DIT. PENGOLAHAN PERTAMINA

Tlp : 021-381-5481

Email : sukotjo.wakimin@pertamina.com

1

Yogyakarta/ 10 November 2012

Oil Refinery Process

2

I. Gambaran umum

II. Proses – proses utama di kilang

III. Konfigurasi proses kilang

IV. Feed dan spesifikasi

V. Product dan spesifikasi

VI. Tantangan ke depan

Materi Presentasi

3

Gambaran umum

4

Pengolahan

(Refining)

Crude Oil Marketable

Product

SLC

Duri

ALC

Nigeria

dll

LPG

Gasoline

Kerosene / Avtur

ADO

Fuel Oil

C2=, C3=, C4=

Wax, Asphalt,

Aromatic, coke

Alur pengolahan minyak (oil)

Upstream Downstream

• Geophysical

Evaluation &

Design

• Field Development

• Drilling Operations

• Crude Oil & Gas

Production

• Gathering &

Processing

• Transportation &

Storage

• Refining of

Crude

• Product

Blending

• Pipeline

Transportation

• Barge & Vessel

Transportation

• Inventory

Management

• Product

Blending

• Truck Dispatch

• Marketing

• Demand Forecast

• Price Setting

• Customer Service

• Demand

Fulfillment

Exploration Production Refining Primary

Distribution

Terminalling Retail

Customer

Commercial

Customer

Trading

6

Indonesian Crude Production

Import Crude

Contractor

Pertamina production &Government Entlitement

Export

ExchangeCrude

1,000.0

400

700

300

200

100

200

500

Export, Exchange,Repayment

100

600

400

Unit : MBCD

Typical Crude & product

Distribution

NaturalGas

7

LPG : 30

Fuel Product

- Mogas : 190

- Kerosene : 150

- Gasoil : 250

- I D O : 8

- I F O : 67

Product

- Aviation : 33

- Pertamax : 7

- Pertamax Plus : 3

- Pertadex : 0.2

Ref. Fuel & Loss

- Total : 7.5 % Vol on Crude

Petrochemical (Excl. LPG )

- Total : 41

Miscellineous

- Total : 120.0

HOMCImport

20

7

I

III

II

V

VII

Kilang Pengolahan Minyak Milik PERTAMINA

RU I : Pangkalan Brandan RU III : Plaju RU V : Balikpapan

RU II : Dumai RU IV : Cilacap RU VI : Balongan

RU VII : Kasim

170

132.5

348

125

253.510

Dalam MBPSD

RefinersControlled* total capacity (KBD)

Influenced** capacity (KBD)

Number of refineries

Asia pacific major refineries

1

1

3

3

4

5

4

5

6

2

6

11

14

PTT

782Nippon Mitsubishi

670Idemitsu

599Cosmo Oil

247BP

298Petronas

285SPC

180Petron

1,272Shell

1,801Exxon Mobil

1,047Caltex (including

LG-Caltex)

1,115SK

1031Pertamina

370

555

285

485

285

* Majority controlled and manned by company

** Minority ownership

Source: Facts – EWCI; company website

9

Proses – proses utama di kilang

10

NoJenis

ProsesUnit Proses Tujuan Proses

1 Persiapan Desalter Menurunkan water, menurunkan garam

2 Pemisahan Crude Distilling Unit (CDU),

High Vakum Unit (HVU)

Pemisahan primer berdasar titik didih

3 Treating Hydrotreating dan demetalisasi(HDS, ARHDM, DHDT, DHDT), Amine Absorber,

Pemurnian

4 Konversi Hydrocracker, Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC), RFCC, Delayed Coker, Visbreaker, Platforming, H2 Plant.

Perengkahan, pembentukan / reforming

5 Perbaikan

Kualitas

Hydrotreater (HDS) Perbaikan kualitas

6 Proses-

proses Lain

Polymerisasi, IsomerisasiPenex,Totaray), MDU

Polymerisasi, aromatisasi, Filtrasi

Proses – proses utama di Oil Refinery

11

Konfigurasi proses kilang

Tipikal refinery process flow diagram

12

13

CDU

DMI

CDU

SPK

NRU

HVU

PL-I

DCU

DHDT

HCU

212

HCU

212

NHDT PL -II

TO LOMC

TO PREMIUM

H2P

701/702

CRUDE

CRUDE

GAS

SRN

KERO

ADO

L.RES

GAS

SRN

KERO

ADO

L.NAP

H.NAP

LPG

HOMC

LPG

GAS

LVGO

HVGO

S.RES

GAS

LPG

NAPHTHA

LCGO

HCGO

COKE

TO LSWR

NAPHTHA

L.KERO

H.KERO

TO PREM.

