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The entire Contents of this magazine are protected by copyright, and must not be reprinted without proper credit beinggiven the OREGON NATIVE SON

IC will co

Contents for June, 1399.

PAGE

The White Dove, . . Ella Higginson, . 61An Interview With a Survivor of the Whitman Massacre, 63Our Emblem Flower, Etia M. White, . 65Mountain Lore, .

. 67The Stolen Loaf, . . Thomas H. Ropers,Beautiful Willaniette, . Sam L. Simpson, . 79Homer C. Davenpoit, 7'. W. Davenport, . 80A Pocket Full of Rocks, . . .

. 90An Interesting Letter on the Yakinia War, Liesttestaitt 'I'. J. Small, . 91Oregon Past, Present and Future, .

. 94The Regalia of the Native Sons, . .

. 95Oregon Historical Society, .

. 96The Boom and the Boomerang, . W. U.S tee!, 97An Effective Immigration Association, Ettgene D. White,. . . 102Curio Flotsam, .

. 103Native Daughters, . Mrs. E!izclbef P Won therred, . . 104Purple and Gold, . , .

. 105Nesika Wawa, .

. 107Biographical, .

. 109Bible Statistics, .

. 118

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o great favor upon the publichers if they will k,n,tlr ;sue,Ition the Oregon Native Sonwhen cleating with Our at vertu sore.

Latest Styles.

Co=Operation and Combination by the People.Merchants, Manulacturers, Rankers, Brokers, Capitalists, and Railway Magnates, have combined

in various ways for their mutual benefit and proteebon, and why shouldn't Farmers Profit by theirexamples. 40,000 farmers, mechanics, dairymen, stock raisers, etc. have already formed A BIG COM-BINATION, with headquarters in Portland, through which they purchase all their supplies direct fromthe wholesale houses and to which they ship all their crops and products to be placed on the market atthe highest prices. For further particulars and terms of membership address

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II OREGON NATIVE SON.

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PORTLAND, = OREGON.Advertisers, P1eae Mention the OREGON NATIVE SON.

THE WHITE DOVE.

Written for the Oregon Native Son.

They marched thro' San Francisco's streets,In the topaz flush of morn;

Their feet left blood-prints on the stones,Their clothing was soiled and torn

And one brave lad among the restBore a white, white clove upon his breast.The bombs went thundering to the skies,

And echoed across the bay,Where rocking on the flowing tide

The waiting transports layAnd white as the dove upon his breast,One brave lad marched among the rest.We cheered the captain as he went by,

We cheered the haggard men,We cheered the bugle, the fife, the drum,

We cheered the flag---ancl thenThe lad with the clove upon his breastCame marching by among the rest.A silence ran along the street,

And broken were our cheers,And something trembled in our heartsThat filled our eves with tearsWhen the lad marched b among the restWith the white, white clove upon his breast.And thro' our springing tears we saw

A mother, bowed and sad,Who knelt in a far Atlantic home

To thank her God for a ladWho was proud to hear among the restA white, white dove upon his breast.

ELLA EIIGGIESOY.

MRS. GERTRUDE(nee Hall).

MINA A MEGLER(pee Kimball).

SEVEN SURVIVORS OF THE WHITMAN MASSACRE.

MRS. REBECCA HOPKINS MRS. ELIZA WARREN MRS NANCY A. JACOBS(flee Hall) (flee Spalding). (flee Oaborne)

MRS SUSAN M. WIRT MRS. LORINDA CHAPMAN MRS.(flee Kimball). (flee Bewley).

ORI6ON NATIV[ SON.

Mrs. Owen N. Denny, of Portland, isa survivor of the Whitman massacre, atwhich time she was quite a small child:but the terrible scenes of that (lay areindellibly impressed upon her mind. Inthe following interview she trusts whol-ly to memory, and gives incidents as

they are recollected:For many days preceding the massa-

cre, rumors of an outbreak prevailed,which were substantiated Lv an apparentinsolence on the part of the Indians. Tn1847 I was one of the youngest childrenattending school in Dr. Whitman'shouse, with a Mr. Saunders for teacher.who, as, well as our own family, was animmigrant, having arrived that year fromthe States. On November 29 prepara-tions were made for killing a beef, be-cause of which the men of the missionwere all expected to be present and as-sist. This was an oportunitv desired Lvthe Indians, who expected to annihilatethe attaches of the mission.One man, who was expected to

be present, failed to arrive on time, inconsequence of which the work was de-

layed until late in the (lay. The resultwas that when night came theIndians had not finished themassacre; and delayed a por-

tion of it until next morning. Thusdid it happen that there were survivors.During the afternoon recess we childrenwere in the kitchen, where we foundJohn Sager, busy untangling a large lot

AN INTERVIEWWith a Survivor of the Whitman Massacre.

6

o twine. He loved children, and oftenplayed with us, whereas we thought agreat deal of him. On this occasion,however, he was so downcast andgloomy that we could not attract his at-tention or make him smile. We triedevery possible way to get him to look upan(l smile upon us, but all to no purpose.He was so deeulv engrossed in his ownsorrow, as to make a great impressionon all of us. Just after recess we heardthe reports of firearms, and at first sup-posed our friends had commenced theirwork. The continued firing, however,excited \Jr. Saunders' suspicion, and hestarted out to see what was the matter.As the door opened I caught a glimpseof an Indian making a dive at him. Mr.Saunders closed the door quickly andstarted for the immigrant house, a fewrods distant, where his family was stop-pmg. It was necessary for him to climba fence on the \vav, arid when doing sowas shot. As the door closed I turnedto the opposite window, and saw Mr.Kimball running toward the house andholding his left arm, which was bleed-ing. Soon after the firing commencedmother and i\lrs. Havse came runningfrom the immigrant house, and arrivedbarely in time to get in, as Mrs. Whit-man was barring the doors to keep theIndians out. d other told me that onthe way she saw Chief Teloukite tryingto hit Dr. Whitman on the head, butthe latter kept dodging from side co side

VOL. I. JUNE, i899. No, 2.

64 OREGON NATIVE SON.

and missing the blows, although he hadalready been shot and was bleeding.The chief was on horseback, and thedoctor on foot, near the house, which hereached before mother and Mrs. Hayse.As mother entered, she saw him lying onthe floor, and Mrs. Whitman asked herto help lift him. In taking his head inher hands, it was bloody and felt squeshy.He told them, however, to let him aloneand look out for themselves, as he woulddie anyhow. Mrs. Whitman was firstshot in the wrist, after which she wasstill active in her efforts to look out forthe welfare of others, during which timeJoe Lewis, a halfbreed whom she saidwas the ringleader of the trouble, keptslipping and dodiging around the out-side, trying to get a shot at her throughthe pantry window, which he finally did,wounding her in the breast. After be-ing thus shot twice, Mrs. Whitman wentupstairs,where Mr. Kimball hadc gone. Atthe first alarm the large boys knew thethreatened massacre had commenced, sohurried the small children into a sort ofloft in the schoolroom, then climbed upthemselves, telling us to keep perfectlyquiet under all circumstances. Here weremained what seemed to me a very longtime. When the Indians had killed allthe Americans outside, they called tothose in the house to come out, as theywere going to fire the buildings. TheBridger boys, who were part Indian, andFrank Sager, who were also attendingschool, were with us in the loft. Afterthe shooting stopped Joe Lewis camein and called to us to come down. Thelarge boys told us not to answer or makea noise. Lewis then went out, and theboys told us if he came back we had bet-ter go down, but under no circumstanceswere we to speak of their being in theloft. After a short interval Lewis re-turned and again called for us to comedown, which the children did. As we

entered the kitchen, the first thing thatgreeted our eyes was the dead body ofJohn Sager, lying across the door, overwhich we had to step to enter the dining-room. In our fright we children remain-ed together, and seemed not to be no-ticed. Nowhere was there anyone visi-ble except Indians, some of whomtried to go upstairs, but Mr. Rogersthreatened to shoot the first head thatappeared. They then called out that theywould fire the house, and for everybodyto come out, saying they would not gethurt, and making many promises of goodtreatment. After what seemed a longtime, Mrs. Whitman was induced tocome down, Mr. Rogers helping her,my mother Mrs. Hall, and Mrs. Haysecoming down at the same time. Mrs.Whitman, being unable to walk, wasplaced on a settee. The Indians saidthey would take her to the immigranthouse, so they picked up the settee andstarted, mother, Mrs. Hayse and Mr.Rogers following. Before getting acrossthe room they put the settee down andengaged in animated conversation, whiclimother could not understand, but Mrs.Whitman and Mr. Rogers could. Theythen carried her into th.e middle of thekitchen and again put the settee down,when another pow-wow was held. Inthe meantime a friendly Indian urgedmother and iVirs. Hayse to go on ahead,faster. The Indians at last picked up thesettee again, and moved a few feet out-side the door, when the friendly Indianagain urgedalmost pushingmotherand Mrs. Hayse, to go on ahead, whichthey finally did. At this point I joinedmother. It was now getting twilight,when the same friendly Indian whourged mother and Mrs. Hayse to go onahead, took off his own blanket andheld it before the children, who remainedbehind, that they might not see the hor-rible tragedy being enacted. However,

they informed me that about the timewe got to the immigrant house, the In-clians shot Mrs. Whitman in the face,struck her several times on the headwith a heavily loaded whip handle, thenrolled her off the settee into the mud.At the same time they shot Mr. Rogersand Frank Sager, who had come clownfrom the loft where we left him. Wedid not see the part-Indian boys anymore, but they were not injured. Ofcourse we were all terror-stricken in theimmigrant house that night, and noneof the adults were able to sleep. Beforeleaving, the Indians told Joe Lewis, aFrenchman, to leave during the night,as they would return in the morning andkill all the survivors. This Frenchmanwas in love with Mrs. Havse, and want-ed to marry her, claiming that the In-dians would save her, and probably allthe others, if she was his wife. Thisshe refused to do, but at the request ofthe other women, consented to have himreport to the Indians that they were mar-ried, and said if she could reconcile her-self to it she might marry him later.

Very early in the morning the Indiansreturned, came into the house, helpedthemselves tb whatever they wanted, and

Wild fiow'r of Oregon,Loved by each native son,Of thee we sing.

Emblem cf hope and pride,Along the mountain-sick,

Down to the ocean's tide,We praises bring.

From cascades to dcli,Where birds in echo swell,Their songs so free,

Where rolls the Oregon,By love's sweet labor won,

*The Oregon grape is the OregonOregon Native Sons.

(I)UR EMBLEJ FLOWER. 65

OUR EMBLEM FLOWER.

Copyright 1899, by Wiley B. Allen.

ver deliberately began preparations forkilling the survivors. As Lewis had notgone away, they demanded to know why,which gave him an opportunity to pleadfor us, which he (hdl with all the elo-quence of desperation. claiming that Mrs.Havse was his wife and he would notleave her, but if she was killed they wouldalso have to kill him. He told them thatwe were all inoffensive, had neverharmed the Indians and were not clis-posed to that they had killed Dr. andi\l rs. Whitman, and all those whom theyconsidered enemies, and should spare thewomen and children, who were merelypassing through their country. After atime the chief, Teloukite, granted his re-quest, but some of the Indians becamevery angry and \vantedl to finish the workof slaughter at once. It is a mistake tosuppose that the entire tribe was engagedin this massacre, as it was a conspiracyamong a few only, said to be twenty-fiveto thirty, while others stood around help-less, and some of them weeping. The In-dians supposed the food to he poisoned,and permitted us to retain all of it. Con-siclering their nature they treated us withmarked ccurtesv in many ways dtiringour stay among them.

From morn tc) setting sun.We sing of thee.

From Hood's prophetic crest,Throughout the golden West,in ey'rv bower,

Columbia's breeze has blown,Sweet \cllow petals grown,"Wild grape of Oregon,"Our emblem flower.

ENA H. WHITEstate gower. The niargoerite is the emhlem of the

lk0 b-

4or

OREGON NATIVE SON.

MRS. MYRA F. EELLS,A Pioneer of 1838.

OREGON PIONEERS.

MOUNTAIN LORE.

MOUNT HOOD.

Mount Flood, as seen from Portland,appears to terminate at the summit in asharp point. Such, however, is not thecase, as the present summit is the irreg-ular north rim of a crater that once ex-isted in a complete circle to the south,making a mountain of form similar to St.Helens. In the course of time the south.east and west portions of this rim dis-

appeared, leaving a long, irregular,jagged portion to the north, at rightangles to Portland. After the southerlywalls of the crater disappeared. a rockseveral hundred feet in height was leftnear the center of the old crater, nowknown as Crater Rock. As the volcanicheat decreased, snow accumulated abovethis rock, formed glaciers and movedslowly down the mountain to the rightand left, thus forming a sharp ridge, nowcalled the Devil's Backbone, the Hog'sBack, or the Big Backbone. As theseglaciers moved down, they left the northwall of the original crater, thus formingthe Great Crevasse, over which it issometimes impossible to pass.

Hood is located in latitude 45 degrees22 minutes and 24.3 seconds; longitude121 degrees, 42 mintites and 49.6 sec-onds, and is one of the very few snow-capped peaks in the world that standsalone, rising directly from sea-level, andis visible from a city of nearly IOO,oOopopulation. It was known among theIndians as Pat-to (accent on the last svl-lable), a general term, signifying veryhigh. On October 29, 1792. LieutenantBroughto n, of Vancouver's exploringexpedition, discovered it, and named it inhonor of Lord Hood, of England, a per-sonal friend of Captain Vancouver. Dur-ing the '40s there was an effort made

among Americans to fix the names ofpresi(iefltS on the various high peaks of

the Cascades, and to permanently desig-

nate them all as the Presidents' Range.At this time Hood was known as MountWashington. On several occasions sincethe whites occupied the country it is said

to have been in ertiption especially in1846 and 1865. At the present time itconstantly emits steam, and at times

black, sulphurous smoke, in limited

quantities. On the south side numerouscaves are formed under the glaciers,caused by the heat from the sides of themountain, which melts away the ice.

On Friday morning, August 4, 1854.the following party left Portland, withthe published determination to "make ascientific examination of this hitherto un-explored mountain, to measure and get

the relative height, location, etc., of this

and all the other snow peaks. For that

purpose the necessary instruments havebeen procured and will he taken with the

party": T. J. Dryer, Wells Lake, Cap-tain Travaillot and Captain Barlo\v. Gen-

eral Joel Palmer was to have joinedthem, but failed to materialize at the last

moment. Judge Olney went by way of

The Dalles, where he was joined by Ma-

jor HaIler and an Indian guide, and to-gether they came in from the east, join-ing Dryer at the timber line .5everal

clays were spent examining the mountain,and on Thursday, August 8, they crossed\Vhite River canyon and ascended from

the southeast, along the clark ridge, soplainly seen from the south, and whichleads, not to the summit of the moun-tain, l)Ut to the top of Steel's Cliff. As

it is impossible to reach the 'summit fromthis point, it is unnecssary to say Dryernever reached the summit of the moun-

67

68 OREGON NATIVE SON.tam. Of the entire party, Dryer, Lakeand the Indian only, succeeded in scalingSteel's Cliff. While returning from theclimb, a novel measurement of the moun-tain was made by the scientists of theparty. It is described by Dryer as fol-lows: "When descending we found Cap-tain Travailiot, Major Hailer and JudgeOlney making observations, triangula-tions and distances for the purpose of as-certaining the height of the mountain.It being impossible to use the barometer,calculations were made by taking thetable of the line of perpetual snow on theprincipal mountains of the globe, as laiddown by Baron de Humboldt. By keep-ing a rigorous account of both the lati-tude (44 degrees 30 minutes), the tem-perature given by the thermometer andthe exposition of the side by which wemade the ascent, we took as the height ofour encampment, 11,250 feet; the snowat the edge of the snow-fields being 28inches within 30 feet of our camp, andthe meltage only three hours in the af-ternoon. From that basis Captain Tray-aillot and Mr. Lake took several dis-tances, and obtained by calculation15,442 feel, or two miles and a half toascend under an angle of 35 degrees toreach the pinnacle; which distance gavethe height of 7,1'' feet, which, added tothe basis, makes a total of 18,361 feet asthe height of the mountain." To stu-dents of modern science this may seemsomewhat complicated, as Mr. Dryerneglected to say just how deep the snowwas 31 feet from camp in the dark of themoon.

On August 23, 1867, Colonel William-son, with a government party, ascendedthe mountain, made numerous scientificobservations, and, among other things,secured a careful barometric measure-ment, which showed the elevation to be11,225 feet. Future investigation maychange these figures slightly, but they are

very nearly correct, and the most relia-ble of any now in existence, manufactur-ers of souvenir spoons to the contrarynotwithstanding. Those interested insuch matters will find Colonel Will-iamson's report in the Oregonian of Sep-tember 24, 1867.

In Armstrong's "Oregon and Wash-ington" may be found the *ollowingchoice contribution to history: "Theloftiest of the snow peaks is MountHood. It was ascended by Mr. Belden,in October, 1854, and found to be 19,400feet high. They ascended as high asthey could travel, first with snow shoes,then with ice hooks and spikes. Whenthey reached a point some i8,000 feethigh respiration became very difficult,owing to the rarity of the atmosphere.At length the blood began to oozethrough the pores of the skin like dropsof sweattheir eyes began to bleedthen the blood gushed from their ears.Then they commenced their downwardmarch. At the point where they com-menced the ascent, they had left theirpack-mules and two men to guard them.The men went out hunting, and whenthey returned found that the cougars hadkilled two of the mules." Mr. Belden'sfirst name is not given, hut it was prob-ably Ananias.

On July ii, 1857, the first actual ascentof Mount Hood was made by Henry L.Pittock, W. Lyman Chittenden, JamesG. Deardorif, William Buckley and Pro-fessor L. J. Powell, of Portland. Sincethat time it is probable that more personshave stood on the summit of this moun-tain than any similar one on the Ameri-can continent. Many years ago the ideawas suggested of illuminating it, aind in1885 it was seriously discussed, but notattempted until the following year, whenseveral young men from Portland at-tempted the experiment with red fire, in-tending to set it off at the appointed time,

4 4

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LY H).I


by means of clock-work and acids. Bycareless handling, however, it was ignitedduring the day, so the effort proved afailure. In 1887 a party was sent out un-der the direction of the Fourth of Julycommittee of Portland, the result ofwhose labors are thus described by theOregonian next morning: "The cele-bration closed with the illumination ofMount Hood, the grandest and mostunique event of the day. Precisely at11 :30, the time appointed, just as the fire-works display was over, a bright red lightshone away up in the clouds above theeastern horizon, which was greeted withcheers from the thousands congregatedon the bridge, wharves, roofs, boats onthe river, and on the hills back of town,and with vigorous and long-continuedwhistling from every steamboat on theriver." Again, just one year later, themountain was illuminated, and, in re-sponse to a request from Eastern editors,the Mazamas will set it ablaze on thenight of July 4 next.

MAZAMAS.

Mazama is a Spanish word, first usedby a naturalist in Mexico, about 200years ago, to designate the mountaingoat, or American chamois, found on thePacific coast of the North American con-tinent. It is also the name of a club ofmountain-climbers, with headquarters inPortland, the object of which is to ad-vertise American natural scenery. Tocompel the world to recognize the factthat our own native land is blessed withscenery equal to or superior to anythingfound in Europe or elsewhere. Its veryorganization was romantic, and its lifehas been one continual labor on scien-tific lines, together with bold mountain-eering feats well planned and success-fully carried out. It is composed ofladies and gentlemen familiar with sci-ence and literature, as also sturdy moon-

taineers, whose lots are cast in the wil-derness. It was organized on the top-most peak of Mount Hood, July 19,

1894, at which time 200 persons partici-pated. Never before was there such agathering on a mountain over two mileshigh. Charter membership was limitedto those present at the organization, andno one can join without first climbing tothe summit of a snow-capped mountain,on the sides of which there must be atleast one living glacier. It must be amountain, too, up the sides of which itis impossible to ride, horseback or other-wise. Annual excursions are organized,and regular business meetings held onthe summit of some mountain of perpet-ual snow. Scientific investigations arecarried on in various lines, and lecturesare delivered around the camp fires bymen celebrated for their learning.

Accompanying Colonel Frank V.I)rake's poem, "Mazamas," descriptiveof the organization on Mount Hood, isthe following interesting note:

"Mercury passed between us and thesun in July, 1894, being at inferior con-junction July 20 at 4 hours 28 minutesP. M., central time. Venus passed byJupiter on the morning of July 20. 3u-piter and Neptune were in conjunctionwith Venus on the morning of the 20th.See 'Astronomy and Astro-Physics,'June, 1894. All these planets were inthis rare conjunction (occurring at inter-vals of many centuries) on the morningof July 19, when the Mazamas began theascent of Mount Hood."

On the evening before organizationover 300 persons camped on the ruggedmoraines at extreme timber line, fully amile above the line of snow. As the daywore on and the sun descended, wordwas passed from camp to camp to watchthe western horizon. Far off in the dis-tance, by one sweep of the eye, the fa-

mous Willamette valley could be seenthrough its entirety. Beyond it the Coastrange of mountains shut the ocean fromview, and almost from our very feet thegreat Columbia flows on to the sea. TheCascade range extends to the south in aline of snow peaks and cross ranges,while here and there bits of cloud gatherover the valleys below. i\Iount Jeffer-son, fifty miles distant, seems like a sen-tinel, while forty miles beyond the ThreeSisters stand in chaste beauty. Onehundred and fifty miles down the rangeDiamond Peak rears its snowy crest aloft.Fifty miles to the east the plains of East-ern Oregon lie like a scroll, tessellatedwith fields of ripening grain.

