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“Advances in Photonic Switching & GMPLS”Cisco Optical Technical Workshop19th APAN Meeting, Bangkok, Thailand
Olivier Jerphagnon, Calient NetworksE-mail: [email protected]
2Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Outline
Application Examples
Photonic Switching
Migration to IP/Optical
Q&A
GMPLS Networking
3Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
• Founded in March 1999. Two key technologies:3D-MEMS based Photonic Switching
Standard based GMPLS Control PlaneSan Jose, CASoftware & Systems
Santa Barbara, CAOptical Design & Manufacturing
Ithaca, NYMEMS Design & Fabrication
Introduction to Calient
XX
PXC 128/256Carrier-class GMPLS Switching System
PX32 - PX288Optical Fiber Switch
GMPLS ControllerAdding intelligence to non-
GMPLS native devices
DiamondWave® Product FamilyDiamondWave® Product Family
AFM 72-640Automated FiberManagement
XX
PXC 128/256Carrier-class GMPLS Switching System
PX32 - PX288Optical Fiber Switch
GMPLS ControllerAdding intelligence to non-
GMPLS native devices
DiamondWave® Product FamilyDiamondWave® Product Family
AFM 72-640Automated FiberManagement
4Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Future of NREN: Migration from pure IP to hybrid IP/Optical
444© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Further reading: Lightwave Magazine (Nov. 2004 issue) on “Photonic Switches in worldwide NRENs”.
5Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Drivers to Migrate from IP to IP/Optical
• ApplicationsDynamic and higher capacity bandwidth services for e-science
• PerformanceLow Latency to allow distributed computingHigh Throughput to maximize bandwidth
• Capacity & ScalabilityScaling from 1 Gbit/s to 1 Tbit/s connections
• It’s also about economics (“paradigm shift”)
Cost of optical transport decreasing faster than cost of routingLeverage access to dark fiber vs. leased circuit
NRN/RE Migration
X.25 ATM POS Optical
1980s 1990s 2000s
Learning, Collaboration, Connectivity
Advanced Services
2Mbps 34Mbps 155Mbps 622Mbps 2.5Gbps 10Gbps nx10Gbps nx40Gbps
Market Transition
?
GRID Applications
6Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Example of Drivers
• Need for higher capacity services for particle physics (ex: CERN LHC)
• Continuing the Trend: ~1000 times BW Growth per decade
• Capacity increase drives the need to learn how to use Multi-Gbpsconnections dynamically, and new technologies that are cheaper and more scalable
• High-end applications (visualization, VLBI, etc) demand specific low latency transport and guaranteed bandwidth
• Cost of photonic switches are 1/10 to 1/100 cheaper than SDH and IP router ports at 10G
Year Production Experimental Remarks 2001 0.155 0.622-2.5 SONET/SDH
2002 0.622 2.5 SONET/SDH DWDM; GigE Integ.
2003 2.5 10 DWDM; 1 + 10 GigE Integration
2005 10 2-4 X 10 λ Switch; λ Provisioning
2007 2-4 X 10 ~10 X 10; 40 Gbps
1st Gen. λ Grids
2009 ~10 X 10 or 1-2 X 40
~5 X 40 or ~20-50 X 10
40 Gbps λ Switching
2011 ~5 X 40 or ~20 X 10
~25 X 40 or ~100 X 10
2nd Gen λ Grids Terabit Networks
2013 ~Terabit ~MultiTbps ~Fill One Fiber
Source: Larry Smarr (UCSD), “Major Links: Bandwidth Roadmap in Gbps”
7Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Hybrid IP/Optical Node Architecture
Photonic switch
DWDM / ROADM
LeasedCircuits
STM-16/6410GE WAN
Lambda
Transport Options
GMPLS Multi-layer Control Plane
Layer-2 Services
Production and Experimental Layer 1/2/3 services
CWDM
Layer-3 Services
Layer-1 Services
10 GE LANGE
10/100 FEGE
Dark Fiber
• Photonic Switches & GMPLS are key elements to address new goals,and implement a multi-tiered and scalable IP/Optical network
8Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Key Applications
• Core NetworksIP core optimization: providing more bandwidth and service capabilities at lower cost
End-to-end services (bandwidth-on-demand) across multiple types of equipment and network domains
Distributed supercomputing (GRID)
• Optical Exchange PointsBandwidth and Service manager
Internet Exchange Providers
9Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Photonic Switching
999© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
10Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
ASIC Voltage drivers
MEMS mirror array
Collimator array
3D-MEMS Photonic Switching
• 3D MEMS designBulk MEMS
Single crystal hinges
Non-contacting motion
Electrostatic actuation (low power)
Hermetically sealed
Comb-drive (high angles)
Array integration and short path-length allow low cost
Truly transparent (2.5G, 10G, 40G and beyond)
Scalable to large switching capacity (> 10 Tb/s)
11Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Switch Performance
• Low insertion loss (1.5 dB typ.)
