OM 12_31 Report of the Acting General Counsel Concerning Social Media Cases

8/3/2019 OM 12_31 Report of the Acting General Counsel Concerning Social Media Cases

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/om-1231-report-of-the-acting-general-counsel-concerning-social-media-cases 1/35

LEEABK LE PFK GKOKTHC BL[ORKC@auaralo le Lzkthpalor.Nhohgknkop

NKNLTHO@[N LN 84.28 Mho{htq 40# 4:84

Pl= Hcc Tkgalohc @atkbpltr# Leeabktr.ao.Bfhtgk#ho` Tkra`kop Leeabktr

Etln= Hook Z{tbkcc# Hrrlbahpk Gkokthc Bl{orkc

R{dmkbp= Tkzltp le pfk Hbpaog Gkokthc Bl{orkcBlobktoaog Rlbahc Nkàh Bhrkr

Hpphbfk` ar ho {z`hpk` tkzltp etln pfk Hbpaog GkokthcBl{orkc blobktoaog rlbahc nkàh bhrkr wapfao pfk chrp qkht/

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Hpphbfnkop

bb= OCTD[Tkckhrk pl pfk Z{dcab

NKNLTHO@[N LN 84.28



OHPALOHC CHDLT TKCHPALOR DLHT@

LEEABK LE PFK GKOKTHC BL[ORKC

WHRFAOGPLO# @/B/ 4:;7:

TKZLTP LE PFK GKOKTHC BL[ORKC

Lo H{g{rp 86# 4:88# A arr{k` h tkzltp ztkrkopaog bhrk`kukclznkopr htaraog ao pfk blopkvp le pl`hq‑r rlbahcnkàh/ Hr A olpk` ao pfhp tkzltp# rlbahc nkàh aobc{`kuhtal{r locaok pkbfolclgq pllcr pfhp kohdck zklzck pl

blnn{oabhpk khracq uah pfk aopktokp pl rfhtk aoeltnhpaloho` tkrl{tbkr/ Pfkrk pllcr bho koblnzhrr pkvp# h{àl#ua`kl# anhgkr# zl`bhrpr# ho` lpfkt n{cpankàhblnn{oabhpalor/ Bhrkr blobktoaog pfk ztlpkbpk` ho`,ltblobktpk` ohp{tk le knzclqkkr‑ rlbahc nkàh zlrpaogr ho`pfk chwe{cokrr le knzclqktr‑ rlbahc nkàh zlcabakr ho`t{ckr blopao{k pl dk ztkrkopk` pl pfk Tkgalohc Leeabkr ho`htk pfko r{dnappk` pl pfk @auaralo le Hùabk ao Whrfaogploelt nq blora`kthpalo/ Ao h`àpalo# pfkrk arr{kr ho` pfkatptkhpnkop dq pfk OCTD blopao{k pl dk h –flp plzab„ hnlogzthbpapaloktr# f{nho tkrl{tbk ztlekrralohcr# pfk nkàh# ho`pfk z{dcab/ Hbbltàogcq# A hn arr{aog pfar rkblo` tkzltplo el{tpkko tkbkop bhrkr pfhp ztkrkop knktgaog arr{kr ao

pfk blopkvp le rlbahc nkàh/

A flzk pfhp pfar tkzltp wacc blopao{k pl ztlua`kg{a`hobk hr pfar htkh le pfk chw `kukclzr/

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@arbfhtgk elt Ehbkdlli Blnnkopr ho` Elt Ualchpalo leOlo.@arzhthgknkop T{ck Whr [ochwe{c

Ao pfar bhrk# wk h``tkrrk` pfk chwe{cokrr le pfkKnzclqkt‑r t{ck ztlfadapaog knzclqkkr etln –àrzhthgaog„

pfk Knzclqkt ao hoq nkàh/ Wk hcrl cllik` hp pfkKnzclqkt‑r pktnaohpalo le pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt zlrpaogblnnkopr btapabhc le pfk Knzclqkt lo Ehbkdlli/ Wk el{o`pfhp pfk t{ck whr {ochwe{c ho` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt ualchpk`pfk Hbp wfko ap pktnaohpk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt fktztlpkbpk` blobktpk` Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr ho` z{tr{hop pl pfkt{ck/

Pfk Knzclqkt ar h blcckbpalor hgkobq/ Pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq wltik` ao pfk aodl{o` bhccr gtl{z hp lok le pfkKnzclqkt‑r bhcc bkopktr/ Pfar gtl{z lzkthpkr àeektkopcqetln pfk lpfkt bcakop gtl{zr# wfabf {rk h bhccaog rqrpknpfhp h{plnhpabhccq àhcr pfk o{ndkt le h `kdplt etln h ztk.

ztlgthnnk` carp/ Pfk knzclqkkr pfko ckhuk h ulabknhac# ltae pfkq tkhbf pfk blttkbp zktrlo# pfkq hppknzp pl blouaobkpfk zktrlo pl nhik pfk zhqnkopr lwk`/ Pfk aodl{o` bhccrgtl{z ar tkrzloradck elt horwktaog hcc tkp{toaog zflokbhccr etln `kdpltr/ Hbbltàog pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq#knzclqkkr ao pfk aodl{o` gtl{z htk hdck pl blcckbp nltknlokq pfho knzclqkkr wfl nhik l{pdl{o` bhccr dkbh{rk pflrkao pfk aodl{o` gtl{z blookbp wapf h cauk zktrlo ho`dkbh{rk# elt pfk nlrp zhtp# aoàua`{hcr wfl tkp{to bhccrhtk aopktkrpk` ao tkzhqaog pfkat `kdpr/

Knzclqkkr htk zha` ho fl{tcq thpk ho` dlo{rkr dhrk` lopfk plphc hnl{op le zhqnkopr pfkq rkb{tk etln `kdpltr/Knzclqkkr ao pfk aodl{o` bhccr gtl{z khto nltk# lo pfkwflck# pfho knzclqkkr ao pfk l{pdl{o` rkbpalor/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq wltik` ao pfk aodl{o` bhccr gtl{z elthzztlvanhpkcq rkuko qkhtr/ Rfk hrrktpk` pfhp rfk whr pfkrkblo` dkrp zkteltnaog knzclqkk ao pfk gtl{z dhrk` lo pfkulc{nk le zhqnkopr tkbkauk`# ho` pf{r pfhp rfk khtok` hragoaeabhop zltpalo le blnzkorhpalo ao dlo{rkr/

Lo Lbpldkt 7# 4:8:# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r r{zktuarltraoeltnk` fkt pfhp `{k pl clw bhcc ulc{nk ao pfk aodl{o`bhccr gtl{z# rfk whr dkaog nluk` pl lok le pfk l{pdl{o`bhccr gtl{zr/ Pfk elcclwaog `hq# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq

hzztlhbfk` fkt r{zktuarlt ho` kvztkrrk` fkt et{rpthpalowapf pfk pthorekt `kbaralo# htg{aog pfhp gauko fkt fagfzkteltnhobk ckukc# ap à` olp nhik rkork pl pthorekt fkt/

Hepkt httauaog flnk# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` hrphp{r {z`hpk lo fkt Ehbkdlli zhgk/ [raog kvzckpaukr# rfkrphpk` pfk Knzclqkt fh` nkrrk` {z ho` pfhp rfk whr `lokwapf dkaog h gll` knzclqkk/



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Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr Ehbkdlli –etako`r„ wapfhzztlvanhpkcq 8: blwltiktr# aobc{àog fkt àtkbpr{zktuarlt/ Lok blwltikt aoàbhpk` rfk whr –tagfp dkfao`„pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` whr hcrl hogtq/ Holpfkt blwltiktnh`k h ranacht blnnkop/ Rkukthc eltnkt knzclqkkr hcrlzlrpk`# wapf lok le pfkn blnnkopaog pfhp locq dh` dkfhualt

gkpr tkwht`k`# ho` pfhp flokrpq# aopkgtapq# ho` blnnapnkophtk h eltkago chog{hgk pl pfkn/ Pfar blwltikt hcrl wtlpkpfhp pfk Knzclqkt wl{c` thpfkt zhq pfk $1 ho fl{t zklzckho` gkp ta` le fagfkt zha`# rnhtpkt zklzck/ Pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq tkrzlo`k` ho` aoàbhpk` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt bl{c` ikkzpfk $1 ho fl{t zklzck wfl wl{c` gkp pfk Knzclqkt r{k`/Holpfkt eltnkt knzclqkk bhcck` elt h bchrr hbpalo# rphpaogpfhp pfktk wktk kol{gf rnhtp zklzck pl gkp pfkn r{k`/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkp{tok` pl wlti lo Lbpldkt 84/ Hppfk ko` le pfk `hq# rfk whr plc` pfhp rfk whr dkaogpktnaohpk` `{k pl fkt blnnkopr lo Ehbkdlli# ho` pfkKnzclqkt rflwk` fkt h blzq le fkt Ehbkdlli whcc etln

Lbpldkt 6/

Ho knzclqkt ualchpkr Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! pftl{gf pfknhaopkohobk le h wlti t{ck ae pfhp t{ck –wl{c` tkhrlohdcqpko` pl bfacc knzclqkkr ao pfk kvktbark le pfkat Rkbpalo 7tagfpr/„ Chehqkppk Zhti Flpkc# 245 OCTD 640# 64; &8116!#koe`/ 4:2 E/2` ;4 &@/B/ Bat/ 8111!/ Pfk Dlht` {rkr h pwl.rpkz aox{atq pl `kpktnaok ae h wlti t{ck wl{c` fhuk r{bf hokeekbp/ C{pfktho Fktaphgk Uacchgk‒Cauloah# 202 OCTD 505#507 &4::0!/ Eatrp# h t{ck ar bckhtcq {ochwe{c ae apkvzcabapcq tkrptabpr Rkbpalo 7 ztlpkbpk` hbpauapakr/ Aepfk t{ck `lkr olp kvzcabapcq tkrptabp ztlpkbpk` hbpauapakr#ap wacc locq ualchpk Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! {zlo h rflwaogpfhp=&8! knzclqkkr wl{c` tkhrlohdcq blorpt{k pfk chog{hgkpl ztlfadap Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq9 &4! pfk t{ck whrztln{cghpk` ao tkrzlork pl {oalo hbpauapq9 lt &2! pfk t{ckfhr dkko hzzcak` pl tkrptabp pfk kvktbark le Rkbpalo 7tagfpr/

Pfk Knzclqkt‑r t{ck ztlfadapk` –Yn^hiaog àrzhthgaogblnnkopr hdl{p pfk blnzhoq pftl{gf hoq nkàh# aobc{àoglocaok dclgr# lpfkt kckbptloab nkàh lt pftl{gf pfk nkàh/„Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfar t{ck whr {ochwe{c dkbh{rk ap wl{c`tkhrlohdcq dk blorpt{k` pl tkrptabp Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq#r{bf hr rphpknkopr pfhp pfk Knzclqkt ar# elt kvhnzck# olp

ptkhpaog knzclqkkr ehatcq lt zhqaog pfkn r{eeabakopcq/E{tpfkt# pfk t{ck blophaok` ol canapaog chog{hgk pfhp wl{c`bchtaeq pl knzclqkkr pfhp pfk t{ck `lkr olp tkrptabpRkbpalo 7 tagfpr/

Wk okvp blora`ktk` pfk knzclqkt‑r àrbfhtgk le pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq/ Ao pfk Nkqktr bhrkr# pfk Dlht` kvzchaok`pfhp ho hbpauapq ar blobktpk` wfko ho knzclqkk hbpr –wapflt lo pfk h{pfltapq le lpfkt knzclqkkr ho` olp rlckcq dqho` lo dkfhce le pfk knzclqkk fanrkce/„ Nkqktr Ao`{rptakr



;

&Nkqktr A!# 456 OCTD 012# 017 &8160!# tku`/ r{d oln/ Ztaccu/ OCTD# 7;; E/4` 108 &@/B/ Bat/ 816;!#bktp/ `koak` 070[/R/ 106 &816;!# lo tknho` Nkqktr Ao`{rptakr &Nkqktr AA!#468 OCTD 664 &8165!# hee`/ r{d oln/ Ztacc u/ OCTD# 62; E/4`8068 &@/B/ Bat/ 8167!# bktp/ `koak` 067 [/R/ 84:; &8166!/Pfk `keaoapalo le blobktpk` hbpauapq –koblnzhrrkr pflrk

batb{nrphobkr wfktk aoàua`{hc knzclqkkr rkki pl aoapahpklt pl ao`{bk lt pl ztkzhtk elt gtl{z hbpalo/„ Nkqktr AA#468 OCTD hp 667/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fktk aoapahpk` pfk Ehbkdlliàrb{rralo dkbh{rk pfk Knzclqkt pthorekttk` fkt pl h ckrrc{bthpauk zlrapalo/ Ao tkrzlork# blwltiktr ho` eltnktblwltiktr tkrzlo`k`/ Rlnk le pfk blnnkopr kbflk` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r et{rpthpalor wapf pfk Knzclqkt‑r ptkhpnkople knzclqkkr# ho` lok eltnkt blwltikt r{ggkrpk` phiaogblobktpk` hbpauapq pftl{gf pfk eacaog le h bchrr hbpalochwr{ap/ Pf{r# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r aoapahc Ehbkdllirphpknkop# ho` pfk àrb{rralo ap gkokthpk`# bckhtcq

aoulcuk` blnzchaopr hdl{p wltiaog bloàpalor ho` pfkKnzclqkt‑r ptkhpnkop le apr knzclqkkr ho` bckhtcq ekccwapfao pfk Dlht`‑r `keaoapalo le blobktpk` hbpauapq# wfabfkoblnzhrrkr knzclqkk aoapahpalo le gtl{z hbpalo pftl{gf pfkàrb{rralo le blnzchaopr wapf ekcclw knzclqkkr/

Wk hcrl blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt {ochwe{ccqpktnaohpk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ao tkrzlork pl fkt ztlpkbpk`hbpauapq/ Fktk# hr ho aoapahc nhppkt# pfktk ar ol àrz{pkpfhp pfk Knzclqkt iokw hdl{p pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdllirphpknkopr ho` pfhp ap pktnaohpk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq aotkrzlork pl pflrk rphpknkopr dkbh{rk pfk Knzclqktrzkbaeabhccq bapk` pfkn pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hr pfk tkhrloelt fkt àrbfhtgk/ E{tpfkt# pfk kua`kobk r{zzltpr pfkblobc{ralo pfhp pfk Knzclqkt àrbfhtgk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqrzkbaeabhccq hr h tkr{cp le pfk ztlpkbpk` ohp{tk le fktzlrpr# a/k/# dkbh{rk pfkq wktk elnkopaog h`àpalohcàrb{rralo hnlog knzclqkkr hdl{p wltizchbk ztldcknr/ Wkel{o` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt {ochwe{ccq pktnaohpk` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq ao tkphcahpalo elt fkt ztlpkbpk` e{p{tk blobktpk`hbpauapq/

Eaohccq# wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r àrbfhtgk lepfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hcrl ualchpk` Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! dkbh{rk apwhr nh`k z{tr{hop pl apr {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh` olo.