But the sun is descending, and as hisrays strike the waters of the Pacific at theproper angle they are reflected to us onthe mountain, and a yellow line along thehorizon shows us clearly the ocean, overa hundred miles distant. Everybody incamp is excited as Old Sol descends, forclouds have gathered in the west, andHeaven's artistic hand is at york on thecanvas. Every moment the scene growsmore brilliant. The gdlded clouds rollinto golden streets and celestial palacesand cities rise up and disappear. Greattemples and walls of precious stones lin-ger for a brief season and fade away. Thewaters of the ocean seem like moltengold in their magnificence. Finally thesun sinks to rest, the ocean disappears,the, brilliance of a moment is but thevivid recollection of a glorious scene thatshall never fade from memory. Beforeus stands the grand old mountain, boldand beautiful, while a sea of snowstretches away to the summit and is lostin the timber below. As the sun goesdown a great yellow ball appears on theeastern horizon, and a full moon coversthe world with a soft, effulgent light thatgrows brighter as the night advances.Camp is pitched fully a mile above sea-

MC)LKTAIY LORE. 71

level, beyond all impurities of the atluos-phere, and is surrounded with pure snow.which reflects and increases the alreadybright light of the moon. So light isthe night that many sit and marvel thatsuch things can be.

A weird scene presents itself as welook u,p and down the moraines and seescores of camp-fires, from around whichhappy voices are heard, mingled withvarious musical instruments. Shoutsand laughter greet the ear, and dull careis banished from our midst. Some ofthe brightest minds of the country aregathered here, with mechanics and farm-ers' boys, presidents of colleges, studentsand beautiful women. Original songsfloat upon the breeze, and trained voicesadd melodi to the general rejoicing.hewspapers sent representatives anddelegates are here from schools and re-ligious organizations. The musicians ofPortland sent a bugler, who at 9 o'clockclimbed high up the mountain andplayed "America." Quick as thoughtcamps here and there joined with words,and it seemed that every voice on themountain-side was awaking the echoes inone grand refrain. Then the buglerplayed "Yearer, dy God to Thee." Thenotes came like whisperings fromheaven; every voice was hushed, everysound ceased, and all seemed charniedinto absolute silence. sever did musicsound half so sweet, never was poor hti-manity so peacefully at rest. "Taps"followed in quick succession, and campwas stilled for the night.

Promptly at 2 o'clock the "Reveille"was sounded, and all was activity. Fardlo\yn l)elow us the foothills and mann-tam valleys were filiedi with clouds,through which vivid flashes of lightningcould he seen, and from which came loudpeals of thundier. The air was chilly andthe wind strong. Fears were expressedfor the day by those unused to such

by Kioft.CAPTAU

JOSIPHKELLOGG

APioneer at 1849.

'yM.ore

<ELL000,A

Plone.r at 18W.

1,ortet.otO 10ee"

OREGON PIONEERS.


scenes, but the order was given to ad-vance. After a hasty breakfast, morethan 300 persons started over the snow.At 7 o'clock a snow storm overtook us,and an hour later a hail storm pelted usuntil it was tired. Many discouragedclimbers turned back, some of whom re-pented and reached the summit later inthe day. At sunrise a shadow of themountain was shown, clear and sharp, inthe atmosphere to the west. In a fewminutes a second, smaller and darkershadow-mountain appeared behind thefirst, then both gradually melted fromview. When the hail storm ceased, thesky above became clear, hut the cloudsbelow remained until nearly noon, whenthey, too, disappeared, leaving an un-clouded atmosphere and a view unsur-passed and seldom witnessed by poor

MOUNTAIN LORE. 73

LEGEND OF MOUNT MOOD.

"Tahoma"thus the native Indian legends run"A god magnificent and pure of soul, dwelt in a grove

Of giant trees where stands this mountain now. None came to shareHis meditations, or his loneliness,'Till form empyreal, of lovelinessAnd grace and majesty and holiness

Coequal with his own, swept through the vault a goddess fair,On errand from the stars. 'Twas Red Tamahuous, queen of love!

Tahoma saw; she smiled, and passed beyond the sun.

Aflame with strange, ecstatic fire, the fervent god,In sleepless vigil, waited through the years for her return

Ten hundred years. She came at last, at risiug of the sun.Exalting all his form Tahoma roseTo greet his queen; in maidenly reposeShe lingered in the west; upon her brows

A wreathed effulgence flamed. In form the lovers were as one,Their ornaments the same. Each learned that fires celestial 1oirn

\Vhere love is pure. Thus, near opposed, they willing stood.

Foredoomed to earthly home, Tahoma sued her (learCompanionshipthat she, with silyer hair untressed and spread

In beauty through the skies, no more from stars to sun should roam,An errant messenger. She gave consent:

humanity. Iwo great states lay at ourfeet, and a dozen grand old snow peakswere before us. For a hundred miles inall directions the view was unobscured,and will never he described, for humanlanguage is powerless before such stu-pendous grandeur.

The shadows of the mountain seen inmid-air are the subject of a beautiful In-dian legend, which, among other things,is described in Colonel Drake's poem, ofwhich it may be said, in the native Indiandialect. "Tahoma" signifies the god, orspirit of the mountains; "Red Tamah-nous," the spirit of love; "Black Tamah-notis," the spirit of hate, envy, malice. Inthe word tamahnous, accent is on thesecond syllable, the letter "a" having thebroad sound.


Above the pair a morning halo bent,The greater spirit's token of assent.

With arms outstretched the god essayed to clasp his bride's fair form,When lo! behind her 'rose a grisly shape of aspect dread;

It veiled her from his sight and bore her through the air.

'Twas Black Tarnahnous, fiend of rage and hate, the foeOf all the good and pure in heaven, on earth; relentless, fierce,

Of form prodigious, as.pect foul, she murders joy and loveWhere e'er she goes. Transfixed Tahoma stood;Then burst his heart: above his head the blood,In fountain red and hot, poured all its flood,

And thus he died. The Spirit Great bewailed his son and woveA mantle pure and white around his form, and as the years

Speed past renews the garb, as symbol of his woe.

And ever as the summer comes the mystic queen,Forbidden ever to return as comet to the sky,

Steals silently from out the west, at rising of the sun,To look upon her lover's mantled formAnd meditate, alone, that sweet, sad mornWhen first they met; and still the hag, hell born,

Pursues and draws obscuring veil o'er each; to realms unknownThey thus return. The tale is true, for even mortal eve,

When blessed of sight, may yet behold that very scene."

His hair is silvered by the hand ofTime, his step is no longer the buoyantone of youth; yet the keen blue eyeshave lost none of their brightness, northe hearty laugh its ring. His facultiesare well preserved, the recollections ofpioneer days being retained and told withvividness, which old age cannot efface.The Stolen Loaf is one of his best stories,and as he smokes his pipe on the porch,a dreamy, far-away look in his eves asthey rest "away over yonder," where theevening sunset lingers on the snowy Cas-cade range, I will chronicle it verbatim,as he told me.

"In 1852, while the Yreka mining ex-citement was at its height, Sidney Cook,his father and two brothers, crossed theplains to Oregon, and settled in Yamhillcounty, where the old man began teach-ing school for a livelihood, the boys tak-ing advantage of every odd job that camealong. L,ike a good many other youngfellows, Sid was amlitious, and conclucl-ed to make a stake by going to the mines.Having no money to pay his \vaytrav-cling was mighty expensive then heconcluded to go on foot, and take hischances while on the 300-mile tramp ofcatching a meal wherever circumstancesoffered.

"So Sidney, being one of the best menGod ever put breath in, set out with aroll of blankets on his back, sleepingsometimes in houses, sometimes in barns,and at other times sleeping on the groundwith the sky for a tent. in due courseof time he arrived, foot-sore and hun-gry, in the Vmpqua valley. Yes, Sidneywas hungry; there wasn't any doubt of it.To tell the truth, he hadn't tasted anygrub for 24 hours, the houses on the roadbeing mighty few and far between. Whatto (10 for grub he didn't exactly know;so he sat down ho the side of the road,mighty lonesome like, and poilderecl.Then all of a sudden a thought struckhim. Over in the woods he could hearthe rumble of a waterfall; so he conclud-ed he would yank out a trout, if he-could,and ease his gnawing stomach.

"Sidney didn't have any fish line along,or hooks, either, for that matter; but inhis pack was a spool of old-fashionedthread, stout enough to hold a yearlingcalf: so with this, and a common pin, herigged himself tip a line. Then he cut apole and caught a dozen grasshoppers,and started for the creek-. But wasn'the surprised, though, when he ran slap-bang on a cabin in the woods, Well, Ishould say Smoke \vas curling out of

THE ST( )LEY LOAF. 75

Thus runs the tale of Red Tamahnons. Hag and HoodTere those the phantom forms we saw this morn? and were ve blessed

With more than mortal vision while we stood in rifted storm?Ah! Who shall read that wondrous mystery;Or ever kno\v how far Time's history,Part written in these rocks, may testify

The truth of whispered story and the lore of spirit forms?Thus much we know: lime was, the lava on this mountain's crest

\Vas red and hot within its breasta sea of blood."

THE STOLEN LOAF.

A TRUE PIONEER STORY.


the chimney, and the door standing open,so he walked right up and said hello.Not getting any answer he poked hishead in the door and said hello again,hut no one answered.

"Just then Sidney saw something andsmelt something that made him feel goodall over; and his spirits rose up like thefeathers of a wet hen standing in the sun.Hanging on the crane, over the fire, wasa kettle with a big hunk of beef in it,simmering and sputtering. That beef,

so Sidney told me, smelt the best of any-thing he ever smelt in his life. On thetable, too, was a pone of sour doughbread, which made his eyes water.'What's the matter with me getting awaywith that bread and beef?' said Sidney tohimself. 'It ain't stealing to do a thinglike that when a fellow's hungry.'

"Going to the door, Sid poked hishead outside and took a careful look allaround; no one was in sight. In a cor-

ner of the cabin, hanging on a peg, wasan empty flour sack. Into this Sidneydumped the red-hot beef and pone ofbread; then, holding the steaming sack atarm's length, he lit out again on his wayto the mines. This grub he used spar-ingly, it lasting him within range ofYreka.

"On arriving at the mines, Sidney com-menced prospecting. In order to gettools to work with, and not having anymoney, he sold two of his shirts and pur-

chased part of an outfit, as near as hecould. His prospecting was successfulfrom the start, going one dollar to thepan; and, within four months, he hadtaken out in the neighborhood of tenthousand dollars.

"Knowing that his father was piningaway for a sight of old Tennessee, andhaving the means to send him home,Sidney bought a mule, and, in companywith several others, lit out for Oregon,

EI'.."

.i 'ht I?.;,

()RFGOY PTONEERS


with his gold dust in a cantena over thepommel of his saddle. On arriving atJacksonvillea mighty small town then--Sid's party attended a hoe-down, inwhich one of the crowd, to have a littlefun out of him, pinned a dish-rag to Sid-ney's coat tail. That made Sid as madas a wet hen, and he vowed if he couldfind the one who did it he would whaleblazes out of him.

"Sid didn't find who did it that night,but next day, as the party went aboardthe ferry-boat at Rogue river, he wastold who it was; and the two men went atit 'tooth and toe-nail,' in which Sidneyslapped the other fellow clean over therailing into the river. When the fellowwas fished out by some men on the bank,all hands sided against Sidney and a sep-aration followed, and he jogged on, aloneand forsaken.

"When Sidney reachedthe Umpqua andpassed down the valley, the remembranceof the old log cabin came into mind.'Now,' said Sidney, 'is the time to do agood act;' so he turned his mule's headinto the brush, and rode up to the cabin.This time a man was standing in thedoor.

"'Hello!' said Sid, reining up; 'are youthe landlord here?'

"'Yes,' said the man; 'I'm the one thatruns the shebang.'

"'Were you living here four monthsago?' Sid asked, to make sure..

'I was,' said the man."'Then,' said Sid, alighting from his

mule, 'I owe you five hundred dollars.'

It is said that the first cattle whichcame to Oregon were shipped from theSandwich islands in 1835. In 1836 someMexican cattle were driven here fromCalifornia. The first blooded stocktheDurhamscame the plains across, in1847, John Wilson being the importer.

saidI'm

"'Five hundred dollars!' said the man.Why, I never saw you before.'

"'It don't make any difference,'Sid. 'I owe you that amount; andgoing to settle it right here.'

"Sid then dropped his bridle reins,took his cantena from the saddle pom-mel, and started for the house. 'Now,'said he, as he entered the cabin, 'get mea couple of tin plates, and we'll proceedto settle up.'

"The man, who was mightily amazed,got the pans and placed them on the ta-ble. Then Sid took a pair of six-ouncescales from his pocket; and, after empty-ing a great wad of gold in one of thepans, proceeded to weigh out five hun-dred dollars into the other pan, sixounces at a whack.

"'There,' said Sid, pushing the panacross the table; 'that's yours.'

"'But I tell you you don't owe me acent,' persisted the man.

"'Can't help it,' said Sid. 'Do youremember,' said he, looking the manstraight in the eye, 'of losing a chunk ofmeat and a pone of bread, about fourmonths ago?'

"'Well, I should say I do rememberit,' said the man. 'It's always been amystery, too, what became of it.'

"'I got it,' said Sid; 'and that dust is topay for it.'

"'But what am I to do with the gold?'said the man.

"'Keep it,' said Sidney, as he mountedhis mule and rode away."

THOMAS H. ROGERS:

Pottery was first made in the state in1865, A. M. Smith inaugurating the in-dustry among us, locating his plant atBuena Vista, where the same continuesin operation at the present time.

The first flax mill established in thestate was built at Albany in 1877.

From the Cascade's frozen gorges,Leaping like a child at play.

Winding, widening through the vailBright Willamette glIdes away:

Onward ever,Lovely river,

Softly calling to the sea:Time that scars us.Maims and mars us,

Leaves no track or trace on

SAM L. SIMPSONA Pioneer of 1846

BEAUTIFUL WILLAMETTE.

Sam L. Simpson.

pri1igs green \vitcherv is weavingBraid and border for thy side:

Grace forever haunts thy journey.I eaut\ diiiiples on div tide.

Through the purple gates of morning,\O\v thy roseate ripples (lance:

Golden, then, when day departing,On thy waters trails his lance:

\Valtzing, flashing,1 inkling, plashing,

Limpid, volatile and freeAl\\ avs hurriedTo he buried

In the hitter, moon-mad sea.

In thy crystal deeps, inverted,Sv ings a picture of the sky,

Like those wavering hopes of AidennI )iinlv in our dreams that lie;

Clouded often, drowned in turmoil.Faint and lovely, far away

\Vreath in g sun sli inc on the morrow.Breathing fragrance round today.

Love cOul(l wanderHere, and ponder

Hither poetry would dream:Life's old questions,Sad suggestions,

"Whence and whither?" throng thy stream.

thee!

On the roaring waste of ocean,Soon thy scattered o ayes shall toss:

'i\ lid the surges' rhvthniic thunderShall thy silver tongues he lost.

Oh, thy glinmiering rush of gladnessMocks this turbid life of mine.

Racing to the wild Forever,Down the sloping paths of time-

()nvard ever,Lovely river,

Softl\ calling to the sea:Time that scars us,.\lainis and mars us,

Leaves no track or 1race on thee!7 i)

The subject of this sketch was born onhis father's farm, located in the WaldoHills, some five miles south of Silverton,Marion county, the (late of his birth be-ing March 8, 1867. His mother's maidenname was Miss Flora Geer, daughter ofRalph C. Geer. She was married to thewriter of this article November 17, 1854,and died of smallpox on November 20,1870.

Homer has no doubt been the subjectof more "write ups" than any other news-paper artist in the United States.

His appearance among the foremostcartoonists was so sudden and unher-alded, that writers of all degrees weretempted to try their descriptive and ana-lytic powers upon him. Of necessitythey had not much data to draw from, forh had no diploma from an Americanart school; had not been in England,Germany, Italy or France; in fact, hadnot been educated in art anywhere; andas he was not a lineal descendant fromartists, as any one knew, it is not strangethat many of the 'interviews" were asgrotesque as the artist himself could wish.He never claimed to be an artist, and sowhen questioned as to the employmentof his youth, he generally gave such factsas would make a humorous picture, suchas firing on a steamboat, wiping locomo-tives, breeding and fighting game chick-ens, playing clown for a circus, feedinglions and tigers in a menagerie, clog(lancing in a minstrel show, umpiringbaseball games, or any other of the thou-sand and one things boys attempt in therattle-brain period of existence.

As such things made up the greaterpart of his antecedents, upon which hisinterviewers delighted to dwell, the opin-ion became prevalent that his case lay

HOMER C, DAVENPORT.Written by his father.

80

outside of heredity, and that early arttraining is unimportant. If from suchvagaries, and without previous training,a green Oregon boy could enter the fieldof art and carry off high honors andemoluments, why not others do the same?Hence all over the Pacific coast boys whohad never taken a thought of how pic-tures are made, began to draw cartoons,full of enthusiastic purpose to becomefamous like Homer.

Young men just beginning to encoun-ter the earnest tug of existence and want-ing to find an easier way ofmaking a living, and boys whohad seen Davenport's picturesin the Examiner and Journal anowere stirred with emulation, thesebrought samples of their art yearnings tobe exarninedby the celebrated cartoonistduring his short visit in Salem two yearsago. One hopeful woman desired himto leave the train and go six miles intothe country to see the work of her dar-ling boy, who had been drawing for onlythree months, and never made a line un-til he was 12 years old. One of Homer'searly companions, now editor of a Seattlepaper, said "it is too bad so many youngpeople should abandon pursuits in whichthey can make a living, and spend theirprecious early years in drawing hideouspictures and dreaming of brilliant suc-cess in art." To satisfy hb regret of sucha condition, he proposed to publish hisopinion that Homer's success is the worstcalamity that ever befell the boys of thePacific coast. Such a statement, how-ever emphatic, will not deter any ambi-tious boy, for has not everybody seenthe catchy write-ups of Homer, who waspictured in spicy phrase as a queer, jollyfellow; a veritable freak of nature, given

HO.\IER (1 1)

to all sorts of vagaries and having a dis-relish of book learning, as well as anyremunerative employment, and that hispresent success is the result of one or twolucky incidents?

One that he painted on the outside of ahenhouse, a gamecock so lifelike that hisbulldog thought it a veritable live cockand bristled for a fight every tue hepassed that way; another that of a friendhaving- confidence in the sagacity of thedog, suggested to Homer that he hadbetter work at art for a living.

There is plenty in all this to rattle theboys and make theni believe there is aneasy way to fame and fortune, such asHomer had found or strayed into. Butthe dear school of experience is a veryeffective teacher, and two years of expe-rimenting and cartooning- has convincedmost of the boys that the lull of art is ashard to climb as the hill of science, u hichthey abandoned to loiter in the royal roadto fame. Only here and there an artscribbler is left punishing himself in thevain endeavor tc evoke a faculty tooweak for self-assertion; very much likemaking something out of nothing.

The plain, unvarnished truth as re-spects Hornet's early years would havesaved the boys from the unlucky diver-sion, but his interviewers were not in-formed thereof. In fact. Homer himselfattached no importance to his early hab-its, nor had lie considered the controll-ing impulse which prompted them, it isdoubtful if he could have given as gooda reason for himself as Topsy (lid, thathe "just grow'd."

The common mind everywhere takesbut little account of what is most influ-ential in the formative period of humancharacter. Unless a person has receivedan academic education, he says at once,"I am uneducated,' and considers as un-worthy of mention the early, constantand unaided exercise of his mental facul-

A\1dNPORT. 81

ties, the only true and reliable education.And it is owing to the omission Of thebasic conditions, the absolutely essentialantecedents, from the - biographicalsketch that make of Homer an inexplkcable personage. Very creditable accounts, however, have been writtenwithin a year by Allan Dale, JulianHawthorne and Arthur i\ [cEwan, butthey contain to antidote to the irrationalintoxication which possessed the young,would-be artists of Oregon. If theycould have been assured for a fact thatalthough Homer never attended an artschool or had an art teacher. he had spenthis whole life in the daily and almosthourly practice of art, not as technicallyunderstood, but of drawing such pie-

tnres as suited his fancy, not becauseany one else was an artist, or to satisfyan ambition to be an artist, for he wasvoid of purpose, but from an inherited en-dowment of special faculties, and an irre-pressible desire to exercise them, they\Votlld have dropped their pencils in ut-ter amazement, to think of following inthe track of such a being. He didn'twait until he was u 2 years old before hebegan to trace his mental pictures on pa-per. liefore he was 3 years old he wasobserving and dlra\\ ing, rudely but con-tinuously, subject to such intermissionsof play as children take it is nothingunconunion for young children to draw.hut it is very rare to see one absorbedin the work hour after hour, putting hisobservations to Paper as thong-h it werea devotion.

His extraordinary love for animals,and especially of birds, was exhibitedwhen only a few months old. Lnlikether babies, toys afforded him but little

aiuiusenuent. Shaking rattle boxes andl)lO\ving whistles only frettml him, andhis wearied looks antI moans seemed tosay that he was already tired of existence.


OREGON PIONEERS.

Carrying him around mto the variousrooms and showing pictures socn he-came irksome, and in quest of somethingto relieve the monotony of indoor life,his paternal grandmother found a con-tinuotis solace for his fretful mc ods inthe chickens.

It was worth the time of a philoso-pher, to observe the child drink in everymotion of the fowls, and witness the thrillof joy that went through his being whenthe cock crew or flapped his wings.

Such a picture is worth reproducing.Old grandmother in her easy chair uponthe veranda; baby sitting upon the floorby her side; the little hands tossingwheat, at intervals, to the clucking henand her brood, the latter venturing intobaby's lap and picking grains therefrom,despite the warnings of the shy old cockand anxious mother. This lesson withall its conceivable variations learned,ceased to he entertaining, and a broaderfield was needed. So grandma or hersubstitute carried baby to the barnyard,and there, sitting under the wagon shed,acquaintance was made with the otherdomestic animals, which afforded himdaily diversion. At first their foritis andquiet attitudes were of sufficient inter-est, but as these becanie familiar, moreactive exhibitions were required, and thedog, perceiving his opportunity, turnedthe barnyard into a circus of animals.