• Wide input power range
• Fast switching time (20 ms typ.)
• Truly transparent:Wavelength transparent (1260-1625nm)
Bit-rate, format and protocol independent
• Behaves like Single-Mode-Fiber with extra loss:
Low PDL (<0.2 dB)
Low Crosstalk (<-60 dB)
No non-linearity, no dispersion
0
2400
4800
7200
9600
12000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Insertion Loss (dB)
Num
ber o
f Con
nect
ions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%100%
Cum
ulat
ive
Perc
enta
ge
320x320 connections below 3.5 dB
Transparent from 1260 to 1625nmTypical Wavelength Dependent Loss
Note: the higher loss peak around 1400 nm is due to OH water absortion and can vary.
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
5
1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650
Wavelength (nm)
Inse
rtio
n Lo
ss (d
B)
PX
O E S C L
Transparent from 1260-1625 nm
12Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Switch Reliability
• Mature core switching technology
Field proven, shipping for revenue for > 2 years
NEBS compliant, including Zone-4 Earthquake
High switch availability
• Solid MEMS technology
Billions of MEMS mirror cycles without a single failure
Accelerated aging tests shows low FIT < 35
ISO 2001 MEMS foundry
• Thorough environmental tests performed including temperature/humidity, vibration, shock, etc
• Redundant Power-Supply A&B feeds
13Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Vibration & shock isolation
• Thorough shock testing to comply with C.O. deployment. Tests include impact testing and office vibration
• Highly resistant MEMS survive acceleration up to 500 G’s (only 30 G’s are required to survive Earthquakes)
14Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Price/Port
Features & FunctionalityLow
Remote Test Monitoring
Automated FiberManagement
Optical ExchangePoints
GMPLS-basedIP/Optical Networks
High
Low
High
Lab Automation
Photonic Switching Applications
15Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
GMPLS Networking
151515© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
16Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
GMPLS
•• MPLSMPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching) is the set of extensions to OSPF, IS-IS, and RSVP, CR-LDP to support the the routing of paths (aka traffic engineering)
Intrinsic is the notion of separating the forwarding (data) plane from the control (signaling) plane
Fundamental difference with IP and ATMBut uses same protocols developed by IETF
Data is transported across the network inside a path
•• GMPLSGMPLS is the generalization of MPLS and the realization of the MPλS concept, created by extended MPLS to support nonnon--packet packet paths (λ’s, time-slots, fibers)
17Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
The GMPLS Framework
• Segregation of data and control plane • Think of it as the “SS7” of data and transport networks• Standard control plane across network elements
DiscoveryConnection signalingInventory informationManagement information
SONET
Router
ATM DWDM DWDM
OEO
SONET
Router
ATM
OEO
Control Plane
Data Plane
GMPLS Signaling
18Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
GMPLS Network Hierarchy
• GMPLS Network and Label HierachyPackets (statistical multiplexing)
SONET
Lambda
Fibers
R0 S2 O3R1 S8 R9 R10O7
R
S
O
P4 P5 P6
P
Fiber LSP4
λ LSP3
Time slot (TDM) LSP2
Packet LSP1
PSC
TDM
λSC
FSC
LSP4LSP3LSP2LSP1
Photonic Switch
OpticalOEO switch
SONET switch/mux
Router actingAs an IP LSR
Fiber
OC-192
OC-12c
500 Mbps froma GBE
Legend:
R0 S2 O3R1 S8 R9 R10O7
R
S
O
P4 P5 P6
P
Fiber LSP4
λ LSP3
Time slot (TDM) LSP2
Packet LSP1
PSC
TDM
λSC
FSC
LSP4LSP3LSP2LSP1
Photonic Switch
OpticalOEO switch
SONET switch/mux
Router actingAs an IP LSR
Fiber
OC-192
OC-12c
500 Mbps froma GBE
Legend:
19Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
GMPLS Protocols
• GMPLS protocolsLink Management Protocol (LMP)
Extension to WDM: LMP-WDM
Routing (OSPF-TE)
Signaling (RSVP-TE)