àrzhthgknkop t{ck/ Pfk Dlht` tkbkopcq fkc` pfhp–àrbazcaok anzlrk` z{tr{hop pl ho {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`t{ck ualchpkr pfk Hbp ao pflrk rap{hpalor ao wfabf hoknzclqkk ualchpk` pfk t{ck dq &8! koghgaog ao ztlpkbpk`blo`{bp lt &4! koghgaog ao blo`{bp pfhp lpfktwarkanzcabhpkr pfk blobktor {o`ktcqaog Rkbpalo 7 le pfk Hbp/„Pfk Blopaokophc Gtl{z# Aob/# 2;7 OCTD Ol/ 21# rcaz lz/ hp 0&4:88!/ Ho knzclqkt wacc olp dk cahdck elt àrbazcaokanzlrk` z{tr{hop pl ho luktdtlh` t{ck ae ap bho krphdcarfpfhp pfk knzclqkk‑r blo`{bp hbp{hccq aopktektk` wapf pfk



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knzclqkk‑r lwo wlti lt pfhp le lpfkt knzclqkkr lt lpfktwarkhbp{hccq aopktektk` wapf pfk knzclqkt‑r lzkthpalor# ho`pfhp pfk aopktektkobk whr pfk tkhrlo elt pfk àrbazcaok/Fktk# pfk kua`kobk `knlorpthpkr pfhp pfk Knzclqktàrbfhtgk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq z{tr{hop pl apr {ochwe{ccqluktdtlh` t{ck/ Eaohccq# wk el{o` ol kua`kobk pfhp pfk

Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blo`{bp aopktektk` wapf fkt wlti lt pfhple lpfkt knzclqkkr/

@arbfhtgk elt Ehbkdlli Blnnkopr Whr Chwe{c# D{p RlbahcNkàh Zlcabq ho` Ol.Rlcabaphpalo T{ck Wktk Luktcq Dtlh`

Ao holpfkt bhrk# wk h``tkrrk` pfk Knzclqkt‑r àrbfhtgkle pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt fkt Ehbkdlli blnnkopr# ho` pfkKnzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq ho` apr ol.rlcabaphpalot{ck/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk àrbfhtgk à` olp ualchpk pfkHbp dkbh{rk pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr olp koghgk` ao blobktpk`hbpauapq/ Wk el{o`# flwkukt# pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc

nkàh zlcabq ho` ol.rlcabaphpalo t{ck wktk {ochwe{c/

Pfk knzclqkt lzkthpkr h bfhao le flnk anztluknkoprpltkr/ Lo Rkzpkndkt 8# 4:8:# ao tkrzlork pl ho aoba`kopwfktk fkt r{zktuarlt tkztanho`k` fkt ao etlop le pfkTkgalohc Nhohgkt elt ehacaog pl zkteltn h phri pfhp rfk fhòkukt dkko aorpt{bpk` pl zkteltn# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq {rk`fkt bkcc zflok `{taog fkt c{obf dtkhi pl {z`hpk fktEhbkdlli rphp{r wapf h blnnkop pfhp blorarpk` le hokvzckpauk ho` pfk ohnk le pfk Knzclqkt‑r rpltk/ El{taoàua`{hcr# aobc{àog lok le fkt blwltiktr# –caik`„ pfhprphp{r# ho` pwl lpfkt aoàua`{hcr blnnkopk` lo pfhp rphp{r/

Hdl{p 2: nao{pkr chpkt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk`hghao# pfar pank blnnkopaog pfhp pfk knzclqkt à` olphzztkbahpk apr knzclqkkr/ Hcpfl{gf rkukthc le pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r etako`r ho` tkchpaukr blnnkopk` lo pfar rkblo`zlrp# pfk el{t blwltiktr wfl wktk fkt Ehbkdlli –etako`r„à` olp tkrzlo`/

Ao pfk elcclwaog `hqr# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq aoeltnk` loklt pwl blwltiktr ho` h r{zktuarlt hdl{p pfk aoba`kop pfhpfh` ztlnzpk` fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpr/ Pfkrk aoàua`{hcr leektk`pfkat rqnzhpfq# d{p olok le pfkn aoàbhpk` pfhp pfkq uakwk`pfk aoba`kop hr h gtl{z blobkto lt `kratk` pl phik e{tpfkt

gtl{z hbpalo/ @{taog h rlbahc àookt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqhcrl nkopalok` pfk aoba`kop pl pfk rhnk blwltikt wfl–caik`„ fkt ltagaohc Ehbkdlli rphp{r/ Pfhp blwltiktkvztkrrk` rqnzhpfq ho` nhq fhuk gkokthccq tkektkobk` fktàrzckhr{tk wapf fkt lwo mld# d{p wlti.tkchpk` arr{kr wktkolp pfk ztanhtq r{dmkbp le pfkat blouktrhpalo/

Lo Lbpldkt ;# pfk Rpltk Nhohgkt ho` h F{nho Tkrl{tbkrNhohgkt aopktuakwk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` hrik` fkt plkvzchao fkt Ehbkdlli blnnkopr/ Rfk rphpk` pfhp rfk fh`



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ekcp et{rpthpk` ho` hpphbik` hepkt fkt r{zktuarlt ho` pfkTkgalohc Nhohgkt bhnk pl fkt hdl{p olp zkteltnaog phrirpfhp rfk fh` okapfkt dkko pthaok` olt aorpt{bpk` plzkteltn/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr àrbfhtgk` lo Lbpldkt 8;elt fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr/

Eauk `hqr chpkt# pfk Knzclqkt arr{k` h okw rlbahcnkàh zlcabq# wfabf hzzcak` pl hcc rlbahc okpwltiaogblnn{oabhpalor/ Pfk rkbpalo blobktoaog tkrptabpalor lo pfk{rk le pfk Knzclqkt‑r bloea`kopahc ho`,lt ztlztakphtqaoeltnhpalo ztlua`k` pfhp# ao kvpktohc rlbahc okpwltiaograp{hpalor# knzclqkkr rfl{c` gkokthccq hula` a`kopaeqaogpfknrkcukr hr pfk Knzclqkt‑r knzclqkkr# {ockrr pfktk whr hckgapanhpk d{raokrr okk` pl `l rl lt wfko àrb{rraog pktnrho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop ao ho hzztlztahpk nhookt/

Pfk Knzclqkt‑r knzclqkk fho`dlli blophaok` h olrlcabaphpalo,ol àrptad{palo t{ck/ Pfar t{ck rphpk` pfhpknzclqkkr nhq olp rlcabap pkhn nkndktr wfack lo blnzhoq

ztlzktpq ho` pfhp knzclqkkr nhq olp rlcabap lpfktr wfack loblnzhoq pank lt ao wlti htkhr/

H``tkrraog pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r àrbfhtgk# wkblobc{`k`# {o`kt pfk Nkqktr bhrkr# pfhp pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr wktk nktkcq ho kvztkrralo le hoaoàua`{hc gtazk/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r eatrp rphp{r {z`hpkwhr dkbh{rk rfk whr et{rpthpk` hdl{p ho aopkthbpalo rfk fh`fh` wapf fkt r{zktuarlt/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fh` olzhtpab{cht h{àkobk ao nao` wfko rfk nh`k pfhp zlrp# pfkzlrp blophaok` ol chog{hgk r{ggkrpaog pfhp rfk rl{gfp plaoapahpk lt ao`{bk blwltiktr pl koghgk ao gtl{z hbpalo# ho`pfk zlrp à` olp gtlw l{p le h ztalt àrb{rralo hdl{p pktnrho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop wapf fkt blwltiktr/ Nltklukt#pfktk ar ol kua`kobk pfhp rfk whr rkkiaog pl ao`{bk ltztkzhtk elt gtl{z hbpalo lt pl rlcabap gtl{z r{zzltp eltfkt aoàua`{hc blnzchaop/ Hcpfl{gf lok le fkt blwltiktrleektk` fkt rqnzhpfq ho` aoàbhpk` rlnk gkokthcàrrhparehbpalo wapf fkt mld# rfk à` olp koghgk ao hoqkvpko`k` àrb{rralo wapf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq lukt wltiaogbloàpalor lt aoàbhpk hoq aopktkrp ao phiaog hbpalo wapfpfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq/

Hohcq}aog pfk knzclqkt‑r t{ckr {o`kt C{pfktho FktaphgkUacchgk.Cauloah# àrb{rrk` hdluk# wk el{o` {ochwe{c pfk

ztluaralo le pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq pfhpztlua`k` pfhp knzclqkkr rfl{c` gkokthccq hula` a`kopaeqaogpfknrkcukr hr pfk Knzclqkt‑r knzclqkkr {ockrr àrb{rraogpktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop ao ho hzztlztahpknhookt/ Knzclqkkr fhuk h Rkbpalo 7 tagfp pl àrb{rr pfkatwhgkr ho` lpfkt pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ Fktk#pfk Knzclqkt‑r t{ck canapr knzclqkk àrb{rralo le pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop pl àrb{rralor blo`{bpk` ao ho–hzztlztahpk„ nhookt# pfktkdq anzcabapcq ztlfadapaog–aohzztlztahpk„ àrb{rralor le pktnr ho` bloàpalor le



6

knzclqnkop/ Pfk zlcabq `lkr olp `keaok wfhp ho–hzztlztahpk„ lt –aohzztlztahpk„ àrb{rralo le pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop wl{c` dk# kapfkt pftl{gf rzkbaeabkvhnzckr le wfhp ar bluktk` lt pftl{gf canapaog chog{hgkpfhp wl{c` kvbc{`k Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhpknzclqkkr wl{c` pfktkeltk tkhrlohdcq aopktztkp pfk t{ck pl

ztlfadap ztlpkbpk` hbpauapq# aobc{àog btapabarn le pfkKnzclqkt‑r chdlt zlcabakr# ptkhpnkop le knzclqkkr# ho`pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/

Wk hcrl el{o` pfhp pfk –rhuaogr bch{rk„ ao pfkKnzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq whr aor{eeabakop pl b{tk pfkhndag{apakr ao pfk t{ck ho` tknluk pfk bfacc {zlo Rkbpalo7/ Pfk rhuaogr bch{rk ztlua`k` pfhp pfk zlcabq wl{c` olpdk aopktztkpk` lt hzzcak` rl hr pl aopktektk wapf knzclqkktagfpr pl rkce.ltghoa}k# eltn# mlao# lt hrrarp chdltltghoa}hpalor# pl dhtghao blcckbpaukcq pftl{gftkztkrkophpaukr le pfkat bfllraog# lt pl koghgk ao lpfktblobktpk` hbpauapakr elt pfk z{tzlrk le blcckbpauk

dhtghaoaog lt lpfkt n{p{hc ha` lt ztlpkbpalo# lt pl tkethaoetln koghgaog ao r{bf hbpauapakr/ Wk kvzchaok` pfhp hoknzclqkk bl{c` olp tkhrlohdcq dk kvzkbpk` pl iolw pfhp pfarchog{hgk koblnzhrrkr àrb{rralor pfk Knzclqkt `kknr–aohzztlztahpk/„

Wk hcrl `kpktnaok` pfhp pfk ol.rlcabaphpalo t{ck whr{ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`/ T{ckr pfhp dho rlcabaphpalo ao olo.wlti htkhr `{taog olo.wlti pank htk –ho {otkhrlohdckanzkànkop pl rkce.ltghoa}hpalo / / / ao pfk hdrkobk lekua`kobk pfhp rzkbahc batb{nrphobkr nhik pfk t{ck okbkrrhtqao lt`kt pl nhaophao ztl`{bpalo lt àrbazcaok/„ Tkz{dcabHuahpalo Bltz/ u/ OCTD# 240 [/R/ 712# 6:2 &810;!/ Hr r{bf#rlcabaphpalo t{ckr pfhp ztlfadap knzclqkk rlcabaphpalo loblnzhoq ztlzktpq `{taog olo.wlti pank htk ztkr{nzpaukcq{ochwe{c# hcpfl{gf h tkphac krphdcarfnkop caik pfk Knzclqktnhq chwe{ccq dho rlcabaphpalo `{taog olo.wlti pank ao pfkrkccaog htkhr le apr krphdcarfnkop/

Knzclqkkr wl{c` tkhrlohdcq aopktztkp pfk zltpalo lepfk Knzclqkt‑r t{ck ztlfadapaog knzclqkkr etln rlcabapaogpkhn nkndktr wfack lo blnzhoq ztlzktpq pl ztlfadap pfknetln koghgaog ao Rkbpalo 7 rlcabaphpalo `{taog olo.wltipank ao h olo.rkccaog htkh le pfk Knzclqkt‑r ztlzktpq/Knzclqkkr wl{c` hcrl tkhrlohdcq aopktztkp pfk zltpalo le

pfk t{ck rphpaog pfhp knzclqkkr nhq olp rlcabap –lo blnzhoqpank lt ao wlti htkhr„ hr hcrl ztkbc{àog rlcabaphpalo`{taog olo.wlti pank# r{bf hr h zha` dtkhi# ao h olo.rkccaog wlti htkh/



1

Wlti T{ckr Wktk Luktdtlh`# D{p @arbfhtgk [o`kt T{ckr WhrChwe{c Dkbh{rk Knzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli Zlrpr Wktk Olp Ztlpkbpk`

Ranachtcq# ao pfar bhrk wk h``tkrrk` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r àrbfhtgk {o`kt pfk Knzclqkt‑r wlti t{ckr dkbh{rk

le fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpr ho` pfk ckghcapq le pfk t{ckr/ Wkel{o` pfhp pfk t{ckr wktk luktdtlh`# d{p wk blobc{`k` pfhppfk Ehbkdlli hbpauapq à` olp anzcabhpk pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop ho` whr olp ztlpkbpk`/

Pfk Knzclqkt lzkthpkr h tkrph{thop bfhao/ Aprfho`dlli blophaor h rkbpalo kopapck` Pkhn Nkndkt Blo`{bp %Wlti T{ckr/ Pfkrk t{ckr ztlua`k pfhp –aor{dltàohpalo ltlpfkt àrtkrzkbpe{c blo`{bp„ ho` –aohzztlztahpkblouktrhpalo„ htk r{dmkbp pl àrbazcaohtq hbpalo/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr h dhtpko`kt hp lok le pfkKnzclqkt‑r tkrph{thopr/ Ao chpk r{nnkt lt khtcq ehcc 4:8:#

pfk Knzclqkt fatk` h okw Gkokthc Nhohgkt# wfl ao p{to fatk`h bclrk etako` hr h dhtpko`kt/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` pfklpfkt dhtpko`ktr annkàhpkcq dkgho fhuaog ztldcknr wapf pfkokw dhtpko`kt/ Hcpfl{gf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr pfk nlrprkoalt dhtpko`kt ho` {opac pfko fh` dkko hdck pl rkb{tk pfknltk ztleaphdck wkkiko` rfaepr dhrk` lo fkt rkoaltapq# pfkokw dhtpko`kt whr hrragok` rkukthc wkkiko` rfaepr/ Aoh`àpalo# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` lok le fkt blwltiktrblnzchaok` pl pfk Gkokthc Nhohgkt pfhp pfk okw dhtpko`ktehack` pl bckho {z pfk dht# tkr{cpaog ao nltk wlti elt pfkdhtpko`kt wfl lzkok` pfk dht pfk elcclwaog `hq/

Lo @kbkndkt 88# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ckhtok` pfhp pfkokw dhtpko`kt whr rktuaog b{rplnktr `taoir nh`k etln h ztk.nh`k nav wfack bfhtgaog pfkn elt `taoir nh`k etln rbthpbfwapf nltk kvzkorauk ztkna{n cax{lt/ Pfk Hrrarphop Nhohgktàrbluktk` pfar# rzlik pl pfk okw dhtpko`kt hdl{p ap# ho`nh`k h olpk ao far zktrlookc eack/

Nkhowfack# lo pfk nltoaog le @kbkndkt 84# pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq zlrpk` h rphp{r {z`hpk lo fkt Ehbkdlli zhgkaoàbhpaog pfhp rfk fh` ckhtok` pfhp h blwltikt,dhtpko`ktwhr h bfkhpkt wfl whr –rbtkwaog lukt„ pfk b{rplnktr/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq ar Ehbkdlli –etako`r„ wapf blwltiktr# eltnktblwltiktr# ho` b{rplnktr/ Ao tkrzlork pl pfk Bfhtgaog

Zhtpq‑r rphp{r {z`hpk# h eltnkt blwltikt hrik` ae pfkdhtpko`kt whr rpkhcaog/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkzcak` pfhp fkwhr {raog pfk nav aorpkh` le pfk ztkna{n hcblflc ho` pfhpap fh` dkko nkopalok` hp h rphee nkkpaog pfhp pfk cax{ltblrp whr {z/

Chpkt pfhp `hq# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` h okw {z`hpkpl pfk keekbp pfhp àrflokrp knzclqkkr hclog wapfnhohgknkop pfhp cllir pfk lpfkt whq wacc dk pfk `khpf le hd{raokrr/ H blwltikt zlrpk` hgtkknkop d{p whtok` pfk



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Bfhtgaog Zhtpq pl dk bhtke{c wapf wfhp rfk zlrpk`/ Holpfktblwltikt hgtkk`/ Pfk elcclwaog nltoaog# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqzlrpk` pfhp rfk fh` kuktq tagfp pl rhq flw rfk ekcp/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq rphpk` pfhp rfk whr blobktok` hdl{ppfk okw dhtpko`kt‑r dkfhualt dkbh{rk rfk ekhtk` pfhp ae

b{rplnktr el{o` l{p# pfkq nagfp rplz d{qaog `taoir hp pfkdht lt wl{c` paz clwkt# ho` hr h tkr{cp# fkt aoblnk wl{c`dk `kbtkhrk`/ Rfk whr hcrl blobktok` ranzcq dkbh{rk pfkokw dhtpko`kt‑r dkfhualt whr àrflokrp/

Ao pfk `hqr pfhp elcclwk`# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq rzlik plholpfkt dhtpko`kt ho` h rktukt hdl{p fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpr/Pfk rktukt pfl{gfp pfhp fkt zlrpr wktk dthuk/ Fkt ekcclwdhtpko`kt rfhtk` blnzchaopr wapf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hdl{plpfkt whqr pfk okw dhtpko`kt whr nhiaog pfkat mldr nltkàeeab{cp d{p à` olp rfhtk pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blobktohdl{p far r{drpap{palo le bfkhz hcblflc elt ztkna{n cax{lt/Hp pfk rhnk pank# pfar dhtpko`kt ho` pwl rktuktr blnzchaok`

pl pfk Gkokthc Nhohgkt hdl{p pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdllizlrpr/ Pfkq wktk wlttak` pfhp b{rplnktr wl{c` rkk pfkn/

Lo @kbkndkt 8;# pfk Knzclqkt àrbfhtgk` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq elt ualchpalo le pfk wlti t{ckr# rzkbaeabhccq {raog{oztlekrralohc blnn{oabhpalo lo Ehbkdlli pl ekcclwknzclqkkr/

Wk aoapahccq blobc{`k`# {o`kt C{pfktho FktaphgkUacchgk.Cauloah# àrb{rrk` hdluk# pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r PkhnNkndkt Blo`{bp % Wlti T{ckr wktk {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`dkbh{rk pfk ztlfadapalor lo –àrtkrzkbpe{c blo`{bp„ ho`–aohzztlztahpk blouktrhpalor„ wl{c` tkhrlohdcq dk blorpt{k`dq knzclqkkr pl ztkbc{`k Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/

