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The contributors Though every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy and authenticity is misinterpretation within referred to Mumbai jurisdiction.

ost of you must have heard or read that the Agriculture Minister Sharad Pawar has

suggested to the Gujarat Milk Marketing Co-operative Federation to expand its Moperations to multiple states because such a move would help usher in another

white revolution across the country benefitting farmers in other States too. He considers

that it’s high time for other states to have an Amul co-operative model, with this he also

stressed on the need to improve livestock breeds and step up quality and quantity of fodder

production in the country. Well I think though the idea is a grand one, but it needs a modulated added value, what I

mean by it is that wouldn’t it have been more feasible if the Agriculture Minister would have

urged the whole food industry to work on the basis of Amul strategy to create another FOOD

revolution……….an uprising that would make India a thriving global aspiration. It seemed that the eminent minister had become quite impressed by the working strategy

and immense success of GCMMF during the inauguration of Dudhmotisagar Dairy at

Dharuhera in Haryana – a dairy with a processing capacity of 30 lakh liters per day has been

set up by Mehsana District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Ltd, a member union of

GCMMF, with an investment of around Rs 450 crore.This new facility will help further strengthen Amul’s stronghold in Delhi and the National

Capital Region, the fastest growing milk market. Amul sells about 24 lakh liters per day in

NCR, where the pouched milk market is pegged at 50 lakh liters per day. Farmer members

of the milk co-operative get as high as 85 per cent of the price paid by the consumer. The

spread of Amul’s operations to Haryana will benefit farmers in the region.Now to my point - why is our honorable minister stressing on using the Amul model only on

milk revolution, why not on other agriculture goods. Let’s say for example we use the same

way, strategy and plan for fruits and vegetable marketing, food processing, potatoes and

poultry expansion and promotion. Amul has already achieved the paramount in milk and

allied market, now it’s high time they get into experimentation mode and enter the green and

processing zone. Their model is of such classic theme that not only will it benefit the

farmers immensely but it will help India to be the food basket of the world.Change in climate has created a worrisome havoc globally…imagine now the scientist are

claiming that banana is becoming the food that is feeding millions all over the world and

hence has won over the race over potato to become the number one staple food.

Transformation in climate and also with a quivering economical condition of the globe, we

need to be alert and ready to face all challenges.Food revolution is the need of the hour we have to ready and updated in all aspect that’s why

I intensely push on the point to form a model where our poor farmers benefit and at the same

we achieve the superlative symbiotic food marketing approach – thus carving a path to

make India a country without scarcity of food. Kurien built Amul as an organization but there is no single hero who built the Amul brand.

Today it is one of those brands who pattern of success has to be cross bred in other sectors

too. All we need is a person in charge with the Kurien effect and thought process.We need to really think hard now and work upon to make our agricultural and food sector

like the cooperative model pioneered by Amul - a union of primary village dairy

cooperatives- came to be known as the "Anand pattern" cooperative system. A three-tier

structure that comprises village societies, district level dairy unions and a state level

federation. Each tier is economically independent of the others and comprises

representatives elected from the tier below it. The organizations at each level are governed

by their own by laws, and managed by democratically elected boards... Amul's product

development was driven both by the spirit of the cooperative system and profitability.

O

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Seattle-based coffee giant Starbucks opens first India store in Mumbai

Coca-Cola to set up India's biggest water plant in Gujarat

INDIAN COCOA SECTOR ROUGH ROAD AHEAD

Regional brands aim high, attempt to carve out pan

India presenceInnovations presented in unity

PACKAGING OF BEVERAGES

Food and Beverage Distribution

Information Integration Advantages

Malaysia Becoming a

Halal Logistics HubFrost & Sullivan

Soft Drinks, Beer, Mineral water, Juices,

sectors have shown positive growth in last few years

Health benefits of

functional foods

Fellowship of the Food Chain

India gets traceability

By: Dr. J. Lewis

BY Hari Menon

Döhler develops new "brown"

flavours that go

with the spirit of the times!

Chocolate, caramel, coffee & co

New vector™ resealable matrx delivers convenience consumers can hear and feel



News

Elaichi Mawa croissants, made with tarbucks inaugurated its first store cardamom and milk solids, and tandoori in India in a historic building in paneer rolls.southern Mumbai as the Seattle-SThe prices position Starbucks at the based coffee giant seeks growth in a premium end of India's coffee cafes, with market long associated with tea drinkers.a 12 ounce cappuccino retailing for a little `Ìt is perhaps the most elegant, beautiful, over $2.dynamic store we've opened in our ``We've been trying to in a sense crack the history,'' chief executive Howard Schultz code here,'' Schultz said. The company s a i d i n a n i n t e r v i e w . decided early on they needed to enter India with a local partner, as they did in China. Schultz said he spoke with many interested parties, but none ``had the complete suite of things we felt were necessary to build a big, enduring business. That changed the day we met Tata.'’Schultz came to India in November 2010 to begin ̀ `substantive conversations'' with the salt-to-SUVs Tata conglomerate, After over six years of studying the local which were followed by meetings in market, Starbucks is making a rapid-fire Seattle and a January 2011 coffee entry into Asia's third-largest economy. sourcing agreement with Tata Coffee. A Coffee houses are still a relatively new year later, Starbucks announced it had trend in India, and the chains already in formed a 50-50 joint venture with Tata business sell cappuccinos and lattes well Global BeveragesBSE -2.59 % called be low Starbucks ' usua l pr ices . Tata Starbucks Ltd. At the time, the vice The company, in a joint venture with Tata chairman of Tata Global Beverages, R.K. Global Beverages, plans to open two Krishnakumar, said the joint venture additional stores in Mumbai in the Taj hoped to open 50 stores by the end of Mahal Palace hotel and in the Oberoi 2012, a statement Starbucks has since hotel across town, before launching in t r i e d t o d i s t a n c e i t s e l f f r o m . N e w D e l h i e a r l y n e x t y e a r . The company won't comment on For the flagship Mumbai store, Starbucks expansion targets, but Schultz pointed to chose the historic Elphinstone Building in Starbucks' presence in other markets as the Horniman Circle neighborhood of examples of the scale he is interested in. south Mumbai, not far from a vast Hermes There are more than 700 outlets in shop and a stately local park maintained mainland China, he said, and 1,000 in with funds from the family foundation of Japan. While those numbers are dwarfed Italian designer Ermenegildo Zegna. by the over 10,000 outlets in the United The flagship, which can accommodate States, Asia has emerged as a key driver of 120 people, is a cool, soaring space, with growth.hand-carved wooden screens, thick tables `Àsia and the entire Pacific Rim present

of solid Indian teak, painted vintage one of the most significant growth

trunks and old leather-bound books.opportunities within Starbucks Coffee Schultz said he hoped the effect would be Company,'' Schultz said. `Ìndia is at the like ``walking into a shrine of Starbucks c o r e , a l o n g w i t h C h i n a . ' ' coffee.'’Starbucks said in April that China, where The shop will offer free Wi-Fi and stay it opened an average of one store every open until 11 p.m. Monday through four days during fiscal year 2011, will Thursday and 1 a.m. on weekends, likely be its second-largest market by unusually late for Mumbai cafes. 2014.The 42 menu items reflect local as well as