Whether this was the cause and be-ginning of Homer's love for dogs isprobably not material, but unlike Mad-ame DeStael, who said 'the more I seeof men the better I like (logs, he haslove enough to go all around. All thisseems very commonplace, as any childwould be likewise entertained, hut it is

a very rare infant to whom such scenesand acquaintances are a necessity. Andthat the forms and actions of his speech-less friends were being photographedupon his brain, was shown by the fact

I [OilER C. l)AVhNPORT. 83

that as soon as he could use a pencil hebegan to sketch them, very imperfect inproportions and form, hut exhibitingthem in action with sufficient accuracybefore long to label one as nntarned, an-other mad, and another frolicksome.

After his mother's death, from small-pox, as stated, the family was subjectedto several months of social isolation,during the rainy season, when Homer,just recovered from the dread disease.u as kept indoors. During these dtillmonths he worked more as-siduouslv at drawing than eversince for pa. Sitting at thedesk, or lying prone upon the floor,it was draw, draw, draw. Fearing theeffect of such intense application uponthe slimso fellow, his grandmother triedvarious diversions, without much suc-cess. She could interest him with In-dian or ghost stories, but such gave himno bodily exercise, and only set him todrawing "how granny looked when tell-ing ghost stories."

(Among Homer's subjects for illus-I ration was his father, whom he picturedin various ways upon the fences, barnor wherever he coidd find a board largeenough to accommodate the scene hewished to portray For years this habitbrought about no ideas in his father'smind of a some day future prominencefor his son, but rather a feeling of irrita-tion at being drawn as he was, and in ludi-crous positions. As a result he put in con -siderable time in trying to develop, withthe aid of a branch of hazel-bush, amore matter of fact manner of action inHomer. He had lo finally give it up.however, for the latter kept on makinghis cartoons, often showing "what father(lid when he got mad at them." Theseincidents the now justly prOu(l parenthas seemingly forgotten, hut this article\voull not be complete vothout givin

84 OREGON NATIVE SON.them mention, so the liberty has been ta-ken to supply the omission.Ecl.)

Plainly observable, even thus early,was his love of the dramatic in every-thing having life. Though much at-tracted by beautiful specimens of the an-imal kingdom, his chief satisfaction camefrom representing them in their moods.His pictures were all doing something.Horses, dogs, monkeys, chickens, ducks,pigeons, were exhibiting their peculiarcharacteristics, and so fitted to the occa-sion as to awaken the supposition that theartist must be"en rapport" withall animated na-ture. Of course,his artistic crea-tions were wideof the mark, asrespects confor-mity to naturalp r o p 0 r t ions,which his visit-ing critics unfail-ingly p o i n t e do u t. "Homer,

h i s ii o r s e ' slegs are toolong for his body; his hack is tooshort, and his neck too long. Andthis dog, chasing the horse, is too long-bodied and short-legged. Nobody eversaw a dog like that." His reply was,"that is a bench-leg dog, and the horsecan't kick him." The real excellence ofthe disproportioned animals, which thevoluntary critics did not see, lay in thfact that they were truly acting out theirnatures, under the circumstances, andexhibiting the same controlling animaldesires in every limb and feature.

A mad horse was mad all over, and anardent dog showed it in every part, re-gardless of proportions.

It may be said that these are a fondparent's after-thoughts, or the result of

HOMER WATCHED HIS FATHER HOEING CORN,AND REPRODUCED THE SCENE ON

THE BARN DOOR.

his own suggestions at the time, butneither of these suspicions can be true.The suggestion as to harmony in dra-matic compositions and co-ordination ofdetails might he elaborated to a studenta thousanl times, and yet, without thenatural faculty to perceive, without thesympathy with nature, the suggestionswould result in a mere artificiality, as de-void of life as "a painted ship upon apainted ocean."

Art education at the highest schoolscan not supply an artist's natural defi-

C e n C y in me-chanical a p t i -tude, or givehim a receptivesympathy w it hlife.

A highly ac-

complished Pa-risian artist,working on theExaminer, saw acartoon by Ho-

'1 - mer represent-Ni \1 ii - ing t h e havoc

created a m o n gthe animals of a

barnyard liw the passing of the first rail-road train through it, and remarked: "Noman who was not born in a barnyardcould do that."

Evidently that artist was off in his cas-uistry, for he, too, had seen ducks andgeese, cows and calves, goats and sheep,horses and mules, all of them in action,and wiule he could represent them in ac-tion with far more accuracy as to propor-tion of parts, his animals in such a scenewould be doing some very poor acting;in fact, not looking and acting like them-selves. If an early acquaintance andcontinuous existence with domestic ani-mals could make an artist, then all farm-ers' boys would he artists. The poorIrish who raise pigs and chickens in

J-IO\[ER C. T)

the house, and the Arabs who tent theirhorses and children together from birth,should he artists. Such incidents do notmake artists; they merely furnish oppor-tunity for the exercise of birth endow-ments.

And Honier's early method of work,if an impulsive employment, may be dig-nified by the term method, was "sui gell-ens," and probably unique, if not won-derful. Coincident with the drawing ofa mad horse, was the acting by himself.The work would he ar--rested at times, seeming-ly for want of apprecia-tion or mental image ofa horse in that state offeeling, and then he tookto the floor. After vic-iously stamping, kick-

ing, snorting and switch-ing an improvised tail,which he held in hishand behind his hack,until his feeling or fancybecame satisfied, the pic-ture was completed andreferred to me with thequestion, "Is that the way a mad horselooks ?" "Yes, he appears to be madthrough and through."

Granting that the importance of har-mony in a composition was frequentlyspoken of in his youth, I lay no claimto being his teacher, for he was movedby an impulse that paid but slight regard to the technical restrictions ofscribe and rule.

And although it has been said by awriter in The New York World that he"has a robust contempt of art," his nat-ural ability anti aptitude for accomplish-ing such results as the critic would callartistic are unsurpassed. The mechani-cal aids and dilatory processes of theschooled artists are never resorted to by

OAD FOEND THE PICTOI(E, THENFOTTN I) TTOMEH.

AVENPORT. 85

him. He does not use a snap-shot cam-era, or wait for a dead-rest pose. butsketches on the spur of the moment, and"shoots folly as it flies." Under suchcircumstances, faultless art is out of thequestion, nor does a daily newspaperneed it.

I)uring the Columbian exposition at(Jncago in 1892, a famous horse race oc-curred, and all the great newspapers sentartists to sketch the winning horse. 1:Io-

merk picture for the Chicago Hcraieasily surpassed all c O1 -

11)etitO rs. 'tVh at orartist in America canstudy a man's featuresor a minute or two, then

walk a mile to his studioand draw a better like-ness of him than wasever (lone by an artisthaving a pose?

Sam Rainy's picture\\C15 taken in this vav.and he was so pleasedwith it that he procuredthe original from the Ex-miner and has it framed

iii his ()fiElce. And still Homer makes iiepretensons to serious art, as taught at theschools. His forte is caricature, thoughClara 1\lorris says it is not, hut that heis a great actor.

He fell in love with the beautifulbeasts and birds at first sight, and the at-tachnlent continues unabated.

His fondness for dramatic scenes, firstnoticed in connection with them, did notend there. Very early, even at 3 yearsof age, he was experimenting with hisplaymates, for no observable reason, ex-cept that he desired to see them act.People said he vas a hector, a tease, andfew- of them dhscovered the cause, asthere seenied to be no connection withanger or ill will. 1\[anv a delightful play


NATIVE SONS OF OREGON.

ended in a rumpus, which he eagerlyeyed, the only placid and sweet-temperedone of the company. One woman saidshe believed Homer loved to see chil-dren quarrel and cut up. Indeed, shehad come very close to the truth, but themotive she had not divined. Likclv hewas probing human nature and assimi-lating its moods. I do not take him tobe a philosopher. His peculiarities inthis respect are referred to his mother,who was the most consummate repro-ducer of social scenes. No person, how-ever old in feature, form, voice or ges-ture, was beyond her powers of imita-tion. And it was all so natural that Idid nqt call it acting. Rather, it wasbeing. I asked her once how she coulddo this, and she said, "I feel like them."I have often thought, when seeing Ho-mer immersed in his work, that he, too,feels like his subjects.

All through his boyhood days he wasfond of pictures, and spent much timein poring over illustrated hooks and pa-pers, and in visiting art galleries, buthe was never known to copy from them.His innate desire and tendency, as wellas my advice, was to illustrate his ownconceptions and fancies. His first ob-servations, as before narrated, were athome in his father's barnyard, hut ashe grew he began to roam in quest of

something new, and when he heard ofany strange breed, or any extraordinaryspecimen of the animal creation, lie wasat once seized with what ordinary Peo-ple would call an irrational desire to seeit. And to see, in his case, meant themost intense study, not for a few minutesor an hour, hut continuously, until thesubject became a part of him. Ofscores of pigeons, he knew every individ-ual, and discovered that the old storyof their marital faithfulness is a myththat they have their little jealousies annlove intrigues like human beings. Of

his visits over the country, people saidthey were idle, purposeless; that lie wassowing wild oats, a mere pleasure-seeker,1 )tit I noticed that lie came to me full,not of hook learning, but of the onlykind of acquisitions for which he cared,new birds and beasts, new men and theircharacter manifestations, as he couldprove with his ever-ready pencil.

They were as much voyages of discovery as Columbus undertook in T492.Unlike the great navigator, his cruisingswere not for wealth or power, or the in-trociuction of religion to heathen lands;they had no ulterior purpose of financialgain, for the thought had never crossedhis brain that he was, in this spontaneousand almost unconscious way, preparinghimself for gainful occupation.

But he was app roachin g manhood,and I occasionally remarked to luni thathe had so far been acting as though lifehere is a holiday or a visit, when in factit is a very serious matter, and requiresearnest effort to get a good living. Hedid not dissent from nix view of it, butseemed at a loss in deciding for what hewas best fitted.

We had a general merchandise store,and he had experimented enough inselling goods to know that his mindcould not be tied to the business. Cus-

tomers buying tobacco got it at theirOwn price, and shopping women objectedto his habit of stretching elastic tapewhen selling it by the yard. There wasfun in such things, but no perceptibleprofit. He opened the store in the morn-ing while I was at breakfast, and tookhis afterwards. Upon going in onemorning and finding the floor unswept,1 soon saw what had engaged his atten-tion during the half-hour. A magnifi-cent carrier pigeon on the wing. andabove it in colored letters this legend:"How glorious the flight of a bird mustbe 1"

HO\IER C. DAVENPORT. 87


My mind was made up; Homer is anartist or nothing; he shall fly. As apreparatory step, he was sent to the com-mercial college in Portland, which wasof great advantage to him, although hespent considerable time in his lifelonghabit. The principal reported himbright, but not studious of the works invogue, and mildly suggested that book-keeping by double-entry was not, as anile, illustrated by animals, wild or tame.Receiving a letter from me containinga reprimand for his want of earnestness,lie no doubt gave an hour or two toretrospection, and passed in review hisvarious attempts at the employmentswhich afford other men a living, andwisely regarding them as hopeless forhini, he turned to the only thing he coulddo, and applied for a position on theWest Shore, an illustrated monthly pub-lishecl in Portland. The publisher senthim to the head artist, a Mr. Smith, whoeyed the young man rather contempt-uously. "Then you think, Mr. Daven-port, that you have a natural talent fordrawing?" Mr. D , somewhat with-ered, thought he had some. "Do yousee that man across the street, leaningagainst a drygoods box? Draw him."And the artist went down stairs andacross the street to where the leaning in-dividual was, thinking, as he went, thatone egotistical greenhorn waseffectually disposed of. He wassurprised upon his return tofind the greenhorn had finished twopictures, the leaning person and MrSmith. "Where did you take lessons inart?" "I never took any," said Homer.Thinking there was a misunderstanding,he asked, "What art school did you at-tend ?" "I never attended an art school."Mr. Smith slowly and musingly ejacu-lated, "Well, young man, you are eithera liar or a fool." Homer felt let downat such abuse, but I consoled him, say-ing it was the only genuine compliment

he had ever received from a professional,though couched in rough language.

Shortly afterwards I said: "Homer,the fates are against us; we must sep-arate; here is some money, go to SanFrancisco, and, recollect, it is art fronithis on." We had supposed that thehead of an art school would be gladto welcome a young man with such de-cided predilections as Homer hadshown, and be willing, as well as able,to add improvement and give disciplinewithout attempting to destroy his indi-viduality, but in this we were completelyin error. Homer was soon informed thathis art was not art at all, but an uncouthvagary, which must be forthwith aban-doned. Henceforth he must drop hisfancies and draw by scribe and rule; ev-erything must exist in natural, and there-fore proper proportion; expression with-out it is a veritable nightmare, and theboy who would undertake to draw a fig-ure without, in the first place, blockingit in proportion, is a fool from whomnothing excellent can be expected.This lesson was dinned, with so muchrudeness and so continuously, that thebenefit hoped for was impracticable.Homer was too long for the teacher'sProcrustean bed, and, therefore, spentvery little time in that school. As be-fore, the city with it's zoological gardenand heterogeneous population, becamehis school, at which he was not laggardin attendance.

A siege of Ia grippe sent him home,and soon after he got a position on thePortland Mercury, and worked severalmonths for that paper, using star plates,the abomination of all artists. Whileworking there he was sent to New Or-leans to sketch the Dempsey-Fitzsim-mons fight, and made some very cleverdrawings of the combatants.

The short time lie was in the Southwas very valuable, as it introduced himto a new world, and one rich in that tin-

restrained and exhuberant abandon ofthe negro race. He returned with hishead and heart full of it, and for several(lays was oblivious to all surroundingsuntil lie had put into form the queercharacters he had observed away downin Louisiana. He has never producedanything better than the darky preacher,traveling on the train through Texas.engaged in his pastoral work. It wasequal to anything from A. B. Frost, andwith the addition of Homer's humor,which is extravagant enough for any dar-ky, was superb. In sanctimoniousswell, the negro divine far exceeded theRa'insfords and Talmages of the Yorth.Though his plug hat was somewhat bat-tered by long and rough usage, hisclothes seedy and threadbare, and hispatent leather shoes really spurning hisample feet, and grinning with more teeththan a shark, they did not prevent a lugu-brious flow of religious unction, all im-possible to the thin-lipped Caucasian.

If I were inclined, like some of Ho-mer's interviewers, to distrust the forceand persistency of inherited genius. Imight say that if he had not made thatpicture, he would not have obtained hispresent place upon the YewYork Journal, and the con-clusion, would net he as vio-lent an assault upon human nature asmuch that is written about him. Thatpicture was an evidence of his abilityto go up much higher, and I thoughtso well of it that I sent it, with someothers, to C. W. Smith and WilliamHenry Smith, our cousins living in Clii-cago, who received them in the pres-ence of the head of the art departmentof the San Francisco Examiner, and bythe aid of those gentlemen, Homer wasforthwith employed upon the greatdaily. But that was 'only an opportunity,and one so hedged about with unobserv-ing control, that his expressed desireto begin the work to which he is by na-ture best adapted was unheeded. He is ahumorist and caricaturist, but at that

time i\ Ic. Hearst was absent in Europe.and his art manager had either not madethe discovery, or was doubtful of thatsort of work being a paying investment.Being tied up rather sternly, and his petyearnings often rebuked, he went to theSan Francisco Chronicle, where he wasallowed more liberty, and was fairly be-ginning to show how the world of hu-nianitv looks, stretched in the line of itstendencies, when the desire to see the\Vorld's Fair took him to Chicago.

At its close he returned to the Chron-icle, and the MidWintcr Fair coming onsoon after, lie found therein an amplefield for the use of his faculties, and ex-ercised them with but little hindrancefrom the kind and appreciative art man-ager of that paper. At that time lie wasgetting but $35 a week. and when W. R.Hearst rettirned from Europe and tookin the situation by personal inspection,lie saw what all others, managers andartists alike, had failed to see, viz.: Thata caricaturist so affluent in imagination,SO overflowing with distinctly Americanlmmor, so fertile in artistic expedients,and withal so rapid in execution, couldlie put to a higher and more extendeduse than merely making people laugh.The result of i\lr. Hearst's discovery wasthe employment of Homer upon the Ex-aminer at $ioo a week. Everybodyknows the rest. The purchase of theYew York Journal by Hearst, the trans-ference of Davenport to that paper, inwhich the unschooled Oregon boy hasProved himself equal to the ambition ofhis employer.

Anyone visiting him at his home inEast Orange, N. j., will readily see thatalthough lie is no longer a resident ofthe Web-foot state, in respect of charac-ter there has been no change. He worksfrom the small hours in the afternoonuntil near midnight, at the Yew Yorkournal office, in the Tribune building,

Ye\v York city, antI after breakfast inthe morning lie and his two childrenlive in Ins barnvardl, which has a larger

IIOlEk C. I)AVEYFORT. 89


assortment of choice animals than hisfather's had. His rest, relaxation and in-spiration are with his earliest idols. Gamechickens with long pedigrees, from theparks of United States senators and for-eign noblemen, aristocratic bulldogswith immaculate hides and no taint ofcold blood, a beautiful Arab steed, Kou-hishan by name, and a real child of thedesert, with a grace and style worthy hislineage of a thousand years, a Kentuckythoroughbred carriage horse, numerousparks of native and foreign pheasants,civails from the Pacific coast, and carrier

In the early '4os this expression wasused and no one considered it a slangterm. Those who make use of it nowprobably never heard of its origin, and,unlike the pioneer, use it with a very dif-ferent thought in mind. When there islittle if any money in a new country, es-pecially fractional change, traders withtrappers for customers transact theirdealings by the use of drafts, stock in

trade, etc. During the infancy of Ore-gon, coin was a scarce article, and frac-tional coins were almost if not entirelyunknown. When the pioneer began tocome here, coin began to circulate, butthe smaller pieces were insufficient tosupply the demand. As the character ofthe buyers changed, so with the busi-ness of the traders, and something besidedrafts was needed. In 1844 there werebut two places in Oregon which hadgrown beyond the customs of the fron-tier trading post. One of these was lo-

"A POCKET FULL OF ROCKS."

pigeons, suggestive of the legends of hisyouth. To be with these and of these ishis only dissipation.

Every room in the house is ornament-ed with pictures by Nast, Remington,Frost, besides his own pen pictures ofdistinguished men, odd characters bynature, and the abnormal or excruciatingshapes of humanity, the products of so-cial environment, religious mendicantsof Rome, cockneys of London, coloredSouthern gentlemen, unscrupulous polit-ical bosses and less heartless thieves.

T. W. DAVENPORT.

cated at Vancouver and was in charge ofDr. McLoughlin; the other at OregonCity, Governor Abernethy the agent. Thelatter found the small-change question amost perplexing one, and he conceivedthe idea of surmounting the difficulty inrather a novel manner. The Indiansused to manufacture arrow-heads at thefalls out of pieces of flint rock, and fromthe refuse Mr. Abernethy collected a lotof pieces, which he shaped up and gluedaround them strips of paper, on which hewrote the date, the amount of the changeand his name. These were handed outand passed current at his store for thesum indicated on them. One was liableto have a number of them at a time,through various transactions, and it wasno more than natural that "a pocket fullof rocks" became a term of frequent use.We give an illustration herein of one ofthese "rocks," showing their size; asstated, some were worth more than oth-ers; this one was worth 35 cents. Thispiece was presented by Governor Aber-nethy to Hon. S. S. White many yearsago. We have also shown it to severalold pioneers, who recalled using them forchange. And there are others who willno doubt be carried back to memorieslong since forgotten when they view theillustration. It will, however, be a curi-osity to the greater number.

AN INTERESTING LETTER ON THE YAKIMA WAR.Jefferson City, Mo., Jan. 29, 1899.

T. A. Wood, G. C. I. W. V. N. C., Pqrt-land, Oregon:My Dear Sir and ComradeThe world

of letters has always been democratic inthe sense that all upon proof of merit areadmitted to its privileges. I do hope youmay find some merit in mine.

In reviewing the history and events ofany country for a stated time or period,attention should be given to all histori-ans and fiction separated from truth. AsI see it, men with prolific imaginationswrote fiction, while now and then one isfound who wrote truth pure and simple.Often I have been requested by friends towrite up my experience while in Oregon,and especially that part of it that foundme a member of company K, First regi-ment 0. M. V., in the Yakima war of1855-6. This request I have continuallyrefused. The fact is I have nothing togain by so doing. Not many of my oldfriends and comrades in Oregon are nowliving, and the few living do not remem-ber me. I am sure nothing I could writewould flatter them, and I am not inclinedto fulsome praise of any class. Hero-worShipers did not exist in Oregon in1855-6, and its inhabitants had not be-come "Hobsonized" as they are in thiscountry today. If they had been, theworld would have learned much aboutthe First regiment, 0. M. V., and espe-cially would they have learned a littleabout that noble and patriotic band ofFrenchmen, French half-breeds andAmericans of Marion county, who com-posed company K, better known as theG. L. Curry scouts.

As I now remember them they were anoble, brave lot of dare-devils, everready for dutyor battle. Clever fellows,true friends, who would die for a comrade.I admit all the chains that bind me to

91

those old associates and neighbors aremade of beautiful roses. Mrs. FrancesFuller Victor loses the First regiment, ora part of it, near The Dalles, and no traceof company K, after that march from thePalouse country to the Columbia river.My aim now is to locate company K, andkeep it in view until it returns to the Wil-lamette valley and is disbanded in Salemby order of Governor Curry.