Hr olpk` hdluk# ao Pfk Blopaokophc Gtl{z# Aob/# pfkDlht` l{pcaok` canapr pl pfk hzzcabhpalo le pfk t{ck pfhpàrbazcaok anzlrk` z{tr{hop pl ho {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh` t{ckualchpkr pfk Hbp/ Pf{r# wfack pfk wlti t{ckr pfhp pfkKnzclqkt hzzcak` pl àrbfhtgk pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq htk{ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`# fkt àrbfhtgk wl{c` dk {ochwe{c locqae fkt Ehbkdlli hbpauapq whr ztlpkbpk` blo`{bp lt blo`{bppfhp lpfktwark anzcabhpkr Rkbpalo 7 blobktor/

Pfk Dlht` fhr fkc` pfhp knzclqkk ztlpkrpr lukt pfk

x{hcapq le rktuabk ztlua`k` dq ho knzclqkt htk olpztlpkbpk` wfktk r{bf blobktor fhuk locq h phogkopahctkchpalorfaz pl knzclqkk pktnr ho` bloàpalor leknzclqnkop/ Rkk# k/g/# Eauk Rpht Pthorzltphpalo# Aob/# 201OCTD 04# 00 &4::7!# koe`/ ;44 E/2` 05 &8rp Bat/ 4::6!/ Lopfk lpfkt fho`# wfko knzclqkkr koghgk ao blo`{bp pl h``tkrrpfk mld zkteltnhobk le pfkat blwltiktr lt r{zktuarlt pfhphùktrkcq anzhbpr pfkat wltiaog bloàpalor# pfkat hbpauapqar ztlpkbpk`/ Rkk# k/g/# Gkltgah Ehtn D{tkh{ N{p{hcAor{thobk Blr/# 222 OCTD 6;:# 6;:.;8 &4::8!/



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Fktk# wk el{o` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli

zlrpr tkghtàog fkt ekcclw dhtpko`kt‑r mld zkteltnhobk fh`locq h uktq hppko{hpk` blookbpalo wapf pktnr ho` bloàpalorle knzclqnkop/ Rfk nh`k pfk zlrpr dkbh{rk rfk whr {zrkppfhp fk whr zhrraog lee clw.gth`k `taoir hr ztkna{n cax{lt

ho` nhohgknkop whr blo`loaog pfk hbpalo/ Rfk à` olptkhrlohdcq ekht pfhp fkt ehac{tk pl z{dcaba}k fktblwltikt‑r àrflokrpq bl{c` ckh` pl fkt lwo pktnaohpalo/Hcpfl{gf rfk chpkt rphpk` pfhp rfk whr blobktok` pfhp pfkdhtpko`kt‑r blo`{bp wl{c` bh{rk b{rplnktr pl rplz d{qaog`taoir lt clwkt pfkat pazr# rfk à` olp rphpk pfar blobktoao fkt zlrpr/ Ho` pfar hrrktpalo ar dkcak` dq pfk ehbppfhp rfk whr blnn{oabhpaog wapf b{rplnktr hdl{p pfkdhtpko`kt‑r blo`{bp# wfabf ae hoqpfaog wl{c` bh{rk pfkanzhbp lo d{raokrr pfhp rfk chpkt hrrktpk` rfk whr ptqaogpl ztkukop/

Pf{r# wk blobc{`k`# hp nlrp# pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r

Ehbkdlli zlrpr wktk nlpauhpk` dq h blobkto pfhp pfk rktuabkfkt Knzclqkt whr ztluaàog whr `keabakop/ Ao pfkrkbatb{nrphobkr# wk el{o` pfhp pfk caoi dkpwkko pfk r{dmkbple pfk zlrpr ho` hoq pktnr lt bloàpalor le knzclqnkop whrpll hppko{hpk` pl anzcabhpk pfk blobktor {o`ktcqaog Rkbpalo7/ Hbbltàogcq# fkt àrbfhtgk à` olp ualchpk Rkbpalo6&h!&8! kuko ae fkt blo`{bp whr blobktpk` ho` kuko pfl{gfrfk whr àrbfhtgk` {o`kt pfk Knzclqkt‑r luktdtlh` t{ck/

Knzclqkt‑r Rlbahc Nkàh Zlcabq Whr Luktdtlh`# D{pKnzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli Zlrpr Wktk Olp Ztlpkbpk`

Pfar bhrk ztkrkopk` h ranacht rap{hpalo/ Wk el{o`pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq ualchpk` Rkbpalo6&h!&8!# d{p wk el{o` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r àrbfhtgk#z{tr{hop pl pfk zlcabq# elt fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpr whr olp{ochwe{c dkbh{rk pfk blo`{bp à` olp blorpap{pk ztlpkbpk`blobktpk` hbpauapq lt ehcc wapfao pfk hndap le Rkbpalo 7/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq# h zfckdlplnarp# fh` h farpltq lebloecabp wapf rkukthc blwltiktr/ Ao pfk rztaog le 4:8:#pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr dchnk` elt pfk àrbfhtgk le holpfktknzclqkk ho` dkbhnk pfk phtgkp le blwltiktr‑ aor{cpr ho`pftkhpr/ Rfk hppknzpk` pl tkrlcuk pfkrk ztldcknr dq

aoeltnaog fkt r{zktuarlt ho` {raog pfk Knzclqkt‑r KnzclqkkHrrarphobk Ztlgthn# d{p whr {or{bbkrre{c/

Ao et{rpthpalo# ao Ekdt{htq 4:88# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqzlrpk` hogtq ztlehok blnnkopr lo fkt Ehbkdlli whcc# thopaoghghaorp blwltiktr ho` pfk Knzclqkt# ho` aoàbhpaog pfhp rfkfhpk` zklzck hp wlti# pfhp pfkq dchnk` kuktqpfaog lo fkt#pfhp rfk fh` hogkt ztldcknr# ho` pfhp rfk whopk` pl dk ckephclok/



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Lok blwltikt blnnkopk` pfhp rfk fh` glok pftl{gf pfkrhnk pfaog/ Pwl lpfkt knzclqkkr tkh` pfkrk zlrpr ho`ztlua`k` pfkn pl pfk Knzclqkt/ Lo Nhtbf 2:# pfk Chdlthpltq@atkbplt nkp wapf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` aoeltnk` fkt pfhppfk F{nho Tkrl{tbkr @kzhtpnkop fh` tkbkauk` h blnzchaoptkghtàog fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr

arr{k` h wtappko whtoaog elt ualchpaog pfk Knzclqkt‑rrlbahc nkàh zlcabq# ho` pktnaohpk` elt n{cpazck ualchpalor{o`kt pfk Knzclqkt‑r ztlgtkrrauk àrbazcaok zlcabq/

Pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq ztlfadapr knzclqkkretln {raog rlbahc nkàh pl koghgk ao {oztlekrralohcblnn{oabhpalo pfhp bl{c` okghpaukcq anzhbp pfk Knzclqkt‑rtkz{phpalo lt aopktektk wapf pfk Knzclqkt‑r narralo lt{oztlekrralohc,aohzztlztahpk blnn{oabhpalo tkghtàognkndktr le pfk Knzclqkt‑r blnn{oapq/ Hzzcqaog C{pfkthoFktaphgk Uacchgk‒Cauloah# àrb{rrk` hdluk# wk el{o` pfhppfk zlcabq fktk ualchpkr Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! dkbh{rk ap wl{c`tkhrlohdcq dk blorpt{k` pl bfacc knzclqkkr ao pfk kvktbark

le pfkat Rkbpalo 7 tagfpr/

Pfkrk ztlfadapalor wl{c` tkhrlohdcq dk tkh` pl aobc{`kztlpkbpk` rphpknkopr pfhp btapaba}k pfk Knzclqkt‑rknzclqnkop zthbpabkr# r{bf hr knzclqkk zhq lt ptkhpnkop/E{tpfkt# pfk t{ck blophaok` ol canapaog chog{hgk kvbc{àogRkbpalo 7 hbpauapq etln apr tkrptabpalo/ Wk olpk` pfhphcpfl{gf pfk t{ck à` blophao kvhnzckr le bckhtcq{oztlpkbpk` blo`{bp# r{bf hr àrzchqaog rkv{hccq ltakopk`nhpktahc lt tkukhcaog pth`k rkbtkpr# ap hcrl blophaok`kvhnzckr pfhp wl{c` tkhrlohdcq dk tkh` pl aobc{`k ztlpkbpk`blo`{bp# r{bf hr aohzztlztahpkcq rfhtaog bloea`kopahcaoeltnhpalo tkchpk` pl pfk Knzclqkt‑r d{raokrr# aobc{àogzktrlookc hbpalor/

Hr olpk` hdluk# ao Pfk Blopaokophc Gtl{z# Aob/# pfkDlht` l{pcaok` canapr pl pfk hzzcabhpalo le pfk t{ck pfhpàrbazcaok anzlrk` z{tr{hop pl ho {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh` t{ckualchpkr pfk Hbp/ Ao pfar bhrk# wfko pfk Knzclqktpktnaohpk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq# ap rzkbaeabhccq bapk` aprrlbahc nkàh zlcabq hr gtl{o`r elt fkt àrbfhtgk/ Wkel{o`# flwkukt# pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r pktnaohpalo le pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq à` olp ualchpk Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! dkbh{rk pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq whr olp pktnaohpk` elt hbpauapq pfhp kapfktehccr wapfao Rkbpalo 7 lt pfhp pl{bfkr pfk blobktor

{o`ktcqaog Rkbpalo 7/Eatrp# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr olp koghgk` ao ztlpkbpk`

blobktpk` blo`{bp {o`kt pfk Nkqktr bhrkr àrb{rrk` hdluk/Fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr kvztkrrk` fkt zktrlohc hogkt wapfblwltiktr ho` pfk Knzclqkt# wktk nh`k rlckcq lo fkt lwodkfhce# ho` à` olp aoulcuk pfk rfhtaog le blnnlo blobktor/Pfk zlrpaogr hcrl blophaok` ol chog{hgk r{ggkrpaog pfhp pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq rl{gfp pl aoapahpk lt ao`{bk blwltiktr plkoghgk ao gtl{z hbpalo/ Rkblo`# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq à` olp



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koghgk ao blo`{bp pfhp# pfl{gf olp blobktpk`# olokpfkckrranzcabhpk` blnnlo blobktor {o`ktcqaog Rkbpalo 7 le pfk Hbp/Thpfkt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli blnnkopr blorarpk` lezktrlohc ho` fagfcq bfhtgk` thopr hghaorp blwltiktr ho`gkokthc ztlehoapakr hdl{p pfk Knzclqkt/

Zltpalor le Knzclqkt‑r Blnn{oabhpalor Rqrpknr Zlcabq WktkLuktdtlh`

Ao pfar bhrk# wk hzzcak` Chehqkppk Zhti Flpkc ho`C{pfktho Fktaphgk Uacchgk.Cauloah# àrb{rrk` hdluk# pl eao`pfhp uhtal{r ztluaralor ao pfk Knzclqkt‑r Blnn{oabhpalorRqrpknr zlcabq# aobc{àog pflrk `khcaog wapf {rk le pfkKnzclqkt‑r ohnk ho` pflrk gluktoaog rlbahc nkàhblnn{oabhpalor# bl{c` tkhrlohdcq dk blorpt{k` pl bfaccRkbpalo 7 ztlpkbpk` hbpauapq ao ualchpalo le Rkbpalo6&h!&8!/

Pfk Knzclqkt lzkthpkr bcaoabhc pkrpaog chdlthpltakrpftl{gfl{p pfk [oapk` Rphpkr/ Ao M{cq 4:8:# ap arr{k` htkuark` Blnn{oabhpalor Rqrpknr zlcabq lo apr aopthokp plapr hzztlvanhpkcq 2:#::: knzclqkkr/

Pfk eatrp ztluaralo wk cllik` hp ztlfadapk` knzclqkkretln àrbclraog lt blnn{oabhpaog aoeltnhpalo le hbloea`kopahc# rkorapauk# lt olo.z{dcab aoeltnhpaloblobktoaog pfk blnzhoq lo lt pftl{gf blnzhoq ztlzktpq plhoqlok l{pra`k pfk blnzhoq wapfl{p ztalt hzztluhc le rkoaltnhohgknkop lt pfk chw `kzhtpnkop/

Knzclqkkr fhuk h Rkbpalo 7 tagfp pl àrb{rr pfkatwhgkr ho` lpfkt pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop# dlpfhnlog pfknrkcukr ho` wapf olo.knzclqkkr/ H t{ck pfhpztkbc{`kr knzclqkkr etln àrb{rraog pktnr ho` bloàpalor leknzclqnkop# lt rfhtaog aoeltnhpalo hdl{p pfknrkcukr ltpfkat ekcclw knzclqkkr wapf l{pra`k zhtpakr# pfktkeltkualchpkr Rkbpalo 6&h!&8!/ Knzclqkkr wl{c` tkhrlohdcq{o`ktrpho` pfar ztluaralo pl ztlfadap pfkn etlnblnn{oabhpaog wapf pfat` zhtpakr hdl{p Rkbpalo 7 arr{krr{bf hr whgkr ho` wltiaog bloàpalor/ Wk el{o` apattkckuhop pfhp pfk zlcabq locq ztlfadapk` blnn{oabhpalorlt àrbclr{tkr nh`k lo lt pftl{gf blnzhoq ztlzktpq# hrknzclqkkr fhuk pfk tagfp pl koghgk ao Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapakr

lo pfk Knzclqkt‑r ztknarkr `{taog olo.wlti pank ho` ao olo.wlti htkhr/ Nltklukt# pfk Knzclqkt ehack` pl ztlua`k hoqblopkvp lt kvhnzckr le pfk pqzkr le aoeltnhpalo ap `kknrbloea`kopahc# rkorapauk# lt olo.z{dcab ao lt`kt pl bchtaeqpfhp pfk zlcabq `lkr olp ztlfadap Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/ Wkhcrl el{o` pfhp pfar ztluaralo e{tpfkt ualchpkr Rkbpalo6&h!&8! pl pfk kvpkop pfhp ap tkx{atkr knzclqkkr pl ldphaoztalt Knzclqkt hzztluhc dkeltk koghgaog ao ztlpkbpk`hbpauapakr/



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Holpfkt ztluaralo le pfk zlcabq ztlfadapk` {rk le pfkblnzhoq‑r ohnk lt rktuabk nhtir l{pra`k pfk bl{trk led{raokrr wapfl{p ztalt hzztluhc le pfk chw `kzhtpnkop/Knzclqkkr fhuk h Rkbpalo 7 tagfp pl {rk pfkat knzclqkt‑rohnk lt clgl ao blom{obpalo wapf ztlpkbpk` blobktpk`hbpauapq# r{bf hr pl blnn{oabhpk wapf ekcclw knzclqkkr lt

pfk z{dcab hdl{p h chdlt àrz{pk/ Rkk# k/g/# Zkzra.BlchDlppcaog Bl/# 2:8 OCTD 8::6# 8:81.4: &8118!# koe`/ 1;2 E/4`526 &0pf Bat/ 8114!/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfar ztluaralo lepfk zlcabq bl{c` tkhrlohdcq dk blorpt{k` pl tkrptabpknzclqkkr‑ Rkbpalo 7 tagfpr pl {rk pfk Knzclqkt‑r ohnk ho`clgl wfack koghgaog ao ztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq# r{bfhr ao kckbptloab lt zhzkt ckheckpr# bhtpllor# lt zabikpragor ao blookbpalo wapf h ztlpkrp aoulcuaog pfk pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/

Hcpfl{gf ho knzclqkt fhr h ztlztakphtq aopktkrp ao aprrktuabk nhtir ho` ao h pth`knhtik` lt blzqtagfpk` ohnk# wkel{o` pfhp knzclqkk {rk ao blookbpalo wapf Rkbpalo 7

hbpauapq wl{c` olp aoetaogk lo pfhp aopktkrp/ Aopktkrprztlpkbpk` dq pth`knhti chwr..r{bf hr pfk pth`knhti flc`kt‑raopktkrpr ao ztlpkbpaog pfk gll` tkz{phpalo hrrlbahpk` wapfpfk nhti etln pfk zlrradacapq le dkaog phtoarfk` dqaoektalt nktbfhoàrk rlc` dq holpfkt kopapq {raog pfkpth`knhti ho` ao dkaog hdck pl kopkt h tkchpk` blnnktbahceakc` ho` {rk apr wkcc.krphdcarfk` pth`knhti# ho` pfkz{dcab‑r aopktkrp ao olp dkaog narck` hr pl pfk rl{tbk leztl`{bpr {raog bloe{raogcq ranacht nhtir..htk olp tknlpkcqanzcabhpk` dq knzclqkkr‑ olo.blnnktbahc {rk le h ohnk#clgl# lt lpfkt pth`knhti pl a`kopaeq pfk Knzclqkt ao pfkbl{trk le koghgaog ao Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/

