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8/12/2019 Oil Palm Nursery Management
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/oil-palm-nursery-management 1/18
INTRODUCTION
The importance of good nursery practice is crucial. The nursery should be maintained at the
highest standard to ensure production of healthy, vigorous and uniform palms for field planting. In
general, the two-stage polybags nursery should be practice. Any variation from the two-stage
polybags nursery may do so only with the prior approval from the Regional Operating Manager.
CHOICE OF SITE
An ade uate and reliable nearby source of good uality water trough out the year for nursery
watering.
A reasonably level site which is well drainage and note prone to flooding.
A rectangular shape of site to facilitate laying of water pipes and a central road preferred
A convenient nearby supply of good friable sandy clay loam to good structure clay soils for
filling polybag
Avoid soils contaminated by herbicides, lumpy, and stony
A site near as possible to the area proposed for planting where practical, ta!ing into
consideration transportation, security and relevant factors
NURSERY MANAGEMENT
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POLYBAG
"mall #$ cm % &' cm () in % * in+ lay-flat perforated of &$ gauge ( . )mm+ should be used.
SOIL MIXTURE
Mi% good friable sandy clay loam soil with & g Roc! hosphate per polybag $ g Roc!
hosphate per #MT.
LAYOUT
The layout should be on a bed basis. The dimensions recommended are as follow/
0idth/ #& cm (1 ft.+
2ength/ #$ cm ($ ft.+ for every hectare of field to be planted. Total length of each bed may e%ceed
) cm (& ft.+
ath/ 3$ cm (&.$ ft.+ between beds.
SHADE
"hade may not be necessary but if provide, should only be temporary.
PRENURSERY
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PLANTING
(a+ 4erminated seeds should be carefully chec!ed for defects upon receipt prom the supplier. The
main defect are/
Overgrown seeds
These normally become apparent after #1 days from germination and are characteri5ed by the
appearance of a leaf sheath on the shoot and many rootlets on the e%tended radical (root+.
6rown germ
"eeds affected by brown germ normally have a stubby radical with brown lesions mostly
midway between the plumule and radical.
2ate germinate
Mainly their very thin plumule, early appearance of the leaf sheath and the presence of an
increased number of adventitious roots characteri5e these seeds.
7amage seeds
"eeds with physical damage li!e bro!en or shriveled radical.
(b+ "eeds should be planted appro%imately # cm below the soil surface. "eed must never be
planted upside down nor too deep. 8pside down planting can give rise to twisted leaf.
(c+ After planting a layer of mulch is recommended. 6ro!en shells and well rotted cyclone fibre
from the soil mill are suitable mulching materials.
(d+ 7oubletons- In a normal seed consignment, there is always some percentage of seed that
produce two or three shoots.
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WATERING
"eedling should be watered twice daily e%cept on rainy days. 9nsure that the soil in the polybags is
moist but not in a saturated condition. Type watering is manual manuring.
WEEDING
Regular hand weeding rounds should be carried out.
CENSUS AND CULLING
Two census rounds should be carried out during the pre-nursery stage.
#st census-at about ) wee!s after planting to determine the percentage of planting failure.
&ndcensus-at ' months after planting (during transfer to the main nursery+ to determine the
percentage of planting failure.
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POLYBAG
2arge ': cm % $ cm (#$ in % & in+ lay-flat blac! perforated polybags of $ gauge should be
used.
SOIL MIXTURE
a+ The best available topsoil of good structure should be used. "andy clay loam to good structure
clay soil is suitable for oil palm growth.
b+ Mi% roc! phosphate at appro%imately $ ;g to # Mt of soil during soil polybag filling stages for
main nursery.
c+ olybags should be filled at least two wee!s before seed sowing and well watered to allow soil
consolidation. The soil surface after settling should not be less than &.$ cm (# in+ from the lip of
the bag.
LAYOUT
a+ The polybag should be arrange at * cm (' ft+ triangular spacing for seedling to be retain in
nursery not e%ceeding #$ months.
b+ At * cm (' ft+ triangular spacing it will give a stand of appro%imately #&, polybags per
hactare.
MAIN NURSERY
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TRANSPLANTING TO MAIN NURSERY
a+ Transplanting of pre-seedling to the main nursery should be carried out at ' leaf stage, which
will be between ' to 1 months from planting of germinated
WATERING
(a+ In the main nursery, watering should be carried out at least once a day at about #.$ litres per
bag e%cept on rainy day. "o in one day should be & watering per day.