After the four days' battle at Laroque'sfarm, in the Walla Walla valley, the Firstregiment went into winter quarters on thedry fork of Touchet river, having foundthe friendly Indians and white settlersfurther up. It is now necessary for meto introduce some history not mentionedin i\'Irs. Victor's work. The reorganiza--tion, the election of Captain Narcesse A,Connoyer as major, the election of Lieu-tenant Revais as captain and the electionof T. J. Small as first lieutenant, all ofcompany K. The settlers, their families,and Howlish Wampool and his band offriendly Indians, were removed to theWalla Walla valley, and First LieutenantThomas J. Small, with a detachment ofcompany K, detailed to guard them dur-ing the winter, which he did. The restof company K remained with CaptainRevais in the main camp. I located thecamp of settlers and Indians on the WallaWalla river, fourteen miles from maincamp. The winter was an extremelyhard one. It snowed and sleeted often,arid in our three tents and thin clothes wesuffered much. Provisions grew scarce,arid many of my men were almost shoe-less, but there was no complaint fromthem. It is true we had bread and frozenbeef and some vegetables during the win-ter. We often satisfied -our hunger -oncamas and corn, with pure mountainsn-ow water, but my men seemed happy,doing camp duty and scouting for In-


dians without a murmur. It was whileguarding the Indians and settlers andtheir stock that the Indians were on araid. Colonel Cornelius warned me tobe on my guard or I would lose all thecommand's horses. Scouts came andreported seeing the Indians drawing off apart of the regiment's horses. In earlyspring I received orders to join the regi-ment and immediately did so, thus get-.ting K company all together again underthe command of Captain Revais, and theTegiment was complete. During the-winter, in storms and snow, and in theindian country, the regiment had builtboats and made arrangements to crossSnake river in the spring of 1856, and re-new our fight on the Indians The newbattalion came up in March, when theboats were loaded on wagons by the oldbattalioncompany K with themandmarched for Snake river, the new bat-talion following. When we came toSnake river we found a small Indian vil-lage. The bucks gave a war whoop andfired shots at us across the river, but wesoon crossed over with a sufficient num-ber of men and horses to disperse them,to burn their village and kill several ofthe Indian beauties We captured manyhorses from them and recaptured somestolen from us. Company K was amongthe first to cross the river and did muchto scatter the Indians. At night they hada scalp or two to show that they had beenin a fight; We camped on the battle-ground until the regiment came up andcrossed over. The next day we spent inscouting the country, trying to locate abody of Indians at any place. I starteddown Snake river with company K andwhen we struck the deep sand my horsegave out and I started to return to camp.I was soon joined by a soldier whosehorse had also given out. We traveledslowly together until we came in sight ofthe river and camp. The trail led us to

the river bank and then up the river. Atthis point six Indians came up the bankwith their guns. I fired on them, pulledmy horse back and ordered my compan-ion to fire. He put spurs to his horseand left me alone, when I jumped frommy horse and kept him between me andthe Indians, guiding him up the bluff.The Indians fired two shots at me andran off. My brave companion reportedseeing me killed on a scout on Snakeriver, and -it was so reported and pub-lished. I am happy to know it was a mis-take, and that my bones are not bleachingon Snake river.

The command then moved on to Craw-fish creek and went into camp. No sup-plies having arrived, we took our firstmeal of cayuse beef, which caused thenew battalion to "buck so strong."Canned roast and embalmed beef had notbeen invented in 1856, and the soldiers ofOregon had to eat horse meat, an articleof diet far superior, but at this time it wasrevolting to many of the men. Thataction of "bucking like an Indian pony,"came near resulting in a bloody tragedythat would have 'startled the people ofOregon and Washington. The murmursof the -men at night became serious onthe morning following. A mutinousspirit was rampant. Members of the newbattalion mounted their horses to returnto the valley. During this time Lieuten-ant-Colonel Kelly was feeling the old-battalion to see if they would stand by-the officers and enforce order. Findingthe old men ready and willing to obeyorders, and to see that others did thesame, the old battalion was formed, gunsin hand, facing the sullen mutineers.Lieutenant-Colonel Kelly then addressedthem, asking if they had enlisted for aMay day picnic or merely for sport. HeinfOrmed them he would bleach theirbones on the prairie if they attempted toreturn. He then -ordered them to dis-

LIEUTENANT SMALL ON THE YAKIMA WAR. 93

mount, which they did. Obedience tothis order saved many lives and the repu-tation of the regiment, all by the gentle,yet firm hand of that noble, brave andtrue man, Lieutenant-Colonel James K.Kelly.

The next day the regiment marchedfor the Columbia river. I will never for-get that march, across a sandy desert.No water, no grass. The first night wecamped at a spring of salty, sulphur wa-

ter that had in it several dead Indianhorses, maggots and filth. We removedthe horses and filth as best we could, andused the water, which turned our horsemeat blue, besides being very disagree-able to the taste, and increased ratherthan diminishd thirst. Early next morn-ing we resumed our march through hotsand and scant grass. "Water, water,oh, for a drink of water," became the cryof every man. Horses gave out, theminds of some of the men gave way.Men walked and packed their saddles andbridles besides their arms. I could seewater everywhere, but none cooled myparched tongue. My mouth was dry andmy breath hot. I did all in my power toencourage the boys and keep them, to-gether. Some that I could trust scoutedfor water, but did not find it. In theevening we came in sight of the Colum-bia river. Welcome sight to half-fam-ished men. The sweetest drink evertaken was the one each man took fromthe Columbia river. Here we campedand drank water, bathed in it and at nightdreamed of it. On this march companyK lost all its horses but sixteen, but nota 'saddle or rope. At this point the com-niand was divided, a portion crossing theColumbia river into the Yakima countryand the remainder marching to the WallaWalla valley. Company K proceededwith the latter and was ordered to re-mount the members if possible, then 'toscout the entire country on its march to

The Dalles. Major N. A. Connoyer,Captain Revais and several others of com-pany K crossed to the Yakima country,and I never met them again. I marchedwith cmpany K down the Columbia tothe m'outh of Snake river. On thismarch we saw a poor Indian seated on arock on the Columbia river. He waswounded in the head and his brains couldhe seen with maggots in them. He waswounded at the crossing 'of Snake riverby our men. After I left him one cf theboys shot him and thus ended histroubles. With company K I crossedSnake river near its mouth and camped,then sent out scouts to see if any Indianhorses could be found. The b'oys werelucky and drove in a band of them, sothat we were soon mounted and ready forduty. We marched to Walla Walla, se-cured of the quartermaster a few suppliesand went into camp for a much-neededrest.

We then scouted the Walla Walla val-ley, found some Indian caches, in whichwere jerked beef, camas and potatoes,crossed over the divide to the Umatillavalley and camped near Fort Henrietta.Scouted Birch and Butter creeks, securedsome horses and a few cattle and had arunning fight with a small roving band ofIndians, then moved to John Day andcamped. Scouted a portion of it andmoved for The Dalles. Having receivednotice from Major Connoyer not to turnover property at The Dalles, and of amovement to keep company K in thefield, I sent there for supplies and movedto Indian creek, thence across the Cas-cade mountains to Foster's, and by slowmarches on to Salem, where I surrenderedstock and equipment, and by order ofGovernor George L. Curry, company Kwas disbanded. In our dirt and ragsthey turned us loose without money orsympathy. Fortunately most of the boyslived in Marion county and had friends or


families to go to. In my poverty I re-turned to Champoeg and found employ-ment. In 1857 I returned to Missouriwhere I have resided ever since.

I hate men and nations who have kindwords only for the dead. Why not bejust and sympathetic while they live, andlaugh while they are dead? The worldand governments never give their defend-ers justice while living, and Indian war

We know its past; the present is with usand the future will be molded as we putforth effort. The contrast between thepresent and what it was fifty years ago is aremarkable one. Inventive genius andscientific research have so changed theconditions that it seems but a dream tothe pioneer, and he can hardly realizethe boon it is to be surrounded by theblessings of the age which progress andimprovement have brought to pass. Hadyou told him back in the early 'sos thatthe .long and weary six months requiredto cross the .plains would in so short atime be reduced to three days he wouldnot have believed you. As he contem-plates the changes wrought by the ironhorse,. electricity and other improvementsand inventions, he is lost in amazement.Great has been the reward of those whobraved privations to reach, claim, buildup and make Oregon one of the grandeststates of the Union. But the pioneer isfast passing away; his work so grandlybegun will be left to more recent arriv-als and to the native born to carry f or-ward. If the industries, institutions anddevelopment of the state are to keep pacewith the revealed sciences and aids toprogress and prosperity, those to whomits destiny, is entrusted must be on the

veterans must learn to do without it. TheEast has the power and pensions onlythose who benefit it. The governmentdid not reward the First regiment, 0. M.V., with much trash called money, and wedid not get our pay from sacred whitehands or more sacred red lips. No suchfools lived in 1856.

LIEUTENANT T. J. SMALL.

OREGON - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.

alert when and where a move for advance-ment of interests can be made. The his-tory of the world reads that no state ornation ever became wealthy which de-pended upon agriculture alone for sup-port, relying upon other countries to pro-vide the products of mechanical industry.Millions have come to us through thesalmon, stock, lumber and mining indus-tries; still, candor will compel all to admitthat our main source of revenue has beenproduced by the tillers of the soil. Shallwe rest content with these and give noheed to the encouragement of manufac-turing interests? MOSt assuredly not; ifwe hope to reach that high degree ofstable prosperity to which we can attain,and which is necessary to place and keepOregon in the ranks of the leaders, wemust begin to foster and support them.The raw materials, in part, we now raiseand we can raise others; what our. soil andclimate is capable of bringing to a stateof perfection are by no means limited invariety, and nowhere can be foundgreater natural facilities for their beingturned into finished products. A peoplewho look out for their own interests willhave wealth at their call and happinessand prosperity will brighten their homesand firesides.

Photo by Browning.

ters "F. P. C."; to this is suspended, by anAmerican flag, a wreath of oaken leavesencircling a log cabin set in a back-ground of royai purple. In the event ofthe wearer being an officer, the emblemof his rank is placed between the flag andthe wreath, as shown in the above, a PastPresident's badge. The letters on thebar are indicative of the cardinal prin-ciples of the order"Friendship, Protec-tion and Charity." "Old Glory," with itsthirty-three stars, indicates Oregon'srank in admission as a state, and the loy-alty of her sons to our country, its main-tenance and support. The wreath, to re-mind the membership of the steady andsturdy manner in which each should per-form the duties incident to the perpetu-ity of the Order and of the Cabin ofwhich he is a member. In the selectionof the cabin as another feature of itscomposition, they have called to mind theobligations which theywhich alloweto the pioneers, who braved the tryinghours and hardships of a long and dan-gerous journey across the plains, that thefairest land under the sun might be madea home for themselves and their descend-

THE REGALIA OF THE NATIVE SONS.

\Ve show here-in the badge orregalia adoptedby the GrandCabin as the re-galia of the Or-der. It consistsof a bar onwhich is in-sc rib ed thewords "NativeSons of Ore-gon"; suspendedto this isasmall-er bar havingthereon the let-

95

antsa land ultimately to become thebrightest ornament in the galaxy of ourUnited States. In the royal purple back-ground it is plain that ro'al birth is out-linedthat the boys of Oregon are de-scended from as noble, brave and trueas any who ever wore a crown. Themotto of the Order is "Klose Nesika lila-bee," the Chinook for "Our Country Isthe Best."

The marguerite has been adopted asthe special flower of the Order, and,though it may not be, as some will tell,1a native of the soil, its claims to being apioneer cannot be denied. Its selectionwas the most appropriate that could havebeen made, for no language could bet-ter portray the purposes of the organiza-tion than is found in its signiflcation"touphold." The lessons of the ritual teach

that the members shouldbe true to themselves,the welfare of the pio-neers, the fostering ofthe interests, institutionsand progress of our

Pboto by Moore state, and to "uphold" itin all ways beneficial.

As yet no emblems have been made,but a committee has the matter in hand,and its report will no doubt be acceptedby the Grand Cabin, when it will be buta short time when Cabins can be suppliedwith them. A portion of the emblem,consisting of the cabin with the letters"N. 0. S." thereon, is being worn as acharm and button. We give an illustra-tion of the button; the background isroyal purple enamel, and the cabin, inrelief, of gold. This is the work of thewell-known wholesale jewelry manufac-turing firm of Butterfield Bros., and anyof the members wanting them can be sup-plied by applying to their local retailjeweler.

OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

The objects of this society are the col-lection, preservation, exhibition andpublication of "material of a historicalcharacter, especially that relating to thehistory of Oregon as a territory and state.For the accomplishment of this end, toexplore all places of deposit of archaeo-logical matter; to acquire documents,manuscripts and publications of everydescription; to obtain narratives and rec-ords of the pioneers of the Oregon terri-tory; to ascertain and preserve the In-dian names ofmountains, streams and lo-calities in Oregon, and their interpreta-tions and significations; to gather andpresrve the Indian traditions relative tothe history of the Pacific Northwest priorto white settlement; to maintain a gal-lety of historical portraiture and an eth-nological and historical museum; to pub-lish and otherwise diffuse informationrelative to the history of Oregon and ofthe original Oregon territory; and ingeneral to encourage and develop withinthis state the study of history. The or-ganization is purely unselfish, and theresult of its labors will be held by it inperpetual trust for the people of the Stateof Oregon, but the control will be at alltimes maintained by the society.

This work was initiated at the StateUniversity and much valuable progresshas already been effected. The presentorganization has been made in supportof the action of the university authoritiesand in continuance of the very com-mendable start which has been made bythem. The society will gather the mate-rial and our historian will be forthcom-ing.

An earnest appeal is made to every per-son in Oregon who has diaries, letters,

96

books, pamphlets, newspapers or anywritten or printed matter whatever, ger-mane to its objects, to generously givethem over to the society, so that they mayall be intelligibly collated and safely pre-served. It is also desired to collect por-traits or photographs of all persons whowere prominently identified with ques-tions affecting the acquisition and settle-ment of the Oregon territory. The soci-ety also purposes to establish and main-tain a museum of objects of historicaland geological interest, and bespeakscontributions to this department of itswork.

The society desires to co-operate onthe most friendly terms with the StateUniversity and other institutions of learn-ing, with the Pioneer Association and thevarious county societies, with the NativeSons of Oregon, and with all other or-ganizations engaged or interested in itsfield of effort. But above everythingelse it desires to arouse an active popularinterest in its work throughout the state.To this end the terms of admission havebeen made such as to open its doors toall, and every citizen of Oregon is earn-estly invited to enroll himself or herselfas a member.

The society is officered by a board ofdirectors consisting of H. W. Scott, F.G.Young, L. B. Cox, Mrs. M. L. Myrick,Mrs. H. K. McArthur, J. R. Robertsonand J. R. Wilson. Mr. Scott is the pres-ident, Professor Young secretary andGeorge H. Himes assistant sectetary.

It is earnestly hoped that every onewill aid the society and that its work willbe a monument which will be lasting,creditable and the pride of all.

THE BOOM AND THE BOOMERANG.

The name Alaska is derived from theAleutian word Alakshak, meaning thecontinent, or large country. It was mod-ified by the Russians into Aliaska, andgiven to the peninsula south of Beringsea. After the purchase of the countryby the United States, Charles Sumnersucceeded in having the name appliedto the entire region. It has an area of577,390 square miles, being equal to one-sixth of the United States, or one-sev-enth of Europe. Its greatest extension,east and west, approximates the distancefrom Pittsburg to Portland Or., whereas,starting west from Portland, Me., whenone reaches Portland, Or., he is but halfway to the western extremity of Alaska,the coast line of which exceeds 11,000miles, and with the islands all consid-ered, it is estimated the extent of coastline would exceed the circumference ofthe earth. The region itself is equal toNew England, the middle Atlantic states,Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Mich-igan, Kentucky and Tennessee, or 70times the size of Massachusetts. It isequal to Great Britain, France, Spain,Portugal, Switzerland and Belgium. Thesouthern limit is in the same latitude asManchester, England, and the northcoast of Germany. Sitka agrees in thismanner with Aberdeen, Scotland, whileDyea and Slcagway are equal to CapeFarewell, Greenland, and St. Petersburg.

A great deal of the early history ofdiscovery in Alaska is veiled in mystery,which in part, probably, accounts for thepopular hazy impression of romance rela-tive to that section. In many ways thisearly history is entwined with that ofthe United States, in a manner but littleunderstood. For instance, the first re-corded proposal to import cheap Chineselabor, was made by Count Razanof in

97

r8o6, with the idea of raising agriculturalproducts in the Russian colonies of Cal-ifornia, for the support of fur hunters inAlaska. At this time Russia claimed theentire coast, from the Arctic ocean to apoint immediately north of San Fran-cisco bay. Baranof, the first and great-est manager of the Russian AmericanCompany, not only pushed the claimsof his country into California, but sentan agent to the Sandwich islands, tosecure their annexation to the Russianempire. Under Baranof's management,Sitka became a town of importance, pos-sessing one of the best-equipped ship-yards in the Russian empire, containingall sorts of workshops and magazines,brass and iron foundries, machine shopsand nautical instrument-makers. Exper-iments were made in the manufacture ofbrick, woodenware and woolen stuffs,from materials imported from California.For this work, skilled labor was broughtfrom Russia. Vast sums of money werewasted in an effort to extract iron froman inferior gra:de of ore. Agriculturalimplements were manufactured here forthe Russian colonists in California, whowere too lazy to use them. Plowshareswere not only shipped to California, butto Mexico. Axes, hatchets, spades andhoes were turned out by these industri-ous mechanics, and bells were cast forthe missions of the Pacific coast, someof which are said to be still in existence.After Baranof's time, activity lagged andwarehouses were filled to overflowingwith unsalable goods. The gold excite-ment in California caused a sudden re-vival of business, and these accumulatedgoods were sold in San Francisco at anenormous profit, besides which a lucra-tive trade was inaugurated in lumber andsalt fish, and a little later, ice was shipped


in large quantities. In 1865 a telegraphline was built to within 350 miles of Sitka,on its way to Europe, vi Bering straitand Siberia This work was being ac-tively prosecuted when the Atlantic ca-ble was finished and declared a success.At the time of the transfer of the countryto the United States, all the employes ofthe Russian American Company weregathered at Sitka, and from that time to1869 they received in salaries from $40,-coo to $5o,000 per month, which wasquickly circulated in the community.There were also two companies of sol-diers, a few hundred American and othertraders, while a man-of-war and a rev-enue cutter were always in the harbor.From September, 1867, to August, 1869,7.1 vessels arrived, aggregating 13,339tons.

The southeastern portion of Alaska isa narrow strip of coast, running northfrom Portland canal, along which arethousands of islands, between which andthe coast is what is known as the insidepassage, through which ocean steamerspass continually. Sitka is located onone of the' outer islands, whereas theother towns are on the inside passage.The northern extremity of this passageis known as Lynn canal, at the ex-treme northern point of which Dyea islocated, while Skagway is several milesbelow. Dyea is an old Indian tradingpost, but Skagway was called into exist-ence by the great rush of 1897. For sev-'eral years preceding this, the specter ofliard times had oppressed the world gen-erally, causing millions of men to becomedissatisfied with their lot, and ready toanswer any call. This was the conditionof affairs in July, 1897, when the steamerPortland arrived in Seattle with a ton ofgold, from the dim and distant north.The ice-locked, mystic, far-away land ofromance and story. Within a few hoursthe news had penetrated the uttermost

parts of the earth, and the whole worldwas preparing for a grand rush to thisnew Eldorado. Railroads were puzzledto handle the business; steamers werecrowded to their utmost capacity, withpassengers and freight, but were unableto carry all that offered. Steamers car-ried more passengers than the law al-lowed, while harbors were filled with ev-ery conceivable craft, from all lands andseas. Some were queens of the deep, andothers floating coffins. Some went downon rocks, and others foundered at sea.Human life was cheap in this wild rushfor gold. Names unheard of before be-came household words"Klondike,"'Dyea," "Dawson," "Skagway."

Probably, for picturesqueness of scene,no point compared to Dyea. Located onan island at the head of Lynn canal, itcontained, in February, i898, about 3,000to 4,000 people, and *as nearly two mileslong. For half a mile north of the tideflats, it was four streets in width, whereasthe remainder of the town was mostly.confined to a long, very narrow andcrooked roadway, known as Trail street,or the Midway, along the sides of whichwere crowded low, rambling, dirty Indianhuts, log cabins, tents, combinationhouses, dirt houses, snow houses, frames,and every conceivable species of habita-tion, including a piece of open ground,used as a dog hotel, where hundreds ofpccr brutes were chained in the cold,howling for a living. Here and therewere great halls, filled to overflowingwith eager throngs of men, elbowing theirvarious ways through the crowd, whileevery device for gambling was run in full.blast. The sing-song' notes of HonestJohn, joined with the click of glasses anddice, the muffled rush of shuffling cards,the low tread of many feet, the quick stepof dancers, the t'racked notes of musicand the laugh of women, combined to addvariety to an already animated scene. The

weather was clear and cold, while a fiercenorth wind blew by day and by night.This narrow, tortuous street was crowdedby every conveyance and nationality.Chicago's Midway was tame beside thisjostling mass of dogs, goats, horses andhumanity, all in deadly earnest, rushingon headlong, regardless of consequences,men thinking only of gold, gold, gold.Like mortal enemies, goats and dogs rushupon each other now and then, scatteringfreight over the ice and snow, while men,and women, too, curse and fight like theother brutes. In the midst of this stirringscene, I watched an Indian boy, with aface wreathed in smiles, dragging a sled,on which was built a tiny house, in theform of a Sedan chair, with little windowsin front, on the sides and in the rear.Peering in I saw an Indian baby's brighteyes, sparkling in a mass of furs andwraps, while the child crowed with de-light. On all sides, rushing like mad,were old men and boys, dapper clerksand hardy miners, saintly mothers andabandoned women, sanctified parsons andkeen confidence men, mothers' darlingboys and escaped convicts, gamblers andY. M. C. A. young men, sure thing menand peddlers of tracts, the Salvation Armyand the army of the unemployed, deadbeats and business men., lackeys andbankers, brilliant intellects and stupiditypersonified, artists and artizans, Ameri-cans, Japanese and Hottentots. All rush-ingto the land of gold and cold.

Many men of many minds,Many maids of many kinds,Hottentots and Japanese,Spanish dons and dorisenese.

