old.cbs.gov.il€¦ · Web viewfrom March through June in order to examine the state of employment due to the spread of Coronavirus and the accompanying restrictions. …

State of Israel

Media [email protected] | www.cbs.gov.il | Fax: +972-2-652-1340

JerusalemJuly 12, 2020

200/2020

Social and Economic Consequences of the Coronavirus Pandemic - Summary

This media release presents data that summarize the social and economic consequences

of the Coronavirus outbreak in Israel in various areas of life in recent months, with

emphasis on March through May 2020 (the period of the closure and the period after it

was lifted).

The findings are based on a variety of ongoing statistical work that the Central Bureau of

Statistics has been conducting on a monthly basis, as well as on special data-collection

work following the Coronavirus outbreak, which included flash surveys on the state of

businesses and civil resilience during the crisis period.

The data listed below, which are published on an ongoing basis, are available in The

Monthly Bulletin of Statistics and Official Statistics During the Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Crisis on the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics.

Immigration to IsraelTourismCivil ResilienceDeathsRoad AccidentsLabour Force SurveyBusinessesEmployee Job VacanciesAssessment of Business TrendsChain Store Revenue (Sales)Credit Card Purchases by Private ConsumersConsumer ConfidenceConstruction, Housing, and Real EstateThe Consumer Price IndexNational AccountsImport and Export of Goods

For explanations, please contact the Statistical Information Center at +972-2-659-2666

https://www.cbs.gov.il/

mailto:[email protected]

https://www.cbs.gov.il/EN/Pages/COVID-19.aspx

https://www.cbs.gov.il/EN/Pages/COVID-19.aspx

https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Pages/Monthly-Bulletin-of-Statistics.aspx

https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/Pages/Monthly-Bulletin-of-Statistics.aspx

The Outbreak of the Coronavirus Pandemic in Israel: A Timeline1

The Coronavirus outbreak begins in the city of Wuhan, China

Dec

embe

r 20

19

January 30: Flights from China barred from entering Israel

Janu

ary

2020

February 26: Persons returning from Italy required to spend 14 days in quarantine, as are persons returning from China, Singapore, Macau, Thailand, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Japan

February 27: First case of a Coronavirus patient in Israel; more than 5,000 Israelis sent into quarantine

Febr

uary

20

20

March 4: Foreign citizens of various countries prohibited from entering IsraelHome quarantine period expanded to include all returning persons over the past two weeks from additional countries in Europe

March 10-11: PurimMarch 12: School system is shut down except for dormitories, kindergartens,

special education classes, and settings for youth at riskMarch 15: Decision expanded to shut down school system entirely

Prohibition against gatherings expanded to gatherings of more than 10 persons, and closing of all places of entertainment and leisure

March 19: Restriction imposed on leaving home except in situations where it is required (going to work, in accordance with the restrictions and regulations that were passed)

March 20: First death from Coronavirus in IsraelMarch 22: The number of employees in a workplace is restricted to ten, or 30%

of the workforce; exceptions are made allowing essential workplaces to remain in operation; public-sector employees are placed on paid leave

March 25: Prohibition against going more than 100 meters away from one’s place of residence, and then only briefly; reduction of public transportation to one-quarter of operation; passenger trains suspended and limits imposed on the number of passengers in taxis

Mar

ch 2

020

1 This timeline, which is based upon government and other sources of information, is not part of the official statistics of the Central Bureau of Statistics. This information is presented as a service only.

Social and Economic Consequences of the Coronavirus Pandemic: SummaryMay 26, 2020

2

The Coronavirus outbreak begins in the city of Wuhan, China

Dec

embe

r 20

19

April 7: General closure announced before eve of Passover from Tuesday evening to Saturday night

April 12: Requirement begins to wear a mask when leaving one’s place of residence to go out in public

April 14: Expanded closure for concluding Passover holiday and Maimouna celebration; travel between cities prohibited

April 19: Beginning of easing of restrictions on the public; opening of stores in many industries, subject to following Purple Seal requirements; reopening of workplaces with 30% of their workforce

April 26: A series of additional leniencies is announced: stores on streets and in open commercial centers may open, and restaurants may offer take-away service

April 27: Closure imposed from Independence Day eve to end of holidayApril 30: Abolition of restriction on engaging in athletic activity up to 500 meters

from home

Apr

il 20

20


3

Immigration to Israel

From January to May, 2020, 7,369 new immigrants arrived in Israel, as compared with

12,645 immigrants during those months in 2019 - a decrease of 41.7%.