Pfk zlcabq hcrl ztlfadapk` knzclqkkr etln z{dcarfaoghoq tkztkrkophpalo hdl{p pfk blnzhoq wapfl{p ztalt hzztluhcdq rkoalt nhohgknkop ho` pfk chw `kzhtpnkop/ Pfkztlfadapalo aobc{`k` rphpknkopr pl pfk nkàh# nkàhhùktparknkopr# kckbptloab d{cckpao dlht`r# wkdclgr# hoùlabk nhac/ Pfk Dlht` fhr clog tkblgoa}k` pfhp –Rkbpalo 7ztlpkbpr knzclqkk blnn{oabhpalor pl pfk z{dcab pfhp htkzhtp le ho` tkchpk` pl ho loglaog chdlt àrz{pk/„ UhcckqFlrzaphc Nkàbhc Bkopkt# 2;8 OCTD 84;:# 84;4 &4::7!# koe`/r{d oln/ Okuh`h Rktuabk Knzclqkkr [oalo# Clbhc 88:7 u/OCTD# 2;6 E/ Hzz‑v 762 &1pf Bat/ 4::1!/ Ho knzclqkt‑r t{ckpfhp ztlfadapr knzclqkk blnn{oabhpalor pl pfk nkàh lt

tkx{atkr ztalt h{pflta}hpalo elt r{bf blnn{oabhpalor arpfktkeltk {ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`/ Pfk Knzclqkt‑r zlcabq glkre{tpfkt# tkrptabpaog hcc z{dcab rphpknkopr tkghtàog pfkblnzhoq# wfabf wl{c` aobc{`k ztlpkbpk` Rkbpalo 7blnn{oabhpalor hnlog knzclqkkr ho` dkpwkko knzclqkkr ho` h{oalo/

Ao holpfkt ztluaralo le pfk zlcabq# pfk Knzclqkttkx{atk` pfhp rlbahc okpwltiaog rapk blnn{oabhpalor dk nh`kao ho flokrp# ztlekrralohc# ho` hzztlztahpk nhookt# wapfl{p



8;

`kehnhpltq lt aoechnnhpltq blnnkopr tkghtàog pfk knzclqktho` apr r{draàhtakr# ho` pfkat rfhtkflc`ktr# leeabktr#knzclqkkr# b{rplnktr# r{zzcaktr# blopthbpltr# ho` zhpakopr/Wk el{o` pfhp knzclqkkr wl{c` tkhrlohdcq blorpt{k dtlh`pktnr# r{bf hr –ztlekrralohc„ ho` –hzztlztahpk#„ plztlfadap pfkn etln blnn{oabhpaog lo rlbahc okpwltiaog rapkr

wapf lpfkt knzclqkkr lt wapf pfat` zhtpakr hdl{p ztlpkbpk`blobktor/

Holpfkt ztluaralo ao pfk rlbahc okpwltiaog ho` wkdclgzltpalo le pfk zlcabq ztlua`k` pfhp knzclqkkr okk`k`hzztluhc pl a`kopaeq pfknrkcukr hr pfk Knzclqkt‑r knzclqkkrho` pfhp pflrk knzclqkkr wfl fh` a`kopaeak` pfknrkcukr hrr{bf lo rlbahc nkàh rapkr n{rp kvztkrrcq rphpk pfhp pfkatblnnkopr htk pfkat zktrlohc lzaoalor ho` `l olp okbkrrhtacqtkeckbp pfk Knzclqkt‑r lzaoalor/ Wk olpk` pfhp zktrlohcztleack zhgkr rktuk ho anzltphop e{obpalo ao kohdcaogknzclqkkr pl {rk locaok rlbahc okpwltir pl eao` ho`blnn{oabhpk wapf pfkat ekcclw knzclqkkr hp pfkat lwo lt

lpfkt clbhpalor/ Wk el{o` pfhp pfar zlcabq# pfktkeltk# whrzhtpab{chtcq fhtne{c pl pfk Rkbpalo 7 tagfp pl koghgk aoblobktpk` hbpalo elt n{p{hc ha` lt ztlpkbpalo ho` whr{ochwe{ccq luktdtlh`/ Nltklukt# wk hcrl blobc{`k` pfhptkx{ataog knzclqkkr pl kvztkrrcq rphpk pfhp pfkat blnnkoprhtk pfkat zktrlohc lzaoalor ho` olp pflrk le pfk Knzclqktkuktq pank pfhp pfkq zlrp lo rlbahc nkàh wl{c`ragoaeabhopcq d{t`ko pfk kvktbark le knzclqkkr‑ Rkbpalo 7tagfpr pl àrb{rr wltiaog bloàpalor ho` btapaba}k pfkKnzclqkt‑r chdlt zlcabakr# ao ualchpalo le Rkbpalo 6&h!&8!/

Pfk Knzclqkt‑r zlcabq hcrl ztlua`k` pfhp ap bl{c`tkx{krp knzclqkkr pl pknzlthtacq ho`,lt zktnhokopcq r{rzko`zlrpk` blnn{oabhpalor ae pfk Knzclqkt dkcakuk` ap okbkrrhtqlt hùarhdck pl kor{tk blnzcahobk wapf rkb{tapakrtkg{chpalor# lpfkt chwr# lt ao pfk dkrp aopktkrpr le pfkblnzhoq/ Ap tkx{atk` knzclqkkr pl eatrp àrb{rr wapf pfkatr{zktuarlt lt nhohgkt hoq wlti.tkchpk` blobktor# ho` apztlua`k` pfhp ehac{tk pl blnzcq bl{c` tkr{cp ao blttkbpaukhbpalo# {z pl ho` aobc{àog pktnaohpalo/ Hcpfl{gf pfkeatrp zltpalo le pfk ztluaralo `lkr olp kvztkrrcq tkrptabpknzclqkk blnn{oabhpalo# wk el{o` pfhp pfk t{ck tkrptabpk`Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq dq tkx{ataog# lo pftkhp le àrbazcaok#pfhp knzclqkkr eatrp dtaog hoq –wlti.tkchpk` blobktor„ plpfk Knzclqkt/



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Knzclqkt‑r Aoapahc Rlbahc Nkàh Zlcabq Whr Luktdtlh`# D{pHnko`k` Uktralo Whr Chwe{c

Ao holpfkt bhrk# wk el{o` pfhp ho Knzclqkt‑r rlbahcnkàh zlcabq..hr anzcknkopk`..whr {ochwe{ccq dtlh`# d{p

pfhp..hr hnko`k`..ap à` olp ualchpk pfk Hbp/

Hr anzcknkopk` ao 4:8:# pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàhzlcabq ztlfadapk` àrbtanaohpltq# `kehnhpltq# lt fhthrraogwkd koptakr hdl{p rzkbaeab knzclqkkr# wlti kouatlonkop# ltwlti.tkchpk` arr{kr lo rlbahc nkàh rapkr/ Ao M{ok 4:88#pfk Knzclqkt tkzchbk` pfhp zlcabq wapf lok pfhp ztlfadapk`pfk {rk le rlbahc nkàh pl zlrp lt àrzchq blnnkopr hdl{pblwltiktr lt r{zktuarltr lt pfk Knzclqkt pfhp htk u{cght#ldrbkok# pftkhpkoaog# aopana`hpaog# fhthrraog# lt hualchpalo le pfk Knzclqkt‑r wltizchbk zlcabakr hghaorpàrbtanaohpalo# fhthrrnkop# lt flrpacapq lo hbbl{op le hgk#thbk# tkcagalo# rkv# kpfoabapq# ohpalohcapq# àrhdacapq# lt

lpfkt ztlpkbpk` bchrr# rphp{r# lt bfhthbpktarpab/

Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r aoapahc rlbahc nkàhzlcabq whr {ochwe{c {o`kt pfk rkblo` zhtp le pfk C{pfkthoFktaphgk pkrp àrb{rrk` hdluk/ Pfk carpk` ztlfadapalor#wfabf blophao dtlh` pktnr r{bf hr –`kehnhpltq„ koptakr#hzzcq rzkbaeabhccq pl àrb{rralor hdl{p wlti.tkchpkàrr{kr# ho` pf{r wl{c` htg{hdcq hzzcq pl ztlpkbpk`btapabarn le pfk Knzclqkt‑r chdlt zlcabakr lt ptkhpnkop leknzclqkkr/ Nltklukt# ao pfar bhrk# pfk Knzclqkt fh`hbp{hccq hzzcak` pfar zlcabq pl tkrptabp apr knzclqkkr‑ztlpkbpk` Ehbkdlli àrb{rralo tkghtàog pfkat wltiaogbloàpalor/ Pfk Knzclqkt‑r aopktztkphpalo ho` hzzcabhpalole pfkrk zfthrkr pl blukt pfhp àrb{rralo wl{c` tkhrlohdcqckh` knzclqkkr pl blobc{`k pfhp ztlpkbpk` blnzchaopr hdl{ppfkat wltiaog bloàpalor wktk ztlfadapk`/

Wk el{o`# flwkukt# pfhp pfk Knzclqkt‑r hnko`k` zlcabqwhr chwe{c/ Pfk Dlht` fhr aoàbhpk` pfhp h t{ck‑r blopkvpztlua`kr pfk ikq pl pfk –tkhrlohdckokrr„ le h zhtpab{chtblorpt{bpalo/ Ao pfar tkght`# pfk Dlht` fhr el{o` pfhp ht{ck eltda`àog –rphpknkopr wfabf htk rcho`ktl{r lt`kptankophc pl pfk blnzhoq„ pfhp hzzkhtk` lo h carp leztlfadapk` blo`{bp aobc{àog –rkv{hc lt thbahc fhthrrnkop„ho` –rhdlphgk„ wl{c` olp dk tkhrlohdcq {o`ktrpll` pl

tkrptabp Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/ Pth`krnko Aopktohpalohc# 226OCTD 05:# 05:.54 &4::4!/

Caik pfk t{ck ao Pth`krnko Aopktohpalohc# pfkKnzclqkt‑r hnko`k` rlbahc nkàh zlcabq wl{c` olp tkhrlohdcqdk blorpt{k` pl hzzcq pl Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/ Pfk t{ckhzzkhtr ao h carp le zchaocq kgtkgal{r blo`{bp# r{bf hrualchpalor le pfk Knzclqkt‑r wltizchbk zlcabakr hghaorpàrbtanaohpalo# fhthrrnkop# lt flrpacapq lo hbbl{op le hgk#thbk# tkcagalo# rkv# kpfoabapq# ohpalohcapq# àrhdacapq# lt



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lpfkt ztlpkbpk` bchrr# rphp{r# lt bfhthbpktarpab/ E{tpfkt#{ocaik pfk aoapahc zlcabq# pfktk whr ol kua`kobk pfhp pfkhnko`k` zlcabq fh` dkko {paca}k` pl àrbazcaok Rkbpalo 7hbpauapq/

Ztluaralor ao @t{grpltk Lzkthplt‑r Rlbahc Nkàh ZlcabqWapfrpho` Rbt{paoq

Ranachtcq# wk el{o` pfhp bktphao ztluaralor ao pfkrlbahc nkàh zlcabq le ho Knzclqkt pfhp lzkthpkr h ohpalohc`t{grpltk bfhao wktk olp {ochwe{c/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp# aoblopkvp# knzclqkkr wl{c` {o`ktrpho` pfhp pfkrk ztluaralorà` olp ztlfadap Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/

Pfk Knzclqkt‑r rlbahc nkàh zlcabq ztlua`k` pfhp pfkKnzclqkt bl{c` tkx{krp knzclqkkr pl bloeaok pfkat rlbahcokpwltiaog pl nhppktr {otkchpk` pl pfk blnzhoq ae okbkrrhtqpl kor{tk blnzcahobk wapf rkb{tapakr tkg{chpalor ho` lpfktchwr/ Ap ztlfadapk` knzclqkkr etln {raog lt àrbclraogbloea`kopahc ho`,lt ztlztakphtq aoeltnhpalo# aobc{àogzktrlohc fkhcpf aoeltnhpalo hdl{p b{rplnktr lt zhpakopr#ho` ap hcrl ztlfadapk` knzclqkkr etln àrb{rraog ao hoqeltn le rlbahc nkàh –kndhtglk` aoeltnhpalo#„ r{bf hrch{obf ho` tkckhrk `hpkr ho` zkoàog tkltghoa}hpalor/

Wk el{o` pfhp pfkrk t{ckr wktk olp {ochwe{c/ Hcpfl{gfpfk tkx{atknkop pl bloeaok rlbahc okpwltiaog blnn{oabhpalorpl nhppktr {otkchpk` pl pfk blnzhoq bl{c` dk blorpt{k` pltkrptabp knzclqkkr etln blnn{oabhpaog tkghtàog pfkat pktnrho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop# wk el{o` pfhp# ao apr

blopkvp# knzclqkkr tkhrlohdcq wl{c` aopktztkp pfk t{ck plh``tkrr locq pflrk blnn{oabhpalor pfhp bl{c` anzcabhpkrkb{tapq tkg{chpalor/ Ranachtcq# wk el{o` pfhp pfkztlfadapalo lo àrbclraog bloea`kopahc ho`,lt ztlztakphtqaoeltnhpalo hbx{atk` ao pfk bl{trk le knzclqnkop whr olpluktdtlh`/ Blora`ktaog pfhp pfk Knzclqkt rkccrzfhtnhbk{pabhcr ho` pfhp pfk t{ck blophaor rkukthctkektkobkr pl b{rplnktr# zhpakopr# ho` fkhcpf aoeltnhpalo#knzclqkkr wl{c` tkhrlohdcq {o`ktrpho` pfhp pfar t{ck whraopko`k` pl ztlpkbp pfk ztauhbq aopktkrpr le pfk Knzclqkt'rb{rplnktr ho` olp pl tkrptabp Rkbpalo 7 ztlpkbpk`blnn{oabhpalor/ Eaohccq# wk olpk` pfhp knzclqkkr wl{c`fhuk ol ztlpkbpk` tagfp pl àrbclrk kndhtglkr lo bltzlthpk

aoeltnhpalo9 olt wl{c` pfkq tkhrlohdcq aopktztkp pfk t{ckpl ztlfadap blnn{oabhpalor hdl{p pfkat wltiaog bloàpalor/

Holpfkt ztluaralo ao pfk Knzclqkt‑r t{ckr ztlua`k`pfhp wfack koghgaog ao rlbahc okpwltiaog hbpauapakr eltzktrlohc z{tzlrkr# knzclqkkr n{rp aoàbhpk pfhp pfkat uakwrwktk pfkat lwo ho` à` olp tkeckbp pflrk le pfkat knzclqkt/Pfkq wktk hcrl ztlfadapk` etln tkekttaog pl pfk Knzclqkt dqohnk ho` etln z{dcarfaog hoq ztlnlpalohc blopkop/



86

Wk hghao blobc{`k` pfhp knzclqkkr wl{c` olp tkhrlohdcqaopktztkp pfar t{ck# wfabf hzzkhtr ao h rkbpalo kopapck`–Ztlnlpalohc Blopkop#„ pl tkrptabp Rkbpalo 7 hbpauapq/ Pfkrkbpalo aobc{`kr h ztkehbk kvzchaoaog pfhp –rzkbahctkx{atknkopr hzzcq pl z{dcarfaog ztlnlpalohc blopkop

locaok#„ `keaokr r{bf blopkop hr –`kragok` pl ko`ltrk#ztlnlpk# rkcc# hùktpark# lt lpfktwark r{zzltp pfk Knzclqktho` apr ztl`{bpr ho` rktuabkr„ ho` tkektr pl EPBtkg{chpalor/ Ao pfar blopkvp# knzclqkkr bl{c` olptkhrlohdcq blorpt{k pfk t{ck pl hzzcq pl pfkatblnn{oabhpalor tkghtàog wltiaog bloàpalor# hr pfkq wl{còlp blora`kt pflrk blnn{oabhpalor pl ztlnlpk lt hùktparklo dkfhce le pfk Knzclqkt/

Knzclqkk Whr [ochwe{ccq @arbfhtgk` elt Fkt EhbkdlliBlnzchaop Hdl{p Tkztanho`

Ao holpfkt bhrk# wk blora`ktk` wfkpfkt pfk Knzclqkt{ochwe{ccq àrbfhtgk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hepkt rfk zlrpk`blnnkopr lo Ehbkdlli blnzchaoaog hdl{p dkaog tkztanho`kèlt fkt aoulcuknkop ao fkt ekcclw knzclqkkr‑ wlti.tkchpk`ztldcknr/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr koghgkào ztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq ho` pf{r pfk àrbfhtgk whr{ochwe{c/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr ho h`naoarpthpauk hrrarphop aoho leeabk htkh hp pfk Knzclqkt‑r zchop/ Pfk Knzclqkt iokwpfhp knzclqkkr etkx{kopcq rl{gfp fkt hùabk hdl{p wltiztldcknr/

Lo Ekdt{htq 4# 4:8:# elcclwaog h rkuktk rolwrpltn# pfkPhoi Qht` Nhohgkt hzztlhbfk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` pfkX{hcapq Bloptlc R{zktuarlt ho` hrik` pfkn ae pfkq fh` nh`kap aopl wlti pfk ztalt `hq/ Wfko pfkq rha` pfhp pfkq fhòlp# fk ch{gfk` ho` rha` pfhp fk iokw pfk eknhckr wl{c` olpnhik ap ao/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq k.nhack` fkt r{zktuarlt ho`ho FT Hrrarphop pl blnzchao hdl{p pfk Nhohgkt‑r rkvarptknhti/ Pfkq à` olp tkrzlo`/ Pfk okvp `hq# hr rfk whrckhuaog wlti# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq {rk` fkt bkcc zflok plzlrp h nkrrhgk lo Ehbkdlli/ [raog rlnk ztlehoapq# rfkaoàbhpk` pfhp rfk bl{c` fho`ck mlikr d{p rfk à` olp whoppl dk plc` pfhp rfk whr ckrr le h zktrlo dkbh{rk rfk whr h

eknhck/Hcpfl{gf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr Ehbkdlli –etako`r„

wapf rkukthc blwltiktr# locq lok# pfk X{hcapq BloptlcR{zktuarlt wfl whr wapf fkt wfko pfk Nhohgkt nh`k pfkrolwrpltn tknhti# tkrzlo`k` `{taog pfk blouktrhpalo pfhpkor{k` lukt pfk okvp ekw fl{tr/ Ao pfar blouktrhpalo# pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq# wapfl{p rzkbaeabhccq ohnaog pfk Nhohgkt#nh`k rkukthc `ktlghpltq tknhtir hdl{p fan/ Rkukthc–etako`r„ kvztkrrk` r{zzltp elt pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r