Yellow mackintoshes, blue mackin:toshes and caps of curious workmanship.Blankets, furs and other clothes of everyname and color. Women dressed likemen, rigged up as women were neverrigged, before. Some wore close-fittingpants and some wore short skirts and

BOOM AND BOOMERANG. 99

high boots. Some had hats and somewore caps, but nowhere were bonnetsseen. Some drove dogs and some worepacks, but all were busy as the men.Dog teams, goat teams, horse teams, manteams, and queercombination.s of all thesemotive powers, rushing hither and thither,blocking the street, colliding with eachother., fighting, tearing, shouting, swear-ing, madly insane on gold. Everybodyin a hurry, selfish to the last degree, afraidthe other fellow would get there first. Un-mindful of .the rights of others, out forthe almighty dollar and determined to getit. Away from home and kindred ties,and willing to resort to any swindle, anydeception to gain a point. Restless,sleepless, working n.ight and day, with adesperate determination to make money,and make it quick. In deadly earnest tocatch a will-o'-the-wisp. In this motleycrowd were men who ha.d held up theirhands and solemnly sworn to dischargetheir duties as officials of the government.Scarcely were the oaths taken when theybegan devising ways and means to usetheir official positions for private gain.Offices were sought and bartered away,merely as a means of illegitimate profit.Grafting was reduced toa science, and theprofits divided in a manner best calculatedto protect the trade. A law prohibitingthe importationof intoxicating liquorsmade the smuggling of whisky the lead-ing industry. Hundreds of saloons wererun with wide open doors, and patronizedby officials whom the government paid toenforce the laws. Every liquor-dealercontributed hush money or took the con-sequences, which consisted in beingraided, having his stock confiscated andhimself fined for violating the law. Let-

ters were sold by postmasters, and a snugrevenue derived. The postmaster atDyea sent thousands of letters to LakeTagish, in British territory, and left them


with anagent tobe dealtout on the shares,at o cents a letter. Government offi-cia'ls were looked upon with suspicion,for complaints about such shameful pro-ceedings were sure to be ignored, thuscreating the impression that higher offi-cials were sharing in the profits. Coin-plaints at Washington had no effect, andthe graft remained defiant, protected atthe eastern end of the line. Senators andcongressmen used their influence to re-tam corrupt officials and law became amockery.

From Dyea the trail runs north,through a small valley that soon narrowsto a deep canyon. Then comes a desper-ate winter climb, hrough regions of per-petual snow. Here were thousands ofexcited argonauts, crowding and jostlingeach other on that memorable Sundaymorning in April, when fifty men and twowomen were caught in the great ava-lanche and swept into eternity. Over theice, over the summit, defying the fearfulArctic blasts, pressing on to Lake Lin-derrnann, where the first waters drain offto the Yukon. Here thousands stoppedto build boats and prepare for the journeyto Dawson. Like a cyclone the crowdswept by the new-born city of Dyea;up the canyon, past Sheep Camp to thefoot of the great climb. Here every faceis raised to the summit and solemnly thethrong moves in single file, rising pain-fully, step by step, each man watching hisneighbor in front and crowding into histracks. On every upturned face is a fixedexpression of an indefinable vision; alooking into the beyond as it were, a farawayglamour of men treadingthe borderof spirit land. Slowly they move up thatwall of ice, bearing burdens they couldnot have borne at home. At last thesummit is reached and packs placed onthe snow. Some there are who must re-turn for other goods, for, you know,these men are beasts of burden, freighting

over the mountains. To return, a mansits on an icy slide, raises his feet, thereis a sudden "swish"and with a glassyou see him picking himself up atthe bottom. One hour up and oneute down.

Night and day the work of buildingcontinued, through the bitter cold of win-ter. A dreary wilderness was suddenlytransformed into a busy, bustling city,.teeming with humanity. Whole blocks' ofground, without buildings or tents, wereuse'd to store thousands of tons of freight,while multitudes of restless men andwomen thronged about, clamoring fortheir property. Real estate climbed upfrom nothing to London prices; then asteamer touched the dock with thirty-fivepassengers instead of 600. Instantly theboom was off. It was too late to standfrom under. Princely fortunes disap-peared and men of means found them-selves penniless. In the morning a lotwa 'valued at a thousand dollars, but atnight a thousand cefits measured its value.Paralyzed and stupefied, men ceased theirscramble, and glared at each other inbreathless astonishment; then for the firsttime in' the history of the Kiondike rusu,ceased labor altogether, gathered in littlegroups and inquired of each other, "Whatdoes it mean?" Qnickly this great multi-tude melted away, and could it havegrown, grass would have covered thestreets. The ring of hammers ceased,and buildings were vacated, deserted.Quaint signs superseded signs of pros-perity. Nailed to the door of a desertedsaloon were soon displayed these words:"The fool and his money are soon parted,and God's country twelve hundred milesaway." On au old gambling hall, whereexcitement had run high, was this notice:"It was all a dream. Busted and gone tohell." At the crossroads a finger-boardwas erected with this inscription:

To Sheep Camp..............i miles.To Canyon City 9 miles.To Skagway 6 miles.To God's Country i200 miles.To Hell ......................6 inches.

The process of occupation by Indianssoon began. A great wooden hotel andlot were bought by them for $6o. Theymoved in, occupied the second story andamused themselves by pulling the win-dow shades down to see them rush to thetop. When broken they made goodkindling. Old bucks and klootchmenswung out of the upper windows like chil-dren, used the partitions and bedsteadsfor firewood and chased each other upand down stairs. After a time the nov-elty of living upstairs wore off, and allhands moved below. Desolation fol-lowed quickly on the heels of mush-room prosperity, and "the deserted vil-lage" took the place of "a celebrated city."

While thieves and cutthroats flourishedin these wild and troublous times, still itis true that many a rich cache remaineduntouched, although unguarded. Sev-

er.l times a correspondent passed overthe summit, and each time noticed a tent,around which lingered six dogs, but therewas no other sign of habitation. Finallyhe made inquiry, and found that threeweeks before a stranger set the tent overhis outfit and disappeared, since whichtime nothing had been heard or seen ofhim. The correspondent went to Juneau,visited a friend in the hospital, and toldhim of his trip to the lakes. At this pointa stranger asked if he had noticed a tentand six dogs on the summit.

"Yes.""That is my outfit. I came to Skag-

way, intending to return next day, buttook the spinal meningitis and here Iam."

After several weeks of illness, he re-turned to the summit, to find the neigh-bors had fed his dogs and his goods wereundisturbed.

Below Lake Lindermann come the rap-ids leading to Lake Bennett. These rap-ids are dangerous, and lives have paidthe forfeit of running them. On a little

BOOM AND BOOMERANG. 101

plat of ground overlooking them, rises aknoll, upon which is a rude wooden cross,marking a lonely grave. During all thewinter months, rough-clad goidseekersreverently attended this home of the dead,and kept it free from snow. Seek an ex-planation, and this is the story you wouldget: Early in the Klondiike rush ahard-working man sold his little home inthe East and started out to get his for-tune, leaving wife and children behind.He arrived in Dyea with over half a ton ofprovisions and a good outfit, but with nomoney to pay for transporting his goodsover the summit. With true Americangrit he started in to do the work himself.The rainy season was on in the valley,and snow storms raged over the summit,but encouraged by isions of a happyhome and a reunited family, he wadedthrough mud, defied the snow and cold,climbing to the summit and descendingto the foot of Lindermann, thirty milesdistant, where his goods were cached.Back and forth he passed, cheered bydreams of the waiting ones at home. Atlast his task was finished, the outfit wasat the foot of the lake, and he began theconstruction of a cabin in which to livewhile the lumber for a boat was sawed byhand. After this slow and laboriousprocess, the boat was completed andloaded with his worldly possessions.Lightly he pulled into the stream andstarted over the rapids, but in a momentthe wild waters dashed him upon a rock,wrecked his boat, and all was lost. Sadlyhe retraced his steps to the summit,wheremany weary days were spent in the drudg-ery of packing for pay, until sufficientfunds were accumulated to buy a new out-fit, which he again carried on his back tothe lakes. Profiting by bitter experiencehe made his cache at the foot of the rap-ids, where all his goods were finallystored. Again the lumber was sawed byhand, and a new boat constructed to carry


him to Dawson. A day came when thelong task was finished, the boat was com-plete and the outfit snugly stored upon it.Everything was in readiness for an earlystart on the morrow. Brightly tie daybroke, and with a light heart he ap-proached his boat to begin the last longpull for Dawson. Alas, for his cherishedhopes, every pound of goods had been

AN EFFECTIVE IMMIGRATION ASSOCIATION.

For many years an immigration boardhas been maintained in Portland, the pur-pose of which was to advertise, not Port-land, but the state of Oregon, its re-sources, climate an general advantages.That the purpose has been well servedgoes without saying. Every inch ofOregon's broad domain has been bene-fited, because the advertising done in thepast has brought new people into thestate with new money, new energy andnew enterprise, who have invested in va-rious ways and have contributed in nosmall degree to our progress and devel-opment. That advertising our resourceshas brought men of means into the statewho have become permanently locatedhas been demonstrated over and overagain. The same is true of capital.Therefore, that advertising pays, alldoubt has been removed from the mindsof those who have cared to investigate.Two factors are pre-eminently essentialto the development of our resources andthe establishment of new enterprisespeople and capital. If we create a de-mand for our products and a market forour vacant lands, we must increase ourpopulation, and capital followsinvaria-bly follows. The most densely popu-lated states of the Union are the wealth-iest, and there you will find manufactur-ing industries the most prosperous. Butall the money that has been expended in

stolen in the nigtht, and he was again leftdestitute, this time with winterciose uponhim. Slowly he climbed to the top of thelittle knoll, took one parting look at therising sun, then sent a bullet crashingthrough his brain.

That is why the goidseekers reverentlyapproach this lonely grave and keep itfree from snow.

W. G. STEEL.

the past for advertising our resources hasbeen paid to immigration bureaus by thecitizens of Portland. Interior cities anddistricts have been urged to contribute atintervals, hut have never done so.

The money which Portland expendedbrought her a good return, but the stateat large received the lion's share. It isa source for regret that our recent legis-lature did not give this important matterconsideration. A state board has been,by law, appointed, hut a ship tied up,while an ornament, perhaps, is of novalue. The funds needed for the workwould not be felt as a tax upon our tax-payers, and the results accruing would, ifcomiputed as interest on the appropria-tion, soon make the principal look like amole-hill pushed up to obscure a view ofMount Hood. The people of Washing-ton are never laggards in this respect.Three important cities of that state andmany towns have contributed their prorata of expense for the purpose of attract-ing capital and increasing the population,and that they have succeeded and are suc-ceeding every one knows. The point hasbeen reached now where it is aisolutelynecessary for the entire people of Oregonto join hands and co-operate in this workif the supremacy of the state's manifoldadvantages is to be maintained. Whatare you going to do about it?

EUGENE D. WHITE.

A lady, occupied a whole year insearching for and fitting the following38 lines from American and Englishpoets, the whole reading as if it was byone author:Why all this toil for triumphs of an

hour?<Young.Life's short summerman, is but a

flower;(Dr. Johnson.By turns we catch the fatal death and die

(Pope.The cradle and the tomb, alas! so nigh.

(Prior.To be is btter far than not to be.(Sew-

eli.Though all man's life may seem a trag-

edy ;(Spencer.But light cares speak when mighty griefs

are dumb,(Daniel.The bottdm is but shallow whence they

come.(Sir Walter Raleigh.Your fate is but the common fate of all;

(Longfellow.Unmingled joys here no man befall;-

(Southwell.Nature to each allots his proper sphere.

(Cosgrove.Fortune makes folly her peculiar care;

(Churchill.Custom does often reason overrule

(Rochester.And throw a cruel supshine on a fool.

(Armstrong.Live wellhow long or short permit to

heaven.(Milton.They who forgive best shall be most for-

given.(Bailey.Sin may be clasped so close we cannot

see his face.(French.Vile intercourse where virtue has not

place.(Somerville.

CURIO FLOTSAM.

LIFE.

103

Then keep each passion down, howeverdear.([iompson.

Thou pendulum betwixt a smile andtear.(Byron.

Her sensual snares let faithless pleasureslay.(Smollet.

With craft and skill to ruin and betray.rabbe.

Soar not too high to fall, but stoop torise ;(Massinger.

We masters grow of all that we despise.(Crowley.

Oh, then, renounce that impious self-es-teem ;(Beattie.

Riches have wings, and grandeur is adream.(Cowper.

Think not ambition wise because 'tisbrave(Sir Walter Davenant.

The paths of glory lead but to the grave.(Gray.

What is ambition? 'Tis a gloriouscheat.( Willis.

Only destructive to the brave and great(Addison.

What's all the gaudy glitter of a crown?(Dryden.

The way to bliss lies not on beds of down.(Francis Quarles.

How long we live, not years but actionstell ;(\Vatkins.

That man lives twice who lives the firstlife well.(Herrick.

Make then, while yet ye may, your Godyour friend.(William Mason.

Whom Christians worship, yet not corn-prehend.(Hill.

The trust that's given guard, and to your-self be just.(Dana.

For live how we may, yet die we must.(Shakespeare.

On Tuesday afternoon of May i6, oneof the objects of the organization of Na-tive Daughters was very feelingly as wellas patriotically carried out, and that is topraise and commend all worthy or heroicdeeds. of Native Sons and Daughters ofOregon. This being the anniversary ofthe departure of our soldier boys to Ma-nila, the following resolutions were read:.

Whereas, The existing condition of affairsbetween the United States and a foreign ele-ment during the past few months made itnecessary to appeal to American patriotismand American honor; and,

Whereas, Among the first to arise in thestrength of their noble manhbod, and to offerthemselves as a sacrifice in defense of theflag of their country, and among the firstto fall in line equipped and ready for battle,were native sons of Oregon; and,

Whereas, We recognize the laurels they havewon for themselves, their state' and theircountry; therefore,

Resolved, That we, as Native Daughters, onthis anniversary of the departure of our sol-dier boys, show on the records of today'ssession, that we remember sacredly the timewhen they marched away: that we have neverceased to possess a deep interest in their wel-fare; that we have heartily applauded in thetime of victory. sorrowed in the hour of theirsickness and distress, and mourned with thosewho mourned.

These resolutions were carried by arising vote. All remained standingwhile Miss Kathleene Lawler, with a vio-lin and piano accompaniment, played byMisses Bessie Wemple and Lola Hawle,sang the "Star Spangled Banner."

The Native Daughters of Portland ex-tend to all ladies born in this state ahearty invitation to come to the reunionof pioneers, of June 15 and participate inthe parade. Headquarters will be at theTabernacle, Twelfth and Morrison

S

NATIVE DAUGHTERS.

MRS. ELIZABETH WEATHERRED.

104

streets, where all pioneers and nativedaughters will be welcome

Mrs. Edyth Weatherred is secretary ofthe Portland preliminary organization,and will furnish information to any nativedaughters residing in outside townswho will write her, care Native Sons'Magazine.

Abernethy's Cabin has shown the Na-tive Daughters many courtesies, all ofwhich are duly appreciated.

Committees on reception and enter-tainment of the pioneers at the Taber-nacle have been selected, to act in con-junction with those of the Native Sons,and every care will be taken that no oneis overlooked, but all done to make thetime pass as pleasant as possible for them.

Everything is moving along as rapidlyand smoothly as possible in connectionwith the preliminary arrangements,toward permanent organization of the

,Native Daughters. The delay is due toa desire to await the actions of the grandcabin, which convenes on the 13th of-June. Some steps will be pushed for-ward at such time, in way of a getting upa ritual and promulgating other neces-sary matters, incident to a beginning ofthe work: Portland will start out witha membership of about i o at least, andshow a lively increase as time passes.From the meetings held heretofore andthe interest shown and the popular favor'given them, the future is well assured.All want tO be enrolled as charter mem-bers.

The Native Daughters of JunctionCity have effected a preliminary organi-zation, and will be ready to begin per-manent work as soon as the grand cabinis heard from.

Matters relative to the annual reunion,the twenty-seventh, of the Oregon Pio-neer Association, are progressing veryfavorably. From the outlook it will bemore largely attended than any held inprevious years. Many pioneers havepassed away during the past year, butdistance, time and other circumstancesdid not permit of the greater number ofthem identifying themselves with the as-sociation; still when one of them, no mat-ter where he lived, paid nature's debt,those surviving dropped a tear in remem-brance of a hero or heroine who hadpassed away.

All who are not members of the associ-ation are urged to become so, as far aspracticable this year, the fiftieth sincethe United States assumed territorialjurisdiction over the Pacific Northwest,all at that time being embraced within theboundaries of Oregon.

The secretary of the association re-ceives inquiries from the Eastern statesconcerning the possible whereabouts ofrelatives who came to Oregon duringthe early days of its settlement, andthrough the records he is enabled to givethe information desired. Often, how-ever, all effort is fruitless, owing to thelarge number who have never enrolledthemselves as members.

The general committee on arrange-ments for the grand cabin has just com-pleted arrangements with the SouthernPacific Company for the followinground-trip rates over the company's linesfor June 13, 14 and 15, returning fromPortland on any regular train on or be-fore the morning or evening of the 17th;Medford* $429.00lWoodburn ....$ 57.60Ashland 443301 Corvallis 155.20Grant's Pass... 415.8011ndependence 121.60Roseburg ......277.2OJMcMiflnville* 80.00

PURPLE AND GOLD.

105

Eugene*Junction City*OaklandAlbany*BrownsvilleWest StaytonSilverton*Salem*Gervais . 62.401

These rates are for carloads of sixtypeople. Any point named herein canobtain a car by raising the sum desig-nated and placing such amount in thehands of the local agent of therailroad company. The car will be fur-nished by the company at such time asdesired on the dates named. It will benecessary, of course, for some one at therespective points at once to take hold ofthis matter, arid make arrangements asspeedily as possible, as the railroad com-pany will have to arrange for coachesand print a special ticket for this excur-sion, and must have reasonable time inwhich to do these things.

Cabins are located at all points indi-cated by a star, and Native Sons areexpected at these points to takecharge of this matter and fill thecars as nearly as possible with Pio-neers, Native Sons and Daughters.At other points, where no cabins are lo-cated any Pioneer, Native Son or Daugh-ter can take this matter up; but, ofcourse, are expected as nearly as possibleto bring only the class of people abovenamed. These rates are certainly suffi-ciently low to permit all Pioneers, NativeSons and Daughters, and especially allmembers of subordinate cabins through-out the state to attend the grand cabinexercises at Portland, Or., on the i3thand 14th, the grand encampment of theIndian War Veterans on the 14th, andthe Pioneers', Native Sons' and Daugh-ters' reunion on the 15th.

172.20] Dallas*154.0O]Sheridan253.60Newberg128.00IDUndee153.5OlHillsboroio5.6oLafayette73.601 Turner84.801 kurora*

*

ioo.8o91.2041 .6o

44.8033.6054.4096.0044.80


The grand cabin at its first'annual ses-sion, will convene at Elks' hail, at iio'clock Tuesday, June 13, and will beomposed of the present grand officers

and delegates of cabins throughout thestate. Under the constitution all mem-bers in good. standing in subordinatecabins are permitted to visit as guests thegrand cabin during its session.. Thebusiness of the grand cabin will continueover the i3th, the evening of the i3thand the 14th, until 6 P. M. On theevening of the i4th an entertainmentwill be given under the auspices of thegrand cabin at the Marquam Grand the-àter, public to Pioneers, Native Sons andDaughters, and attending delegates uponthe grand cabin. Native talent only willbe used at this entertainment. Hon. T.T. Geer, a charter member of Abernethy'sCabin, and the first Native Son governorof Oregon, will deliver a short address onthat occasion.

After the entertainment a banquet willbe served at Brandes' restaurant to thegrand officers and delegates in attend-ance upon the grand cabin and invitedguests. The morning of the 15th, Pio-neers' day, will be heralded by strains ofmusic and the assembling of Native Sonsand Dughters at the Tabernacle build-ing, corner Twelfth and Morrison streets,which will be decorated with evergreens,flowers and colors of the order. At thisplace, during the morning of the 15th,the Native Daughters will serve refresh-nients and coffee for the Pioneers, and theFirst Regiment band will furnish a concertfrom 9 until 12. This is to be the homeand general rendezvous of Pioneers, In-dian War Veterans, Native Sons andDaughters until they march to the Ar-mory, where the programme of the StatePioneer Association will be rendered.The Native Sons will form a guard ofhonor to the Pioneers in their march tothe Armory, and will turn out in full

force in a grand parade, under the chargeof John W. Minto, grand marshal of thegrand cabin, assisted by the marshals ofthe subordinate cabins throughout thestate as aids. Nothing will be left un-done by either the Native Sons orDaughters to give out statebuilders, thefast-passing pioneer, a cordial and earn-est reception on this Pioneer day in theyear that marks the semi-centennial his-tory of Oregon.

*June 14th will be the date of meeting

of the grand encampment, Indian WarVeterans, and as the meeting will be oneof the greatest importance to veter-ans all of them that can possibly attendshould do so. This will be the fifty-third anniversary of the first Indian warin Oregon. The wives and daughters ofthe veterans of Portland will furnish afine dinner for all connected with the so-ciety on the afternoon of the i4th. Thesession of the encampment will be held inG. A. R. hail, likewise the dinner given.Those who are entitled thereto and .whohave not yet made application to GrandCommander T. A. Wood for a copy ofthe history of the Indian wars of thestate, which was recently published bythe state, should do so at once or securethe same while attending the grand en-campment. It is claimed that there areinaccuracies in the volume published andall desire correctness; if veterans willsend in their stories of the wars, then andthen only will the full resume of whatoccurred be known and claimed errorsrectified. Another volume will beprinted givingother data and pagespoint-ing out differences of opinions in rela-tion to these wars. Remember the vet-erans all, you are getting older day byday, and if you don't forward your manu-script soon it will not be long before itis too late to do so and valuable contri-butions to history will be lost. Specialattention is called to the following:

Among the more than eorthy actsperformed lately can be mentioned thegift of a piece of property, valued atabout $20,000, to the Homeopathic Med-ical Society for hospital purposes, andthe presentation to the Thompson publicschool of a piano and a library of some340 volumes, together with suitable casesfor them. Both of these gifts were frompioneers; the forther was the generousoffering of Hon. H. W. Corhett and thelatter came from Hon. D. P. Thompson,for whom the school was named.