Diagram 1 - Immigrants to Israel from Early 2019 to May 2020

* Preliminary data


4

Tourism

In March, 100,600 departures from Israel to destinations abroad were recorded. In April,

3,000 were recorded; 8,300 in May, and 16,100 departures to destinations abroad were

recorded in June. Between March and June 2020, a total of 128,000 departures to

destinations abroad were recorded, as compared with 2.8 million during the parallel period

in 2019.

The number of entries of visitors into Israel (tourists, day visitors, and cruise passengers)

in March was 87,200. In April, 600 were recorded, 2,300 in May, and 6,000 in June. From

May to June 2020, a total of approximately 96,000 entries of visitors was recorded, as

compared with 1.7 million during the same period in 2019.

Diagram 2 - Departures Abroad of Israelis,January-May 2020, as Compared with 2019


5

Diagram 3 - Visitor Arrivals, January-June 2020, as Compared with 2019

Person-nights in Tourist Hotels

January-March 2020 4.0 million person-nights as compared with 5.34 million during the first quarter of 2019

Room occupancy in hotels was 46%, as compared with 64% in the first quarter of 2019.

April 2020 No tourism activity was recorded in 92% of tourist hotels.

The overall average occupancy of all the tourist hotels was one percent, as compared

with 71% in April 2019.

May 2020 Tourism activity was recorded in 14% of the hotels (most of it for the Shavuot holiday,

which fell in late May), and their room occupancy was 12%.

The overall average occupancy of all the tourist hotels was 2.5%, as compared with

74% in May 2019.


6

Diagram 4 - Person-nights in Tourist Hotels, January-May 2020,as Compared with 2019

* Preliminary data


7

Civil Resilience

During the period of the closure, between April 26 and May 1, 2020, a flash survey was conducted in order to provide a situation assessment and vital information about the Israeli public’s civil resilience. The survey population was made up of persons aged 21 and over, except for the Bedouin diaspora in the south and residents of therapeutic institutions. The questions in the survey focused on a variety of topics: health, emotional state, food consumption, receiving assistance, economic situation and work, the extent of complying the instructions of the Ministry of Health and of the government, and the extent of confidence in the government and in the local authority of the residential locality in its handling of the Coronavirus crisis.

Diagram 5 - Civil Resilience During the Coronavirus Crisis (April 26-May 1, 2020) (Percentages)

* To an extent or to a large extent


8

** Worsened or worsened greatly


9

Another flash survey was conducted after the closure, from May 11 to 14, 2020.

Diagram 6 - Civil Resilience during the Coronavirus Crisis (May 11-14, 2020) (Percentages)

* To an extent or to a very large extent** Worsened or worsened greatly


10

Comparison between the Data of the Civil Resilience Survey During and After the Closure and the 2019 Social Survey

- During the Closure

After the Closure The 2019 Social Survey

Felt loneliness* 23.5% 18.4%19.6%felt loneliness often or occasionally

Felt depressed* 16.2% 16.2%24.2%felt depressed often or occasionally

Feared difficulty in meeting expenses* 50.3% 46.5%

29.9%were not too successful, or not at all successful, in meeting all monthly expenses of the household regarding food, electricity, telephone, etc

Expect that their economic situation will worsen over the next year

27.3% 18.3%

9.2%expect that their economic situation will worsen over the coming years

Received help in obtaining food, medications, etc 16.2% 17.4%

92.4%feel that they have someone to rely on in a crisis or in hardship

Persons aged 65 and over who received help in obtaining food, medications, etc

45.5% 42.4%

89.5%of persons aged 65 and over feel that they have someone to rely on in a crisis or in hardship

Have confidence in the government’s handling the Coronavirus crisis*

71.6% 68.9%41.2%have confidence in the government

Have confidence in the way that their residential community’s local authority is handling the Coronavirus crisis

79.1% 76.9%

58.2%have a positive assessment** of the functioning of the local authority of their locality of residence

* To an extent or to a large extent** Good or very good


11

Complying With the Instructions of the Government and the Ministry of HealthDuring the period of the closure, most of the population followed the instructions to a great

extent. During the period after the closure, there was a slight decline in compliance with

the instructions, though most of the population still followed them carefully to a large

extent.

