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Olmec and Chavin
Olmec
• Meso-America• Geographic and
climatic diversity• Economy:early
advances in agriculture; corn, beans, squash
• Urban civilization
• Religious and political elites organized labor for irrigation systems and drainage canals
• Artificial platforms for religious purposes and elite residences
• Little info about political systems
Olmec
• Polytheistic religion• Deities blended
male/female, animal/human characteristics
• Shamans organized religious life, developed writing system and produced a calendar
Chavin
• Andean region; mountainous core area, dry costal plain, interior jungles
• Geography contributed to specialized regional production and interregional trade
• Chavin at de Huantar located at the intersection of trade routes
• Dominated thru military force or cultural influence
Chavin
• Fish and mollusks supported the emergence of costal cities
• Maize enabled agricultural surplus
• Reciprocal labor obligations of a clan based society
• Llamas facilitated trade
• Multilevel packed earth platforms topped by small buildings
• Gold and alloy metallurgy, textiles, pottery
• Decline caused by increased regional warfare and disruption of trade