facies, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp.615.

Ice pushedridges Local grounded

icesheet

Rain out till

Supra glacial

Sub glacial

Instable slopes,turbidites

Grounding line /sequence boundary

Floating Icetongue

Al Khlata (Permo-Carboniferous) Depositional ModelGlacial-related deposits in and around lakes.

Basement (BM)

Ghadir Manqil Fm.(QBGM)

Masirah Bay Fm.**(QNMB)

Khufai Fm. (QNKI)

Shuram Fm.(QNSH)

Buah Fm. (QNBH)

Birba Fm. (QABB)

Al Noor Fm. (QANO)

Dhahaban Fm. (QADB)

Karim Fm. (HNKA)

Haradh Fm. (HNHA)

Athel Fm. (QAAT) /'U' Fm.(QAUU)

Amin Fm. (HMAN)

Barik Mbr. (HMAAB)

Barakat Mbr. (HMAAK)

Ghudun Fm. (HMGD)

Mahwis Fm. (HMMA)/Miqrat Fm. (HMMQ)

Al Bashair Mbr. (HMAAA)

Saih Nihayda Fm.(HFSN)

HasirahFm.(HFHR)

SahmahFm.(HFSM)

Al Khlata Fm.(HSAK)

Gharif Fm.(HSGH)

Khuff Fm.(PTK)

Upper Mbr. (PTKFU)

Sudair Fm.(PTSD)

Jilh Fm.(PTJL)

Mafraq Fm.(DMAS)

Dhruma Fm.(DMDR)

Tuwaiq Fm.(DMTW)

Hanifa Fm. (DMHF)Jubaila Fm. (DMJU)

200m

Salil Fm. (THSL)

Habshan Fm. (THHB)

Lekhwair Fm. (THLE)

Kharaib Fm. (THKH)Shuaiba Fm. (THSU)Nahr Umr Fm. (WANU)

Natih Fm.(WANA)

Fiqa Fm. (ARFQ)

Simsima Fm. (ARSM)

UER Fm(JRRH)

Rus Fm. (JRRU)Damman Fm. (JRDM)

'Clastics, Evaporites'(DZFC)/'Taqa Fm. (DZTA)FA

RS

(DZ)

HA

DR

AM

AU

T(J

R)

AR

UM

A(A

R)

WA

SIA

(WA

)K

AH

MA

H(T

H)

SA

HTA

N(D

M)

AK

HD

AR

(PT)

HA

US

HI

(HS

)M

AH

ATTA

HU

MA

ID(H

M)

MIS

FAR

(MF)

SA

FIQ

(HF)

NIM

R*

(HN

)A

RA

(QA

)N

AFU

N(Q

N)

AB

UM

AH

AR

A(Q

B)

HA

IMA

SU

PE

RG

RO

UP

(H)

HU

QF

SU

PE

RG

RO

UP

(Q)

Formation/Member(Regeo code)(Super)Group

Upper Mbr. (JRRHU)

Middle Mbr. (JRRHM)

Shammar Mbr. (JRRHM)

a Mbr. (WANAA)b Mbr. (WANAB)c Mbr. (WANAC)d Mbr. (WANAD)e Mbr. (WANAE)f Mbr. (WANAF)g Mbr. (WANAG)

Andam Fm.(HMAA)

Rayda Fm. (THRA)

* Nimr Gp. previously in Haima Supergroup** Masirah Bay Fm. previously in Abu Mahara Gp.