Western tastes, featuring items such as

Coca-Cola to set up India's biggest water plant in Gujarat

everages giant Coca-Cola plans to build the country's biggest Bproduction facility for packaged

water in Gujarat for more than Rs 200 crore, an official involved in the development said.The Greenfield plant will be set up by Coca-Cola India's bottling arm Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages.It will have a capacity to produce more than 700 bottles per minute and, besides water brand Kinley, it will test flavoured and fortified waters. "The plant may also include production lines for carbonated drinks," the person said.A Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages spokesman neither denied nor confirmed the development, but said the company is investing in manufacturing and distribution capabilities for packaged drinking water without sharing details.The development is part of Coca-Cola's push to accelerate growth in India following a global restructuring last week that said the new operating unit is in keeping with business priorities positioned to capture 'latent growth potential' in the region.Both Coca-Cola and rival PepsiCo are moving to broadbase their portfolios to include functional and fortified beverages and reduce dependence on core cola.The retail packaged water market in the country is estimated at about Rs 2,000 core, growing at about 15% a year. Small and regional brands account for almost three-fourths of the overall market in this low-margin business. With limited consumer brand pull, the category is heavily dependent on distribution channels, supply chains and retail p resence .Globa l ly, Coca-Cola ' s packaged water brands include Dasani and Vitaminwater Zero. In India, however, the firm sells only Kinley, which competes with category leader Bisleri, owned by bottler-entrepreneur Ramesh Chauhan, PepsiCo's Aquafina, Tata Group's Himalayan and Narang Group's Qua. Coca-Cola's other premium water brand in India, Bonaqua, sells only in and around Delhi.

Seattle-based coffee giant Starbucks opens first India store in Mumbai



News

umping by foul means by Cocoa fruit is available in Malaysia (99 Malaysian importer have found this unscrupulous Chinese operators, per cent of all cocoa fruit is imported loophole in the system thereby exporting Doperating cross-border also from from Africa for crushing). low quality cocoa product with only 10-

They only have 1 per cent local fruit and Malaysia, Singapore or Indonesia, 15 per cent import duty to India and 99 per cent imported cocoa beans, paying engage in manipulative and unfair trade making huge profit margins along with absolutely no imports duty, and adding practises by pushing not only low grade their counter parts in India. This has not no significant values either. E.g. if cocoa and poor qua l i ty products on only resulted into damaging for local beans are available from Africa at $ unsuspecting Indians, but also processors but also harmful for Indian 2500/mt, they make an all inclusive manipulating their own export agencies consumers. Malaysian processors are processing margin (labour, overheads, to provide them with incentives to do so also not following norms set by CODEX costs and profits) of a mere $ 250! So one in terms of cash support as well as for food safety.wonders how even after processing Further miseries are added by similar misdeclarations about the quality and locally with imported beans of cocoa, operators from Indonesia, except with origins of their products and wrongly they are giving tough competition to one twist; they grow the cocoa fruits, of enjoying massive duty concessions to processors in India and elsewhere in the much lower quality than India, but the gain windfall profits.

Lacklustre monitoring and misplaced world. Indonesian exporters have successfully According to the Indian processors the policies of Indian government adds to the lobbied with their government to levy quality of imported cocoa from Malaysia hidden miseries of unsuspecting Indian upto 15 per cent export tax on cocoa is very poor and due to treaty with India consumers and industry. On one hand, fruits. This makes exports of cocoa fruits they are able to send it to India with no WHO specified CODEX specifications outside Indonesia impossible.additional cost while on the other hand India's processing capacity of 86,000 are over looked while allowing low geographically Malaysia is not far from tons of Cocoa Beans is under threat from grade and contaminated imports of such Southern coasts of India. Another Countries like Malaysia, Indonesia and products into India. On the other hand, Cococa processors says “it takes very Singapore. According to a Malaysian government provides a discount of 50-65 less time and logistics cost if they import exporter, Malaysia produces only around per cent by means of import duties cocoa from Malaysia to South India on 5,000 T of beans grown locally and rest concessions on such products. The the other hand Cocoa by-product takes of the 390,000 T beans are imported from foreign traders and exporters lure Indian equal time if we bring them from other Africa. The total Output of Malaysian consumers by misusing the AIFTA parts of India”. Although such low value Cocoa products is about 400,000T i.e. treaty, a free trade treaty between India does not merit any concessions, such approximately 1 per cent local fruit and and ASEAN countries, meant to boost exporters allegedly manipulate data and 99 per cent imported beans from African exports from India, by pretending and their certifying agencies to comply, in countries. Indonesia on the other hand obtaining false origin certificates order to obtain such major concessions; will not sell its cocoa fruits to the world, certifying goods are of ASEAN origin and certifying agencies turn a blind eye but instead enjoy benefi ts for whereas in fact those goods are from to promote their brethren, obviously for concessional exports from its domestic Africa or other non-ASEAN origins, fees. industries.without adding the required value to such Indian processors also say the import So now is the right time for the goods, and by restrictive trade practices duty on Cocoa beans in Malaysia is 0 per government to increase cocoa forbidden by such treaties as well as cent; however the same is 30 per cent in production to meet the rising demand WTO.India. So the local processors have no from the 15-billion-rupee chocolate Malaysia-based operators, hell bent on standing competition with the cocoa industry and to cut dependency on destroying Indian industries and unduly coming from Malaysia as they enjoy 50- imports of low quality cheap cocoa influence Indian consumers, are 65 per cent advantage over domestic coming from imports. This will not only systematically destroying Indian industries, forcing some of the big help India in saving foreign exchange but processors by selling cheap cocoa by-processors to turn importers of products also provide guarantied buyers for products on one hand and exploiting the instead. Paradoxically India has only 10- farmers, brighter future for processors concessions of duties on the other hand. 15 per cent duty on cocoa products and good quali ty products for They are exporting 95 per cent of total imports from ASEAN countries and consumers.cocoa produced even though not much of

INDIAN COCOA SECTOR ROUGH ROAD AHEAD


Happy De epawali

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With Clients throughout India and Asia Pacific Region, no wonder its frequent to grab a product packed on PACKIT machines.

It could be dryfruits, tea, sugar, nuts, spices, wafers, chips, cheeseballs, pulses or something else.

Each packed greets you with extraordinary freshness and assurance of quality of packing.

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Rising BrandsRising Brands


Regional brands aim high, attempt to carve out pan

India presence

n the 1990s, a north-based biscuits company,

Bakemans Industries, gave industry leaders IBritannia and Parle Products sleepless nights

with its aggressively-priced offerings in the Marie

and Glucose segments. The regional brand with an

enviable 13% share, most of it coming out of Uttar

Pradesh, was going places - until it decided to go

national.

An attempt to carve out a pan-India presence ended in

disaster with it plunging into a sea of red. To wipe out

its losses, Bakemans raised prices on its home turf, in

Uttar Pradesh. That move proved to be the proverbial

final nail in the coffin; Bakemans not only failed to

become a national player, it lost pole position in the

market in which it once ruled the roost. The company

was put up for sale, but even the acquisition by a Sri

Lankan biscuit player ended calamitously.

brands seeking to go national. One, go na t iona l on ly i f you have a differentiated product; and two, only if the regional brand has operating margins of at least 15%. He advocates a 'big bang theory when going national.' "Trial and error cannot work. You cannot sit in Kanpur and understand Karnataka or Kerala," he adds.