The Native Son is in receipt ofsketches from several of the native-hornboys of Oregon. A set illustrating someof the early incidents of Homer Daven-port's life, will be found in the biograph-ical sketch of him in this number. Theyare the work of Sammy Gellert. Someof his sketches Homer has seen, and hasadvised Sammy's parents to the effectthat if they will give him an opportunitythat he will make a name for himself.We also have some sketches drawn byFred Cooper, of McMinnville, whichshow great talent in the caricature line,

Among the very many kind notices wehave received from the press, not only ofOregon, but elsewhere, we copy the fol-lowing from The Lantern of i\Jay 5,i8cç. It does full justice to the pioneer,to what should be done in way of en-deavor along the line of the history ofthe state, and to our aim to accomplishthe much-needed end desired:

"The Native Son, a magazine devoted tothe interests of the native sons and daughtersof Oregon, and the sturdy pioneers, who,footsore and weary, wended their ways beyond'the States,' an builded an empire 'in the in-numerable woods,' which Bryant peopled withthe dead alone, whose efforts made it possibleto erase 'the Great American Desert,' that in-

NESIKA WAWA. 107

NESIKA WAWA.

almost every stroke of his pen fairlybristling with a story without words.We endeavored to have them reproducedfor our magazine, hut could not do so be-cause the lines were drawn so fine thatthey would not stand a reduction andshow half of them. Both of these boyswill be heard from in the ftiture, for theyare born artists.

Hon. L. F. Grover sailed from Phila-delphia late in December, i85o, on a ves-sel commanded by Captain Isaac A.Bray, of Newburvport, Mass. The ves-sel was owned in Newburyport, but waschartered to carry a load of goods fromPhiladelphia to San Francisco. Duringthe voyage the captain showed to Mr.Grover a British sailing chart of the Pa-cific coast, supposed to have been pub-lished about 1790, on the margin ofwhich was printed, opposite the Oregonof later years, substantially the followingwords: 'This coast is called Origan,from the Origanum, which is found inthe interior." If a copy of this chartcould he found it is not improbable aflood of light would he let in on the dimhistory of the name.

tervened between the people of the Atlantidand those of the Pacific, from the maps of ourcountry, now lies before us. The magazineis typographically and artistically perfect, andits pages are replete with articles of heretoforeunwritten local history and Indian legendsfrom the pens of many noted native writers,and embellished with the counterfeits of thecountenances of many of the state's notedpublic inert. It is Pill time that steps shouldhe taken by those horn and raised in our noblestate to organie, as they are now doing, intohands of sociality and fraternity. It is fulltime that an effort should be made to expungefrom the records the foul aspersions whichhave been cast upon the noble men and\vonien who, almost leaving hope behind, car-ned the banner of civilization, liberty andChristianity into the wilds of Oregon, eclucat-


jag the savages to peaceful pursuits, and driv-jag the wild beasts of the forests before them,to make way for the cabin of the husbandman,that he should 'tickle the soil until it laugheda crop.' The hair of those who were to thecabin born, and the first epoch in whose liveswas marked by the time in which they grew'big enough to pull the latch string,' is alreadyfrosted by implacable Time, while their fath-ers and mothers, who have not already solvedthe great problem of the hereafter, are stoopedby the same relentness agency to the heightof the latch, and are pulling on the string forentrance into the great eternity. It is fulltime that the epitaph of the pioneers shouldbe written; and the history which they havemade should be justly recorded. Those whoacted have passed away; but those who sawand knew, and who in the circle of eachyear's growth bear a remembrance of somehardship endured or act of heroism and brav-ery enacted by their sturdy parents, shouldstand up manfully and speak. Such appearsto be their purpose, and the magazine be-fore us is their selected organ. May its wordlysuccess be measured by its efforts to searchout the truth and record it."

We are also in receipt, among others,of the following:

New Whatcom, Wash., May 17.Native SonPublishing Company: I am delighted with the

The half-tone portraits we publish willnot all he as perfect portraits as we shouldlike, but this cannot be helped, on ac-count of the poor quality of material wesecure to work from. A good, clear-cutphoto of a first-class subject will pro-duce a good half-tone, but a photo notwell taken, or taken from a crayon, paint-ing, or enlarged from a small photo willnot be any better than the original.

The grand cabin adopted as a uniforma beaver hat, shaped like the militaryhats usually worn for parade purposes.It is hoped that all will secure them, sothat those in line of march or in Portlandon the i3th, 14th and 15th will have a ds-tinctive mark and will be at once known

new magazine, and I sincerely regret that Iwas unable to send you a contribution to yourfirst number. I shall do so as soon as pos-sible, and shall be glad to help you all I can.

When it comes to the erection of a homefor the society, I hope most earnestly thatit may be a Grand Cabin in realityas grandas you please, but built of logs and finishedin native woods, with big fireplaces and his-toric "cranes" and shovels and tongs and"grub boxes," etc. It could be made large,beautiful and picturesque, and stand forever,in memory of those who are proud to havebeen born in a log cabinas I am. Yourssincerely, ELLA HIGGINSON.

Kiamath Agency, Or., May 19.Native SonPublishing Company: Thanks are due somefriend for the initial number of the OregonNative Son, a publication which promises tosupply a long-realized want. The preserva-tion of true historical data in regard to earlytimes upon the Pacific coast, is well worthythe earnest efforts of the sons and daughtersof the noble men and women who plantedAmerican settlements, under circumstances oftrial and danger, many of which have neverbeen adecuately told. The society of theNative Sons of Oregon and its organ havemy heartfelt wishes for prosperity and suc-cess. Very truly yours,

0. C. APPLEGATE.

by all. These hats cost but very little.They are on sale at Will Wolf's, 208 Mor-rison street, and will be at the cabin and

grand cabin. All wanting them shouldpurchase at once, so as to insure a cor-rect fit. First come, first served.

Daniel H. Lownsdaie was the pioneertanner of the state. One of his sales wasto F. W. Pettygrove, to whom he tradedleather valued at about $,000 for thepresent site of the city of Portland.

Ex-Vice-President Thomas A. Hen-dricks was an applicant for the positionof United States district judge of Ore-gon, at the time the late Judge Deadywas appointed to the office.

MRS. MARY RICHARDSON WALKER.

Mrs. Walker was born at Baldwin, Me.,April r, i8is. Her parents, Joseph and Char-lotte (Thompson) Richardson, came of oldAmerican families, and for several generationswere prominent members of the Congrega-tional church. The Thompsons were orig-inally of Scotch descent, the ancestry beingtraceable back for upwards of two hundredyears. Count Rumford was of this familystock. Judge D. P. Thompson, the author of"The Green Mountain Boys," "Lock Ams-den" and "May Martin," was a second cousinof Mrs. Walker's. Both her grandfathers wereRevolutionary soldiers, Daniel Thompsonfalling in the second day's skirmish at Lexing-ton. Miss Richardson's parents both had agood education. Her mother was of an in-tensely religious nature. Her father was a manof sterlingworth, and had an original and prac-tical turn of mind, which the daughter in-herited.

There were eleven children in her father'sfamily, but the eldest child died when Marywas about three months old, leaving her theoldest of the remaining children. She re-ceived a good education at the Maine Wes-leyan seminary, at Reedfield, Me., which shefinished when about 20 years of age, afterwhich she taught school until about the timeof her marriage. She joined the Congrega-tional church at about 20, and six years after-wards offered herself to the American board asa missionary and was accepted. At first shewas to go as a single lady missionary to Siam,but before it was time to leave, she becameacquainted with Elkanah vValker, a then re-cenf graduate from the Bangor theologicalseminary, whom she married March 5, 1838.Previous to this marriage it was the intentionof the board to send them to the Zulus ofSouth Africa, but a war in that country be-tween two Zulu chiefs delayed their departure.In the meantime, in the latter part of 1837,Mr. W. H. Gray came with a message fromDr. Marcus Whitman and Rev. H. H. Spald-ing, who had come out to Oregon as mission-aries the year previous, for more helpers.They readily responded to this call, and start-ed the day after their marriage, on a bridaltour that did not end until they reached Dr.Whitman's station, August 29. 1838. havingtraveled about 3,500 miles. The journey from

BIOGRAPHICAL.

109

the Missouri river over a trackless wilder-her the courage to face unknown dangers,hardships and trials incident to a trip to Ore-ness was made on horseback, or, rather, forMrs. Walker, on muleback, for the Indiansstole her pony soon after leaving the aboveriver. The winter of 1838-39 was spent at Dr.Whitman's, where Cyrus H. was born, Decem-ber 7, 1838. Here they learned to know howhorse meat tasted.

March 5, 1839, just one year from her mar-riage, they left Dr. Whitman's and went 150miles further north, to Tshimakain, where themission among the Spokanes was located.Here one daughter and four sons were born.This was her home until in the spring of 1848,when that mission was abandoned on accountof the Whitman massacre the November pre-vious. Nearly two years were spent in Ore-gun City, or until the fall of 1849, when thefamily removed to Forest Grove, which washer home until her death.

The summer of 1871 she accompanied hehusband on a visit to their New Englandhomes, after an absence of 33 years. She wasleft a widow by the death of her husband,November 21, 1877. During the greater partof the succeeding years her affairs werelooked after by her youngest born, SamuelT. In later years of her life her mind wassadly clouded, requiring patient and evenheroic watchfulness, that was faithfully ren-dered by her sons, Samuel T. and Levi C., shedying at the home of the latter. She waswidely known as "Grandma Walker," andwhen her death took place, December 5, i8p',the sad news was swiftly heralded all overthe North Pacific coast. She was laid to restbeside her husband and two sons, who hadpreceded her, on the 59th birthday of her eld-est born. The funeral discourse was deliveredby Rev. Myron Eells, in compliance with herrequest, made some time previous to herdeath. She was the last to die of the mission-aries sent out by the American board, thelongest on the coast, and the oldest whencalled from earth.

.4

MRS. MYRA FAIRBANK EELLS.

Mrs. Eells was the daughter of Joshua andSally Fairbank, and was born at Holden.Mass.. May 26, i80. At the early age of T3she made a profession of religion, and all

110 OREGON NATIVE SON.her future was guided by such act, givinggon in its wild and savage state in 1838. Shebecame acquainted with her future husband,Rev. Cushing Eells, while he was teachingschool in her native town, and on March ,

1838, they were united in marriage. On thenext day they started for Oregon, where Dr.Eells had engaged to go as a missionaryamong the Indians. Only two womenMrs.Whitman and Mrs. Spaldinghad ever madethe trip before, in 1836, and in the companyof which they were a part,was Rev. E. Walkerand wife, Rev. A. B. Smith and wife, Wm. H.Gray and wife, and Mr. C. Rogers. The mostof the trip from the Missouri river was madeon horseback. They arrived at Waiilatpu inAugust, 1838, and there spent the winter withDr. Whitman. In the spring of 1839 they, withRev.Mr.Walkerandwife,who were their asso-ciates until 1848, went to their mission station,Tshimakin, among the Spokane Indians. Up-on the massacre of Dr. Whitman, they movedto the Willamette valley. They both taughtschool for a short time at Abiqua, and in1849 removed to Forest Grove, where theyhad accepted a request to teach in what wasthe beginning of the now well-known Tuala-tin Academy and Pacific university. In185ithey removd to Hillsboro, and in 1862 toWalla Walla. Here the plans were laid for thebuilding up of Whitman college, in memoryof his co-laborers. In 1872 they removed toSkokomish, on Puget sound, and there, onAugust 9, 1878, she passed away, at the ageof 73 years, leaving behind to mourn herloss, her husband and two sons, Edwin andMyron, and friends in all sections of thePacific Northwest, who recognized in her atrue Christian woman, a firm friend and alovable companion and neighbor.

MRS. MARY AUGUSTA GRAY.This pioneer mother was born January I,

j8io, her maiden name being Mary AugustaDix. During her early life she received aneducation which, togther with her appearanceand manneis,. fitted her for the most politesociety. In addition to these accomplish-ments, she was a humble and consecratedChristian, at all times endeavoring to spreadsunshine among those. with whom she camein contact, and had a word of cheer and hopefor those in trouble. In 1838 her hand wasgiven in marriage to 'William H. Gray, whocame across the plains, in 1836 with Dr. Whit-

man, and who had returned to the East forreinforcements for the mission, which hadbeen established in Oregon by the doctor andhis associates. The marriage took place at'Champlain, N.Y., on March 5, 1838, and almostimmediately they set out for the scene of theirlabors, a labor for the Master among theIndians, a work which entailed a long andweary six months of travel across the plains,one of self-denial, banishment from home, itscomforts, associations and benefits; an under-taking that required fortitude and bravery toaccomplish. The party arrived at WaiilatpuSeptember ,i, 1838. After 'a short sojournthere she accompan.ied her husband to theLapwai mission. Here Mrs. Gray enteredheartily into the work of teaching the Indianwomen and children. Of the latter there wasfrom 50 to ioo, whom she taught under apine tree during the fall, and until a logschoolhouse was built. ' This is described asa puncheon-seated, earth-floored building,"

and here she taught her pupils until March,1839.

In the fall of 1839 she left' for the Whitmanstation with her husband and infant son in aChinook canoe, paddled and steered by twoNez Perces Indians.. They remained there,Mrs. 'Gray assisting Mrs. Whitman in teachinguntil i8, when they came to the Willamettevalley. Later they removed to Clatsop plains,where they resided for several years, andfinally settled in Astoria. Wherever theywent they strove to' advance the kingdom ofChrist, and exerted a decided influence 'inthe cause of education, temperance and benev-olence.' In 1846 they assisted in forming thefirst Presbyterian church in Oregon, withRev. Lewis Thompson and Mr. and' Mrs.Condit, at Clastop Plains. (Clatsop churchorganized September i, i86.)

Judge J. H. D. Gray, of Astoria; CarolineA. (Mrs. Jacob Kamm), of Portland; Mary S.(Mrs. Frank Tarbell), of Tacoma; Sarah F.(Mrs. William Abernethy), of Dora, Coos

'county, Or.; Captain William P. Gray, Cap-tain Albert \V. Gray and Captain James T.Gray, of Portland. are children of Mr. andMrs. Gray, a family which occupies leadingand respectable positions wherever they areknown.

In 1870, after an absence of 32 years. Mrs.Gray, accompanied' by her husband, returnedto New York for a visit, going by steamerto Sn Francisco, and thence by rail to NewYork. One can imagine their sensation as

they were rapidly whirled over the groundwhich they had crossed so many years beforeso slowly and laboriously.

On the 8th of December, i88i, Mrs. Graydied at her home on the Kiaskanine farm,aged 71 years ii months and 7 days.

Her husband survived her until November14, 1889, when he closed his eyes in death, toreopen them and stand beside the faithful wifeand mother who had gone before, and receivefrom the Master that crown of righteousnesswhich is bestowed upon all true Christians.

CAPT. ORRIN KELLOGG.Captain Orrin Kellogg was born at St.

Albans, Vt., in 1790. His ancestors were ofRevolutionary stock. In i8ii he was marriedto Miss Margaret Miller, who died at Milwau-kie, Or., August 22, 1858. The fruits of theUnion were 12 children, of whom four areliving, as follows: Captain Joseph. Elijahand Jason, in Portland. and Edward, nearMedford, Or. In 1812 he removed to Canada;and, the war between Great Britain and theUnited States breaking out, he, as an Ameri-can, was not allowed to return until afterhostilities had ceased. While thus detained,the eldest of his children, Joseph. was born.By action of congress, this child, in commonwith others in like circumstances. was stillregarded as a native citizen of our nation.After the war he moved back and settlednear where Lockport, N. Y.. now stands. butsoon moved further west to the state of Ohio,and made a home on the Maume river. In184 he made up his mind to come to Oregon.and removed to St. Joseph, Mo., to makeready for the trip. By May. 1848. all wasready and the journey began After reach-ing some distance on the plains, he met JoeMeek, who was on his way East, and fromhimlearned of the Whitman massacre and ofthe Cavuse war. This intelligence somewhatsobered him, and would have been the meansof turning back many men, but, nothingdaunted by it, he continued his journey, pre-nrinm if nei-essarv. to fip'ht his u'av to hisdestined home. Fortunately, however, hereached Oregon without molestation. One ofthe pioneers in the train of which he was amember, was B. P. Cornwall, since known asone of the wealthy men of California. To himhad been intrusted by the Masonic grand lodgeof Missouri, a charter for a subordinate lodgeto be established in Oregon. On his arrival atFort Hall, be concluded to give up coming

BIOGRAPHICAL. Uito Oregon and go to California instead. Hetherefore placed the document in the keepingof Mr. Kellogg and his son Joseph, whobrought it through and established Multnornahlodge, No. i, the first Masonic lodge in Ore-gon; in fact, the first lodge of any kind in-stitutecl on the Pacific coast. This fact makesnotable the year 1848, and also the Kelloggfamily. Soon after reaching Oregon City, Mr.Kellogg took up a donation claim, locatedbetween that place and Milwaukie, and, al-though advanced in life, set about with greatvigor to build up a new home, and it was notlong before he had one of the best farms andhomes in the territory. He was one of thefirst to begin fruit culture on a large scale,and built and operated one of the first tanner-ies established. Captain Kellogg was a manof great liberality, never stinting his hospital-ity to travelers and strangers, and as for hisfriends, they always found the latch string onthe outside of his door, indicative of heartywelcome. He gave attention to navigationon the lower Willamette and Columbia, beingthe first of the remarkable family of rivercaptains hearing his name. Upon the open-ing of Yaciuina bay to commerce andnavigation by his son, Dr. George Kellogg,he accompaniedtheexpedition and contributedvery largely to its success. He died in Port-land, February 14, 1873. All in all, CaptainOrrin Kellogg was a man of robust characterand sterling worth, one of that class of menwhose energy, fairness and goodness are of theutmost value in the formation of a common-wealth, and make it pleasureable to live inafter the ball has began to roll.

CAPT. JOSEPH KELLOGG.Captain Joseph Kellogg was born June 24,

1812. in Canada, though by action of congresshe is declared to be American born. The cir-cumstances will be found in the biographicalsketch of his father. Captain Orrin Kellogg,in this number. The most of his life up to1847 was passed in the state of Ohio, leadingthe life of a farmer. In 1844 he met and mar-ried Miss Estella A. Bushnell, a young ladyof noble character, who was born February 22,i8i8, at Litchfield, N. Y., and whomoved to Ohio in 182o. Mrs. Kellogg stillsurvives to bless his home. In 1847 he caughtthe western fever, and made one of the partyof which his father's family were members,to rendezvous at St. Joseph. Mo.. expectingto begin their I onrnev in the spring follow-


ing. In May, 1848, the march was begun,and after an uneventful trip, though troublewith the Indians, who were reported to beon the war path, was looked for, they arrivedat Oregon City in the following fall. Hetook up a land claim near Milwaukie, andat once began that career of activity whichhas made him one of the foremost businessmen of the state.

With Lot Whitcomb and William Torrencehe platted the town of Milwaukie and built asawmill. He also built for the firm a schoon-er, which was loaded with produce from theadjacent farms and taken to CIifornia, wherethey sold both schooner and cargo. In thespring of 1850 they commenced the construc-tion of the first large steamer built in Oregon,and known as the Lot Whitcomb, which waslaunched on Christmas day, with great lea-tivities and rejoicing. In the midst, of theexercises, however, a cannon exploded andkilled Captain Morse, master of a ship lyingat Milwaukie. The business of the firm pros-pered, a flooring mill was built and two brigswere kept busy carrying lumber to Sacramen-to, where it was sold at $200 per i000. With-drawing from the firm of Whitcomb, Kellogg& Torrence, he formed 'a partnership withBradbury & Eddy, with whom he put up theStandard flour mills, for many years the mostextensive in Oregon. About 1857 he becameinterested in the construction of a telegraphline from San Francisco to Portland. Hewas also interested in the construction of theold Macadam road from Portland to the WhiteHouse, the first of its kind built in theNorthwest, and still the best road out of Port-land. About 1864 he united his efforts withthose of the People's Transportation Com-pany, and superintended the construction bythat corporation, of the basin above the fallsof the Willamette, which stands today as amonument to his engineering skill. CaptainKellogg began with Captain Pease the naviga-gation of the Tualatin river, with the littlesteamer Onward, and constructed the canalfrom that river to Sucker lake, making itpossible to bring freight to Oswego from theWillamette. In connection with this enter-prise, he bought the ground and platted thetown of Oswego, then made an agreementwith the Iron Works Company, by which theywere able to resume business. In 1870 thePeople's Transportation Company sold out toBen Holladay, and the Willamette Transpor-tation Company was formed, of which Cap-

tam Kellogg was vice-president and a directorHe subsequently sold his interests in this cO'nlpany and formed the Joseph Kellogg Trans-portation Company, composed of himself, hisbrother and his sons. Under his direction thesteamers Joseph Kellogg and Toledo werebuilt, and operate on the Cowlitz river routeto Toledo, 40 miles from the Columbia river.Although nearly four score and ten years ofage, he is still hale and hearty, and is activelyengaged in business in this city.

MAJOR THEODORE I. ECKERSON.MRS. ELIZABETH ECKERSON.