- - During the closure After the closure

Personal hygiene, such as washing hands and using sanitizer

94.1% 90.3%

Wearing a mask 92.8% 86.9%

Physical-social distancing 87.8% 79.7%


12

Deaths

As of the end of May 2020, the number of deaths since the beginning of 2020 was similar

to that of previous years. From January to March 2020, mortality was lower than in

previous years, and was slightly higher in April and May, particularly among persons aged

70 and over. However, since the population increased and the number of deaths is similar,

the percentage of deaths is not higher.

Diagram 7 - Deaths of Residents of Israel,January through May, 2018-2020

Diagram 8 - Deaths of Residents of Israel Aged 70 and Over,January through May, 2018-2020


13

Road Accidents

March-May 2020A decline in the number of road accidents and casualties, at all levels of severity of

injuries, as compared with the parallel period in 2019.

The number of persons killed in road accident in May 2020 (27) was higher than in May

2019 (23).

Passover 2020A decline of approximately 75% in the number of persons injured as compared with

Passover 2019.

Diagram 9 - Road Accidents with Casualties,March-May 2020, as Compared with 2019


14

Diagram 10 - Casualties in Road Accidents,March-May 2020, as Compared with 2019

Diagram 11 - Casualties in Road Accidents During the Passover Holiday,2020, as Compared With 2019


15

The first registration of a vehicle is the month and year in which the vehicle was registered

for the first time in the Civilian Motor Vehicle Registry with its current license number.

Diagram 12 - First Registration of Road Motor Vehicles

* Data for 2020 are preliminary and are expected to change.


16

Data from the Labour Force Survey

The Labour Force Survey continues to be conducted during this time, just as during

ordinary times. The survey data make it possible to track the effects of the Coronavirus

crisis on the state of employment and the labour market in Israel. The survey was

conducted in accordance with international working methods.

The effects of Coronavirus on the labour market in Israel largely took the form of

temporary absence from work due to the closing of a portion of the workplaces and

inability to search for work in the new situation. At the end of March, the restrictions that

had been imposed caused many employees to be temporarily absent from work (including,

inter alia, unpaid leave and paid leave). This situation intensified in April due to a

tightening of the restrictions, as well as the Passover holiday. When the restrictions were

eased in May, the number of employees temporarily absent from work also decreased, but

the percentage of unemployed persons increased at the same time.

March 2020Persons aged 15 and over

6,585,000

In the labour force4,107,200

62.4%

Not in the labour force2,477,800

37.6%

Employed personsThe rate of employment

among all persons aged 15 and over: 60.5%

3,980,70096.9%

Unemployed persons

126,5003.1%

Worked as usual2,270,100

57.0%

Were temporarily absent from their jobs

(the whole week or part of the week)1,710,600

43.0%


17

May 2020Persons aged 15 and over

6,604,000

In the labour force4,051,200

61.3%

Not in the labour force2,553,400

38.7%

Employed personsThe rate of employment

among all persons aged 15 and over: 58.9%

3,889,80096.0%

Unemployed persons

161,4004.0%

Worked as usual2,426,100

62.4%

Were temporarily absent from their jobs

(the whole week or part of the week)1,463,700

37.6%

For reasons having to do with Coronavirus:

949,80024.4%

Thereof:


18

Business

The Central Bureau of Statistics conducted six flash surveys2 from March through June in

order to examine the state of employment due to the spread of Coronavirus and the

accompanying restrictions. The surveys were taken among businesses with five or more

employee jobs in a portion of the industries. The surveys’ data provide information about

the state of employment (such as dismissals and unpaid leave), work from home, the

extent of the effect of the various restrictions, the ability of businesses to continue

operating under the current conditions, the extent of damage to revenue, and an

examination (however partial) of the changes in the state of businesses during the period

when the restrictions were tightened due to the spread of the virus, the difficulty in

implementing the regulations for preventing infection, lines of credit, and changes in these

aspects over time.

2 The six surveys were conducted on the following dates: March 18-19 (first wave); March 30-31 (second wave); April 21-22 (third wave); May 5-7 (fourth wave); June 1-3 (fifth wave); and June 15-17 (sixth wave). They reflect the state of businesses on those dates.