There are those like the Rajkot-headquartered Balaji Wafers that prefer caution to extravagant expansion. Balaji has relied largely on word-of-mouth publicity to capture consumer mind space over the past two decades. Managing director Chandu Virani says, "I do not see the need to be overtly ambitious. We have financial investors chasing us all the time but we do not have the appetite for a grand national

The Bakemans debacle serves as a grim group four years later, says going plan. It will happen very gradually," he reminder for regional brands seeking to national is not an option but a necessity. explains.go national. "If one doesn't have the resources, build

Also being cautious is the 500 crore the resources but go national. It is all "Their ability to grow beyond their SAJ Food Products. The company, about taking risks because regional home turf is typically stymied not just which dominates eastern India with brands cannot grow beyond a point." by capital but also by a difficulty in biscuit brand Bisk Farm, is now However, he does add a rider. "The building the right kind of organisation venturing into other markets, albeit mantra has to be: differentiate or die," to create national strategies and more selectively. Says managing director says Patel who has launched brands like sophisticated brand launch and Vijay Kumar Singh: " Each state Whitetone face powder, Jinjola talcum promotion models that can be especially in foods has its own nuances power, 7X itch cream and Quco hair sustained," explains Justin Sargent, and it is pointless to get into markets perfume.managing director, Nielsen India. where your brand cannot break the The New Delhi-headquartered personal Such apparent dangers are not deterring clutter and you land up being a me-too." care firm Vi-John is another regional a clutch of regional powerhouses like Brand consultants say entrepreneurs player that is putting up national Ghari detergents in the North, Wagh like Virani and Singh have good reason outposts. Says CEO Vimal Pande: "Our Bakri tea and Balaji Wafers in the West, to play it safe.field force in the South and the East is SAJ Food Products (which owns Bisk "It can be a vicious circle of dreaming now as strong as it is in the North. Our Farm) in the East and Cholayil (which big without the resources. It makes presence was weaker in Maharashtra owns brands like Medimix and good business sense to grow state-wise and we are in the process of Cuticura) in the South from looking and each state in India is the size of strengthening it."beyond their backyards. France. So why go on this big expensive Jyothy Laboratories is a great example Consider Wagh Bakri, which rules the ego trip to go national," asks Sunil of how a single-product (Ujjala liquid roost in Gujarat. Over the past couple of Alagh, chairman, SKA Advisors. fabric whitener) regional marketer went years, the company has forayed into Alpana Parida, president, DMA Yellow on not just to command a national Mumbai and New Delhi with its tea Works, a brand consultancy, says there presence but to acquire a multinational lounges. Says Parag Desai, executive are not too many regional brands that rival - Henkel India, the Indian arm of director at Wagh Bakri: "Our strategy is have a differentiator other than price.the German laundry & home care to completely swamp every district in Damodar Mall, foods director at Future corporation. Post-Henkel, Jyothy today one state in distribution and marketing Group, says, "Unless one has the right is a multi-brand consumer products before moving into another." product, adequate production facilities company with a pan-India, rural and

Darshan Patel, a co-founder of Paras and a supply chain to back a national urban presence.

Pharma who broke away from his elder venture, national food launches can fail Ullas Kamath, joint managing director brother in 2006 to start up the Vini miserably."of Jyothi Laboratories, has a few tips for


Rising BrandsRising Brands




Efficient Packaging

Innovations presented in unity

Ÿ High productivity, flexibility, cost savings

and low energy consumption are just some of

the characteristics that food manufacturers

expect from packaging lines. Recently, the

first horizontal flow wrapper Sigpack HCUR

with ultrasonic sealing was launched by

Bosch Packaging Technology. The machine

can be integrated with the Intelligent

Transport system (ITS), a new product infeed

unit for horizontal flow wrappers. The

Sigpack HCUR is based on the established

Sigpack HCx machine platform. Equipped

with the new ultrasonic sealing technology,

the machine produces packages of the highest

quality with an output of up to 800 pieces and

a maximum film speed of 80 meters per

minute. The combination of the horizontal

flow wrapper with the ITS is one of the latest

innovations in packaging technology

globally.


To allow constant production at high remarkable amount of energy savings . sealing quality. The vibrations speeds, it is essential that products are Instead of using heat, this method joins generated by ultrasonic sealing evenly fed to the film; this proves to be a thermoplastic materials together by equipment displace product remains demanding challenge. The ITS by emitting high frequency vibrations. The from the seam area and thus guarantee a Bosch Packaging Technology fulfills energy required for sealing is only secure seal.

The use of ultrasonic sealing this requirement. It balances out created in the precise sealing area.Another advantage of using ultrasonic technology also benefits the ongoing product flow irregularities, creates sealing is that the infeed system does operation of the machine. The defined spaces and synchronizes not heat up. Heat is only developed possibility of film sticking to the sealing product and film speeds. The ITS takes directly at the jaws. If a machine stops jaws, the bunching of materials and the over the individual feeding of each during production there is therefore no production of unsealed packages is product to the packaging machine and

lowered. This reduces cleaning efforts replaces the common infeed chain and decreases downtime. Because including the interval and acceleration ultrasonic sealing is a cold technology it line. Consistent product intervals are is not necessary to clean hot sealing generated in traditional methods by jaws, which reduces the risk of burn braking the interval and then injuries for the operator. For food accelerating it again. The ITS uses the manufacturers this means significantly same principle but requires less time risk of products melting, resulting in improved operating times and and storage space. less product wastage.

In addition, the system ensures careful increased operator safety. The ultrasonic sealing technology "Flexibility and high productivity product transport of sensitive and non- enables energy to be controlled directly, coupled with sustainability are accumulating food and confectionery which allows for a ramp function, extremely important for our customers. products, such as bars. As a result of a meaning the production can be easily The cost savings associated with using small deflection radius, the ITS can stopped and started again. The sealing is ultrasonic sealing arising from lower transfer products directly to the done within a specific sealing window energy consumption, material savings packaging material of the horizontal for the film and can thus respond and higher machine availability provide flow wrapper. Despite the compact flexibly to speed variations in the much greater freedom of action. The design, it achieves high output levels. process. The machine can also be sped

The ITS is a mechatronical system ITS also provides high flexibility in up directly from zero to an output of 800 powered by linear motors, in which terms of adjusting the production p roduc t s pe r minu te wi thou t o v e r 3 0 c a r r i e r s a r e m o v e d volume," explained Philipp Schenker, compromising the quality of the sealing independently and wear-free. A Product Manager at Bosch Packaging seams. In the case of heat sealing at such programmable logic controller (PLC) Technology. high speeds there may be open or

Food manufacturers benefit from using monitors and permanently regulates burned sealing seams because cooling ultrasonic sealing combined with ITS: each carrier. In order to fulfill high or heating up the sealing tools is time-on the one hand the use of ultrasonic demands for precision and dynamics, consuming.sealing represents a cost- and process-an Ethernet-based real-time bus system Another advantage of ultrasonic sealing efficient alternative to traditional is used. This enables the ITS to reach a is a reduction in material costs as it sealing technologies. On the other speed of more than three meters per allows manufacturers to use film hand, the ITS offers key advantages in second. A multi-position detection materials with lower costs. The films terms of flexibility, speed and space system ensures that the exact position of required for heat sealing to date can be requirements compared to traditional each carrier can be determined at all replaced by thinner, much lower cost infeed systems. times – a reference run is not required. films. Ultrasonic sealing also generates In addition to the stated advantages of While the products are fed into the thinner longitudinal and cross seams, ultrasonic sealing technology and the horizontal flow wrapper Sigpack which requires less packaging material. ITS, the machine model Sigpack HCUR using the ITS, the film coming Other possibilities for cost savings are HCUR provides convenient operating from the machine's reel of unwinder is created by the much higher processing systems with touch panels and user-shaped into a tube and the long side is speeds when using ultrasonic sealing, friendly functions for setting and saving then sealed using ultrasonic sealing which enables higher productivity.various processing parameters. The technology, which replaces heat or cold Bosch's ultrasonic sealing technology machine's design provides easy access sealing technologies used to date on also offers decisive benefits in terms of to all of the machine components.flow wrappers. In contrast to heat p r o d u c t s a f e t y . I n c a s e o f Philipp Schenker, Product Manager at sealing, with ultrasonic sealing the jaws contaminations of the sealing seam, the Bosch Packaging Technologydo not need to be preheated, resulting in new technology reduces the risk of poor