TO LOMC

HOMC

LPGL.NAP

H.NAP

LPG

L.NAP

H.NAP

L.KERO

H.KERO

ADO

BTM

LPG

L.NAP

H.NAP

L.KERO

H.KERO

ADO

BTMTO LSWR

EXCESS

RU II Dumai

14

RU III Plaju

15

RU IV Cilacap

16

RU V Balikpapan

17

RU VI Balongan

18

RU VII Kasim

PERBANDINGAN YIELD KILANG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN

PRODUK BERNILAI JUAL TINGGI DAN KOMPETISI

83

US average 128

India average 132

Japan average 152

UK average 170

Taiwan average 305

South Korea avg 430

Indonesia average

170

260

348

China average

RU II Dumai

RU VI Balongan

10

118

RU V Balikpapan

RU VII Kasim

RU III Plaju / Musi

RU IV Cilacap

125

3.6

10.7

3.8

7.7

9.0

5.9

5.0

7.9

3.3

3.5

4.7

1.0

4.9

10.6

Refinery comparison

Production capacity, kbpd

Nelson Complexity Index - Yield indicator

(higher number, high value yields)

International

competitors

Reliance India** 580 14.0

KILANG DENGAN KOMPLEKSITAS TINGGI AKAN MENGHASILKAN

FRAKSI RINGAN LEBIH BESAR DAN PRODUCT VALUE LEBIH TINGGI

Source: McKinsey

Kerosene / Avtur

Residual fuel

Fuel Gas

LPG /

Propane

Gasoline

Solar / Diesel

Gas plant

Reformer

Dis

tilla

tion

Crude

oil

Refinery

configuration typeUnits

present

Typical light

product yield*

% volume

Dis

tillatio

n

Refo

rmer

FC

C

Alk

y

Coker

Coking

Topping

Hydro-

skimming

FCC

FCC/alky

85

30

50

70

75

Simple /

Hydroskimming

Complex /

Cracking

Fraksi

Ringan

Yields Simple (%v) Complex

(%v)

Gas/ LPG 2.11 9.56

Gasoline 16.51 44.58

Kerosene / Avtur 20.22 8.95

Solar / Diesel 21.32 20.44

Residue 39.84 16.47

Total 100.00 100.00* Actual yield is also dependent on the crude type/quality

21

Feed dan Spesifikasi

22

Terdiri atas senyawa C (1 - 40an ) dan H

Didefinisikan dengan crude assay (boiling point cut, sifat

fisik)

Mengandung impurities (S, N, metals)

Dikategorikan sebagai : parafinik, naphthenik, aromatik.

Crude Oil ( minyak bumi) :

Komposisi desain feed (crude) RU’s

R U UNIT JENIS CRUDE KOMPOSISI

OPERASI CRUDE ( % V)

DUMAI SLC 80%

DURI 20%

RU II SUNGAI PAKNING SLC 90%

LIRIK 10%

RU III CDU I - VII SLC

RAMBA

RU IV CDU I ALC 100%

CDU II ARJUNA 50%

ATTAKA 50%

RU V CDU IV HANDIL 60%

BEKAPAI 40%

CDU V SLC 70%

WIDURI 30%

RU VI CDU SLC 20%

DURI 80%

RU VII CDU WALIO 100%

TABEL. SPESIFIKASI FEED

PRIMARY PROCESSING

NO PARAMETER UNIT UP II UP III UP IV UP V UP VI

SPK

1 SALT CONTENT ptb max 7 max 8.7 max 7.8 max 10

2 SULFUR % WT max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1 max 0.1

3 N + 2A % vol min 80

4 Asphalthenes % wt max 0.71 max 0.45

5 Vanadium ppm wt max 0.5

6 Nickel ppm wt max 20

7 Mercury ppb max 25 max 25 max 25

8 TAN mgKOH/mg max 0.7 max 0.62

25

Produk dan Spesifikasi

26

Produk No. Atom C Spesifikasi kritis

LPG C3 – C4 Kadar C3&C4, RVP, bau, C2, korisifitas

Gasoline C4 – C12 ON, distilasi/EP, RVP, S, aromat, korisifitas

Jet Fuel / Kero C8 – C12 Freezing point, smoke point, flash point

ADO/Solar C12-C18 Cetane Index, distilasi/EP, S, korosifitas

Fuel Oil / Residu > C25 Viskositas, Sg

Marketable products :

Spesifikasi produk LPG

27

+) Sebelum ditambah ethyl atau buthyl mercaptan

*) Tidak dilakukan di Laboratorium

Ref. Dirjen Migas no. No. 26525.K/10/DJM.S/2009

NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX

1. Specific Gravity at 60 / 60 °F ASTM D - 1657 To Be Reported

2. Komposisi : ASTM D - 2163

C2 % vol - 0.8

C3 + C4 % vol 97.0 -

C5 + ( C5 and heavier ) % vol - 2.0

3. R.V.P at 100 ° F psig ASTM D - 1267 - 145

4. Weathering Test at 36 °F % vol ASTM D - 1837 95 -

5. Total Sulphur grains/100

cuft

ASTM D - 2784 - 15 +)