19

Diagram 13 - The State of Employment in Waves 2-6 of the Survey of the State of Business During the Spread of Coronavirus


20

State of Employment in Waves 2-6 of the Survey of the State of Businesses during the Spread of the Coronavirus, by Industry

- -Wave 2March

31

Wave 3April 22

Wave 4May 7

Wave 5June 3

Wave 6June 17

Manufacturing Working at the company today 52% 49% 61% 79% 83%

(without high Working from home today 9% 8% 7% 2% 3%technological

intensity)Employees on unpaid leave 21% 25% 17% 8% 6%

- Working at the company today 49% 57% 63% 78% 86%

Construction Working from home today 5% 1% 2% 1% 2%

- Employees on unpaid leave 28% 24% 19% 12% 8%

Wholesale Working at the company today 39% 41% 54% 78% 81%

and Retail Working from home today 3% 3% 2% 2% 1%

Trade Employees on unpaid leave 43% 48% 33% 13% 8%

Professional, Scientific, and

Working at the company today 39% 41% 53% 78% 83%

Technical Activities;

Transportation

Working from home today22% 17% 18% 9% 5%

and Storage, Postal and

Courier Activities

Employees on unpaid leave 26% 32% 21% 9% 7%

- Working at the company today 31% 31% 40% 52% 52%

Hi-tech Working from home today 49% 50% 43% 34% 37%

- Employees on unpaid leave 11% 11% 7% 6% 4%

Financial and Working at the company today 24% 37% 54% 79% 81%

Insurance Working from home today 41% 32% 27% 9% 12%Industry Employees on unpaid

leave 14% 11% 5% 2% 1%

Food and Working at the company today - - - 36% 43%

Beverage Working from home today - - - 0% 0%Services* Employees on unpaid - - - 45% 26%


21

- -Wave 2March

31

Wave 3April 22

Wave 4May 7

Wave 5June 3

Wave 6June 17

leave

* The Food and Beverage Services industry was not included in the first waves of the

survey because most of the businesses in this industry were closed by order of the

Ministry of Health.

Food and Beverage Services Industry The percentage of employees on unpaid leave in the food and beverage services

industry decreased sharply from 44% in Wave 5 to 26% in Wave 6.

There was a sharp increase in the percentage of businesses that expect revenues

in the food and beverage service industry to take a severe hit in comparison with

the previous estimate: more than 50% of the businesses anticipate severe revenue

loss in June (Wave 6) as compared with 26% of the businesses that anticipated

such loss at the beginning of the month (Wave 5).

Damage to Monthly Revenue The percentage of businesses that anticipate severe revenue loss in June (revenue

loss of more than 50%) increased to 22.6%, as compared with 14.9% that reported

this at the beginning of June (Wave 5).


22

Job Vacancies

In May, there were approximately 42,700 vacancies, as compared with 29,400 in April.

Diagram 14 - Overall Job Vacancies

Number of (Known) Job Vacancies Most in Demand: Monthly Average, March-May 2020

OccupationAverage

Number of Employee Job

Vacancies

Change in Percentages Compared with February-

April 2020 Estimate

Cooks 310 -67%

Waiters and bartenders 915 -64%

Security guards 921 -45%

Kitchen and cleaning workers in institutions and households 1,512 -40%

Practical engineers and technicians 1,322 -34%

Builders of homes, construction workers, and layers of concrete 656 -31%

Sales workers (including sales agents, sales representatives, sales assistants in shops, and sellers at stalls and in markets)

2,401 -30%

Engineers (computer, electrical, industrial 4,658 -29%


23

OccupationAverage

Number of Employee Job

Vacancies

Change in Percentages Compared with February-

April 2020 Estimate

and machine management engineers, etc.)

Drivers (of trucks and buses) 1,326 -20%

Business Tendency

Managers’ reporting about their companies’ overall situation improved in June (current) as

compared with May.

Diagram 15 - Assessment of the Economic Situation as of Today in All Industries (Net Balance of Responses)

June 2020 (Current)

ManufacturingRegarding the survey question about the companies’ economic situation in June (current),

considering that the economy was in the process of returning to routine throughout most of

June, the net balance continues to rise, standing at 7.6 compared with 3.6 in May.