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okghpauk hrrktpalor hdl{p pfk Nhohgkt# ho` lok plc` fktpfhp rfk okk`k` pl phik ap e{tpfkt/

H wkki chpkt# wfack pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr wltiaog aopfk leeabk wapf pfk X{hcapq Bloptlc R{zktuarlt# h blwltiktwhr bhcck` aopl ho h`mhbkop leeabk wapf pfk Knzclqkt‑r

Ztkra`kop# pfk Phoi Qht` Nhohgkt# ho` ho FT Hrrarphop/Wfko pfk blwltikt bhnk l{p# fk rha` pfhp fk fh` dkko eatk`/Hr pfk Ztkra`kop bhnk l{p le pfk nkkpaog# fk cllik` hp pfkX{hcapq Bloptlc R{zktuarlt ho` hrik` ae rfk àrhgtkk`/ Rfkrha` ap whr olp ehat# ho` pfko dlpf rfk ho` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq rphtpk` pl btq/ Pfk Ztkra`kop plc` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq pfhp fk à` olp iolw wfq rfk whr {zrkp ho` pfhp rfkwhr hctkh`q lo pfao abk/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq pfko wkop aopl pfk tkrptlln ho`zlrpk` h nkrrhgk lo Ehbkdlli etln fkt bkcc zflok/ Rfkrphpk` pfhp rfk bl{cò‑p dkcakuk knzclqkkr wktk clraogpfkat mldr dkbh{rk pfkq hrik` elt fkcz# ho` rfk aoàbhpk`

pfhp rfk whr uktq {zrkp/

Wfko rfk tkp{tok` pl fkt wlti htkh# pfk Ztkra`kopbhcck` fkt aopl h nkkpaog/ Pfk Ztkra`kop plc` fkt pfhp rfkwhr gkppaog {zrkp lukt rlnkpfaog pfhp whr olok le fktd{raokrr/ Fk rphpk` pfhp ap whr lihq pfhp knzclqkkr bhnkpl phci pl fkt# d{p pfhp nhohgknkop à` olp caik pfhp rfkgaukr pfkn fkt lzaoalo/ Rfk tkrzlo`k` pfhp rfk m{rp plc`knzclqkkr pl ikkz h clg ho` phik olpkr pfhp pfkq bho {rk plfkcz pfkn chpkt/

@{taog fkt c{obfpank# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` hrktakr le blnnkopr lo Ehbkdlli {raog fkt bkcc zflok/ Pfkrkblnnkopr kcabapk` rqnzhpfkpab tkrzlorkr etln pwl olo.knzclqkk –etako`r/„ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq rha` pfhp ap whr huktq dh` `hq# pfhp lok le fkt etako`r fh` dkko eatk`dkbh{rk fk fh` hrik` elt fkcz# ho` pfhp rfk fh` dkkorblc`k` elt bhtaog/

Chpkt pfhp hepktollo# pfk Ztkra`kop pktnaohpk` fkt/Fk rha` pfhp fk fh` plc` fkt olp pl gkp knlpalohccqaoulcuk` ho` pfko rfk fh` nh`k pfk Ehbkdlli zlrpaogr etlnpfk blnzhoq blnz{pkt lo blnzhoq pank/ Fk fh` ztaopl{pr lefkt Ehbkdlli blnnkopr/ Rfk zlaopk` l{p pfhp pfk zlrpaogrbhnk etln fkt bkcc zflok/ Fk tkrzlo`k` pfhp fk fh` fh`

kol{gf ho` pfhp pfkq à` olp hzztkbahpk pfk blnnkopr rfkfh` zlrpk` pfk ztalt wkki hdl{p pfk Phoi Qht` Nhohgkt/ Fkpfko ragok` ho Knzclqkk Whtoaog Tkzltp# wfabf rphpk` pfhphepkt h blhbfaog lo olp gkppaog aoulcuk` wapf lpfktknzclqkk ztldcknr# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fh` blopao{k` plulabk fkt lzaoalo lo Ehbkdlli lo blnzhoq pank# pfhp pfarwhr {oztlekrralohc# ho` wl{c` olp dk plckthpk`/

Hr kvzchaok` hdluk# Rkbpalo 7 ztlpkbpr knzclqkkr‑tagfp pl koghgk ao –blobktpk` hbpauapq„ pfhp ar elt –n{p{hc



4:

ha` ho` ztlpkbpalo/„ [o`kt pfk Nkqktr bhrkr# pfk Dlht`‑rpkrp elt r{bf blobktpk` hbpauapq ar wfkpfkt pfk hbpauapq ar–koghgk` ao wapf lt lo pfk h{pfltapq le lpfkt knzclqkkr#ho` olp rlckcq dq ho` lo dkfhce le pfk knzclqkk fanrkce/„Hr àrb{rrk`# knzclqkkr‑ àrb{rralo le rfhtk` blobktorhdl{p pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop# kuko wfko –ao apr

aobkzpalo Yap^ aoulcukr locq h rzkhikt ho` h carpkokt # / // ar ho aoàrzkorhdck ztkcanaohtq rpkz pl knzclqkk rkce.ltghoa}hpalo/„ E{tpfkt# pfk Dlht` fhr fkc` pfhp hoknzclqkt‑r àrbfhtgk le ho knzclqkk pl ztkukop e{p{tkknzclqkk àrb{rralor le pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkopar {ochwe{c/ Rkk Zhtkvkc Aopktohpalohc# CCB# 2;5 OCTD Ol/64# rcaz lz/ hp 0 &4:88!/

Fktk# pfk Knzclqkt whr blobktok` hdl{p pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r aoulcuknkop ao fkt blwltiktr‑ wlti.tkchpk`ztldcknr# aobc{àog fkt àrb{rralor wapf ekcclw knzclqkkrhdl{p pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ Pfk Ztkra`kopiokw pfhp knzclqkkr bhnk pl fkt elt hùabk# ho` fk

kvztkrrcq bl{orkck` fkt olp pl leekt pfkn fkt lzaoalor/Fkt r{drkx{kop Ehbkdlli zlrpaog ztkbazaphpk` fkt àrbfhtgkdkbh{rk pfk Knzclqkt zktbkauk` pfhp rfk wl{c` olp blnzcqwapf far lthc whtoaog olp pl koghgk ao ztlpkbpk`blouktrhpalor wapf fkt ekcclw knzclqkkr hdl{p pfkat wltiaogbloàpalor/ Wk pfktkeltk blobc{`k` pfhp Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whràrbfhtgk` elt fkt ztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq le koghgaogao àrb{rralor wapf fkt blwltiktr hdl{p wltiaog bloàpalorho` hr h –ztk.knzpauk rptaik„ dkbh{rk le pfk Knzclqkt‑rekht le wfhp pflrk àrb{rralor nagfp ckh` pl/

Knzclqkkr‑ Ehbkdlli Zlrpaogr Hdl{p R{zktuarlt ho`Ztlnlpalo Rkckbpalo Wktk Ztlpkbpk` Blobktpk` Hbpauapq

Ao pfar bhrk# wk blora`ktk` wfkpfkt pfk Knzclqkt..hukpktaohtq flrzaphc..ualchpk` Rkbpalo 6&h!&8! dqàrbfhtgaog pwl knzclqkkr ho` àrbazcaoaog pwl lpfktknzclqkkr elt pfkat Ehbkdlli blnzchaopr tkghtàog pfkatr{zktuarlt ho` pfk Knzclqkt‑r rkckbpalo le ho knzclqkk eltztlnlpalo/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk knzclqkkr wktk koghgk` aoztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq ho` pf{r pfhp pfk àrbfhtgkrho` àrbazcaok wktk {ochwe{c/

Lo Nhtbf 28# 4:88# pfk Knzclqkt ztlnlpk` ho knzclqkk

pl pfk zlrapalo le –bl.nhohgkt/„ Chpkt pfhp `hq ho` hghaopfhp kukoaog# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq àrb{rrk` pfk ztlnlpalowapf pwl rkzhthpk blwltiktr/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq plc` pfkblwltiktr pfhp rfk whr {zrkp wapf pfk whq pfk zlrapalo fh`dkko eacck` ho` wapf pfk rkckbpalo le pfk knzclqkk/

Wfko rfk glp flnk# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` h nkrrhgklo fkt Ehbkdlli hbbl{op tkeckbpaog fkt et{rpthpalo/ Rfkaoàbhpk` pfhp rfk fh` ztkppq n{bf dkko plc` pfhp hcc le



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pfk wlti rfk fh` dkko `laog whro‑p wltpf hoqpfaog ho` pfhprfk bl{cò‑p `l ap hoqnltk/

Pftkk blwltikt Ehbkdlli –etako`r„ tkrzlo`k` pl pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r zlrp# tkr{cpaog ao h Ehbkdlli blouktrhpaloao wfabf pfkq blnzchaok`# hnlog lpfkt pfaogr# hdl{p pfk

wlnho wfl fh` glppko pfk ztlnlpalo ho` hdl{p narnhohgknkop/Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq olpk` pfhp rfk fh` olp tkbkauk` h tharklt h tkuakw ao pftkk qkhtr# pfhp pfk ztlnlpk` aoàua`{hcà` olp `l hoq wlti# ho` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt àò‑p iolw flwpl pkcc zklzck wfko pfkq à` h gll` mld/ Lok blwltiktblnnkopk` pfhp ap wl{c` dk ztkppq e{ooq ae hcc le pfk gll`knzclqkkr hbp{hccq x{ap/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq kvztkrrk` fkthzztkbahpalo elt pfk r{zzltp fkt blwltiktr fh` gauko fktho` rphpk` pfhp pfar whro‑p lukt dq h clog rflp# ho` pfhpfkt `hqr hp pfk knzclqkt wktk canapk`/

Ao pfk `hqr elcclwaog pfar Ehbkdlli blouktrhpalo# pfkKnzclqkt pktnaohpk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ho` lok le pfk

blwltiktr# ho` àrbazcaok` pfk lpfkt pwl blwltiktr# dkbh{rkle pfkat zlrpr lo Ehbkdlli/

Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk knzclqkkr wktk koghgk` aoztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq wfko pfkq zlrpk` blnnkopr loEhbkdlli àrb{rraog pfkat rfhtk` blobktor hdl{p pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ Pfkrk àrb{rralor blorpap{pk`–blobktpk` hbpauapq elt n{p{hc ha` ho` ztlpkbpalo„ wapfaopfk nkhoaog le Rkbpalo 7 dkbh{rk n{cpazck knzclqkkr wktkaoulcuk` ao pfk àrb{rralo# ho` pfk àrb{rralo aoulcuk` hpktn lt bloàpalo le knzclqnkop/ Fktk# ztalt pl fktEhbkdlli zlrpaogr# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq rzlik pl pwlblwltiktr# lo rkzhthpk lbbhralor# hdl{p pfkat rfhtk`blobktor lukt flw pfk Knzclqkt rkckbpk` pfk knzclqkk eltztlnlpalo/ Pfk knzclqkkr‑ àrb{rralor lo Ehbkdlli hcrl`khcp wapf pfk Knzclqkt‑r rkckbpalo le pfk –bl.nhohgkt#„ hrwkcc hr wapf rfhtk` blobktor lukt pfk x{hcapq le pfkatr{zktuaralo ho` pfk lzzltp{oapq pl dk blora`ktk` eltztlnlpalo# anzltphop pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/

Ao pfk Nkqktr bhrkr# àrb{rrk` hdluk# pfk Dlht`htpab{chpk` pfhp pl dk ztlpkbpk`# blobktpk` hbpauapq –n{rprkki pl aoapahpk lt pl ao`{bk lt pl ztkzhtk elt gtl{zhbpalo/„ Pfar ar nlrp bckhtcq nkp wfko ho knzclqkk gtl{zàrb{rralo kvztkrrcq aobc{`kr pfk plzab le blcckbpauk

hbpalo/ D{p pfar tkx{atknkop nhq hcrl dk nkp wfko pfkàrb{rralo `lkr olp aobc{`k h b{ttkop zcho pl hbp plh``tkrr pfk knzclqkkr‑ blobktor/ Ao pfar tkght`# pfk Dlht`fhr clog `krbtadk` blobktpk` hbpauapq –ao pktnr leaopkthbpalo hnlog knzclqkkr/„ Nkqktr A# 456 OCTD hp 010/Pfk Dlht` fhr hcrl kvzchaok` pfhp ao h uhtakpq lebatb{nrphobkr# knzclqkkr‑ àrb{rralo le rfhtk` blobktorhdl{p pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop# kuko wfko –ao apraobkzpalo Yap^ aoulcukr locq h rzkhikt ho` h carpkokt # / // ar ho aoàrzkorhdck ztkcanaohtq rpkz pl knzclqkk rkce.



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ltghoa}hpalo/„ Nkqktr A# 456 OCTD hp 010 &knzfhrar aoltagaohc!9 Nkqktr AA# 468 OCTD hp 667# x{lpaog Tllp.Bhtcao#Aob/# 14 OCTD 8282# 8280 &81;8!/

Hzzcqaog pfkrk ztaobazckr# wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfkknzclqkkr wktk koghgk` ao blobktpk` hbpauapq dq zlrpaog

blnnkopr lo pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zhgk/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrp rzhtik` h blcckbpaukàhclg{k pfhp kcabapk` tkrzlorkr etln pftkk le fktblwltiktr# ho` pfkat blouktrhpalor tkchpk` pl rfhtk`blobktor hnlog pfk knzclqkkr lukt anzltphop pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/

Wk olpk` pfhp pfk knzclqkkr‑ zlrpr lo Ehbkdlli nagfpr{ggkrp gtl{z hbpalo/ Pfk r{ggkrpalo dq lok blwltikt pfhpap wl{c` dk ztkppq e{ooq ae pfk gll` knzclqkkr x{ap ho` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blobc{àog rphpknkop pfhp pfar whro‑p luktho` pfhp fkt `hqr wktk canapk` bl{c` dk tkh` hr khtcqkvztkrralor le ho aopkop pl aoapahpk gtl{z hbpalo ho` bl{c`

fhuk dkko pfk rkk`r le blcckbpauk hbpalo pl bfhogk pfkatwltiaog bloàpalor/ Wfack pfk blobktpk` hbpalor kvztkrrkào pfk zlrpr wktk le h ztkcanaohtq ohp{tk# wk blobc{`k`pfhp pfk nluknkop plwht` blobktpk` hbpalo whr fhcpk` dq pfkKnzclqkt‑r ztk.knzpauk àrbfhtgk ho` àrbazcaok le hcc pfkknzclqkkr aoulcuk` ao pfk Ehbkdlli zlrpr/ Pf{r# wkblobc{`k` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt {ochwe{ccq ztkukopk` pfket{apalo le pfk knzclqkkr‑ ztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq/

Knzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli Zlrpaogr Hdl{p Nhohgkt‑r Hppap{`k ho`Rpqck Wktk Ztlpkbpk` Blobktpk` Hbpauapq

Pfar bhrk ztkrkopk` pfk arr{k le wfkpfkt pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq whr koghgk` ao ztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq wfko rfkzlrpk` h nkrrhgk lo holpfkt knzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli zhgk/ Wkblobc{`k` pfhp rfk whr ho` pf{r pfhp fkt àrbfhtgk whr{ochwe{c/

Pfk Knzclqkt lzkthpkr h zlzblto zhbihgaog ehbacapq/Ztalt pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog hp arr{kfktk# o{nktl{r le pfk Knzclqkt‑r knzclqkkr fh` àrb{rrk`hnlog pfknrkcukr pfk okghpauk hppap{`k ho` r{zktuaralo lepfk Knzclqkt‑r Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt ho` apr keekbp lo pfkwltizchbk/ Rkukthc knzclqkkr# aobc{àog pfk Bfhtgaog

Zhtpq# fh` kvztkrrk` pfkrk blobktor pl nhohgknkop leeabahcrlt pl h nhohgknkop blor{cphop fatk` dq pfk Knzclqkt/

Lo Ekdt{htq 42# 4:88# rkukthc knzclqkkr fh` h Ehbkdlliblouktrhpalo# dkgaooaog wapf lok knzclqkk‑r zlrpaog pfhppfktk fh` dkko rl n{bf `thnh hp pfk zchop/ H rkblo`knzclqkk hrik` elt `kphacr# ho` pfk eatrp knzclqkktkrzlo`k` pfhp rfk fh` fkht` holpfkt knzclqkk fh` glppkowtappko {z elt dkaog –h rnhtp hrr#„ pfhp pfktk wktk rpaccol dhgr# ho` pfhp pfkq wktk glaog pl fhuk pl wlti lo