Efficient Packaging




Beverages Packaging

PACKAGING OF BEVERAGES

expected to grow to Rs. 1,05,000 million 1 and growth rate of IMFL categories is he beverage industry is one by the year 2005. The production of soft given in Figure 2. among the front-liners where

The Indian beer market estimated drinks has increased from 6230 million massive investments are being Tcurrently at Rs. 7,500 million a year has bottles in 1999-2000 to 6560 million made for expansion and technological been growing at the rate of 15% per bottles during the year 2001-2002. Table upgradation. The packaging of annum.1 gives the production of soft drinks. beverages both carbonated and non-The term “beverage” is derived from Tetrapack drinks market is currently carbonated, is a complex technological French word “Beivre” which means a growing at the rate of 10% with a total branch in the Food Processing drink. General meaning of a drink market share of 48%. The alcoholic /Packaging industry. The traditional includes a prepared drink.beverages industry, covers Indian Made returnable glass bottle has given way to According to the Fruit Products Order Foreign Liquors (IMFL), country liquor newer plastic containers as well as (FPO) 1955 Act, Fruit Beverage or and beer. IMFL includes wine, whisky, cartons. The current trend is to improve Fruits Drink means a beverage or drink gin, rum, brandy the conventional containers, extend their

and other white share in the large market, extend the spir i ts . IMFL shelf-life of the products, provide industry in India greater consumer convenience and is roughly valued ultimately to produce economic at Rs. 28,000 packages.

The changing Indian scenario, with crores, growing implementation of various technologies at a rate of 9-10% and market promotion activities, has per annum in changed the scope for this industry volume terms. exponentially. The market size The Indian soft drink market is worth Rs. f o r I M F L 21,600 million a year with a growth of ca t egor i e s i n around 7%. The soft drinks segment is shown in Figure

Table 1Production of Soft Drinks

Year Bottles( in million)

1997-1998 4920

1998-1999 5670

1999-2000 6230

2000-2001 6450

2001-2002 6600

[Source: Ministry of Food Processing Industry –Annual Report (2001-02)]


Vitamin C.Colour and Flavour: They are very important, and many fruit drinks contain certain legally permitted colourings. These are added to overcome the bleaching effect of the sulphite used as a preservative, and to provide an attractive appearance. Spoilage of fruit juices is mainly due to yeast. Its growth depends upon the temperature. Spoilage of raw fruit juice at room temperature results in alcoholic fermentation, followed by the oxidation of alcohol and fruit acids by yeasts or which is prepared from fruit juice and considered in relation to packaging moulds growing on the surface. Hence water or carbonated water and are:every living yeast cell must be removed Acidity: All the fruit juices usually containing sugar, dextrose, invert sugar or suppressed by pasteurization, maintain an acidic character because or liquid glucose. The minimum filtration and/or preservatives.

Key parameters to be considered when selecting a packaging system are:*ProcessDistr ibution, shelf- l i fe requirements, legislation*Product composition and quality as produced and at full shelf-life*Product protection required during storage, distribution and retail sale Pack size, printing options, display etc.* Packing system concept, automation options, ability to integrate with existing and/or future systems*Consumer appeal, image of product and packing

The different packaging materials used are:

percentage of fruit juice in the final they contain Glass Containers: The use of glass organic acids.product shall not be less than 5%. Fruit bottles for the packaging of fruit

syrup connotes sweetened fruit juice of beverages was widespread although the Enzymes: Enzymes exist in all fruit not less than 25% of fruit juice. hot-fill/hold/cool process had to be juices. Sometimes they have to be applied with care to avoid breakage of destroyed and sometimes to be added.Product Characteristics & Packaging the containers. Glass is still the preferred

Mater ia l s for Non-Alcoho l i c packaging medium for high qualityVitamin C (ascorbic acid): The Beveragesfruit beverages. However, over recent Vitamin C content of a fruit increases Non-alcoholic beverages are further years, an increasing proportion is being until just before ripening, and then classified into non-carbonated and packed aseptically, into cartons.decreases due to the action of an carbonated drinks.The improvements that have occurred in enzyme, ascorbic acid oxidase. When Non-Carbonated Drinksglass bottle packaging are: Fruit Beverages fruits are cooked, most of the ascorbic Light weightThese include fruit juices, fruit drinks, acid transfers from the tissue into the *Surface coating to increase abrasion

and fruit nectars. They contain fruit liquid or may be oxidized, oxidation resistance

juice, water, sugar, dextrose, invert occurring more easily in iron, copper or *Use of wide mouth containers fitted sugar etc. The major deterioration that badly tinned vessels. Losses of Vitamin with easy-open-caps.occurs in fruit beverages is loss of C also occur during storage. Storing at nutrition, physico-chemical changes and low temperature, and preventing contact Metal Containers: Tinplate cans made microbial growth. The product with air and light reduces this. Addition of low carbon mild steel of 99.75% characteristics to be of sulphite has a preserving effect on

Figure 1: Market size under IMFL Category (2000 – 2001)

Rum

16%

Rs 44,800 million

Brandy

16%

Rs 44,800 million

White Spirts (Gin,

Vodka & White Rum)

4%

Rs 11,000 million

Others

2%

Rs 5600 million

Whisky

62%

Rs 1,73600 million

Total Value

Rs 2,80,000 million

[Source: Investment Research & Information Services Ltd. – Annual Report 2001]

Figure 2: Growth Rate Of IMFL Categories (2000 – 2001)

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%Whisky Brandy Rum Gin V odka

Beverages Packaging




drinking straw, which is attached to the package. Some recent trends are pull-tab opening, which can be readily detached from a pre-punched hole without compromising the package integrity. Also, custom designed caps and closures can be incorporated on beverage cartons for easier pouring and for enhancing the brand image. Also, the beverage cartons are now available in new prisma shape, which is comfortable to hold, and the unique shape offers maximum display effectiveness and high space efficiency.These packs are shelf-stable at room temperature and the shelf-life and nutrient composition of the fruit juice is influenced by the barrier properties of the tetrapak.

purity, coated with tin with easy open minimizes the permeability to oxygen. Bag-in-Box System: It consists of a ends are used. These tinplate containers Flexible laminated pouches like collapsible bag within a rigid container, are either 3 piece or 2 piece containers. meta l l i sed polyes ter /polyes ter / a filling machine to introduce the liquid They are lacquered internally to prevent polyethylene are used for hot fill product into the bag and a dispenser to corrosion. packaging method without retorting for draw the product out. Plastic Containers: Fruit juices contain acidic fruit juices. These are used either Bag: The outer container can be a box, a organic substances, which are sensitive as flat pouches or stand-up pouches. crate or a drum. The bag actually to bacterial contamination. Packaging of However, the shelf-life of the product in consists of two bags. An inner bag such products is done through hot filling, these pouches is limited. contains the liquid and an outer bag to achieve extended shelf-life, PET Aseptic Packages: Ready to serve fruit provides the barrier properties. Both are bottles are usually used for hot filling beverages and fruit pulps / concentrates, heat-sealed at the edges. The tubular applications. Special features are added packed in aseptic packages provide spout fitted to the bag aids in filling and to the containers through design and excellent protection for fruit juices / dispensing of the product. As little as 3 manufacturing process. The package is pulps. These aseptic packages are made litres or as much as 1000 litres, can be heat-set in order to improve the by combining thermoplastic with packed.temperature resistance of the containers. paperboard and aluminium foil. Their The bag is the “life” of the system. The PET resins with a higher Tg (glass multi-layered construction enables the b a g i t s e l f c o n s i s t s o f t h re e transition) temperature and/or a faster carton to protect the contents from components:rate of crystallisation are used. Normally various factors responsible for spoilage. i. An inner layer