24

ConstructionIn the Construction industry, the trend of improvement in the companies’ situation that

began in May continued in June, and the balance in the companies’ current situation went

from negative to positive: from -1.7 in May to 7.5 in June.

TradeThe net balance of the companies’ situation in the Wholesale Trade industry continued the

increase that began in April, though to a more moderate extent. The balance in June went

from negative to positive: from -5.4 in May to 2.6 in June, after a decrease from 5.3 in

March to -20.1 in April.

AccommodationIn the Accommodation industry, the balance of the companies’ current situation continues

to be negative and very low. Still, the balance in June (-66.5) was an improvement over

the balance in May (-78.1).

Chain Store Revenue (Sales)

Seasonally adjusted data (in fixed prices):

In May 2020, as compared with April 2020: A decrease of 0.4% in chain store

revenues

In May 2020, as compared with May 2019: An increase of 8.8% in chain store

revenues


25

Diagram 16 - Revenue Indicators of Chain Stores and Supermarkets in Fixed Prices(Seasonally Adjusted Data)

Credit Card Purchases by Private Consumers

Seasonally Adjusted Data (in fixed prices)

May 2020 as Compared With April 2020 An increase of 32.3% in overall credit card purchases

An increase of 23.3% in the purchase of other products and services3

An increase of 6.2% in the purchase of food and beverages4

An increase of 114.2% in the purchase of manufacturing products5

May 2020 as Compared With May 2019 An increase of 5.9% in overall credit card purchases

An increase of 14.3% in purchases of other products and services

An increase of 6.2% in the purchase of food and beverages

3 Other products and services include fuel, electricity, and gas, computers and software, transportation and communication equipment and services, books, advertising, medical services, and miscellaneous medications.

4 Food and beverages include food services.5 Manufacturing products include clothing and footwear, electrical and electronic products,

including in department stores, and furniture.


26

An increase of 19.4% in the purchase of manufacturing products

Diagram 17 - Indicators of Credit Card Purchases in Fixed Prices(seasonally adjusted data)

Consumer Confidence

The Consumer Confidence survey, which is conducted among persons aged 21 and over,

has several goals: to collect information about individuals’ assessments of the anticipated

changes in the economic situation, assessments on which the Consumer Confidence

Indicator is based; to collect data about the assessment of the expected changes in the

Consumer Price Indicator; to help identify turning points in the economy’s condition in

order to keep track of the business cycle; to collect data about preparations for large

purchases and for the expected changes in the population’s level of savings.

The Consumer Confidence Indicator falls within a range from minus 100 to plus 100. The

closer the indicator is to the upper limit, the more it testifies to greater optimism among

individuals. The closer it is to the lower limit, the more it testifies to greater pessimism. An

indicator that is close to zero shows a lack of expectation that the current situation will

change.

The balance of responses to questions is the weighted difference between the percentage

of the positive answers that predict that things will get better and the negative responses

that predict that things will get worse.


27

In June 2020, the new Consumer Confidence Indicator fell to -23% after having climbed to

-14% in May (from -22% in March and -31% in April).

Two of the four balances that comprise the indicator worsened:

The balance relating to the expected changes in the general economic situation in Israel over the coming year fell to -34% after having risen to -13% in May (from

-45% in March and -54% in April);

The balance relating to the expected change in the households' financial situation over the coming year was -6% in June. It should be noted that in May, it

increased to a positive value of 5% - an indication of cautious optimism (after

having fallen to negative values in March [-15%] and April [-19%]).

Diagram 18 - The New Consumer Confidence Indicator and the Balances That Comprise It, January 2019-June 2020


28

The number of new dwellings in demand

The number of new dwellings in demand from February through April 2020:8,320 dwellings overall

as compared with the previous three months (November 2019-January 2020)Original data: a decrease of 43.1%

Construction, Housing, and Real Estate

The data of the Central Bureau of Statistics indicate a decrease in sales of new dwellings. The decrease, which began in March 2020, peaked in April 2020.

There was a decrease of 55% to 65% in the number of new dwellings that were

sold in April as compared with the average before the Coronavirus crisis (January

2019-February 2020). In our estimation, between 990 and 1,280 dwellings were

sold.

Data from the Tax Authority show that approximately 540 real-estate transactions

involving the sale of new dwellings were reported in April 2020 - about 80% lower

than the average number of transactions before the Coronavirus crisis (January

2019-February 2020).