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Rhp{t`hq pl nhik {z elt holpfkt `hq/ Pfk rkblo` knzclqkktkzcak` pfhp pfk àrbazcaok` knzclqkk ztldhdcq whro‑p –hfhzzq bhnzkt#„ ho` pfk eatrp knzclqkk blnnkopk` pfhp pfkKnzclqkt blnzchaor hdl{p wfl glkr lo dtkhi ho` elt flw clogho` pfhp pfkq wktk olp `laog wfhp pfkq rfl{c` dk `laog/

H pfat` knzclqkk# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq# pfko zlrpkùhtal{r blnnkopr# aobc{àog pfhp rfk fhpk` pfhp zchbk ho`bl{cò‑p whap pl gkp l{p le pfktk/ Rfk hcrl rphpk` pfhppfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt dtl{gfp lo h clp le pfk `thnh ho`pfhp ap whr pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt wfl nh`k ap rl dh`/

Pfk eatrp knzclqkk pfko zlrpk` pfhp rfk warfk` rfkbl{c` gkp holpfkt mld# ho` pfhp ap whr fht` pl gkp h e{ccpank mld/ Pfar blouktrhpalo whr olp àrb{rrk` e{tpfktlocaok lt hp wlti dq hoq le pfk knzclqkkr aoulcuk`/

Lo Nhtbf 4# pfk Knzclqkt àrbfhtgk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqelt fkt Ehbkdlli zlrpaog tkghtàog pfk Knzclqkt ho` apr

Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt/

Wk aoapahccq el{o` pfhp pfk r{dmkbp le pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog whr ztlpkbpk` dq pfk Hbp/ Ap arwkcc krphdcarfk` pfhp knzclqkk blnzchaopr ho` btapabarnhdl{p h r{zktuarlt‑r hppap{`k ho` zkteltnhobk nhq dkztlpkbpk` dq pfk Hbp &rkk# k/g/# Httlw Kckbptab Blnzhoq#Aob/# 242 OCTD 156 &8117!# koe`/ 8;; E/2` 754 &5pf Bat/8116!# ho` pfhp pfk ztlpkrp le r{zktuarltq hbpalor arztlpkbpk` blo`{bp {o`kt Rkbpalo 7 &rkk# k/g/# @hpwqcktT{ddkt ho` Zchrpabr# Aob/# 2;: OCTD 551 &4::7!!/

Wk e{tpfkt blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blo`{bpwhr zhtp le knzclqkkr‑ blobktpk` hbpauapq elt n{p{hc ha`ho` ztlpkbpalo# dlpf dkbh{rk ap whr h blopao{hpalo le pfkkhtcakt gtl{z hbpalo pfhp aobc{`k` knzclqkk blnzchaopr plnhohgknkop hdl{p pfk Knzclqkt‑r Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt# ho`dkbh{rk ap whr zhtp le h àrb{rralo le knzclqkkr‑ rfhtk`blobktor hdl{p pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/

Wk hcrl `kba`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdllizlrpaog wl{c` fhuk dkko ztlpkbpk` ao hoq bhrk# dkbh{rk aphtlrk hr zhtp le ho knzclqkk àrb{rralo tkghtàog rfhtk`blobktor hdl{p pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog whr àtkbpk` pl h gtl{z

pfhp aobc{`k` hp ckhrp pftkk blwltiktr/ Hcpfl{gf pfkzlrpaog whr zfthrk` ao pktnr le pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r lwoàrrhparehbpalo wapf pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt ho` pfkKnzclqkt‑r lzkthpalo gkokthccq# ap htlrk ao ho loglaogblouktrhpalo dkpwkko knzclqkkr àrb{rraog lpfkt Rkbpalo 7r{dmkbpr tkchpk` pl pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop#aobc{àog pfk àrbazcaok le holpfkt knzclqkk# aoh`kx{hpkr{zzcakr# ho` wlti rbfk`{caog/



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Eaohccq# wk cllik` hp wfkpfkt pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rEhbkdlli zlrpaog clrp pfk ztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/ Ao nhiaogpfar `kpktnaohpalo wk blora`ktk` wfkpfkt pfk hzztlztahpkrpho`ht` rfl{c` dk pfhp le OCTD u/ ADKW# Clbhc Ol/ 8441&Mkeektrlo Rpho`ht`!# 205 [/R/ 050# 074 &81;2! lt pfkDlht`‑r Hpchopab Rpkkc Bl/# 40; OCTD 680# 685.687 &8171!

rpho`ht`/

Pfk Mkeektrlo Rpho`ht` pkrp whr krphdcarfk` dq pfkR{ztknk Bl{tp pl hohcq}k fho`daccr pfhp wktk zhtp le hoaopkopalohc hzzkhc pl pfk gkokthc z{dcab/ Pfk Dlht` fhrhzzcak` pfar pkrp pl knzclqkk blnn{oabhpalor pfhp htkaopko`k` pl hzzkhc àtkbpcq pl pfat` zhtpakr# wapf ho kqkplwht` wfkpfkt pflrk blnn{oabhpalor tkektkobk h chdltàrz{pk ho` htk rl àrzhthgaog le pfk knzclqkt lt aprztl`{bp hr pl clrk pfk ztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/

Hpchopab Rpkkc ar gkokthccq {rk` pl hohcq}kblnn{oabhpalor dkpwkko knzclqkkr ho` r{zktuarltr# ho`

rzkbaeabhccq elb{rkr lo wfkpfkt pfk blnn{oabhpalor wl{c`àrt{zp lt {o`ktnaok rflz àrbazcaok/ Ao `kpktnaoaogwfkpfkt knzclqkk blo`{bp ar rl –lzztldtal{r„ hr pl eltekapztlpkbpalo {o`kt pfk Hbp# pfk Dlht` cllir hp pfk zchbk lepfk àrb{rralo# pfk r{dmkbp nhppkt le pfk àrb{rralo# pfkohp{tk le pfk l{pd{trp# ho` wfkpfkt pfk l{pd{trp whrztlulik` dq pfk knzclqkt‑r {oehat chdlt zthbpabkr/

Blora`ktaog pfk elb{r ho` pthàpalohc hzzcabhpalo leMkeektrlo Rpho`ht`# wk blobc{`k` pfhp ap à` olp ztlua`k hr{aphdck ethnkwlti pl hohcq}k pfk Ehbkdlli zlrpaog fktk/Wk `kpktnaok` pfhp pfar Ehbkdlli àrb{rralo whr nltkhohclgl{r pl h blouktrhpalo hnlog knzclqkkr pfhp arluktfkht` dq pfat` zhtpakr pfho pl ho aopkopalohcàrrknaohpalo le knzclqkt aoeltnhpalo pl pfk z{dcab rkkiaogpfkat r{zzltp# ho` pf{r pfhp ho Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrarwl{c` dk nltk hzztlztahpk/ Wk tkblgoa}k`# flwkukt# pfhp hEhbkdlli zlrpaog `lkr olp kvhbpcq nattlt pfk rap{hpalo aoho Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrar# wfabf pqzabhccq elb{rkr lowfkpfkt pfk blnn{oabhpalor wl{c` àrt{zp lt {o`ktnaok rflzàrbazcaok/ Wk hcrl olpk` pfhp pfk Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrar`lkr olp {r{hccq blora`kt pfk anzhbp le àrzhthgaogblnnkopr nh`k pl pfat` zhtpakr/ Pf{r# wk `kba`k` pfhp hnlàeak` Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrar pfhp blora`ktr olp locqàrt{zpalo pl wltizchbk àrbazcaok# d{p pfhp hcrl dlttlwr

etln Mkeektrlo Rpho`ht` pl hohcq}k pfk hcckgk`àrzhthgknkop le pfk knzclqkt‑r ztl`{bpr ho` rktuabkr#wl{c` nltk bclrkcq elcclw pfk rzatap le pfk Dlht`‑rm{tarzt{`kobk tkghtàog pfk ztlpkbpalo heelt`k` pl knzclqkkrzkkbf/

Hzzcqaog pfar nlàeak` Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrar# wkblobc{`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli àrb{rralo àòlp clrk pfk ztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/ Pfk r{dmkbp nhppkt lepfk zlrpaog wkagfk` ao ehult le ztlpkbpalo hr ap aoulcuk` h



4;

blnzchaop hdl{p pfk Knzclqkt‑r Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt ho` fktkeekbp lo pfk wltizchbk# h ztlpkbpk` r{dmkbp pfhp whr nh`k`{taog ho knzclqkk àrb{rralo le pfk wltizchbk ho` rkukthclpfkt Rkbpalo 7 r{dmkbpr pfhp bckhtcq aoulcuk` ltanzcabhpk` pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ Wkagfaoghghaorp h eaoàog le ztlpkbpalo whr pfk ehbp pfhp pfk

àrb{rralo whr olp ztlulik` dq ho {oehat chdlt zthbpabk/

Wk `kba`k` pfhp pfk tknhaoaog Hpchopab Rpkkc ehbpltr..pfk clbhpalo le pfk blouktrhpalo ho` pfk ohp{tk le pfkl{pd{trp..n{rp dk h`hzpk` pl tkeckbp pfk aofktkopàeektkobkr dkpwkko h Ehbkdlli àrb{rralo ho` h wltizchbkl{pd{trp/ Pfk àrb{rralo lbb{ttk` hp flnk `{taog olo.wltifl{tr# ho` pf{r whr olp rl àrt{zpauk le wltizchbkàrbazcaok hr pl wkagf ao ehult le clraog ztlpkbpalo {o`kth pthàpalohc Hpchopab Rpkkc hohcqrar/ E{tpfkt# hcpfl{gfpfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq blnzchaok` hdl{p pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt#pfkrk blnzchaopr wktk olp hbblnzhoak` dq uktdhc lt zfqrabhcpftkhpr# ho` pfk Dlht` fhr el{o` eht nltk kgtkgal{r

zktrlohc bfhthbpkta}hpalor ho` ohnk.bhccaog pl dkztlpkbpk`/

Flwkukt# gauko pfhp pfk blouktrhpalo whr hcrl uakwk`dq rlnk rnhcc o{ndkt le olo.knzclqkk nkndktr le pfk z{dcab#wk hcrl blora`ktk` pfk anzhbp le pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rzlrpaog lo pfk Knzclqkt‑r tkz{phpalo ho` d{raokrr/ Wkel{o` pfhp# ao pfk blopkvp le pfar Ehbkdlli àrb{rralo# pfk–ohp{tk le pfk l{pd{trp„ ho` –clbhpalo„ aox{atakr leHpchopab Rpkkc nktgk pl tkx{atk blora`kthpalo le pfk anzhbple pfk ehbp pfhp pfk àrb{rralo bl{c` dk uakwk` dq pfat`zhtpakr/ Fktk# pfk Knzclqkt hrrktpk` pfhp pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog whr –àrzhthgaog„ le pfk Knzclqktho` apr Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt# ho` pfhp pfar m{rpaeak` fktàrbfhtgk/ Wfack pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blnnkopr hdl{p pfkKnzclqkt‑r Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt wktk bktphaocq btapabhc# apar bckht {o`kt Dlht` chw pfhp pfkq wktk olp `kehnhpltq ltlpfktwark rl àrzhthgaog hr pl clrk ztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/Pfkq wktk le h ohp{tk tl{paokcq el{o` ztlpkbpk` dq pfkDlht`# ho` wktk olp ao hoq whq btapabhc le pfk Knzclqkt‑rztl`{bp lt d{raokrr zlcabakr/ Pf{r# wk `kba`k` pfhp pfarnlàeak` hohcqrar wkagfk` ao ehult le eaoàog pfhp pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog tkphaok` pfk ztlpkbpalole pfk Hbp/

Eaoàog pfhp pfk locq ehbplt pfhp wkagfk` hghaorptkphaoaog pfk Hbp‑r ztlpkbpalo whr pfhp pfk àrb{rralo whrolp ztlulik` dq ho {oehat chdlt zthbpabk# wk blobc{`k` pfhppfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zlrpaog à` olp clrk pfkztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/



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Knzclqkk‑r Btapabhc Locaok Zlrpaogr Wktk Ztlpkbpk`Blobktpk` Hbpauapq Pfhp @a` Olp Clrk Hbp‑r Ztlpkbpalo

Ao holpfkt bhrk# wk blora`ktk` wfkpfkt pfk Knzclqkt..hflrzaphc..ualchpk` pfk Hbp dq àrbazcaoaog ho` àrbfhtgaog

pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq.‐h o{trk..dkbh{rk le nkrrhgkr fk zlrpk`locaok `{taog h rkuko.nlopf zktal` ao 4:8:/ Wk blobc{`k`pfhp hcc le pfk locaok zlrpaogr wktk ztlpkbpk` blobktpk`hbpauapq ho` pfhp pfkq wktk olp rl `kehnhpltq ltàrzhthgaog hr pl clrk pfk ztlpkbpalo le pfk Hbp/

Pfk dhbigtl{o` ehbpr ao pfar bhrk gl dhbi pl Olukndkt4::6# wfko h tkbkopcq àrbfhtgk` flrzaphc knzclqkk iacck`lok r{zktuarlt ho` btapabhccq wl{o`k` holpfkt/ PfkKnzclqkt‑r aopktohc aoukrpaghpalo blopko`k` pfhp pfkàrbfhtgk le pfk knzclqkk fh` dkko fho`ck` hzztlztahpkcq#d{p pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkzkhpk`cq hrrktpk` pfhp pfkKnzclqkt‑r blo`{bp bloptad{pk` pl pfk rfllpaog aoba`kop/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hcrl lepko z{dcabcq btapaba}k` pfkKnzclqkt‑r –nhohgknkop rpqck#„ aobc{àog h Ekdt{htq 4::1ckppkt ao pfk clbhc okwrzhzkt ao wfabf fk àrb{rrk` pfkKnzclqkt‑r –hd{rk„ le apr knzclqkkr/ Ao Lbpldkt 4::1# pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq whr x{lpk` ao h okwrzhzkt h` ao wfabf hfkhcpfbhtk blhcapalo rphpk` pfhp ho hùarltq dlht`krphdcarfk` dq lok le pfk rphpk‑r dltl{gfr fh` el{o`r{eeabakop kua`kobk pl whtthop aoukrpaghpaog pfk Knzclqkt‑rblo`{bp# aobc{àog wfkpfkt pfk Knzclqkt‑r blo`{bpbloptad{pk` pl pfk rfllpaogr/ Hcrl ao Lbpldkt 4::1# pfk[oalo pfhp tkztkrkopk` pfk Knzclqkt‑r o{trkr h`lzpk` htkrlc{palo zktphaoaog pl wltizchbk d{ccqaog ao fkhcpfbhtk#ho` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr pfhoik` elt hcc le far fht` wltiao apr zhrrhgk/

Ao Nhtbf 4:8:# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` ho locaokblnnkop ao pfk clbhc okwrzhzkt ao blom{obpalo wapf h ckppktpl pfk kàplt fk fh` wtappko pfhp hcrl whr zlrpk`/ Pfkblnnkop tkekttk` pl pfk tkrlc{palo le ho {oehat chdltzthbpabk bfhtgk pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fh` eack`..`{taog farztkual{r rktuabk hr pfk [oalo‑r Gtakuhobk Leeabkt..hcckgaog pfhp pfk Knzclqkt fh` {ochwe{ccq àrbazcaok` pfk[oalo‑r clbhc ztkra`kop/

Lo M{ok 48# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk` holpfkt clbhcokwrzhzkt locaok ckppkt pl pfk kàplt btapabhc le pfkKnzclqkt/ Hcpfl{gf pfk d{ci le pfk ckppkt à` olp `khcàtkbpcq wapf hoq rzkbaeab hbpalor phiko dq pfk Knzclqkt#pfk ckppkt rphpk` pfhp pfk flrzaphc‑r bltzlthpk hd{rk whr`lb{nkopk` ho` blopao{aog ho` pfhp pfar –ohpalohc bltzlthpkzhthàgn„ fh` ck` pl `krpt{bpalo le caek hp pfk flrzaphc/

Pfk eatrp àrbazcaok {o`kt bfhcckogk ao pfar bhrklbb{ttk` lo M{ok 2:# wfko pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkbkauk` h



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wtappko tkztanho` tkghtàog pfk Nhtbf ho` M{ok rphpknkopr/Pfk Knzclqkt blopko`k` pfhp pfkq wktk ehcrk ho` narckhàog#ho` pfhp pfk M{ok blnnkopr wktk aoechnnhpltq ho` aom{tal{rpl pfk flrzaphc‑r tkz{phpalo/