* Major Eckerson joined the United Statesarmy more thai fib years ago, and, afterservice in Florida in the Seminole Indian waifrom 1840 to 1843, served in all the battleaof the Mexican war except Buena Vista. Forthese services he afterward received' his firstappointment as a commissioned officer. Hissecond commission was given him on therecommendation of General Ulysses S. Grant,then commanding the United States armies,from his headquarters at City Point, Va., un-der whose eye Major Eckerson's Mexican warservice had been performed, which reads asfollows, the original now being in the major'spossession, and highly treasured by him:

"Headquarters, Armies of the United States,City Point, Va., February 3, 1865.TO thePresident of the United States: I most' heartilyapprove the application of Theodore J. Ecker-son for the appointment of assistant quarter-master in the regular army. He has servedfor more than 25 years in the army, and hasmaintained a high character. He is veryefficient and well acquainted with the dutiesof almost every department of the service. Iknow him personally, and can vouch for whatI say of him. He will make an excellentquartermaster to have on the Pacific coast,where he has been long and favorably known.

"U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant-General."His third commission (that of major) came

in due course of promotion.Major and Mrs. Eckerson arrived at the

mouth of the Columbia river May 8, 1849,after a voyage of six months on board theUnited States steamship Massachusetts, andlanded at Fort Vancouver on the 15th of thatmonth. Here he established and taught thefirst American school north of the Columbiaafter the boundary treaty with Great Britain,a school for children of the various Indian

tribes having previously been carried on in theHudson's Bay Company's fort; and here,whilein charge of the United States ordnancedepot, he furnished, in 1855, upon his ownauthority, the arms, ammunition and accoutre-ments to the governor Of Oregon (Curry) forthe Oregon troops in the then Indian war.Strange to say, this action of his received nonotice in the work recently printed under theauthority of the legislature, nor is any refer-ence whatever made to the source whencethe troops procured their arms. This omis-sion is to be corrected in a future edition,and, in the meantime, it is considered properto subjoin here an extract from an articleprinted in the "Oregonian" on the subject ini888. The "Oregonian" of June i6, i888, thusrefers to the invaluable service rendered byhim to Oregon and Washington in the Indianwars of i85:

"Major Eckerson did excellent service forOregon in her early days of trial and danger.He had charge of the ordnance depot at Van-couver during the period of the greatest In-dian troubles, and took the responsibility,without orders from Washington, and againstthe rernonstrances of General Wool, to sup-ply arms and ammunition upon the requisi-tion of the governors of Oregon and Wash-ington territory, for the use of the people.In this he rendered an invaluable service thatnever will be forgotten. Without the arnis andfixed ammunition, defense would have beenextremely difficult, and aggressive war uponthe Indians impossible. The temper of Gen-eral Wool was such as to make the matterone of serious difficulty to Captain (nowMajor) Eckerson, but he took the high posi-tion that there was no need of a depot ofarms here unless some use were to he madeof it for the protection and defense of thecountry."

The major holds medals and diplomas fromthe Grand Army of the Republic, the Mexicanwar, the Loyal Legion, 15. S.; Sons of theAmerican Revolution, Society of ForeignWars, and Indian wars of the North Pacificcoast. In i888 he was elected an honorarymember of Multnomah camp, No. 2, IndianWar Veterans, and, at the meeting of saidcamp in 1898, was unanimously elected as firstlieutenant. Himself and wife are also mem-bers of the Oregon Historical Society.

Major Eckerson was born January 22, 1820,and, though now in his 8oth year, retains hismental facilities to their full, and moves

BIOGRAPHICAL 113

about like a man of 50. He was united inwedlock November 2, 1848, with Miss Eliza-beth McCabe. She was born in Monaghancounty, Ireland. The writer of this, whoknows her well, has found a description suit-able to her in an article contained in a prom-inent Eastern magazine, reading as follows:

'The women of the Celtic race have no su-periors in point of general comeliness, purityof life and healthy femininity. To integrity ofconduct they add a cheerful and sympathetictemperament, which enables them to surmountall trials and to brighten the places whereinthey find a home."

It may readily be concluded from this thatas a wife, a mother and a friend she has,in the 50 years just past, well filled her placeas a true pioneer.

Four sons and two daughters were born tothe major and wife. Of them, one died atAstoria, two received commissions from Presi-dent Grant in the army, one is an employein the postoffice department at Washingtoncity, and both daughters became the wives.of army officers.

CHARLES POPE.

Mr. Pope was born at Plymouth. Eng1andAugust 23, 1807. In ,8i8, vliile still a youthof 12 years, he moved with his parents toNew York, where he engaged with his fatherin the cabinet-makers' business. On Novem-ber 21, 1832, he was married to Miss SarahE. Archer. Three sons and four daughterswere born to them, the youngest of whom isa native daughter, and all of whom lived tomaturity. In i8i he thought that the Oregoncountry offered inducements which NewYork did not afford, and he set sail with hisfamily for this coast. The vessel on whichhe took passage rounding Cape Horn, con-sumed 153 days in reaching the Columbia. Asthey passed up the Willarnette, Portland wasyet so much in its infancy that little or nonotice was taken of it, but the vessel wentonward to Oregon City, its cargo being con-signed in the main to Abernethy & Clark, whowere then running a general merchandisestore there. Not being able to reach suchplace on account of the shallow water, theirbelongings were transferred by barges, as wasthe ship's cargo. There the family was madewelcome by the Abernethys, Mrs. Abernethybeing a sister of Mr. Pope, and who hadcome to Oregon with her husband in 1840.i\'Ir. Pope soon formed a partnership with aMr. Ralston, and under the firm name of Pope


& Ralston, they carried on a general merchan-dise business for a number of years. He wasa leading member of the Methodist Episcopalchurch, and was prominent in Odd Fellow-ship. After the dissolution of the firm ofPope & Ralston, he formed a partnership withhis sons in the hardware business, under thename of Pope & Co. He remained activelyengaged in its management until his death,which occurred June ii, 1871. Mr. Pope wasalso treasurer of Oregon City. His wife sur-vived him until September ii, 1893, when shepassed away. They were pioneers who wererevered and loved by all who knew them,keeping open house for their friends, andnever turning the deserving from their door.Of their sons, the eldest, Charles W., dieda few years since; William H. is living inPortland, and Thomas A. is a resident of Ore-gon City. Of the daughters, Mary S. (de-ceased) became the wife of Dr. R. H. Lans-dale; Annie E. (deceased) became the wife ofJ. W. Laswell; Eva became the wife of GeorgeA. Steel, and Georgie the wife of J. W. Mel-.drum. *

CAPF. SETh POPE.-A lineal descendant of ancestors who set-

tled at Plymouth and Sandwich soon after thePilgrim Fathers came in 1620, was born inFairhaven, Mass., October 6, 1803. Hisfather and grandfather both took part in thewar of the Revolution, and were present atthe battle of Bunker Hill. His oldest brotheralso served in the war of 1812. The subjectof this sketch began to follow the sea in 1817,and soon arrived at the head of his profes-sion, commanding ships in the European andSouth American trade. Later he owned hisown vessels, and, engaged in the West Indiatrade, visiting all but three of the inhabitedislands. On the breaking out of the Cali-fornia fever, he loaded his brig, the Non-pareil, and sailed from New Bedford. Janu-ary JO, 1850, for San Francisco, arriving inJune. Disposing of most of his cargo, hetook passengers and freight for the Columbiariver,- arriving at Astoria about October i;proceeding up the river to St. Helens, he sentfreight and passengers in small boats to Ore-gon City. He then erected the first framehouse at St. Helens, from material broughtby him around the Horn, and began a gen-eral merchandise business, keeping his brigin the lumber trade, in the command of W.F. Brewer, whenever he remained ashore. Hefinally sold his vessel in 1854, taking up a

claim near St. Helens, He was the first post-master at that place, and during the followingyears served as county judge for a period of12 years. His health becoming impaired, heremoved to Portland in 1883, to be near hisson, Seth L. Pope, and died there July 23,i886, and was buried in Riverview cemetery.

- Captain Pope married when a young man,and the union was blessed with a family oftwo sonsSeth L. Pope and William H. Po.pe,both of whom now reside in Portland; bothare well known and leading and honorablecitizens. Mrs. Pope died when the youngestson, William H., was about three years of age.

*WILLIAM HENWOOD POPE.

Mr. Pope ws born in Fairhaven, Mass.,April ii, 1839, his parents being Seth andMary Pope. When but three years of agehis mother died, and from that time until heleft for Oregon, he lived with his uncle and inboarding schools in his native town and inNew Bedford. His father was a sea captain,and came on one of Itis vessels to Oregon in1850, and through this his sons, Seth L. andour subject, were induced to come here. Atthis time the latter was 14 years old.The brothers left their old home in 1853, andafter a long trip around Cape Horn, arrived atSt. Helens in 1854. After arriving there Mr.Pope secured a situation as clerk in a store.which he held until i86o. In i85-6, duringthe Indian wars, a blockhouse was built therefor the protection of the settlers in case ofattack, and though he was too young to gowith those who went to the war, he watchedtheir homes and firesides, with others, whilethey were absent, by performing guard duty.In i86o he went to Olympia. He was thereemployed in the recorder's office until i86i.when he received the appointment of clerkand interpreter of the Tulalip Indian reserva-tion: better wages being offered. he went toVancouver and then to The Dalles. In thespring of 1863 he was appointed quartermas-ter's agent, and was placed in charge of themilitary supply station, located on the Snakeriver at the mouth of the Palouse, all govern-ment supplies destined for points beyond, pass-in-g through his hands. He had as a garrisona non-commissioned officer and five privates.In the fall of that year the post was aban-doned, w'nen he went to the Sound. He wasassist.'int clerk in the house of representativesdurinu the winter of 1863-64. He interestedhimself in the hotel business for a short time -at Walla Walla, mined in the Coeur d'Alenesand in Montana. In 1867 he entered the em-

pioy of the First National Bank of Idaho forseven years. He then went to San Franciscoand engaged in the real estate business.After two years' experience, which was verysatisfactory, he again started traveling, visit-ing Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado.In 1892 he returned to Oregon, and in 1895he was appointed auditor of Multnomahcounty by the County court; this position hestill retains, giving the utmost of satisfactionto all. Mr. Pope is unmarried.

MELVIN CLARKE GEORGE, LL. D.Judge M. C. George is the third son of

Presley and Mahala George, pioneers of 1851.He is a gentleman of brisk mental qualitiesand great force, with refined, popular attain-ments, and an honorable reputation that ex-tends to every corner of Oregon. He wasborn in Noble County, Ohio, May 13, 1849,and at the early age of two years came acrossthe plains with his parents to this State, mak-ing him a pioneer and in feelings a native son,as his first recollections are of being here. Hereceived his education in the public schoolnear his father's home, near Lebanon, at theSantiam academy and at the Willamette uni-versity. He began independent life as prin-cipal of the public schools of Albany, and sub-sequently of the academy at Jefferson. Hewas for some considerable time engrged as ajournalist, but abandoned such pursuit for thelegal profession, and was admitted to the barin 1875. He was early brought into politicalprominence, and was elected as a republicanstate senator from Multnomah county in 1876.In i88o he was elected representative to con-gress and re-elected in 1882, being the firstcongressmanfromthe state to serve twice con-secutively, or a second term tip to such time.At the close of his second term he declined toconsider a renomination. In i88 he waschosen professor of medical jurisprudence inthe medical college of Willani ette university.retaining the position for ahotit o years, whenlie resigned. He was elected without opposi-tion a member of the board of directors forthe public schools of Portland for five years,and in the same year received the honorarydegree of LL. D.. from the leading universityof the state. In June, 1891. he was appointedby the circuit judges of Multnoniah circuitcourt, pursuant to an act of the legislaturc. amember of the bridge commission of Portland.On the death of Judge Stephens as circuitjudge, he was appointed to the vacancy by

BIOGRAPHICAL. 115

Governor Lord, and elected to succeed him-self at the election held in June, 1898.

Judge George is an able lawyer and influ-ential in public affairs. As a private citizenlie is respected and esteemed for his uprightconduct and genial manners. He was marriedin 1873 to Miss Mary Eckler, and has threechildren now living.

CAPT. GEORGE POPE.Captain Pope was born in Aberdeen, Scot-

land, November 7, 1840. In his early life hismother died and he went to live with hisgrandfather. \Vhile with him he was sent toschool and acquired a good education, as liewas very studious and allowed nothing tointerfere witl his studies. At the ageof 12 years he entered a shipbuildingestablishment, remaining in that employuntil lie was 17, gaining a thoroughknowledge of naval construction. Hisfather caine to the Uuited States severalyears before he did, and became one of theearliest railroad engineers in the state of NewYork. Through this means he heard ofAmerica and the opportunities here for youngmen, and he niade tip his mind to try his for-tunes in a new country. He therefore fixedupon the Pacific coast as the most desirablelocality, and to it lie came, locating in SanFrancisco, and engaged in business with hisuncle, Roger Pope. who was an argonaut toCalifornia. In the summer of 1856 he cameto Oregon, and was for some time connectedwith the survey of government lands. In 1860lie vent East. and the Rebellion breaking outhe entered the Union army and was sent tothe Brooklyn navy-yard. where his knowledgeof naval construction was at once recognized.He was then transferred to the line and con-tinued to remain on the vessels of war untilthe close of the Rebellion. The Anchor lineof steamships offering him the command ofone of their vessels he entered their employ.plvin o letiveen New York and Glasgow. In1872 he issociated himself with a hrother andthey built a ship For the Portland and Sand-wich islands trade. hut after they had sailedher around Cape Horn and reached Portlndthe firm of Corhitt & Macleav induced themto sell her to them. He then entered the em-ploy of that firm and made some 2ç trios tothe islands, when lie concluded to remain onshore. He then onened in office as s11ii)')1nageilt. and by energetic and satisfictorydealings with shipowners. he soon olitiined avery lucrative business. He represents


Lloyd's, in the construction department, forboth Oregon and 'Washington.

Upon the formation of the naval battalionof the state, he was chosen lieutenant, whichrank he continues to hold. He is the seniormember of the firm of Pope, Anderson & Co.,of Portland, shipping and commission agents.

*JOSEPH D. LEE.

Joseph D. Lee was born in Polk county,about one mile northwest of where Monmouthnow stands, on July 29, 1848, his parents hav-ing come to Oregon the previous year fromIowa. His boyhood days were spent on afarm, during which time he attended' school.He 'completed a partial course in the La Creoleacademy of Dallas, after which he sometimesassisted in his father's' store, sometimesworked on the farm and at others teamed be-tween Dallas and Portland. In 1870 he wasappointed postmaster of Dallas, but resignedafter three years' service. In 1872 he wasmarried to 'Miss Eliza Alice Witten, a gradu-ate of Willamette university, who, previous toher marriage, was a successful teacher in theuniversity of Washington. In 1878 he waselected to the legislature from Polk county,and in i88o was elected to the state senate,serving in that body four years. During thelatter year he was a leading spirit in securingthe extension of the narrow-gauge railroad toDallas, which line has since been made astandard-gauge road.

In 1883 he and his wife accompanied theOregon pioneers on their famous Eastern tripover the Northern Pacific railroad.

At the expiration of his term as senator forPolk county, he was elected joint senator forPolk and Benton counties, serving four yearsin that capacity, thus making ten years ofcontinuous service in the legislature. Prob-ably no other man in Oregon has ever repre-seated his native county continuously in thelegislature for a full decade.

In' i886 he moved from Dallas to TheDalles in the hope of improving his daugh-ter's health. During his residence in the lat-ter place a large portion of his time was re-quired looking after interests in the vicinityof Portland. In 1891 he bought a dry goodsstore in East Portland, and in 1892 removedto the East Side, where his famil still resides.In 1893 he sold his mercantile possessions andwas appointed deputy clerk of the municipalcourt, in which capacity he served until 1896.

In the fall of that year he canvassed the statefor McKinley and Hobart. In the autumn of1897 he received a proposition from theChamber of Commerce of Portland to repre-sent that body in cities east of the Rockies inan effort to dirct Alaska business via Port-land. This work kept him busy betweenPittsburgh ancL Denver until the spring of1898, and was very successful in many wa,s.Immediately after his return he engagedactively in the state campaign, and after theelection he canvassed Western Oregon, secur-ing products for the industrial fair. At thespecial session of the legislature called inSeptember, i8g8, he was chosen reading clerkof the senate, and was re-elected at the regu-lar session in January last. On April I, 1899,he became superintendent of the Oregon peni-tentiary, by appointment f Governor Geer.In addition to the usual duties of that responsible position the last legislature made it theduty of the superintendent to build seven milesof road by convict labor, which work 'isalready under way. He is one of the origi-nal incorporators of the Native Sons of Ore-gon, and now holds the office of first vice-president in the grand cabin. He also belongsto the Masons, Odd Fellows, Woodmen oithe World' and National Union. Mr. Lee'slife has been a busy one, full of kind wordsand deeds. He is blessed with an accom-plished, faithful wife ,and a happy family, towhom he is deeply devoted.

FRANKLIN CALHOUN BAKER,

Frank C. Baker, 13th state printer of Ore-gon, was born in what was formerly Wash-ington county, now Multnomah, Oregon,June i8, 1854. His' father, W. W. Baker, emi-grated from Wapello county, Iowa, in i8o,and came directly to Oregon; his mother,Frances Isabel, accompanied by her brother,Theodore Hackney, coming three years later.Mr. Baker attended the common schools dur-ing his early youth, obtaining an ordinaryeducation, and in 1867 gained his first knowl-edge of "printer's ink," as he designates it,while in the employ of E. S. McComas. atLa Grande, Oregon, in the office of the Moun-tain Sentinel. After learning the printer'strade, he was employed on the Baker CityHerald. Silver City (Idaho) Avalanche, andsubsequently on the Boise City Statesman.He finally returned to Portland, where heworked at his trade, principally in the employ

of H. L. Pittock. In r886, while serving histhird term as president of Multnomah Typo-graphical Union, one of the leading labororganization of Oregon, and while engagedwith his father in the publication of the NorthPacific Rural Spirit, he was nominated for theoffice of state printer by the republican stateconvention. This nomination was made inresponse to an unanimous request by theunion printers of the state. He was electedby an overwhelming majority, and in 1890 wasrenominated by acclamation and re-elected byan increased majority over that accorded himon his first election. His administration wascharacterized by prompt attention to businessand universal courtesy to his associates andthe public in general. He enjoys the distinc-tion of being the first state printer to succeedhimself in office.

Mr. Baker is a shining light in the Masonicfraternity, being a member of all its variousdegrees. He is a past sachem of the Im-proved Order of Red Men and a past exaltedruler of the Elks. He is at present interestedin various enterprises, both in California andhis native state.

RIDGE GEORGE BURNETT.Judge Burnett was born in Yamhill county,

Oregon, May 9. 1853, and was educated atMcMinnville college until 1871, when he en-tered. Christian college at Monmouth, andgraduated in the classical course, with degreeof A. B., in June, 1873, after which he studiedlaw with Mallory & Shaw, in Salem, beingadmitted to the Oregon bar in December,1875, and subsequently to the United Statescircuit and district courts. In June, 1876, hewas elected district attorney of the third judi-cial district and served for two years. In1890 he was elected grand master of Odd Fel-lows, and in 1891 grand representative to thesovereign grand lodge, at which time he se-cured the session of that body for Portland in1892, during which year he was elected circuitjudge of the third judIcial district and wasre-elected in 1898.

Judge Burnett is a typical representative ofthat noble species of manhood known as theself-made man. Throughout his entire lifehis success and popularity have been due toan indomitable will, and a broad mind filledwith knowledge by unremitting toil, togetherwith a heart full of kind impulses, and goodwill to all mankind. In youth and early man-hood, physical necessities united with thirst ofknowledge, taxing his strength and time to

BIOGRAPHICAL. 117

acquire both, until he considered himself acommon laborer by occupation, but a lawyerby profession. Industry and constant applica-tion, however, have earned their own reward,until he is recognized as one of the ablestrepresentatives of his profession in the state.

JOHN C. LEASURE.

Mr. Leasure was born June 9, 1854, inMarion county, Oregon. His education wasobtained in the public schools of that county,and in those of Eugene, where his parentsremoved in z868. In 1870 he was left to carveout a future by his own exertions, by reasonof the death of his parents, Out being endowedwith energy and determination to make some-thing of himself that would be worthy ofeffort, he began life's battle. His first workwas that of a farni hand, then an employe ina tannery. Feeling that he must be more thana manual laborer, he resolved on further edu-cation in order to fit himself for a more prom-inent station. He entered Philomath college,Benton county, paying his tuition by actingas janitor,andearned his board by doing workon a near-by farni. In 1875 he started toEastern Oregon. expecting to teach schoolthere. On arrival at The Dalles, his meansbeing limited, he could not spare funds forriding, and he bravely set out for Baker City.250 miles away, on foot and walked the entiredistance. He taught school in Baker countyfor ten months, and with his earnings resolvedto further educate himself. With this viewhe returned to Philomath and resumed hisstudies, graduating in 1877 with high honors.From this time until i88o he taught school invarious places, the last engagement beingpresident of the Blue Mountain university, lo-cated at La Grande. In his leisure hours hestudied law, and in January, s880. was ad-naitted to the bar. He located at Pendleton,and at once had a lucrative practice. Whenthe Hunt system of railroads was inaugu-rated, the management, recognizing his abil-ity. engaged him as counsel of the corpora-tion and elected him vice-president thereof.This position he retained for two years. Hewas mayor of Pendleton for two terms, and apresidential elector in 1884. He was alsoprominently identified with the Young Men'sRepublican League of the state, and was forsix years vice-president for Oregon of theNational League. In 1894 he removed to

118 OREGON NATIVE SON.Portland, where he at present resides, and, asbefore, his legal attainments receive due rec-ognition.

Prior to July, 1898, the native sons of thestate had made several attempts to get to-gether in permanent organization, but theefforts were futile on account of lack of lead-ership. At such date Mr. Leasure, withothers, made another attempt, organi±ing agrand cabin, and he was selected as the firstgrand president thereof. He set about to en-thuse his associates, and under his direction,in the main, they soon had a large subordinatecabin in Portland, the organization of whichwas quickly followed by others in varioussections of the state, until i cabins were in-stituted within seven months, with a member-ship of about 1,200, and many others at thiswriting are about ready for institution. Whatthe Native Sons and also the Native Daugh-ters of Oregon are, and will no doubt becomeas societies, the credit will be largely due tothe pluck, planning and push of John C.Leasure.