Composite Stratigraphic Column

Mabrouk Mbr. (HMAAM)

Shargi Mbr. (ARFQS)

Arada Mbr. (ARFQA)

Upper Mbr. (DMASU)

Lower Mbr. (DMASL)

Middle Mbr. (PTKFM)

Upper Mbr. (HSGHU)

Middle Mbr. (HSGHM)Lower Mbr. (HSGHL)

P1 Mbr. (HSAL1)

P5 Mbr. (HSAL5)

P9 Mbr. (HSAL9)

Lower Mbr. (PTKFL)

‘Mirbat Sandstone’

Palaeogeographic Maps(Sharland et al. 2001)

late Eocene to PresentAP11: 34 -0 Ma

Early Cenozoic to latest EoceneAP10: 63 -34 Ma

Late Cretaceous toEarly CenozoicAP9: 92 -63 Ma

Late Jurassic toLate CretaceousAP8: 149 -92 Ma

Early to Late JurassicAP7: 149 -92 Ma

mid-Permianto Early JurassicAP6: 255 -182 Ma

Late Carboniferousto mid-PermianAP5: 295 -255 Ma

Late Devonian toLate CarboniferousAP4: 364 -295 Ma

Late Ordovician(c. 445 Ma)

Early Cambrian to Late OrdovicianAP2: 520-445 Ma)

late Precambrian to Early CambrianAP1: 610-520 Ma)

late Precambrianc. 715- c.610 Ma)

GeologicalEvents

Uplift and folding of OmanMountains NE-SW compressionrelated to Zagros continent-continent collison

Volcanic Intrusions northedge Oman Mountains

'Laramide' orogenic phase,NW-SE shortening: obliqueobduction in East related tonorthward movement of India .

Collision of oceanic subductioncomplex with Arabian plate

Regional uplift and erosion related toflexural bulge

Development of foreland basin

Emplacement of nappes, NE-SW extensionrelated to downbending crust

Uplift related to break-awayof India followed by develop-ment passive margin alongeastern Oman and collapseof North Oman margin

Submarine volcanics in Saih Hatat area

Uplift related to failed attempt toopen Indian Ocean?

Break-up of Gondwana andopening Neotethys develop-ment of passive margin in NorthOman

Gon

dwan

agl

acia

tion

Thermal doming and erosion innorthern and eastern Omanpreceding break-up ofGondwana

'Hercynian Orogeny'?NW-SE compression

Gondwana glaciation

Mafic intrusions Huqf area

'Angudan unconformity'

Volcanics

Volcanics

Gaskiers Glacial Epoch

Formation NE-SW trending SaltBasins in an orogenic retro-arcsetting

Pan

afric

anor

ogen

y:ac

cret

ion

ofis

land

arcs

and

mic

roco

ntin

ents

Regional subsidence related todepression of lithosphere asso-ciated with subduction of oce-anic crust under northeast mar-gin of Arabian plate

Najd strike slip fault tectonics(570 - 530 Ma)

Sturtian Glacial Epoch

Extension of compositebasement terrain

PDO Drawing No.: 104126 PC

3) Base Ordovician (490 million years)

2) Base Cambrian (543 million years)

Angudan missing overburden

Ghudun - Khasfah - High South Oman Salt Basin Eastern Flank

Mahwis/Amin

Nimr Clastics

Ara Clastics

Ara Salt

Athel

Ara Carbonate

Nafun

Masirah Bay

Ghadir Manqil Basement+ +

+ + + ++ + + +

+

+

+

+

+ +

+

+

+

+

+

+ + + ++ + + +

+

+

+ +

+

+

+

+

+ +

+

+ + + ++ + + +

+

+

+

+

+ +

+

++

+

+

+

3

2

1

?

?

?

1) Top Nafun (~550 Ma)

Cambrian Tectonostratigraphic Evolutionof the South Oman Salt Basin

(Schematic from seismic )

10’s

to15

0m

10’s

to15

0m

A1A1

A3A3

A2

A4A4A5

A6 MassiveAnhydrite

ShallowPonds

Cross-lam.and lam.