• See it as set of tools to implement various network use cases (dynamic bandwidth provisioning, optical restoration, etc) and deployment interfaces (overlay or peer)
20Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
Photonic Transport Layer(Transparent)
Transport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
ILSI
Photonic Transport LayerTransport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
ILSI[E-NNI]
ILSI[E-NNI]
ILSI[E-NNI]
[E-NNI]
Photonic Transport LayerTransport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
I-NNIR1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
Photonic Transport Layer(Transparent)
Transport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
Photonic Transport Layer(Transparent)
Transport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
STSI[NNI]
ILSI
Photonic Transport LayerTransport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
R1
R2
R3
S1
O1
R0
P2
P4
P3P1 O2P5
UNI
UNI UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
ILSI[E-NNI]
ILSI[E-NNI]
ILSI[E-NNI]
[E-NNI]
Photonic Transport LayerTransport Service Layer Transport Service Layer
PTN
OTN
I-NNI
Network Deployment Interfaces
• Examples of network interface implementation :I-NNI: OSPF-TE single area, RSVP-TE, LMP, LMP-WDME-NNI: OSPF-TE multi-area, BGP-MP, RSVP-TE, LMP, LMP-WDMUNI: RSVP-TE and LMP
21Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Examples of Applications
212121© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
22Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Lower cost network infrastructure: S-SINET
Source: Pr. S. ASANO, NORDUnet 2003
14
TokyoPXC
NagoyaPXC
IP Backbone(Quality Control, Policy Control)
IP Backbone(Quality Control, Policy Control)
OsakaPXC
Telescope for VLBITelescope for VLBI
Super ComputersSuper Computers
UsersUsers
•Realization of DataGRID•Data Sharing with low Latency
Equipmentson Liner Accelerator
Equipmentson Liner Accelerator
Fusion Research EquipmentFusion Research Equipment Network StorageNetwork Storage
Example of GMPLS Control applied to DataGRID on SuperSINET
6
SuperSINET Backbone Logical TopologySuperSINET Backbone Logical Topology
P
P P
P TokyoExchange
OsakaExchange
NagoyaExchange
HokkaidoUniv.
TohokuUniv. KEK
TsukubaUniv.
Institute ofMaterialReserch (Tokyo Univ.)
WasedaUniv.
TokyoInstitute ofTechnology
NII Chiba
NII Hitotsubashi
NAOTokyoUniv.ISAS
NIG
OkazakiNationalResearchInstitutes
NagoyaUniv.
NIFS
DoshishaUniv.
KyotoUniv.
(Yoshida)
KyotoUniv.(Uji)
OsakaUniv.
KyushuUniv.
Institute ofMedicalScience(Tokyo Univ.)
PE
PE
PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE PE
PE PE PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE
PE PE PE
PE
PE
BackboneOC192
Customer AccessOC48,GbE
Cisco12400
Customer Router
• “Economical Solution for High-performance: Dark Fiber (6,000Km+) with 300G+ bandwidth including Transport Equipments (DWDM, CWDM, 3R Repeaters, Amps) and PXCs for 3 years contract will realize 90% cost reduction compared to equal bandwidth of SDHs
23Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
End-to-end Bandwidth-on-Demand services: JGN-2
L2SW
Fukuoka
Osaka
STM-64
GbELX
Kanazawa
Otemachi
P XC
GbE
MU
X
WD
M10G
NECMG4040
GbELX
GbE MUX
WD
M
GbE
MU
X
GbE
MU
X
GbE
MU
X
P XC
L2SW
L2SW
STM-64
STM -64
STM-64
STM-64
STM-64
STM-64
GbE S XGbE LXSTM -6410GE(W): 10GbE WAN-P HY(LW )10GE(L): 10GbE LAN-PHY(LR)
GbELX GbE
LX
P XC
MC MC MC
E-NNI
WDM-LMP WDM-LMPL2SW
Fukuoka
Osaka
STM-64
GbELX
Kanazawa
Otemachi
P XC
GbE
MU
X
WD
M10G
NECMG4040
GbELX
GbE MUX
WD
M
GbE
MU
X
GbE
MU
X
GbE
MU
X
P XC
L2SW
L2SW
STM-64
STM -64
STM-64
STM-64
STM-64
STM-64
GbE S XGbE LXSTM -6410GE(W): 10GbE WAN-P HY(LW )10GE(L): 10GbE LAN-PHY(LR)
GbELX GbE
LX
P XC
MC MC MC
E-NNI
WDM-LMP WDM-LMP
• GMPLS signaling provides bandwidth-on-demand between edge L2/L3 devices across multi-domains (KDDI and NTT)
• GMPLS allows tiered protection/restoration services and production-grade monitoring (BER monitoring, etc) with LMP-WDM
Source: Tomo Okani, KDDI
More on JGN-2 at Lambda Networking BoF, Wedn.
24Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Distributed Supercomputing: Caltech
• Photonic Switches and GMPLS are ideal to support clusters of supercomputer clusters.
• Connection between supercomputers can be established locally (campus) or remotely (nationwide backbone) via exchange points
To WAN
GBE SXGBE LX10 GbE LAN or WAN PHYOC-48 or OC192
DWDM
MSPP
25Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Optical Exchange Points: UltraLight
• Ex. of one Optical Exchange part of UltraLight project
• L1/L2/L3 services managed by OOO switches integrated with GRID middleware (AAA, MonALISA, etc)
26Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Internet Exchange Providers (IXP)
• Main drive is to improve resiliency and support higher capacity• Migration from ring to double-tree IX architecture with dual Photonic
Switch configuration• Photonic Switches address spanning tree issue and higher scalability• Migration can from old to new architecture can be done quickly once
switches are in place; reverting to previous configuration is possible
10GbEISP AISP B
ISP CISP D
ISP EISP F
GbE
ISP A ISP B ISP C ISP D ISP E ISP F
ISP HISP G
Ethernet Switch
10GbE Switch
27Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Q&A
272727© 2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
28Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Control Plane Standard Activities
• Question:What are the roles of ITU, OIF, IETF and GGF? Isn’t there some overlap (ex: E-NNI)?
• Answer:IETF: Develops GMPLS protocols + layer-3 perspectiveITU: Provides architecture requirements (ASON) and layer-1 operation perspectiveOIF: Develops implementation and addresses interoperability considerations for carriersGGF: develops Grid technology via “best practices”, technical specs, user experiences, and implementation guidelines.
They all play their role for the deployment of next-generation networks and provide the infrastructure for new GRID services
They have liaisons to coordinate efforts. Early commercial deployments (ex: KDDI) to set de-facto standards
29Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Optical and Photonic Cross-Connects ?
• Question:What is the difference between an Optical-Cross-Connect (OXC) and a Photonic Cross-Connect (PXC)? Are they competitive?
• Answer:Optical XC is somewhat a misnomer as core switch fabric is electrical (O-E-O). Hence term Photonic XC to differentiate all-optical switch (O-O-O ).
They are complementary as they have different strengths:
OXC/MSPP: Grooming capability. Ideal for legacy SONET/SDH and sub-wavelength (OC-12, GbE, etc) traffic aggregation
PXC: Lower cost and high scalability (ex: up to 320 10G ports). Support true IP/Optics with 10GbE LAN-PHY switched over DWDM wavelength at 10th cost of switched SDH managed service. Future proof (40G ready, etc)
30Cisco Systems and Calient Networks Confidential. Covered under Joint Marketing Agreement
Photonic Switches and ROADM
• Question:Both Photonic Switches and ROADM provide some level of optical swicthing. Are they competitive?
• Answer:No. In the contrary they are complementaryROADMs: Integrated DWDM and cost optimized for rings, Limited switching capability (< 32x32)Photonic Switches: Larger switching capability (>32x32); Complementary functionalities including ring interconnect, mesh optical networking, optical multicasting, etc
11
11
ROADM
11 11
1111
11
11
11Interconnect ring site
To National backbone
Metro Ring 1
Metro Ring 2
Ex: US Regional Optical Networks