As a lawyer he has no superior as a readyspeaker; as a man he is one whose characteris without blemish. Personally he is con-genial, kind and charitable and holds the un-qualified esteem and respect of all.

He was married in i88r to Miss Annie L.Blakley, a granddaughter of Captain JamesBlakley, an Indian War Veteran and Pioneerof 1847.

SAM L, SIMPSON.

When the bard is surrounded by environ-ments which serve to bring him into notice,the ladder of fame is not a difficult climb, butthe plowboy, the mechanic and child of thepioneer are not so favored, and it is seldomthat the world awakens to full appreciation oftheir rhymes, until long after they have paidnature's debt. Then slumbering acknowledg-ment comes to life and erects with bronze inmemory of him whom it is their delight tohonor. In the dim vista of coming time ourprophetic vision sees memento grand on whichis read

From the Cascades frozen gorges.Leaping like a child at play,

Winding widening through the valley,Bright Willamette glides away;

Onward ever, lovely river,Softly calling to the sea;

Time that scars us, maims and mars us.Leaves.no track or trace on thee.The author whose name heads this sketch

was born in the state of Missouri. October io,1845. When still a babe he came across the

plains with his parents, who were pioneers ofi8. His folks settled in Oregon City, andafterwards lived mainly in Marion and Polkcounties. In early days the district school-houses were the log-cabin class. These heattended until he was about r years of age,.when, in company with his older brother,Sylvester, he was sent to Wiliamette univer-sity, graduating there with the degree of A.B. in 1876. Studied law and was admitted tothe bar in s868. Practiced law in Corvallisuntil 1871, when he became editor and ownerof the old Corvallis Gazette (lately deceased),and, unfortunately, left law for journalism.Was married to Miss Julia Humphrey in i868,two sons, Eugene and Claude, being the fruitof the marriage. Since 1871 has been most ofthe time engaged as a writer on various pa-pers in Oregon and Washingtonwritingpoetry at oddtimes in a desultory way. Hisfirst verses were published in the P. C. Advo-cate (Portland) when he was attending schoolat Willamette university.

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Designers, ((J, :1. t1)OnlSOfl $ O.Zinc Etchersandhalf Cone Photo iO5 FIRST STREET, .

ngrauersBetween Stark andiSitS Washington Streets.... Portland, Oregon. t

When Dealing With Our Advertisers, Please Mention the OREGON NATIVE SON.

.

.....S.S

3 A CHOICE OF THREE DIRECTROUTES t

San Time nd Money i,y Traveling via the ,e- -

Reaches1t farms, mines, timt.

Quick con

SAN FRAN

Through Pulim

For handsome

Portland City TicketThird a,.d WaTelephone Ma

Street.

IV OREGON NATIVE SON.

When Dealing With Our Advertisers, Please Mention the OREGON NATIVE SON

J. P. FINLEY & SON TAILOR

11ANUrACTIJRR:

1-18 mess,ColitirsStidd les.

Embalmers andFtrneral Directors.

Lady Attendant. 275 Third St., Cor. Jefferson.

Hotel Portland Turkish Baths

LADIES' HOURS:Only First-ClassTurkish Baths in the City...

ANDREW P. HANSON, Proprietor.

JNO. F. SI1ARI'jY

9 A. M. to 10 P. M., except Sundays

COR. SIXTH AND YAMHILL STS.,Portland, Oregon

CHARLES COOPEY

Cor. Stark Street... 885 Third

BEST EQUIPPED BEST TIME

The Great Scenic Route To and From the East...

Oregon Railroad and Navigation Co.Fast Mail Trains Daily EAST AND SOUTHto all points...

Leaves Union Depot For the EastVia Walla Walla and Spokane, daily at0_in o M.

All Sections in the Pacific Northwester land cities and towns direct or through connecting lines.

nection with River Steamers and Steamers for

CISCO, ALASKA and TUE ORIENT

an and Tourist Sleeperc Baggage checked todestination of tickets

ly illustrated descriptive matter, tickets, sleeping-carreservations, etc. call on or write.

Office, W. II. HURLBURT,shington Streets.in 712.

IMPORTeR:

Bldnkets,Whips

Robes.

Leaves Union Depot For the EastVia Pendleton and Huntington, daily

at 8:00 P. M.

Gen'l Passenger Agent,PORTLAND, ORUGON

OREGON NATIVE SON.

Open Day and Night Perfect and Complete

55 UNION AVE..Write for Cat8logue. PORTLAND. OREGON.

OREGON NATIVE SON. VII

A CM E H E LI H "0r

FIs without an eival in the world for

r IHEALTHFULNESS AND'I PALATABILITY

DEKUM BUILDING,Rooms 8J8-819.

TIlE NORTIIROP & STURCIS CO.,Established 1856.

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS.

Superior Carbonated Beverages, Novelty CidersHigh Gtade Flavoring Extracts, and

Standard Perfumes.

Sole Distributers of "Napa Soda."

PORTLAND, - OREGON.

CHAS. SCHULENBURG,

COMMISSION MERCHANT,FLOUR, HAY AND GRXIN.

49-51: Sixth Street,PORTLAND, ORE.OBBON 'PHONE 821.

COLUMBIA 'PHONE 637.

TestedandTrUe

THE PEOPt,E'SF'AvoRIrE REMEDY...

'\

N

Telephone, Oregon 2892.

A. L. MALONE,Plumbing and heating of EveryDescription at Reasonable Rates.

NEW AND SECOND=IIAND PUNPS,flACIiINE AND ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES.

SUTCLIN & 3LIlD,

WALL P7-\I)[R /ND DICOPATION5Paper Hanging, Painting and Kalsonilning,

309 ALDER STREET,

PHONE ELACK, i963. PORTLAND, OREGON.

,

Cascade Mineral Wafer

T. Moffeft, prop.,

. _J

FOR HEALTHAND AS A BEVERAGE

"Oeneral Arthur" CigarN Is the best seller in it, grade in America

Nien ml there were an equalls good cigarfom the monet on the market, it could notappioach the great sale of the"G,NERAL,ARTHUR " That is because of its widereputation - eserybodv knows it, andknows how good and how reliable it is

ESBERO=OUNST CIGAR CO,Distributors, Portland, Or.

274 Taylor, Street,PORTLAND OR.'

187 Morrison Street,PORTLAND, OREGON.

HICKE Y ( HICKE Y,cDentIsts

THIRD AND WASHING TON,Portland, Oregon.

pftoPftig,00 O

Ladies and Gentlemen.o The Only FirstClaDirthig Hall in the City.

128 Sixth Street, Portland..,cnse became marredit hut otlic-rwtsr thr piThe railroad official.

ms for rtariiage. which

I

VIII OREGON NATIVE SON.

H. C. BRANDES. BAUM & BRANOES.

LEADING RESTAU RANTAND CONFECTIONERY.

145 First Street, Portland, Oregon.

ELEGANT LUNCHES, 25c.FRENCH DINNERS, 50c.

J. F. DAVIES, C. T. BELCIIER,President Sec. and Treas.

ST. CI-IARLES HOTEL(INCORPORATED.)

Front and Morrison Sts., PORTLAND, ORE.Electric Lights, Electric Bellsand Hydraulic Elevator.

150 Rooms at 25 to SOc. Suites, 75c. to $1.00

Good Restaurant in Connection.

OiVe us a Call. DAVIES & BELCUER,Managers.

MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK.PORTLAND, OREGON.

J. FRANK WATSON, - - PresidentR. L. DURHAM, - VicePresidentRALPH W. HOYT, - CashierGEO. W. HOYT, Assistant Cashier

Transads a General Banking Business.Interest paid on time deposits.Drafts and letters of credit issuedavailable in all parts of the worlu.

COLLECTIONS A SPECIALTY.

THE "DELSARTE" SHOEFOR WOMEN.

All Styles at $3.50Equal to any $5.00 Shoe.

Formerly of

artinez : Commercial Club

Restaurant. '

For

A FEW $io.00 PIANOS LEFTand slightly damaged

anna are in perfect con-have promptly settledenables os to sell these

$300 and $400 Pianos for

$160--O N LY--$1SOThey are fully warranted for five years. Fine

Stool and Scarf with each instrument.SOLD ON ESY MONTHLY PAYMENTS.

The WILEY B. ALLEN CO.THE LEADINO MUSIC HOUSE.

211 First Street, Portland, Oregon.

Whosein trandition.all clai

SMOKE THE SCHILLER CIGAR.

SCHILLER CIGAR FACTORYMANUFACTURER. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN

Havana and Domestic Cigars261 WASHINGTON STREET,

N. W. Cor. Fourth, Portland, OregonTelephone Black 1831.

When Dealing With Our Advertisers. Please Mention the OREGON NATIVE SON

E. C. GODDARD & CO.Private FamilyRooms,228 Alder St. OREGONIAN BUILDING, PORTLAND, ORE.

JOHN K. MITCHELL.

MITCHELL & TANNER.Attorneys at Law.

Commercial Block. PORTLAND, OR.

4RE YOU CBUILDING?IF SO, YOU IVEED US.'

P0 VEY BROS GLASS CO,.Sixth and cD.ois Streets.

crank E. Ferris, D. D. S.

F'tOtary Public.

Benson Block,N. E. Cor. Morrison and Fifth.

Raleiçh Block,N. W. Cor. Sixth and Washington Sts.,

Portland, Orçor.

John T. Whalley,ttorney at Law,

Portland,

rcessorsto Stuart & Thompson Co.

OREGON NATIVE SON. IxH. TANNER. ST. HELEN'S HALL

Oren

c4 cBoarding and 'Day School for Girls.For catalogues and Particulars addressMISS ELEANOR TEBBETTS, M. A,, Ph. D.,

Telephone, Red 391. PrincIpal.

Gotshall Printing Co.Commercial 'Book and' fob PrInting

63-64 UnIon ¶Block, Portland, Oregon.

I. D. BOYER..,.Merchant Tailor.

Removed to 177 Fourth St., Y. M. C. A.Building.

FOREIGN ANDDOMESTIC WOOLENS. Portland, Ore.

Ladies' Tailoring

11 reworks IiojsWe carry the largest stock of Fire-

works in the city; Cannons, Torpedoes,Pistols, Etc. Also Japanese and ChineseCurios, Matting, Etc.

Catalogues furnished on application.

ANDR1W ISAN &CO..,(or. 4th and Morrison Sts.

NOF.TH'W'EST SCHOOL IPURNITU1E CO.291 YACDHILL ST.. PORTLAND. OREGON.

MANUFAcTURERS OF

"TRIUMPH AUTOMATIC" SCHOOL DESKSchool officers cannot afford to experiment wIth public funds. The 'TRIUMPHAUTOMATIC" is 110 experiment. Over a million Triumph Desks in use.

HYLOPLA TE BLACKBOARDS.

Write for Samples and Special Cireulars and. Catalogues.

Globes, Charts, Maps, Window Shades, Flags, Bells, Teachers' Desks, Setteçs, Chaifl,Wilen Dealing With Our Advertisers, Please Mention the OREGON NATIVN SON.

V voice 80(1 ROOmS,io Third St., Portland, Oregon

Wbeu DeiIng With Our Advertisers, Please Mention the ORNGON NATIVE SON.

-, - J fozFf*zr=

NTINGThey have a fine stock of the best Also a fine line of

OREGON NATIVE SON.

Send for EstimatesAnd Samples...

Proud of Your HouSe...],s what you will be after having it Paintedby F. II. Morehouse & Co.

293 STREET, Portland,' f. ''&/S

Portland Cut=RateTaxidermist Co.

All species of Birds, Animals, Fish, Insects,Etc., finely mounted and posed according tonature. Birds and animals bought and sold.

Inspection Invited. Prices Reasonable.f )L'ft r

W. B. MALLEIS, Mgr.,l844 Third Street.

t4eQdqut1ters for -]'4TIVE S0143.

J4otel Peiikins.Fifth and Washington Sta., Poatland, Oi'.

EUROPEAN PLAN.

First Class Check Restanratit in connection con-ducted by the House./

Only First Class European Plan House in the City.

SMOKETHE... eau rumme

BEST 5-CENT CICAIR.

BLUMAUER-FRANK DRUG CO.WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS.

SOLEAGENTS.. Portland, Oregon.

LEAVE

700pm

SOUTH COMPANYDepot, Fifth and T Streets. ARRIVE

I OVERLAND EXPRESS, forSalem, Roseburg, Ashland, Sac-ramento, Ogden, San Prancisco,Mojave, Los Angeles, El Paso,New Orleans and the East.

Roseburg PassengerI Via Woodburn for Mt. Angel,Silverton, West Scio, Browns-ville, Springfield and Natron.

Corvallis Passenger

When Dealing With Our Advertisers, Please Mention the OREGON NATIVEI SON.

830amDaily

exceptSunday* 730am4 50 pm Independence Passenger* Daily. Daily except Sunday.Direct cot nection at San Francisco with Steamship lines

for hawaii, Japan, China, The Phillipines and Australia.For through tickets and rates call on or address J. 3.

Kirkland, City Ticket Agent, 134 Third St., Portland, Or.YAMHIIL DIVISION.

Passenger Depot Foot of Jefferson Street.Leave for Oswego daily at 7:20, *9:40 a. m.; 12:30,

1:5,5, 3:25, 5:15, 6:23, 8:05, 11:30 p. rn. and 9:00a.m.on Sundays only. Arrive at Portland daily at 6:35, 8:30,10:50* a. in.; 1:33, 3:15, 4:30, 6:20, 7:40, 9:15 p. rn.;12:40 a. m. daily except Monday and 10:05 a. m. on Sun-days only.

Leave for SHERIDAN daily, except Sunday, at 4:30 p. m.Arrive at Portland at 9:30 a. m.

Leave for AIRLIE Motidays, Wednesdays and Fridays at8:40 a. in. Arrive at Portland Tuesdays, Thursdays andSaturdays at 3:05 p. m.

Except Sunday.R. KOEHJER,

Manager.C. H. MARKHAM,

Gen. F. & P. Agt.

EAST SOUTHERNAN PGIFIG

Wall Paper,Room=Moulds, Etc.Varnishes, Brushes.

Leads, Oils,

11

Or.

E. II. MORUIOUSE & Co.,

800am

430pmDaily

exceptSunday550pm825am

ROOMS 7 8.COUNCIL BUILDING.

)UTABLISUED 1882. OPEN DAY AND NIGSST

E. HOUSE'S CAFEJ28 THiRD STREET,Portland, Oregon.

Clams and Oysters. Home-made P/es and cakesCream and Milk from our own Ranch.

The best cup of Coffee or Cocoa in the City.

The Iiham Stationery Co.

OFFICE OUTFITTERS andGENERAL STATIONERS

OREGON TELEPHONE BLACK 2945.

Dr. Emmet Dra1e,

DENTIST..

253 Washington Street, N. E. Car. Third.

OREGON NATIVE SON. XIASK YOUR DEALER FOR THE

"MT. HOOD" SHIRTS

FLE!SCHNER, MIYER & CO., PORTLAND, ORE.

PORTLAND, OREGON.

5. 0. SKIDP1ORE & Co.,stab1ished 1866.

PJONEER DRUCjOISTS.

Drugs, Chemicals, Sundries,Patent Medicines

AND TUB COMPOUNDINI OF PRBSCRIITIONS.

i Third Street, Portland, Oregon.

AND CELEJRATED

THOROUGHBRPCE PND KINGOVERPLLS.

MANUFACTURED gy

DBALI3RS IN

J. T. WiLSON

'I Office and Rooms,io Third St., Portland, Oregon

Household Furniture and Bankrupt StocksBought and Sold.

4/4/ 'Phones 505 nod South 5414/4/

o 0W. Ft. FLINN. C. L. BERGEVIN.

FLINN BROTHERS & GO,

PINJIN,

Estimates Furnished on All Kinds of Work.

Shop: 54 Seventh St., OFFiCE 343 MORRISON STREET,In Basement. Bet. Seventh and Park.

0 0

rXII

4.4.4444.44

*eeesseeLIBRARY i\SSOCIPtJION

O} PORTLJND.STARK sr., BET. SEVENTH AND PARK.

26.000 VOLUMES.250 PERIODICALS.

Hours, 9:00 A. M. to 9:00 P. M., except Sundays4 and holidays. $5.00 per year; $1.50 per quarter.

Students' special membership $1.50 per year. All'dandard and popular magazines circulate as books

A Boarding and Day SchoolUnder PreseiitManagement Since 1878.

OREGON NATIVE SON.

OREGON NATIVE SON..4.4.4.4ó4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4.4s4.4..4.O.4s'4

49440.4.9.9S

ESTBL.ISHEt) IN 1859 +

Transact a General Banking ¶BusinessInterest c.4ttowed on 'flme ¶Deposits,

Collections made at all points on favorable terms. Letters of Credit issued available inEurope anti the Eastern States Sight Exchange and Telegraphic Transfers sold on New

S York Washington Chicago St Louis Denver Omaha San Francisco and various points inOregon Washington Idaho Montana and British Columbia Exchange sold on London,Paris, Berlin, Frankfort and Hong Kong.

BISHOP SCOTT PICPDEMY.FOUNDED 1870. J. W. HILL, M. D., PRINCIPAL.

For catalogues or information addressthe Principal,

J. W. HILL, M. D.,P. 0. Drawer 17. Portland, Oregon.

BOTH 'PHONES TOO. TERMS STRICTLY CASH.

ELECTRIC .LAUNDRY.GO.

OFFICE, 128 SIXTH ST. PORTLAND, OREGON.

Primary, Preparatory andAcademic Departments.College Preparation.Military Discipline.Manual Training.Boys of all ages received.

KUSALANA you cannot imagine howgood this tea is until youtaste it Buy it at once

A . 11fl rtii I7111 itI1l1Jc. II 'it

I

S W * V S S S 44&&'. 7 s.F'. WY VY

Don't lose any time, but orderit NOW from your dealer. Hecan get it from us.

Corbitt & Macleay Co.TEA IMPORTERS.

When T)eallng With Our Advertlses, Please Mentlou the OREGON NATIVE SON.'

LADD 3 TIL TON, Bankers.

Portland, Oregon

A A

OREGON NATIVE SON. XIII

PHIL METSCHAN, Pres,

When Dealing With Our Advert1ser Please M entlon the ORECON NATIVE SON.

Posi-G,aciiiate Haskt'l College,Chicago.

Misne.r & Hayden0

FASHION STABLE.

Livery, Boarding and HackTELLPHONE 45.

Sixth and Oak Sts. Portland, Or.

We are the ManolacturersRepresented Direct of

Rubber Belting, Hose andPacking in the Northwest

DR. C. B. BROWN,Den z'ist.

Fisher, Thorsen&Co.

WHOLESALE...

PAINTS,OILS andGLASS

Building Material

PORTLAND, OREGON

Room 516 Dekum Buiiiiig,PORTLAND, dR.

fmper/-i/ Jt'o/e/ C.SEVENID SND WASNING1N STS , POVILRND, ONEGON.

CHANGE oF MANAGemENr.

American and European Plan

C. W. KeOWLES, Mgr

TH GUTT RBRCH1 & R1JBBR 7lV'F'G CO.87 89

FIRST STREET,

EUROPEAN PLAN. S1.00 $1.50, $2.00

AMERICAN PLAN, - - $2.00. $2.50. $3.00

4t

1 J. POLlVKA & CO.

Tailors and Importers.

229 Morrison Street. PORTLAND QREGOI.

When Pealing With Our Advertiaer, Pleaee Mention the OREGON NATIVE SON.

XIV OREGON NATIVE SON.

214 PANc/Ire noted for Q.,uality of Work and Prompt Ser2'ice.

Young men and women

who can (10 some one thiig better than any one else can.

Bookkeeping, Shorthand, Penmanshipare lines in which those well qualified can always find profitable employment.Spelling, Grammar, Arithmetic Writing, Correspondence, Commercial Law,Bookkeeping, Business Forms, Business Practice, Office Work, ar2 included inour business course. Call at the college, or write for illustrated catalogue.

Portland Business CollegeFifth and Yamhill Streets A. P. Armstrong, Principal

I

PDR I 'LANUENJ 'ALPARLORS

HESE P.\ P. L( )RS. situated iii the \Vashiiigtoii

Buildi iig, corner of Eon rtii and \Vash ington

Streets, hx\ e this double advantage, eiz The best

situation in the city and the inot SUIIIptUOnSIY tur-

nished suite of riii in the Nortliwta't

Under the niauaei11e11t of I )r. Martin A. Jones,

and his many expert assista11t'. the establishment

has attai mmcd i most en viai1 e poiti( nu not on lv by

courtesy and good W( rh, hut hV popular prices.

In addition t the xix ve, Dr. Tones guaran tee

perfect satisfaction a ni (l( es not compete vith Ch'd})

dental \VOik.

Crown and Bridge Work, s4

Best Set of Teeth, Rubber,-' 410 ()( for r1',e\11ere

. L() Up

Best Alloy Fil1ing. T()c. Up.

Teeth extracted painle byour new method, Oe 4

I\Vhfl Dealing W

\ 'I\

4444

444

44

44

4

444444444444

44444p.1

p.4

- **'.i "henry

I theFourth"

/ . i4 Choicest, Clear Havana ..tt - -

-

: Cigars... I

Sold in 20 Sizes . ' I

11 44

A1Ien&Lewis '\j -..

PORTLAND, ORE. 'i_ ,,-. .4

* Sole Distributors

Ii piq''::. I*

4

'

I-bAMERICAN PLAN. Headquarters for -

4' $3.Dft PER DAY Tourit and* AND UPWARDS. Commercial Travclers.Ii 8peel Rfl4eLnde to tanitHes and lngie gentlemen.4 A mode rcY-BaTh btab1Iilttnent in the hotel. H. C. BOWERS, Manager.4-

* 1*

44

e*'3., rr4 __e4 *I4 .., i4 ++c"." 'c', '-'

I'it

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