Mudstones toGrainstones

Shallowsubtidal

SapropelicLaminites; occ .Thrombolites

Deepersubtidal(below

wavebase)

MassiveAnhydrite

Halite

ShallowPonds

Dissolution Residue

Lithology SettingARA GROUP CYCLESShallow Deep

Huqf Supergroup Regional and Reservoir Stratigraphy

OMAN SUBSURFACE STRATIGRAPHY

Limestone shallow water

Limestone deep water

Dolomite

Marl

Anhydrite

Salt

Shale

Sandstone

Siltstone

Conglomerate

Silicilyte

Tuff

Igneous/Metamorphic Basement

Source rock potential

Diamictite

LEGEND:

PIACENZIANL0.011.83.65.37.1

11.2

14.816.4

20.5

23.8

28.5

33.7

37.0

41.3

49.0

54.8

57.9

61.0

65.0

E

L

E

L

M

E

L

M

E

E

L

ZANCLEANMESSINIAN

TORTONIAN

SERRAVALLIANLANGHIAN

BURDIGALIAN

AQUITANIAN

CHATTIAN

RUPELIAN

PRIABONIAN

BARTONIAN

LUTETIAN

YPRESIAN

DANIAN

THANETIAN

SELANDIAN

CALABRIAN

LATE

EARLY

LATE

EARLY

MIDDLE

MIDDLE

MAASTRICHTIAN

252.1

256.0

260.0

269.0

282.0

304.0

290.0

327.0

342.0

354.0

364.0

370.0

380.0

391.0

400.0

412.0

417.0

423.0

428.0

443.0

449.0

458.0

464.0

485.0

490.0

506.0

509.0

498.0

543.0

71.3

83.585.8

89.0

93.5

99.0

112.2

121.0

127.0

132.0

137.0

144.2

150.7

154.1

164.4

159.4

CAMPANIAN

TATARIAN

UFIMIAN-KAZANIAN

KUNGURIAN

ARTINSKIAN

SAKMARIAN

ASSELIAN

STEPHANIAN

WESTPHALIAN

NAMURIAN

VISEAN

TOURNAISIAN

FAMENNIAN

FRASNIAN

GIVETIAN

EIFELIAN

EMSIAN

PRAGHIAN

LOCKHOVIAN

PRIDOLIAN

WENLOCKIAN

LLANDOVERIAN

ASHGILLIAN

CARADOCIAN

LLANDEILIAN

LLANVIRNIAN

ARENIGIAN

TREMADOCIAN

SANTONIANCONIACIAN

TURONIAN

CENOMA-NIAN

ALBIAN

APTIAN

BARREMIAN

HAUTERIVIAN

VALANGINIAN

BERRIASIAN

TITHONIAN

KIMMERIDGIAN

OXFORDIAN

CALLOVIAN

BATHONIAN

BAJOCIAN

AALENIAN

TOARCIAN

PLIENSBACHIAN

SINEMURIAN

HETTANGIAN

NORIAN

RHAETIAN

CARNIAN

LADINIAN

ANISIAN

OLENEKIAN

169.2

176.5180.1

195.3

189.6

201.9

205.7

209.6

234.3

227.4

248.2

244.8

241.7

315.0

L

L

M

E

E

E

L

L

L

M

10

20

30

50

60

40

70

90

80

100

120

130

110

140

160

150

170

190

200

180

210

230

220

240

260

270

250

280

300

290

310

330

340

320

350

370

360

380

400

410

390

420

440

430

450

470

480

460

490

510

500

520

540

550

530

560

580

570

590

610

620

600

630

650

640

660

680

690

670

700

720

710

730

750

760

740

770

790

780

INDUAN

LUDLOVIAN

AKSAYANSAKSIAN

AYUSOKKANIA

MAYAN

AMGAN

512.0

517.0

521.0

TOYONIAN

BOTOMIAN

ATDABANIAN

TOMMOTIAN

NEMAKIT-DALDYNIAN

530.0

565.0

EDIACARAN

TER

MIN

ALN

EOPR

OTE

RO

ZOIC

600.0

MARINOAN

700.0

POST STURTIAN

STURTIAN

CR

YOG

ENIA

NN

EOPR

OTE

RO

ZOIC

'VEN

DIA

N'