Lo M{cq 4:# h ckppkt pl pfk kàplt wtappko dq pfk

Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr zlrpk` lo pfk clbhc okwrzhzkt‑r wkdrapk/Pfk ckppkt àrb{rrk` pfk Knzclqkt‑r –nhohgknkop rpqck#„ d{pnlrpcq elb{rk` lo apr nlolzlcq rphp{r ho` tkchpalor wapfn{oabazhc leeabahcr/ Lo M{cq 44# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq zlrpk`ho locaok blnnkop ao wfabf fk tkrzlo`k` pl h x{krpalo dq htkh`kt le far M{cq 4: ckppkt hriaog fan pl `krbtadk pfkKnzclqkt‑r nhohgknkop rpqck/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkzcak`pfhp far horwkt bl{c` gkp fan eatk`# d{p fk rphpk` pfhp pfkKnzclqkt‑r nhohgknkop rpqck whr –eht wltrk„ pfho d{ccqaog#pfhp knzclqkkr wfl rpll` {z pl nhohgknkop wktk arlchpk` ho`hpphbik`# ho` pfhp zktrlohc aoeltnhpalo whr {rk` aohppknzpr pl `krptlq knzclqkkr/ Fk bapk` kvhnzckr le el{tlpfkt knzclqkkr wfl rpll` {z pl nhohgknkop ho` wktk

r{dmkbpk` pl hd{rk ho` nhoaz{chpalo/ Fk hcrl tkekttk` pl hbhrk pfhp fh` glok pl htdapthpalo ao wfabf pfk knzclqkk fhòlp qkp tkbkauk` far dhbizhq hr lt`ktk`/

Pfk Knzclqkt r{rzko`k` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq lo M{cq 46/Ap olpk` pfhp wfack pfk M{cq 4: dclg aprkce à` olp tark plpfk ckukc okbkrrhtq elt blttkbpauk hbpalo# pfk M{cq 44 dclgblophaok` narckhàog ho` `kehnhpltq rphpknkopr pfhp wktkaom{tal{r pl pfk flrzaphc/

Lo Lbpldkt 84# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq nh`k h ztkrkophpalopl pfk dltl{gf hrrkndcq/ Pfk ztkrkophpalo aobc{`k` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r rphpknkop pfhp# {o`kt pfk ckh`ktrfaz lepfk Knzclqkt‑r BKL# pfktk fh` dkko n{cpazck {oehat chdltzthbpabkr eack`# eltbk` zlcabq bfhogkr# h n{t`kt,r{aba`k#{oehat eataogr# fhthrrnkop# ho` wltizchbk d{ccqaog/ Pfkpkvp le pfar ztkrkophpalo whr zlrpk` lo pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zhgk ho` ao ho locaok blnnkop ao pfkokwrzhzkt/

Lo Lbpldkt 86# pfk Knzclqkt pktnaohpk` pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq elt zlrpaog pfk ztkrkophpalo/ Pfk Knzclqkt bchank`pfhp pfk zlrpaog ualchpk` pfk bloàpalor le far ztkual{ràrbazcaohtq hbpalor ho` pfhp pfk rphpknkopr wktk {opt{kho` rkknk` pl dk `kragok` pl dtaog àrbtkàp pl pfk

flrzaphc‑r ckh`ktrfaz/Wk aoapahccq el{o` pfhp pfk blnnkopr ho`

blnn{oabhpalor tkcak` lo dq pfk Knzclqkt ao àrbazcaoaogho` àrbfhtgaog pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq wktk tkchpk` pl ho` aopfk blopkvp le ho lo.glaog chdlt àrz{pk dkpwkko pfkknzclqkkr ho` pfkat knzclqkt/ Ao pfar tkght`# pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r Nhtbf 85 blnnkop tkekttk` rzkbaeabhccq pl pfktkrlc{palo le ho {oehat chdlt zthbpabk bfhtgk/ Hr pl pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r M{ok 48 locaok ckppkt# pfk Knzclqkt



46

kvztkrrcq tkztanho`k` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt far àrb{rralole flrzaphc bltzlthpk hd{rkr ho` pfk –ohpalohc bltzlthpkzhthàgn„ pfhp ck` pl pfk `krpt{bpalo le caek hp pfkflrzaphc/ Ao pfkrk rphpknkopr# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq bckhtcqwhr tkekttaog pl far hrrktpalor pfhp pfk Knzclqktnarptkhpk` knzclqkkr/

Wk hcrl olpk` pfhp hcpfl{gf nlrp le pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r M{cq 4: ckppkt fh`# hp dkrp# ho hppko{hpk` tkchpalopl hoq chdlt àrz{pk# pfk Knzclqkt rzkbaeabhccq rphpk` pfhpap whr r{rzkoàog pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt far M{cq 44 locaokblnnkop hdl{p pfk ckppkt/ Pfhp blnnkop blorarpk` hcnlrpkopatkcq le h àrb{rralo le pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r hrrktpalorle pfk Knzclqkt‑r d{ccqaog ho` `krpt{bpauk dkfhualt plwht`knzclqkkr# aobc{àog h ckogpfq àrb{rralo le pfk Knzclqkt‑rptkhpnkop le fanrkce ho` el{t knzclqkkr wapf wfln fk fh`hbpk` ao blobktp/

Chrpcq# wk el{o` pfhp uatp{hccq hcc pfk r{dmkbpr

bluktk` ao pfk Lbpldkt 84 zlrpaogr aoulcuk` chdlt àrz{pkrwapf pfk Knzclqkt/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq àrb{rrk` pfkzhtpakr‑ blcckbpauk.dhtghaoaog farpltq# ho` tkzkhpk` farbtapabarn le pfk Knzclqkt‑r nhohgknkop rpqck ho` aprnarptkhpnkop le apr knzclqkkr# aobc{àog {oehat chdltzthbpabkr# eltbk` zlcabq bfhogkr# {oehat eataogr#fhthrrnkop# ho` d{ccqaog/

Okvp# wk el{o`# {o`kt pfk Nkqktr bhrkr àrb{rrk`hdluk# pfhp hcc le pfk blnnkopr ho` rphpknkopr tkcak` lo dqpfk Knzclqkt ao àrbazcaoaog ho` àrbfhtgaog pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq blorpap{pk` blobktpk` hbpauapq elt n{p{hc ha` ho`ztlpkbpalo {o`kt pfk Hbp/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r rphpknkoprwktk pfk clgabhc l{pgtlwpf le lpfkt knzclqkkr‑ blcckbpaukblobktor lt wktk nh`k wapf lt lo pfk h{pfltapq le lpfktknzclqkkr/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r àrb{rralo le pfk {oehatchdlt zthbpabk bhrk ho` gtakuhobk pfhp fk fh` khtcakt eack`tkekttk` pl hbpalo fk plli lo dkfhce le lpfkt knzclqkkr hrpfk [oalo‑r Gtakuhobk Leeabkt# ho` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rrphpknkopr hdl{p pfkrk nhppktr wktk h blopao{hpalo le pfkknzclqkkr‑ khtcakt blobktpk` {oalo hbpauapq/

Pfk lpfkt rphpknkopr hrrktpaog Knzclqkt wltizchbkhd{rk le knzclqkkr wktk pfk clgabhc l{pgtlwpf le clog.rphoàog blobktpk` hbpauapq/ Pfkrk arr{kr fh` htarko hr

khtcq hr Ekdt{htq ho` Lbpldkt 4::1# wfko pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqmlaok` wapf lpfkt knzclqkkr ho` [oalo leeabahcr aoz{dcarfaog hùktparknkopr hcckgaog Knzclqkt narblo`{bp ho`–hd{rk„ le apr knzclqkkr/ Nltklukt# dq Lbpldkt 4::1# clogdkeltk pfk àrbazcaok hp arr{k fktk# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fh`dkko wltiaog wapf pfk [oalo lo wltizchbk d{ccqaog arr{kr/

Ao hoq kukop# wk olpk` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rrphpknkopr wktk wa`kcq hzztluk` dq ekcclw knzclqkkr/Pftl{gfl{p pfk kopatk zktal` dkpwkko pfk M{ok 48 zlrpaog



41

ho` far Lbpldkt àrbfhtgk# ekcclw knzclqkkr zlrpk` nhoqnkrrhgkr le r{zzltp elt pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r rphpknkopr ho`gkokthc kobl{thgknkop elt far hbpauapq lo far Ehbkdllizhgk# aobc{àog rphpknkopr r{bf hr= –Pfhoi ql{ elt fhuaogehapf ao nk % fkczaog nq ulabk dk fkht`(9„ –ikkz eagfpaogpfk gll` eagfp9„ –Gtkhp ckppkt9„ –Pfhoir elt fkczaog {r

rphq aoeltnk`9„ –Caik pfk blnnkop9„ ho` –Pfhoi ql{ eltrzkhiaog elt {r wfl `l olp `htk/„

Eaohccq# wk h``tkrrk` pfk Knzclqkt‑r hrrktpalor pfhppfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r zlrpaogr wktk {oztlpkbpk`àrzhthgknkop lt `kehnhpalo/

[o`kt Mkeektrlo Rpho`ht`# àrb{rrk` hdluk# rphpknkoprwacc dk el{o` pl dk {oztlpkbpk` wfktk pfkq blorpap{pk –hrfhtz# z{dcab# àrzhthgaog hpphbi {zlo pfk x{hcapq le pfkblnzhoq‑r ztl`{bp ho` apr d{raokrr zlcabakr# ao h nhookttkhrlohdcq bhcb{chpk` pl fhtn pfk blnzhoq‑r tkz{phpalo ho`tk`{bk apr aoblnk/„ 205 [/R/ hp 078/ Pfk Dlht`# flwkukt#

fhr bh{palok` pfhp# –gtkhp bhtk n{rp dk phiko plàrpaog{arf dkpwkko àrzhthgknkop ho` pfk hataog le wfhpnhq dk fagfcq rkorapauk arr{kr/„ Hccak` Huahpalo RktuabkBl/# 406 OCTD 441# 428&816:!# koe`/ nkn/ 525 E/4` 848: &2`Bat/ 816:!/

Fktk# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq thark` rkorapauk arr{kr aopfk hepktnhpf le h pthgab rfllpaog hp pfk flrzaphc/Ao`kk`# far hrrktpalor pfhp pfk Knzclqkt blopao{k` pl–hpphbi„ ho` –`krptlq„ knzclqkkr wfl rpll` {z pl nhohgknkopho` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt blnnappk` h clog carp le bltzlthpkhd{rkr caoik` pfar blo`{bp ho` pfk rfllpaog/ Wk el{o` pfhphcc le pfkrk bchanr# flwkukt# wktk gkokthc btapabarnr lepfk Knzclqkt‑r ptkhpnkop le apr knzclqkkr ho` pfkat wltiaogbloàpalor ho` wktk tkchpk` pl ho` ao pfk blopkvp le lo.glaog chdlt àrz{pkr/ Nltklukt# pfk btapabarnr à` olpàrzhthgk pfk Knzclqkt‑r ztl`{bp..apr ztluaralo lefkhcpfbhtk/

Ao blora`ktaog pfk Knzclqkt‑r hrrktpalor le`kehnhpalo# wk hzzcak` pfk R{ztknk Bl{tp‑r `kpktnaohpalopfhp chdlt rzkkbf n{rp dk kuhc{hpk` {o`kt pfk –nhcabk„rpho`ht` ko{obahpk` ao Okw Qlti Pankr u/ R{ccauho# 275 [/R/4;0# 46: &8150!/ Pfar pkrp tkx{atkr h `kpktnaohpalo lewfkpfkt pfk rphpknkopr wktk nh`k wapf iolwck`gk le pfkatehcrapq lt wapf tkbickrr àrtkght` elt pfkat pt{pf lt

ehcrapq/ Wk hcrl olpk` pfhp pfk Dlht` ho` bl{tpr fhuktkblgoa}k` pfhp rphpknkopr ao flpcq blopkrpk` chdltbhnzhagor htk lepko rphpknkopr le lzaoalo lt eag{thpaukkvztkrralo# –tfkpltabhc fqzktdlck„ aobhzhdck le dkaogztluk` pt{k lt ehcrk ao hoq ldmkbpauk rkork/

Wk el{o` pfhp pfk rphpknkopr bfhcckogk` dq pfkKnzclqkt fktk wktk olp {oztlpkbpk` `kehnhpalo/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r rphpknkopr tkghtàog {oehat chdlt zthbpabkbhrkr ho` ho htdapthpalo hwht` wktk hp ckhrp gkokthccq



2:

ehbp.dhrk` ho` hbb{thpk/ Hr pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rrphpknkopr hcckgaog pfhp pfk Knzclqkt hd{rk`# d{ccak`#pftkhpkok`# ho` hpphbik` knzclqkkr# hr wkcc hr pfkhcckghpalor le dtliko ztlnarkr# {oehat eataogr# anztlzkt{rk le zktrlohc aoeltnhpalo# ho` fhthrrnkop# wk el{o` pfhpnhoq le pfkrk rphpknkopr# ae olp nlrp# kvztkrrk` ztkbarkcq

pfk iao` le lzaoalo lt eag{thpauk kvztkrralo pfhp pfk Dlht`ho` bl{tpr fhuk el{o` pl dk –tfkpltabhc fqzktdlck„ztlpkbpk` {o`kt pfk Hbp/

Pl pfk kvpkop pfhp pfkrk rphpknkopr à` hrrktpztluhdck lt àrztluhdck ehbpr# wk olpk` pfhp pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq‑r blnnkopr htlrk l{p le far farpltq le `khcaog wapf huhtakpq le chdlt àrz{pkr wapf pfk Knzclqkt/ Ao pfartkght`# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r rphpknkopr aobc{`k` rzkbaeabkvhnzckr {o`ktcqaog far blobc{rltq hcckghpalor# kvhnzckrpfhp bhnk etln far ldrktuhpalor le pfk Knzclqkt‑r blo`{bp#lt etln pfk tkzltpr le lpfkt knzclqkkr/ Pl pfk kvpkop r{bftkzltpr wktk olp# ao ehbp# hbb{thpk# ap ar wkcc krphdcarfk`

pfhp wfktk ho knzclqkk tkchqr ao gll` ehapf wfhp fk lt rfkfhr dkko plc` dq holpfkt knzclqkk# tkhrlohdcq dkcakuaog appl fhuk dkko pt{k# pfk ehbp pfhp pfk tkzltp nhq fhuk dkkoaohbb{thpk `lkr olp tknluk pfk tkchqk` tknhti etln pfkHbp‑r ztlpkbpalo/ Rkk# k/g/# Uhcckq Flrzaphc NkàbhcBkopkt# 2;8 OCTD hp 84;4.;2/ Ao hoq kukop# pfktk whr olkua`kobk pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq nh`k {z hoq le pfkrkhrrktpalor# lt pfhp pfkq lpfktwark wktk nhcabal{rcq ehcrk/Eaohccq# hr pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r r{ggkrpalor pfhp pfkKnzclqkt‑r anztlzkt blo`{bp nhq fhuk bloptad{pk` pl pfkrfllpaogr hp pfk flrzaphc# wk el{o` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt àòlp rflw pfhp pfkrk rphpknkopr wktk iolwaogcq ehcrk ltnhcabal{rcq {opt{k/

Knzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli Zlrpaogr Hdl{p Attaphpaog Blwltiktho` Wltizchbk Aoba`kop Wktk Olp Ztlpkbpk`

Ao holpfkt bhrk# wk cllik` hp wfkpfkt pfk Knzclqkt{ochwe{ccq àrbazcaok` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt fkt Ehbkdlliblnnkopr/ Wk el{o` ol ualchpalo dkbh{rk wk `kpktnaok` pfhppfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr olp koghgk` ao ztlpkbpk` blobktpk`hbpauapq/

Pfk Knzclqkt lzkthpkr h bfac`tko'r flrzaphc/ Pfk

Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr h tkrzathpltq pfkthzarp# wfl whr hcrlhrragok` pl pfk pthorzltp pkhn# wfabf pthorzltpr zhpakoprpl pfk flrzaphc dq hnd{chobk# nlrpcq etln lpfkt flrzaphcr/

Lo pfk kukoaog le Mho{htq 88# 4:88# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqwhr pthukcaog wapf pfk pkhn pl zabi {z h zhpakop ho` dtaogfkt pl pfk flrzaphc/ Rfk whr rappaog ao pfk dhbi le pfkhnd{chobk wapf h blwltikt# h zhthnkàb# wfl whr r{biaog farpkkpf/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq el{o` pfar zthbpabk attaphpaog/



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@{taog pfk ta`k# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq {rk` fkt bkcczflok pl zlrp h nkrrhgk lo Ehbkdlli aoàbhpaog pfhp ap whr`tauaog fkt o{pr pfhp fkt blwltikt whr r{biaog far pkkpf/Pwl le fkt Ehbkdlli –etako`r#„ wfl wktk olp knzclqkkr lepfk flrzaphc# tkrzlo`k` wapf r{zzltpaog blnnkopr# ho` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq tkrzlo`k` pfhp rfk whr hdl{p pl dkhp fan

wapf h ukopachplt/

Lobk pfk pthorzltp pkhn zabik` {z pfk zhpakop ho` fktnlpfkt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr rkhpk` ao pfk hnd{chobkehbaog pfk nlpfkt/ Hepkt rfk olpabk` dkfhualtr le pfkzhpakop pfhp wktk ranacht pl pflrk le fkt lwo rpkzrlo# rfkhrik` pfk nlpfkt wfkpfkt hoqlok fh` kukt plc` fkt pfhp fkt`h{gfpkt whr h{parpab/ Pfk blwltikt pfl{gfp ap whr{oztlekrralohc elt pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq pl r{ggkrp pfar plpfk nlpfkt/ Pfk blwltikt rphpk` pfhp fk aopko`k` pl rhqrlnkpfaog pl pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq hdl{p ap pfk okvp `hq/