(b+ 0atering is perhaps the most important re uirement in a polybag nursery.
(c+ 0atering induce the growth of oil palm in nursery.
(d+ In the main nursery,several irrigation system is overhead sprin!ler.
(e+ The overhead sprin!ler used is ) ft and distance between sprin!ler is & metres.
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WEEDING
a+ The need for carrying out a clean weeding policy is depend on the condition of the area.
b+ "uitable chemical used in main nursery/
<ungicide /Antracol 3 wp======.' ml>#:2 ? &O
0eedicide /6asta========& ml>#:2 ? &O
Insecticide / @urelle-7-$ $====== .$> .# ml>#:2 ? &O
/ Tedion=========# ml>#:2 ? &O
/ Attac!=========.# ml>#:2 ? &O
2i uid fertili5er/ 6ayfolan======..& ml>#:2 ? &O
c+ 4lyphosate and Amine are not to be used in the nursery.
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CENSUS AND CULLING
Three rounds of census and culling must be carried out during the growth of seedling in the main
nursery/
• #st census- at ' to 1 months after planting. 7uring transplanting to main nursery.
• &nd and ' rd census- at : months and ust before field planting.
TIMING OF TRANSPLANTING TO FIELD
The optimum age of seedling for field planting is #& to #$ months from germinate seed stage.
"eedling with age more than #: months will be call as A M or Advance lanting Material. A M
usually is used for replacing dead palm in a field with less than # years of age.
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OIL PALM NURSERY ACTIVITY
"eed reparation of medium for seeds germ
under shade area
"eeds planted into medium of small "eedlings in small polybags ('months+polybags
Medium in large polybags that arranged Transplanting of seedling into big
triangle big polybag.
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"eedlings transplanted to main nurery 0atering system (sprin!ler+
0eeds management
(weedicide spraying+
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a+ 7estroy immediately all discarded seedlings.
b+ In well managed nurseries, up to &$D culling rate may be accepted.
c+<ew individual seedlings severely affected by disease e.g. Curvularia and anthracnose
should be discarded and destroyed.
?owever, if large numbers are affected, treatment with appropriate fungicide is necessary.
PRENURSERY AND EARLY STAGES OF SINGLE STAGE NURSERY
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A normal, well grown seedling is shown below.
Types of u !es"#$%&e see!&" 's fo# !"s($#!" ' $#e s)o* $ ! !es(#"%e %e&o*+
A normal, well grown seedling in theprenursery, to be retained fortransplanting into large polybag.
TWISTED SHOOTCoiled leaves and twisted stem.
• @ot genetic in origin• Caused by seed having been
planted upside down.
GRASS LEAF , ON RIGHT -Also !nown as Enarrow leafF.• 2eaves are narrow, erect and
grass-li!e.• Compare with normal seedling
on left.
ROLLED LEAF• 2eaf lamina is rolled along its
lon a%is.
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MAIN NURSERY AND LATER STAGES OF SINGLE STAGE NURSERY
COLLANTE• "evere constriction around
central part lamina prevents fullleaf e%pansion. 7elay cullingGimprovement in watering regimeis recommended.
• "ubse uently cull only persistentcases which do not recover withimproved watering.
• Mild cases of leaf crin!ling
generally recover with improved wateringG these should not beculled.
• Only severe and persistentcases should be discarded.
CHIMAERA• Intensity, distribution and
duration of this phenomenonvary.
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NARROW PINNAE+innae are narrow and rolled alongtheir a%is, they appear needle-li!e.innae are also usually borne at veryacute angles to the rachis.
0UVENILE+9vident in order seedlings wherepinnae remain permanently undevidedor only partially differentiated.
WIDE INTERNODES+innae are spaced very wide on therachis.The seedling appears very open.0here seedlings are ade uatelyspaced, wide internode is genetic in
origin.
WIDE INTRERNODES+0ide inrernodes shown in close-upabove. caution / where seedlings arecrowded, wide internodes are seen. remedy / space ou seedlings,gradual recovery is seen in new fronds
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ACUTE PINNAE INSERTIONClose-up showing acute pinnaeinsertion.