New dwellings sold: 63.4% New dwellings not for sale: 36.6%

Total: 5,280 dwellings Total: 3,040 dwellings

Decrease of 48.4% (original data)

as compared with the previous three months (November 2019-January 2020)

Decrease of 30.9% (original data)

as compared with the previous three months (November 2019-January 2020)


29

Diagram 19 - Number of Weekly TransactionsNew and Second-hand Dwellings

The diagram shows the number of transactions that were conducted during the first half of

2020 as compared with the first half of 2019, in a breakdown of new and second-hand

apartments. Because a fairly large portion of the transactions that were performed in the

final weeks have not yet been reported to the Tax Authority, the diagram shows a forecast

of the expected number of transactions (in orange), based on the pace of transactions that

were reported during the parallel period of 2019. A look at the data shows that during the

Coronavirus crisis, there was a significant decrease in the number of transactions that

were performed. However, the number of transactions returned to normal levels in May

and June 2020.


30

The Consumer Price Index

The Consumer Price Index decreased by 0.2% from March through May 2020. It dropped

by 0.7% since the beginning of the year, and by 1.6% over the past twelve months (from

May 2019 to May 2020).

Adaptations in calculating the Consumer Price Index were made in March and April in

accordance with the international recommendations and the circumstances specific to the

State of Israel in order to provide a high-quality and appropriate solution for calculating the

Index. These adaptations included increasing the effort to gather online prices in the

relevant fields of consumption, a special examination of the rent index, and other

adaptations for areas in which there was no consumption (such as trips abroad,

expenditures for stays abroad, and parties and events).

In March 2020 the Consumer Price Index rose by 0.4% Changes in selected fields

Fresh vegetables-1.9%

Fresh fruit+1.8%

Poultry+5.4%

Clothing and footwear+3.2%

Vehicle fuel and oils-1.1%

Housing+0.9%

In April 2020 the Consumer Price Index decreased by 0.3%.

Changes in selected fields

Food(excl. vegetables and fruit)

+0.7%


Clothing+3.1%

Fresh fruit+7.2%

Rent-0.4%

Fresh vegetables+4.4%

In May 2020 the Consumer Price Index decreased by 0.3%.

Changes in selected fields

Glasses and optical products-4.6%

Fresh vegetables-1.5%

Food(excl. vegetables and fruit)

-0.9%

Fresh fruit+5.2%


Clothing and footwear+0.3%


31

National Accounts: Estimate for the First Quarter of 2020

In the first quarter of 2020, the GDP decreased by 6.8% in annual rate, as compared with

the fourth quarter of 2019 (seasonally adjusted data).

The primary causes of the slowdown of activity in the economy were:

The taking of measures by the government to slow the spread of Coronavirus

The sharp decrease in the import of passenger cars (the taxes on imports are part

of the GDP)

The change in the various components:

A decrease of 4.2% in the GDP, excluding net taxes on imports

A decrease of 4.3% in the business GDP in basic prices, excluding net taxes on

products (a decrease of 8.5% in market prices)

A decrease of 20.2% in private consumption expenditure (except for consumption

expenditure of durable goods, which decreased by 14.6%)

A decrease of 20.7% in fixed capital formation

An increase of 2.9% in exports of goods and services, excluding diamonds and

startups

A decrease of 10.8% in general government final consumption expenditure

A decrease of 23.4% in imports of goods and services


32

Diagram 20 - The Seasonally Adjusted GDP: A Quantitative Change as Compared With the Previous Quarter in Annual Rate

Diagram 21 - The Business GDP of the First Quarter of 2020 at Basic Prices: Quantitative Change in Annual Rate, Seasonally Adjusted


33

Import and Export of Goods

A decrease in imports, exports, and the trade deficit (in NIS millions in current prices):

- Trade Deficit Export Import

January-May 2019 31,725.9 83,097.4 114,823.3

January-May 2020 27,407.8 69,557.3 96,965.1

Percentage of change -13.6 -16.3 -15.6

Diagram 22 - Net Foreign Trade Balance (Goods)Original data in current prices


34

Documents

old.cbs.gov.il€¦ · Web viewfrom March through June in order to examine the state of employment due to the spread of Coronavirus and the accompanying restrictions. …