Dkeltk pfk blwltikt bl{c` rhq hoqpfaog pl pfk Bfhtgaog

Zhtpq# lok le far blcckhg{kr rflwk` fan pfk Ehbkdlli zlrp/Fk pfl{gfp ap whr u{cght ho` zktrlohccq pftkhpkoaog ho`#aorpkh` le tharaog ap wapf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq# fk rkop hok.nhac pl nhohgknkop pfk okvp `hq blnzchaoaog hdl{p fktblnnkopr lo Ehbkdlli ho` fkt blo`{bp `{taog pfk pthorzltp/Hr h tkr{cp# chpkt lo Mho{htq 84# nhohgknkop aoeltnk` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq pfhp pfkq wktk tknluaog fkt etln pfkpthorzltp pkhn zkoàog e{tpfkt aoukrpaghpalo/

Pfk Knzclqkt aoukrpaghpk` ho`# lo Mho{htq 82#r{rzko`k` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq elt pwl `hqr dkbh{rk le fktokghpauk ho` pftkhpkoaog Ehbkdlli blnnkopr hdl{p fktblwltikt/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkp{tok` pl wlti hepkt fktr{rzkoralo# pfl{gf rfk bl{c` ol clogkt wlti ao pthorzltp/Lo Mho{htq 4;# rfk whr gauko h blttkbpauk hbpalo eltn plkvzchao pfk r{rzkoralo/ Ao h`àpalo pl pfk Mho{htq 88pftkhp pl rnhbi h blwltikt wapf h ukopachplt# pfk eltntkekttk` pl pfk {oztlekrralohc blouktrhpalo rfk fh` fh`wapf pfk zhpakop'r nlpfkt# ho` holpfkt Ehbkdlli blnnkop pfkKnzclqkt fh` dkblnk hwhtk le pfhp rfk fh` zlrpk` ao@kbkndkt# ao wfabf rfk fh` wtappko pfhp hzzhtkopcqtkrzathpltq pfkthzarpr àò‑p iolw wfhp pfkq wktk phciaoghdl{p/ Rfk kvzchaok` pfhp pfar whr h rhtbhrpab blnnkoppfhp rfk fh` wtappko pl kvztkrr et{rpthpalo lukt pfk chbile tkrzkbp h `lbplt fh` rflwo fkt/ Rfk rphpk` pfhp pfk

`lbplt fh` `kgth`k` fkt ho` nh`k fkt ekkc pfhp# hr htkrzathpltq pkbfoabaho# rfk à` olp iolw wfhp rfk whrphciaog hdl{p/ Pfk Knzclqkt bchank` pfhp pfk blnnkop whràrzhthgaog le fkt blwltiktr dkbh{rk ap r{ggkrpk` pfhp fktekcclw tkrzathpltq pfkthzarpr à` olp iolw wfhp pfkq wktk`laog/

Wk el{o` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Mho{htq 88 zlrp whrolp ztlpkbpk` dkbh{rk ap à` olp blobkto pktnr ho`bloàpalor le knzclqnkop/ Rfk whr nktkcq blnzchaoaog hdl{p



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pfk rl{o`r fkt blwltikt whr nhiaog# ho` whr olp kukor{ggkrpaog pfhp pfk Knzclqkt rfl{c` `l hoqpfaog hdl{p ap/

Pl pfk kvpkop pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr hcrlàrbazcaok` elt fkt @kbkndkt Ehbkdlli zlrpaog# pfhp blnnkopbl{c` htg{hdcq tkchpk pl pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop

dkbh{rk ap zktphaok` pl fkt uakw pfhp rfk whr olp tkrzkbpk`lo pfk mld/ D{p# kuko ae fkt blnnkop blobktok` h ztlpkbpk`r{dmkbp# pfktk whr ol kua`kobk pl krphdcarf blobktp/ PfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq à` olp àrb{rr fkt Ehbkdlli zlrp wapf hoqle fkt ekcclw knzclqkkr# ho` olok le fkt blwltiktrtkrzlo`k`/ Nltklukt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr olp rkkiaog plao`{bk lt ztkzhtk elt gtl{z hbpalo# ho` fkt hbpauapq whrolp ho l{pgtlwpf le pfk knzclqkkr‑ blcckbpauk blobktor# d{pwhr nktkcq h zktrlohc blnzchaop hdl{p rlnkpfaog pfhp fh`fhzzkok` lo fkt rfaep/

Pt{bi @taukt Whr Olp Koghgk` Ao Blobktpk` Hbpauapq ho` Whr

Olp Blorpt{bpaukcq @arbfhtgk`

Ao pfar bhrk# wk el{o` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑rEhbkdlli zlrpaogr à` olp blorpap{pk blobktpk` hbpauapq ho`pfhp pfk Knzclqkt à` olp {ochwe{ccq koghgk ao r{tukacchobkdq uakwaog pfk zlrpaogr lt {ochwe{ccq pftkhpko fan wapfhùktrk hbpalo# tknluk fan etln ckh`kt lzkthplt rphp{r# ltblorpt{bpaukcq àrbfhtgk fan/

Lo @kbkndkt 28# 4:8:# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq..h pt{bi`taukt..pthukck` etln Ihorhr pl Wqlnaog pl nhik h `kcauktq/Wfko fk tkhbfk` Wqlnaog# fk ckhtok` pfhp pfk tlh`r wktkbclrk` `{k pl rolw/ Fk bhcck` pfk Knzclqkt‑r lo.bhccàrzhpbfkt rkukthc pankr pl tkzltp pfhp pfk tlh`r wktkbclrk`# d{p far bhccr wktk h{plnhpabhccq eltwht`k` pl pfkleeabk zflok ho` pfko {ohorwktk` dkbh{rk le pfk flca`hq/Fk kukop{hccq tkhbfk` holpfkt àrzhpbfkt ho` aoeltnk` fanpfhp pfk tlh`r wktk bclrk` ho` pfhp pfk lo.bhcc àrzhpbfktwhr {otkhbfhdck/

Wfack ao Wqlnaog# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq rzlik pl lpfkt`tauktr ho` àrb{rrk` pfhp pfk lo.bhcc àrzhpbfkt whr olphorwktaog pfk zflok/ Fk pfko nh`k rkukthc zlrpr lo farEhbkdlli zhgk aoàbhpaog pfhp pfk tlh` whr bclrk`# pfhp ollok whr pfktk wfko fk bhcck`# ho` pfhp ae fk lt hoqlok whr

chpk# ap wl{c` dk pfkat lwo eh{cp/ Fk rphpk` pfhp farblnzhoq whr t{ooaog lee hcc pfk gll` fht` wltiaog `tauktr/Ol lpfkt knzclqkkr mlaok` ao far Ehbkdlli blouktrhpalo/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq ar Ehbkdlli –etako`r„ wapf pfkKnzclqkt‑r Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt/ Lo Mho{htq 2# 4:88# pfkLzkthpalor Nhohgkt zlrpk` h btapabhc tkrzlork lo pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r Ehbkdlli zhgk pfhp ck` pl h Ehbkdlliàhclg{k dkpwkko pfkn/ @{taog pfhp blouktrhpalo# pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq kvztkrrk` blobkto elt wfhp fk fh` zlrpk` ho`



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ekhtk` pfhp fk bl{c` clrk far mld/ Pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgktrha` pfhp fk wl{cò‑p okk` pl wlttq hdl{p wfhp fk rha`hoqnltk# ho` dkra`kr rfk fh` fkht` pfhp holpfkt blnzhoq whrfataog/ Pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt koghgk` ao h ran{cphokl{rEhbkdlli blouktrhpalo wapf pfk Leeabk Nhohgkt# ao wfabf pfkLeeabk Nhohgkt rphpk` pfhp rfk flzk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq

wl{c` dk pfktk pfk okvp `hq rl pfhp rfk bl{c` dk pfk –pt{kdapbf„ pfhp rfk whr/

Lo Mho{htq 1# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq tkp{tok` pl pfkKnzclqkt‑r ehbacapq/ Pfk Knzclqkt‑r B{rplnkt RktuabkR{zktuarlt aoeltnk` fan pfhp fk whr dkaog rptazzk` le farrphp{r hr h ckh`kt lzkthplt dkbh{rk le far Ehbkdlliblnnkopr ho` {oztlekrralohcarn/ Hr h ckh`kt lzkthplt# fkghuk hrrarphobk pl okw `tauktr ho` whr zha` ho h`àpalohc$8:: zkt nlopf elt far bkcc zflok dacc/

Fk tkp{tok` pl pfk ehbacapq hghao lo Mho{htq 4; hoèl{o` pfhp ol lok pfktk wl{c` phci pl fan/ Fk plli pftkk

`hqr lee ho` pfko tkragok` lo Mho{htq 46/ Fk bchanr pfhpfk whr eltbk` pl tkrago dkbh{rk le pfk whq pfk leeabkzktrlookc hbpk` plwht`r fan/

Wk el{o` ol kua`kobk le blobktpk` hbpauapq {o`kt pfkNkqktr bhrkr# àrb{rrk` hdluk/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq à` olpàrb{rr far Ehbkdlli zlrpr wapf hoq le far ekcclwknzclqkkr# ho` olok le far blwltiktr tkrzlo`k` pl farblnzchaopr hdl{p wlti.tkchpk` nhppktr/ Hcpfl{gf fk fh`àrb{rrk` wapf lpfkt `tauktr pfk ehbp pfhp pfk lo.bhccàrzhpbfkt whr olp tkhbfhdck# pfktk ar aor{eeabakopkua`kobk pfhp far Ehbkdlli hbpauapq whr h blopao{hpalo lehoq blcckbpauk blobktor/ Nltklukt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqzchaocq whr olp rkkiaog pl ao`{bk lt ztkzhtk elt gtl{zhbpalo/ Aorpkh`# fk whr ranzcq kvztkrraog far lwoet{rpthpalo ho` dltk`ln wfack rptho`k` dq pfk wkhpfkt# dqgtazaog hdl{p far aohdacapq pl tkhbf pfk lo.bhccàrzhpbfkt/

Hbbltàogcq# wk el{o` pfhp hoq hcckgk` pftkhpr letkztarhcr blophaok` ao pfk Ehbkdlli blnnkopr dq pfkLzkthpalor Nhohgkt ho` pfk Leeabk Nhohgkt ho` pfk tknluhcle pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r ckh`kt lzkthplt rphp{r wktk olp{ochwe{c dkbh{rk pfkq wktk olp ao tkphcahpalo elt hoqztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq/

Ranachtcq# wk el{o` ol {ochwe{c r{tukacchobk leztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapq hr pfktk wktk ol {oalo ltztlpkbpk` blobktpk` hbpauapakr r{dmkbp pl r{tukacchobk/

Wk hcrl olpk` pfhp kuko wfktk knzclqkkr htk koghgaogao ztlpkbpk` hbpauapq# pfktk bho dk ol {ochwe{cr{tukacchobk ae pfk knzclqkt‑r hgkop whr aouapk` plldrktuk/ Pf{r# wfko pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fktk –etako`k`„ farr{zktuarlt lo Ehbkdlli# fk krrkopahccq aouapk` fkt pl uakw



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far Ehbkdlli zhgk/ E{tpfkt# pfktk whr ol kua`kobk pfhp pfkLzkthpalor Nhohgkt whr hbpaog hp pfk Knzclqkt‑r àtkbpalolt whr lo Ehbkdlli elt pfk rlck z{tzlrk le nloapltaogknzclqkk zlrpaogr/

Eaohccq# wk el{o` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq bl{c` olp

krphdcarf pfk okbkrrhtq kcknkopr le h blorpt{bpaukàrbfhtgk/ Fktk# pfk hcckgk` –rackop ptkhpnkop„ pfhp pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq kvzktakobk` hp pfk Knzclqkt‑r ehbacapq whrokapfkt àeeab{cp olt {ozckhrhop kol{gf pl eltbk htkragohpalo# zhtpab{chtcq raobk nlrp le far wlti fl{tr wktkrzkop lo pfk tlh`/ Ao hoq kukop# pfk hcckgk` d{t`koanzlrk` whr olp dkbh{rk le hoq ztlpkbpk` hbpauapq/

Knzclqkk‑r Ehbkdlli Btapabarn le R{zktuarlt Whr Ukopaog ho`Whr Olp Blobktpk`

Ranachtcq# ao pfar bhrk wk el{o` pfhp pfk Knzclqkt à`

olp ualchpk pfk Hbp wfko ap àrbfhtgk` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqelt zlrpaog lo far Ehbkdlli zhgk h btapabarn le farr{zktuarlt# wfabf pfk Knzclqkt tkght`k` hr aohzztlztahpkho` pftkhpkoaog/ Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whrolp koghgk` ao blobktpk` hbpauapq/

Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq wltik` ao pfk whtkfl{rk hp pfkKnzclqkt‑r wflckrhck àrptad{palo ehbacapq/ Lo Mho{htq 1#4:88# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq dkgho ekkcaog acc ho` hrik` farr{zktuarlt# pfk Lzkthpalor Nhohgkt# ae fk bl{c` gl flnkkhtcq/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr plc` pfhp fk bl{c` ckhuk d{ppfhp ap wl{c` blrp fan ho hppko`hobk zlaop/ Raobk fkhctkh`q fh` pftkk hppko`hobk zlaopr# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqrha` pfhp fk wl{c` ptq pl pl{gf ap l{p ho` flzk` pfhp fkà` olp zhrr l{p/ Pko nao{pkr chpkt# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqwhr plc` dq far r{zktuarlt pfhp ae fk whr olp ekkcaog wkcc#pfhp whr wfhp pfk hppko`hobk zlaopr wktk elt/ Pfk BfhtgaogZhtpq à` olp whop pl tari holpfkt hppko`hobk zlaop rl fkblnzckpk` far rfaep/

Hepkt wlti# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq `tluk pl h zhtiaog clphbtlrr pfk rptkkp ho` hbbkrrk` far Ehbkdlli hbbl{op etlnfar zflok/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq# {raog kvzckpaukr# zlrpk`blnnkopr pl far Ehbkdlli hbbl{op aoàbhpaog pfhp ap whr plldh` wfko ql{t dlrr `lkro‑p bhtk hdl{p ql{t fkhcpf/ H

–etako`#„ wfl ar olp h blwltikt# tkrzlo`k`# ho` hrik` pfkBfhtgaog Zhtpq ae fk whr wlttak`/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqtkzcak` pfhp fk whr olp tkhccq wlttak`# pfhp fk whr m{rp–zarrk`„ dkbh{rk fk fh` dkko pfktk hcnlrp eauk qkhtr d{pwhr ptkhpk` hr ae fk fh` m{rp rphtpk`# ho` pfhp fk pfl{gfppfkq wktk m{rp ptqaog pl gauk fan h tkhrlo pl dk eatk`dkbh{rk fk whr hdl{p –h fhat hwhq etln rkppaog ap lee/„

Rav le pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r blwltiktr htk far Ehbkdlli–etako`r/„ Olok le pfkn tkrzlo`k` pl pfkrk zlrpr/



Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq bhcck` ao rabi lo Mho{htq 8: ho`88/ Lo Mho{htq 84# pfk FT Nhohgkt plc` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqpfhp pfk Knzclqkt whr hwhtk le far aohzztlztahpk Ehbkdlliblnnkopr# ho` rflwk` fan ztaopl{pr etln far Ehbkdlli zhgk#aobc{àog pfk hdluk zlrpr ho` far ztleack zhgk# wfabf

rflwk` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr ho knzclqkk le pfkKnzclqkt/ Pfk FT Nhohgkt plc` pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq pfhp rfkaopktztkpk` –rkppaog ap lee„ hr dtaogaog h g{o pl pfkwhtkfl{rk ho` rfllpaog kuktqlok ao ap/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpqkvzchaok` pfhp fk whr –m{rp ukopaog#„ pfhp –rkppaog ap lee„nkhop b{rraog rlnklok l{p lt whciaog l{p lo pfk mld# ho`pfhp fk wl{c` okukt f{tp hoqlok/ Pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whrr{rzko`k` wapfl{p zhq zkoàog ho aoukrpaghpalo/

Lo Mho{htq 80# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq whr àrbfhtgk` eltualchpaog blnzhoq zlcabq/ Pfk pktnaohpalo ckppkt rphpk`pfhp far Ehbkdlli blnnkopr wktk aohzztlztahpk# pftkhpkoaog#ho` ualckop/

Wk blobc{`k` pfhp pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq à` olp koghgk aohoq blobktpk` hbpauapq {o`kt pfk Nkqktr bhrkr àrb{rrk`hdluk/ Hcpfl{gf pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq‑r zlrpaogr h``tkrrk`far pktnr ho` bloàpalor le knzclqnkop# fk à` olp rkki plaoapahpk lt ao`{bk blwltiktr pl koghgk ao gtl{z hbpalo# hoòlok le far blwltiktr tkrzlo`k` pl pfk zlrpaogr wapfranacht blobktor/ Olt wktk far zlrpaogr ho l{pgtlwpf leztalt knzclqkk nkkpaogr lt hppknzpr pl aoapahpk gtl{zhbpalo wapf tkght` pl pfk Knzclqkt‑r rabi ckhuk lthdrkopkkarn zlcabq/ Ao`kk`# pfk Bfhtgaog Zhtpq fanrkcebfhthbpkta}k` far blo`{bp hr –m{rp ukopaog/„

Documents

OM 12_31 Report of the Acting General Counsel Concerning Social Media Cases