ii. An outer layerhot-filled PET bottles are designed The aluminium foil layer is a strong iii. A spoutabout 1.5 times heavier than cold-filled barrier for O2 and light. The inner The function of the inner layer, the one in bottles. Reinforcing ribs and grooves are plastic layer made of polyethylene contact with the material being packed, also provided along the circumference makes it possible to seal through the is to provide the bag with seal integrity. and base of the bottle. After filling and liquid. The outer paper layer provides The seals are to be strong enough to capping operations, the liquid continues stiffness making it possible for the withstand constant mechanical and to cool, which results in formation of cartons in a brick shape, thus, enabling chemical “pressure” for at least twice the vacuum. The bottle wall can deform maximum utilisation of available expected shelf-life of the product. under the influence of vacuum, and this storage and transportation space. Generally, the inner layer is not designed problem is overcome by providing Excellent graphics are possible leading for barrier unless the product needs extra vacuum panels in the container side to good display and shelf appeal and also barrier, which the outer layer cannot wall. Generally, lower levels of PET co- providing information regarding the provide. Plastic films manufactured polymer are preferred and intrinsic product. The aseptic process makes the from high performance viscosities of about 80 are acceptable. product bacteria-free before being polyethylene, with excellent sealing Flexible plastic packages offer packaged.and puncture properties are usually economic savings over conventional To provide convenient access to the used as inner layer materials.glass and metal containers but they are contents, beverage cartons offer a The function of the outer layer is to permeable to oxygen. Therefore, it is variety of opening devices. A familiar p rov ide the bag wi th ba r r i e r critical to select a flexible package that opening feature of the pack is the commensurate with the expectation of

Classification

Fruit juices

Fruit Drinks

Fruit Nectar’s

Coffee, Tea

Soda

Coca – Cola

Tonic Water

Non

distilled

Wine

Distilled

Brandy

Distilled

Whisky

Non Carbonated Carbonated Fruit/sap Grain

Non – alcoholic Alcoholic

Beverage

Non

distilled

Beer

Beverages Packaging


the shelf-life of the product. In this Evolution of CO2, which is emitted different types of beverages). A variety respect, bag in box scores over other during the roasting process. of ingredients like flavouring agents,

Ingress of moisture in instant coffee packaging forms, because unlike other colouring agents, preservatives, results in caking. This usually happenspackaging materials like jars and cans, artificial sweeteners, antioxidants and when the moisture content reaches 7-the barrier property and hence the cost of foaming agents are then added.8%. The initial moisture content of Two major deteriorative changes that this packaging form can be varied. The instant coffee is 2-4%. occur in carbonated drinks are the loss of shelf-life expectations and storage Hence, while developing packaging carbonation and rancidification of condition play an important part in system for coffee the following are to be essential flavouring oils. The first is de t e rmin ing wha t t he ba r r i e r considered: largely a function of the effectiveness of requirements of the outer layer needs to Moisture vapour ingress the package in providing a barrier to gas be. The standard outside layer is a Oxygen permeability permeation, while the latter can be metallised film laminate, which under CO2 and Volatile component egress

prevented by the use of high quality standard conditions has an OTR of Grease resistanceflavourings and antioxidants, and de-1cc/m2 /24hrs. The packaging materials used are aerating the mix prior to carbonation. t inpla te conta iners , composi te

The spout and cap assembly are made Oxidative rancidity is reduced by the containers, glass jars and flexible plastic of injection moulded plastics. The effectiveness of the package in pouches. The flexible laminates most spout is provided with a flange, which is providing a barrier to gas permeation.widely used are 12µ PET / 2µ Al Foil / welded to the bag's inner layer during Hence, the carbonated drink package

70µ LDPE and MET PET / LDPE. bag's manufacture. The spout and cap requires a container that will hold

Aluminium foil lined plastic pouches are have two functions. They are used to fill pressure and not contribute off flavours.

most popular having 59% contribution the product in the bag and are also used For many years virtually all carbonated

in terms of volume.to dispense the product from the pack. soft drinks were packaged in glass Several spout types are available bottles sealed with crown cork. In recent Tearanging from a simple bung like years, non-returnable glass bottles are The unique taste and colour of tea is configuration to ones, which can only be giving way to refillable bottles. These because of polyphenols (cate chins) and opened on the filling machine. The caps have a foam plastic protective label of amino acids (theamine). The flavour is come with various tamper evident paper/poly or an all plastic shrink sleeve, due to the essential oils present in fresh features as well. as a safety measure to prevent flying of leaves and volatile components Rigid Containers: The purpose of this glass fragments in case of breakage of developed during the manufacturing container, is to hold the bag during these containers. The crown closure has process. storage, transportation and use. As is been replaced with a roll-on aluminium The different types of tea are: Black tea evident, the bag being made from screw cap with tamper proof facility.(fermented), Oolong tea (semi-flexible films, is incapable of being Among the metal containers, the 3-piece processed) and Green tea (non stored and transported by itself. Hence, tinplate containers have been used since fermented).each bag is individually stored into rigid long for the packaging of carbonated Deterioration is caused by loss of outer container post filling. For packs of beverages. These are being replaced volatile components, increase in capacity below 50 litres, corrugated now by 2-piece aluminium cans. These undesirable “taints” arising from fibreboard cartons are generally used as cans retain the integrity of lacquer better oxidation reaction from fatty acids. the rigid containers. Beyond that plastics than tin cans. Vinyl, epoxy and vinyl Deterioration in green tea is caused by and metal drums are used. For very large organosol coatings are used as lacquers reduction in ascorbic acid content, bags, 1000 litres, + polygonal (6-8 faces) for aluminium cans. Epoxy amine change in colour from bright green to corrugated fibreboard containers made provides good adhesion, colour and olive green and change in odour.from 7 to 9 ply are used, though there are The most common packaging material is flexibility to the can.

Among the plastic containers, PET other alternatives as well. paperboard carton with a liner or an bottles are the most preferred packaging overwrap of PP or regenerated cellulosic

Coffee material for packaging of soft drinks. film. Other types are plastic jars, bottles, Coffee is made from the coffee beans, The factors that influence the selection pouches, strips and envelopes. Plastic which is converted into a consumable of a plastic package intended to contain pouches have captured 12% of the tea beverage. Some of CSD are indicated in Figure 3.market. the major deterioration reactions in Sof t d r inks have a maximum coffee are: Carbonated Drinks permissible level of 20ppm for citrus Staling: This may be due to loss of Carbonated drinks contain carbonated flavoured beverages and 40ppm for cola flavour volatiles or due to chemical water, flavour, colour, sweeteners and drinks while the water loss is of the order changes caused by moisture and oxygen preservatives. CO2 gas from pure source of 1%. Also, the loss of CO2 through the absorption is dissolved in water (amount varies with wall must be allowed for. While

Beverages Packaging


53



percentage of alcohol per litre. The border between the two kinds of drink is about 20%. The different types of alcoholic beverages are beer, wine, whiskey, brandy etc.