HOLOCENEPLEISTOCENE

PLIOCENE

MIO

CEN

E

NEO

GEN

E

OLI

GO

CEN

EEO

CEN

EPA

LEO

CEN

E

PALE

OG

ENE

LATE

EARLY

CAR

BO

NIF

ERO

US

CR

ETAC

EOU

SJU

RAS

SIC

TRIA

SSIC

PER

MIA

ND

EVO

NIA

N

E

SILU

RIA

NO

RD

OVI

CIA

NC

AMB

RIA

N

AGE(Ma) PERIOD

QUATERNARY

EPOCH AGE PICK(Ma)

'RIP

HEA

N'

L

M

E

E

M

ERA

CEN

OZO

ICM

ESO

ZOIC

PALA

EOZO

ICTE

RTI

ARY

419.0

470.0

220.7

800

Time scale adapted from: The Geological Society of America 1999 timescale compiled by Palmer, A.R. and Geissman, J.. Sources for nomencla-ture and ages: primarily from Gradstein, F., and Ogg, J., 1996, Episodes, v. 19, nos, 1&2; Gradstein, F., et al., 1995, SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 95-128;Berggren, W.A., et al., 1995 SEPM Special Pub. 54, p. 129-212; Basal Ordovician ages adapted from Landing, E., 1998, Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, v. 35, p. 329-338; and Davidek, K., et al., 1998 Geological Magazine, v. 135, p 305-309. Cambrian age picks and nomenclatureand Neo Proterozoic nomenclature from Braiser 1999 (Internal PDO report)

10

20

30

50

60

40

70

90

80

100

120

130

110

140

160

150

170

190

200

180

210

230

220

240

260

270

250

280

300

290

310

330

340

320

350

370

360

380

400

410

390

420

440

430

450

470

480

460

490

510

500

520

540

550

530

560

580

570

590

610

620

600

630

650

640

660

680

690

670

700

720

710

730

750

760

740

770

790

780

800

AGE(Ma)

F78

F77

F76F75

F73-F74F72F71 1

2F68 F687

F685F683

F66F65

F67

F64?

F62

F61

F577-5

3

596522

802

F5637

F55 73

F54F53

F52 73

F51

571

648

578

850

F47

3

5

79

4214

F45

3

5

7

4009 B

A

4191

2262 B

A

2242 F307

3

2255

2247

2241

2370

2351 1095

2103

2252

2190

FZA

2141 B

A

2165

2159

2121

1003

1005

1012

1098

1108

Palyn. Micropal. Sharland etal. 2001

(* = time shifted)

NG40NG30NG20

NG23

PG30

PG20

PG10

K180

K170

K160K150

K140K130K120K110

K100

K90

K80

K70K60K50K40

K30K20

K10

J110

J100J90J80 J70

J60J50

J40

J30

J20

J10

TR80

TR70

TR60

TR50

TR40

TR30TR20TR10P40 P30P20

P10

C10

D30

S20

S10

O40

O20O10*

CM30*

CM20*

CM10*

PC20*

PC10*

AP1

AP2AP1

AP3AP2

AP4AP3

AP5AP4

AP6AP5

AP7AP6

AP8AP7

AP9AP8

AP10AP9

AP11AP10

9

N S

Time Stratigraphy

By Henk Droste, July 2001 with contributions from Pieter. Spaak, Peter Osterloff, Joachim Amthor, Juma Al Belushi, Hisham Al Siyabi, JohnGrotzinger and Mohammed Al Tonbary.

PDO

D20

D10

O30

SequenceStratigraphy

PetroleumGeologyBiozonationGeological Timescale

?

? ?

?