6. Copper Corrosion 1 hours/100 °F ASTM D - 1838 - No. 1

7. Ethyl or Buthyl Mercaptan Added mL / 1000 AG 50 *)

8. Water Content Visual No free water

28

NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX

1. Research Octane Number ASTM D-2699 88.0 -

2. Colour Visual Yellow

3. Dyes content gr/100 L - 0.13

4. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 oC ASTM D-130 - No. 1

5. Distillation : ASTM D-86 - -

10 % Vol. recovery oC - 74

50 % Vol. recovery oC 75 125

90 % Vol. recovery oC - 180

End Point oC - 215

Residue % vol - 2.0

6. Doctor Test or No. 9 IP-130 - Negative

7. Existent Gum mg/100 mL ASTM D-381 - 4.0

8. Induction Period Minutes ASTM D-525 240 -

9. Mercaptan Sulphur % wt ASTM D-3227 - 0.0020

10. Density at 15 oC Kg/m3 ASTM D-4052 715,0 780,0

11. Oksigenat content % vol Mixing - 11

12. R.V.P at 100 oF kPa ASTM D-323 - 69

13. Lead Content g / L ASTM D-5059 - 0.013

14. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D-2622 - 0.10

Spesifikasi produk premium (hal 1 dari 2)

29

Spesifikasi produk Solar

NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX

1. Appearance Visual Clear & Bright

2. Density 15 °C kg / m³ ASTM D - 1298 815 870

3. Strong Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - NIL

4. Total Acid Number mg KOH/g ASTM D - 664 - 0.6

5. Ash Content % wt ASTM D - 482 - 0.01

6. Cetane Index ASTM D - 4737 48 -

7. Colour ASTM No. ASTM ASTM D - 1500 - 3.0

8. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 100 °C ASTM D - 130 - No. 1

9. Distillation, T90 °C ASTM D - 86 - 370

10. Pour Point °C ASTM D - 97 - 18

11. Sediment % wt ASTM D - 473 - 0.01

12. Visc. Kinematic at 40 °C cSt ASTM D - 445 2.000 5.000

13. Water Content mg / kg ASTM D - 1744 - 500

14. Flash Point PMcc °C ASTM D - 93 55 -

15. Total Sulphur * % wt ASTM D - 2622 OR

ASTM D - 1552

- 0.35

16. Conradson Carbon Residue % wt ASTM D - 4530 - 0.1

*) Ref. : SK Dirjen Migas No. 3675 K/24/DJM/2006.

Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 5312/14/DJM.T/2008.

Surat dari Dir. Jen. Migas No. : 1470/04/DJM.0/2009.

30

Spesifikasi produk Kerosene

NO. ANALISA METODA MIN MAX

1. Density 15 °C kg / m ³ ASTM D - 1298 - 835

2. Burning Test ( Dry Char ) mg / kg IP - 10 - 40

3. Cu. Strip Corrosion 3 hrs / 50 °C Class ASTM D - 130 - No. 1

4. Distilation : ASTM D - 86

End Point °C - 310

Recovery at 200 °C % vol 18 -

5. Flash Point Abel °C IP - 170 38.0 -

6. Odour & Colour - Marketable

7. Smoke Point mm ASTM D -1322 15 -

8. Total Sulphur % wt ASTM D -1266 - 0.20

Ref. : Dirjen Migas No. 17K/72/DDJM/1999 Tgl. 16 April 1999

31

Tantangan ke depan

32

Tantangan ke depan

1. Menaikkan kehandalan kilang.

2. Mengurangi losses dan refinery fuel.

3. Mengoptimalkan produksi.

4. Memenuhi regulasi pemerintah.

5. Menurunkan biaya-biaya.

Lingkungan yang berubah :

1. Harga crude yang cenderung tinggi.

2. Tuntutan kinerja standart global.

3. Regulasi produk yang berubah.

4. Tuntutan lindungan lingkungan yang semakin ketat.

Tuntutan terhadap Pengolahan :

Tipikal Struktur Biaya Bidang Pengolahan

Bahan Baku;

92.1%

Biaya Angkutan;

0.9%

Biaya Pengolahan;

2.4%

Biaya Refinery Fuel; 3.6%

Biaya Depresiasi; 0.9%

Biaya Interest;

0.1%

Trend Karakteristik Bisnis Pengolahan Oil & Gas

36

Terima kasih atas perhatiannya…