Non Distilled Alcoholic Beverages Beer (Grain Based): Beer is made from grains and has low alcoholic content around 5% by volume. Barley is the chief grain, but rice and corn are also used. The grains are brewed and increasing thickness will decrease the has high intrinsic viscosity and lower co-fermented and then carbonated with rate of CO2 permeation, the cost of the p o l y m e r l e v e l s .CO2 and flavoured with hops to give a bottle, will also increase and so a Currently, more than 90% of PET is b i t t e r f l a v o u r .compromise has to be made. Other consumed in food packaging with Owing to its low pH (about 4.0), problems to be considered in plastic beverages/drinks forming nearly 80%. microbial degradation is not usually a containers are creep and elastic The breakup of world PET resin problem with beer, and the use of deformation. The polyethylene consumption by weight expressed as pasteurization and aseptic cold filtration terephthalate (PET) bottle satisfies most percentage share is shown in the Figure 4excludes yeast. However, during storage Among other materials suitable to of the requirements for packaging of beer can undergo irreversible changes contain CSD, polyethylene naphthalate carbonated soft drinks.leading to appearance of haze, Improved blow moulding techniques (PEN) meets several requirements such development of off-flavours and and bi-axial stretching have made PET as physical, chemical and barrier increased colour. The oxidation reaction container to be pressurised due to its properties. It has a barrier to CO2 , O2 , gives beer a “card-board-like” flavour. strength, dimensional stability and water vapour and UV light which is 4-5 Flavour loss is also accelerated in the precision. times better than PET. Also, PEN is presence of light and certain metal ions. Also, they have a glass like appearance, lighter in weight and has better shatter The fermentation process consumes good transparency, lustre, chemical resistance. As pure PEN is expensive, it oxygen. Also, brewing reduces the level inertness and unbreakability. is blended with PET to form a co-of oxygen in beer to 40-50 ppb prior to polymer, still far too expensive to be

Advantages of PET Containers p a c k a g i n g .used by bottle manufacturers.The advantages of PET container are: During the packaging process, Superior packaging to product ratio: atmospheric oxygen enters the package Product Characteristics & Packaging PET container being 63% and 47% more and the level of oxygen contamination Materials for Alcoholic Beveragesenergy efficient than glass bottles and Alcoholic drinks originated through the r e a c h e s 2 5 0 - 5 0 0 p p b , w h i c h aluminium cans respectively. action of yeast cells on sugar containing corresponds to 0.1-0.2 ml of oxygen per PET bottles are 32% more energy liquids. Alcoholic drinks are aromatic 335 ml bottle or can. This results in a efficient than glass bottles during liquids with a specified alcohol content. shelf-life of beer of 80 to 120 days. The delivery of 1000 gallons of soft drinks. Some kinds contain carbon dioxide, oxygen consumption of beer varies with Glass bottles and Aluminium-cans others a quantity of sugar. They are the composition of the beer, its age, generate 230% and 175% times more either fruit/sap based or grain based. p r e s en ce o f r ed u c in g ag en t s , atmospheric emissions compared to They can either be non-distilled or t e m p e r a t u r e e t c .PET. distilled depending on the volume The traditional packaging media for beer PET bottles contribute 68% and 18% less solid waste by weight compared to glass and aluminium containers. 100 kg of oil is required to produce 1000 1-litre PET bottles as against 230 kg for 1000 equivalent glass bottles. PET bottles help in fuel saving due to their lower weight. The resins used in PET bottles to pack carbonated drinks are of a very special quality. The PET bottles have to be extremely strong to contain the internal pressure of CO2 without distortion and expansion.This is obtained by using a resin, which

Figure 3: Factors to be Considered for CSD Packages

CO2

H2O vapour

Aroma

Taint

Oxygen

Migration

Plastic Containerfor CSD

Figure 4: PET Resin Consumption

Others

Drinks

10%

Water

22%

Others

11%

CSD

43%

Beer

14%

[Source: Beverage and Food World, September 2002]

Beverages Packaging


is the glass bottle sealed with a crown films, a closure and a tubular spout tap, this membrane is fully sealed to the closure. Recent development is the use through which the contents are filled and gland and the potential entry path is of PET bottles for packaging of beer. dispensed, and a rigid outer box or greatly reduced. As a result the bag is Types of PET beer bottles used are non- container. The bag is generally completely sealed and is totally tunnel pasterurised, one way tunnel constructed from co-extruded film of independent of the tap until the pasterurised and returnable / re-fillable EVA-BA-EVOH-BAEVA or LDPE- membrane is broached when the pack is b o t t l e s . BA-EVOH-BA-LDPE. The features of just opened by the consumer. A cross Beer needs high performance in both the bag-in-box system of packaging section of the membrane and gland CO2 and O2 barrier compared to PET have been explained earlier in the before and after filling is shown in used in carbonated soft drinks (CSD) c h a p t e r . F i g u r e 5 .applications. The level required depends The physical strength of the bag is of Wines are also available in PET bottles on the type of beer, container size, prime importance and must remain and in stand-up pouches of metallised distribution channels and environmental intact throughout distribution and polyester laminates. conditions (storage time, temperature subsequent storage. Under normal

Distilled Alcoholic Beveragesand humidity levels). Improvements in circumstances, the bags are subjected to Brandy and Whisky: These drinks are the barrier can be obtained via two forms of stress: hydraulic shock obtained by distillation of alcohol colourants, creating multi-layer bottles ( n o r m a l l y c a u s e d b y s u d d e n containing drinks. During distillation and scavengers. Protection from U. V. acceleration/deacceleration of the pack) the aqueous part is separated from the light is obtained by adding colourants or and flex crack. By using polymers, alcohol. The distillates obtained are sold U. V. additives, during the injection which have high flex resistance and under several names like brandy, gin, moulding stage. Because of the varied improving the adhesion between the whisky cognac, vodka, etc and have requirements for beer, the resins chosen films, the strength of the bag can be d i f f e r e n t a l c o h o l p e r c e n t a g e .must provide an adequate barrier, UV i n c r e a s e d .Because of their high alcohol protection and clarity. Beer bottles need One problem associated with the percentages, these liquors are mostly strength in order to maintain the CO2 packaging of wine into bag-in-box packed in glass bottles so that they can pressure over a wide range of system is the decrease in shelf-life as be kept for an infinite time after opening. temperatures. Intrinsic viscosities in the compared to that obtained using The bottles are sealed to prevent alcohol range of 0.8 to 0.84 are normally used. traditional glass bottles. This is due from evaporating and to protect the Since the PET bottles are lighter, a truck topermeation of oxygen through the contents of the bottles from dirt and dust.can carry 60% more of the beverage and valve material of the tap. By improving

80% less packaging–a fuel saving of the barrier properties of the bag and the C o n c l u s i o n40% and less air pollution. design of the tap the problem can be Tea, coffee, fruit juices, alcoholic drinks solved. A special heatsealable and carbonated soft drinks are the most Wine (Fruit/Sap based): Wine is a membrane is partially attached to the popular beverages in the Indian society b e v e r a g e r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e gland during manufacture of the bag. today. Sophisticated packaging media fermentation by yeasts of the juice of After filling but prior to insertion of the and techniques have enabled retention of grapes with appropriate processing and the unique taste, colour and aroma of additions. The major deteriorative these beverages while in transportation reaction in wines is caused by oxidation, and storage. The traditional returnable the oxygen gradually changing the wine glass bottles have given way to newer character, leading to development of plastic containers as packing solutions. browning and undesirable flavours.In rigid applications, glass, metal and The most common form of packaging plastics are the major packaging used for wines is the glass bottle sealed material used. Flexible plastic packages with natural cork. Since wines are offer economical savings over affected by sunlight, the bottles usually conventional glass and metal containers. used are of coloured glass.Use of PET bottles for packing alcoholic Bottled wine is normally stored in the beverages and carbonated soft drinks horizontal position so that the cork is have revolutionized the packaging kept moist, thereby providing a better industry in India. The use of plastic barrier to the ingress of oxygen.packaging in the beverage market will The most significant change in the witness high growth.packaging of wine resulted from the

development of the bag-in-box package: a flexible, collapsible, fully sealed bag made from one or more plies of synthetic