Masirah Bay

Khufai

Fars Taqa

Shuram

Buah

Ara

Ghadir Manqil

Karim

Haradh

Amin

Miqrat Mahwis

Al Bashair

Barik

BarakatMabrouk

Ghudun

Saih Nihayda

Hasirah

Sahmah

Misfar

Al Khlata P9

Al Khlata P5

Al Khlata P1

Al Khlata Rahab

Lower Gharif

Haushi lmst

Middle & Upper Gharif Lower Khuff

Upper Khuff

Jilh

Sudair

'Minjur'

Lower Mafraq

Upper Mafraq

Dhruma

Tuwaiq

Hanifa

Condensed section?

Arab?

Rayda

Salil

Habshan

Lekhwair

KharaibShuaiba 'Mesozoic clastics'

Nahr Umr

Natih

Fiqa Shargi

Fiqa Arada

SimsimaShammar UER

Damman

Fars 'clastics & evaporites Note: Fars lithologies schematic!

Und

iffer

entia

ted!

Middle Khuff

RUS

Natih

Shuaiba

Kharaib

Lekhwair

Mes.Clast.

Rayda

Mafraq

Jilh

Sudair

Gharif

Al Khlata

Safiq

Ghudun

Barik

Miqrat

MahwisAmin

Haradh

Karim

AraAthelBirba

Buah

Oil + conden-sate Exp IP asper Feb 2001

2000 x106m3

1000 x106m3

< 400 x106m3

Natih

Shuaiba

Rayda

Dhruma

Mafraq

Sudair

Gharif

Al Khlata

Barik

Miqrat

Amin

Ara

Buah

ShammarShale

Fiqa Shale

Intra-NatihShale

NahrUmrShale

Intr. ShuaibaShaleHawarArg. LmstLekhwairArg. LmstMes.Clast.

Salil Arg. Lmst

Rayda Lmst

Mafraq Shale

Sudair Shale

Intra KhuffShales

Khuff Khuff

Basal KhuffShale

Intra- GharifShales

Al KhlataRahab Shale

Safiq Shale

MabroukShale

Miqrat siltst.

Haradh Siltst.

Karim Shale

Ara Salt

500 x109m3

< 100 x109m3

250 x109m3

Non Ass. GasExp IP as perFeb 2001

Seals tobookedreserves as perFeb 2001

200 accumul.

< 20 accumul.

Hydrocarbons Seals SourceRocksOil Gas

TaqaShale

ShammarShale

Natih b&echalk

Shuaibachalk

Fiqa Shale

Damman

Khuff

Gharif shale

Misfar Shale

SahmahShale

Al KhlataRahab Shale

? Hanifachalk

Buah/Shuram

Ara Silicilyte,ShaleCarb stringers

Abu Mahara

Khufai

Source rockdata fromRKTR84.099and Terken etal. 1999

Thin/Marginal

Good

BasalNahr Umr

Jubaila

Gas Gen.Oil Gen.

Oil generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman(scale oil generation rate 70 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)

Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR)

Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)

Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR)

Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)

Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)

Gas generation histories for the different source rocks in Oman(scale dry gas generation rate 1.5 - 0 kg/m2/Ma)

Rim basin (West margin of GSB, Dhahaban SR)

Fahud Salt Basin (Dhahaban SR)

Foreland Basin (Diyab/Hanifa SR)

Foreland Basin (Shuaiba and Natih SR)

Ghaba and South Oman Salt Basins (Huqf SR)

‘Mirbat Sst.’

*

100 km

18o

** **

*

*

*

**

*

**

* *

*** * *

**

55o 57o

**

??

Oman Petroleum Systems

20o

22o

Migration paths

Fields / Shows

LEGENDMZ & TT kitchen areas

Huqf and/or Q SR

Shuaiba/Hanifa SR

Natih SR

PZ kitchen areasHuqf SR

*

Huqf / Q mixHuqf

*Q*

Tuwaiq

*

Athel, Buah,U, Shuram

*

Natih*

*Gas Fields

B*