Figure 5: Bag-in-box before andafter Filling

Beverages Packaging




he new ZIP-PAK® Vector™ a consumer-preferred solution.”From shredded and sliced cheese, deli resealable matrix from Zip-Pak, meat, snacks, cereal, candy and Tthe global leader in materials and vegetables to pet foods and garden machinery for resealable packaging, fertilizer, Vector™ resealable matrix is brings a new level of consumer ideal for a variety of applications.convenience to flexible packaging. Vector™ resealable matrix's ability to Featuring a proprietary self-sealing mate to itself will also advance new matrix that closes securely without exact packaging concepts that require a self-alignment of opposing segments, the sealing closure, including Pour & Lok™ solution provides tactile and audible and Zip360™. Pour & Lok™ from Inno-feedback for reassurance of complete Flex allows products to be poured from fastening with each use. The airtight seal the side gusset of a package, making it a also helps lock in product freshness.consumer convenience enhancement for As the only resealable closure supplier a range of dry goods in large format with an in-house equipment division – pouches. Unique to Zip-Pak and its Zip-Pak Systems – the company licensed partners, Pour & Lok™ can be developed the Vector™ resealable p r e - a p p l i e d u s i n g I n n o - L o k ™ matrix for integration into existing equipment and can run on standard flexible packaging lines with only minor vertical form fill seal (VFFS) machines modifications to machinery. For brand with a simple side gusset modification.managers, retailers, and converters, the Zip360™ is a wide-mouth pouch format system minimizes investments in capital that features a Vector™ resealable matrix equipment and downtime. Zip-Pak also around the entire opening, enabling easy offers extensive consultation to access to contents and simple closure. consumer product goods companies and The new pouch format's wide-mouth store brands transitioning into resealable opening allows consumers of snacks, flexible packaging or launching new frozen products, cookies and crackers, products.and pet food and treats to easily access “Self-mating closures are an easy-to-use and scoop contents. With space for alternative to traditional zipper profiles graphics around the entire surface area of and are gaining tremendous traction with the pouch, Zip360™ also maximizes the brand managers , retai lers , and point-of-purchase impact. Like all of consumers,” says Robert E. Hogan, Zip-Pak's resealable flexible packaging Director, Global Marketing at Zip-Pak. solutions, Vector™ resealable matrix “Zip-Pak has combined its exclusive eliminates the need for consumers to focus on quality resealable closures for transfer contents into a separate, packaging and extensive machinery unbranded container, keeping marketing knowledge to design the new Vector™ messages in front of the consumer to the resealable matrix and application last use.system, ensuring a seamless transition to

News

New vector™ resealable matrx delivers convenience consumers can hear and feel


Logistics

rost & Sullivan says that opportunities for the nation's logistics 95% of total volumes in 2010,” he said. Malaysia's highly recognized market,” he predicted, adding that Gopal said that cargo volume by sea is Fhalal certifi cation system has foreign direct investments are likely to fl expected to grow 12.5% to 493.7 million

given it an advantage to develop into the ow into the electronics and electrical, oil tons in 2011. He added that Port Klang, region's halal logistics hub. and gas, healthcare and solar-related Malaysia's busiest container port,

industries. contributed 37.8% of total sea Gopal R, VP of transportation and throughput in 2010 while Port of logistics practice, Asia Pacifi c and In 2010, the third party logistics market Tanjung Pelepas contributed 22%.country head for Malaysia at Frost & (transportation, storage and courier

Sullivan said that green logistics services) were valued at RM27.5 billion, He also predicts cargo volume by air to practices and the development of halal while in-house logistics costs/spending grow 12% to 1.03 million tons in 2011 as logistics are likely to help Malaysia to i n t he Ma lays i an economy – compared to 918,100 tons. He said that transform itself into a regional logistics manufacturing, mining, agriculture, Kuala Lumpur International Airport hub in the future. telecommunications, construction, contributed about 73% to the total cargo

energy, fi nance, trade and government volume by air in the country. “The highly recognized halal certifi services- were valued at RM81 billion. Meanwhile, cargo volume by rail is cation system in Malaysia has given the The Malaysian logistics industry is expected to increase 3.7% to 5.5 million country an advantage to develop and forecast to grow at a compound annual tons in 2011.position itself as the halal logistics hub in growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6% to reach the region,” he added. He also said that Classic outsourcing activities such as RM196.5 billion in 2015, Gopal said. He M a l a y s i a h a s t h e n e c e s s a r y transportation, freight forwarding and said that the investment-friendly infrastructure such as halal logistics warehousing are the most sought after environment created by the Malaysian parks and warehouses at its ports, which logistics activities in Malaysia in 2010.Government will also boost subsectors will further aid the growth of the halal “Value-added services such as packing of the logistics industry such as import-logistics sector. and labeling, reverse logistics, quality export forwarding, shipping and

The Malaysian logistics industry is assurance and control and information airfreight related businesses. However,

expected to grow 11.5% to RM121 management are the top 10 logistics he cautioned that growth in the

billion ($39.7 billion) in 2011 as functions outsourced in Malaysia in Malaysian logistics industry could be

compared to RM108.5 billion a year 2010,” he added. Currently, the use of hampered by the lack of skilled logistics

ago, supported by the country's strong technology in the logistics industry is professionals, fragmented nature of the

external trade and stable economic mainly focused on warehousing, bar logistics sector and lack of emphasis in

outlook. Gopal said that external trade coding and transportation management value-added services by logistics service

for Malaysia is expected to increase 10% systems. “The adoption of visibility providers.

year-on-year to RM1.28 trillion in 2011 tools such as RFID (radio-frequency Gopal forecasts Malaysia's total cargo as compared to RM1.16 trillion in 2010. identifi cation) or smart labeling system volumes to increase 12.4% to 498.4 and GPS (global positioning systems) or “High technology and capital intensive million tons in 2011 as compared to vehicle tracking systems are still at its projects under the 10th Malaysian Plan 443.4 million tons in 2010. “Sea-freight infancy stage with an average of 35% and Economic Transformation Program is the most popular mode of transport for using the technologies,” he added.(ETP) are expected to c rea te cargoes in Malaysia, handling more than

Malaysia Becoming a

Halal Logistics HubFrost & Sullivan




Distribution





he food and beverage industry information. This paper also explores chain management in this industry are faces many challenges — how many food and beverage companies tougher than ever due to rapidly Tensuring food safety, keeping up fail to invest enough in tools that would changing markets and customer

with regulatory and compliance boost their supply-chain performance. demands (such as new food trends, mandates, managing constantly shifting At the same time, Food and Beverage promotion-driven purchasing, shifting customer demands, and squeezing Distribution: Information Integration consumer preferences) , supply margins from complex distribution Advantages details how an integrated fluctuations (such as logistics delays, networks. The key to success in tackling enterprise resourcing planning (ERP) crop failures, product embargoes), and these challenges is information — solution can help food and beverage evolving food-safety standards and capturing data up and down the supply companies bring goods from growers to regulations.

All these external events, trends and chain and providing access for analysis consumers more safely and more activities represent vast amounts of data so that executives can make rapid, profitably.

Few industries confront the complex that should inform decision-making — informed decisions. For most companies distribution challenges that face food if the information is available in real and supply chains of scale (i.e., mid-and beverage companies. Coordinating time, so that the right goods of high market or larger), this type of the safe and profitable delivery of quality move to the right destinations sophisticated information management tomorrow's meals across a supply chain (processors , packaging plants , requires a common, integrated that includes far-flung farms, factories, warehouses, restaurants, customers). information technology platform.

Food and Beverage Distribution: and stores is a difficult, high-risk activity Just as importantly, this external Information Integration Advantages that invites regulatory scrutiny and information must be viewed within a highlights current obstacles to disastrous publicity when distribution context of internal data from sales performance faced by food and beverage processes and supply chains fail departments, warehouses, processing companies, as well as solutions based on (contaminated products, product recalls facilities, etc. This can't be done with improved access to accurate and timely — or worse). Distribution and supply- spreadsheets alone; making information

Executive Summary


Distribution

available and actionable within a variety of companies, locations, and software applications requires the advanced

Lack of Supply-Chain

Perspective Food-borne illness outbreaks highlight the risks in food distribution, while best practices, such as those at Pasfrost and JJ Food, demonstrate the benefits of a well-monitored supply chain. All these examples underscore the business reasons for tracking food distribution, which can make the difference between a company's success or failure in getting

individual suppliers as they move downstream to customers. Accurate product data improves warehouse efficiency and helps ensure compliance to strict safety standards, such as the British Retail Consortium standard for traceability.Pasfrost reports that “thanks to our efficient, computerized tracing system we know exactly when and where a vegetable was grown, and the work we did on it.” Pasfrost pursues management standards that are stricter than those applied by the Belgian and European authorities. “This is also why we

supply chains grow. Yet tracking is core c o n t i n u e t o m a k e s i g n i f i c a n t to food safety and brand reputation. investments in technology and people.”Jorge Hernandez, senior VP of food JJ Food Service, a U.K.-based food

functionality of an integrated, easy-to- safety and quality assurance for U.S. distributor, similarly invested in use IT platform. Foodservice (USF), one of the largest technology to gain a competitive A good example of how data is broadline U.S. distributors with about a d v a n t a g e t h r o u g h i m p r o v e d frequently not managed well across a 250,000 customers and 3,000 suppliers, productivity, installing a new call-center food and beverage supply chain was the lists five areas of unique challenges and business-management system. peanut butter salmonella outbreak in facing food safety today: Through better scheduling, the company 2008. The first signs of a salmonella Food industry distribution (number and was able to improve distribution times problem appeared in late summer, but it f r a g m e n t a t i o n o f f o o d s e r v i c e and handle an extra £31 million wasn't until fall 2008 that salmonella distributors, infrastructure capabilities, (approximately U.S.$46 million) of cases were confirmed — although food safety knowledge) business a year with the same resources.

Management systems (receipt, officials still hadn't identified the source. Mushtaque Ahmed, JJ Food Service unloading/loading, storage, rotation, An investigation of a cluster of cases at a senior business operations manager, trucks, drops) Minnesota nursing home pointed to a said, “We wanted to maintain our Distribution practices (cross-docking, peanut butter manufacturer, and on leading position in the market by gaining merger-in-transit, backhauling) January 9, 2009 the manufacturer's competitive advantage. There were Food handling (rework, repack, rebox)product tested positive for salmonella several new areas we wanted to plan Traceability through the supply chain typhimurium. “At that point the FDA ahead for, such as online ordering, (e.g., a single tomato can go from the became involved, actually going to the handling multiple storage sites, home field, to a packing house, to value-add plant where the peanut butter was made working to offer flexibility for workers, processor, to a broker, to a grocer, and in addition to some distributions points and mobile technology for our delivery finally to the consumer. along the way; at that point we initiated a team. Of course we had to address our In addition to the problem-prevention

recall,” recalls Dr. Stephen Sundlof, existing challenges as well, increasing and safety aspects of real-time product

director of the FDA's Center for Food efficiencies without losing focus on tracking, product data also can be

Safety and Applied Nutrition. On customer service.”leveraged for competitive advantage.

January 10, 2009 the peanut butter was Belgian frozen vegetables producer

recalled, but the originating source of the Pasfrost NV, which operates in 65

salmonella still hadn't been found. The countries, tracks its products from field

investigation moved up the supply to consumer, relying on an integrated

chain, ending at a Peanut Corp. of ERP system to maintain and share

America (PCA) facility in Blakely, accurate inventory data. Data capture

Georgia. Because most of PCA's peanut has been integrated with the company's

products — peanut paste, etc. — go into measuring and labeling points. For

other products, and because PCA had example, truckloads of produce are

more than 300 customers (with hundreds weighed, with the information passed to

of customers of their own), the recall p r o d u c t i o n p l a n n i n g s y s t e m s .

quickly became massive, including an Vegetables are processed, then palleted

array of peanut-related products. and barcoded; the barcodes allow Tracking the distribution of food and

goods swiftly and safely to market. Yet Pasfrost to trace the goods back to beverages is difficult, especially as


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Distribution

many food and beverage distributors market opportunities, and find new ways verification program, it may often be haven't invested in the tools to help them to enhance quality, safety and customer offset by more favorable insurance rates. monitor their supply-chain data and value. For example, 27 percent of food More importantly, its utility in allowing navigate disruptions to their supply and beverage companies have no a firm to more rapidly respond to an chains. measurement systems or reviews in event will reduce the much larger costs Food and beverage companies, by the place to track return from their supply- associated with an accidental or nature and perishability of their chain management and collaboration, intentional contamination that does get products, are more susceptible to and another 29 percent have only ad hoc through.”problems throughout their distribution monitoring and reviews. Conversely, Benefits of an Integrated channels. For example, a study by RSM among food and beverage firms at or McGladrey asked distribution and near wor ld-c lass supply-cha in Platform

manufacturing executives to assess their management and collaboration, 65 To safely and cost-effectively speed company's level of risk from supply- percent have more than ad hoc products from ranchers and growers to chain disruptions. Companies in the monitoring or reviews. store shelves and restaurants, food and

Food Safety Magazine's Shaun Kennedy food and beverage industry report high beverage companies need tools that help writes that an active supply-chain levels of risk more frequently than other them remove waste, ensure safety and verification program that identifies and industry segments (Table 1). regulatory compliance, and connect

Despite the risks and safety issues posed resolves small issues can strengthen the demand signals to production and by supply-chain disruptions and overall supply chain to avoid food safety logistics schedules. And as these food problems, many food and beverage issues. “These actions also improve the and beverage firms grow into midmarket companies fail to adequately monitor company's ability to avoid or respond to and larger organizations, an integrated and measure their supply-chain food defense concerns. While there is ERP solution becomes a necessity, activities, losing opportunities to always going to [be] a cost associated supporting the following benefits.identify and resolve issues, leverage with an actively managed supply-chain

Supply-Chain Risks by Industry Segment

High risk Low risk

Transportation disruptions Food and beverage 52% Industrial equipment 25%

Transportation equipment 25%

Supplier disruptions Food and beverage 57%

Transportation equipment 56%

Printing and publishing 39%

Electronics 37%

Climate change (weather) Food and beverage 33% Industrial equipment 2%

Licensing and regulation Food and beverage 38% Industrial equipment 7%

Printing and publishing 6%

Poor quality supply Food and beverage 47%


Distribution

Operations and logistics effectiveness supplier's suppliers' products) adhere to supply chains to move quickly. Trends Opportunities to increase food- these criteria well. Grant Thornton such as organic foods or private-labeling distribution productivity can be found partner Steve Lyman writes that food can require reconfigurations of supplier all along the chain that brings products to and beverage manufacturers are looking sourcing, ingredients, branding, market , but improving overal l to suppliers and distributors for more logistics and marketing messages. An performance (and not just the individual proof of product quality. “In light of integrated solution helps to align performances of specific locations such recent food-safety events, many food messag ing wi th these t r ends , as warehouses or production lines) and beverage manufacturers indicate coordinating marketing campaigns with requires a big-picture perspective. that they have changed their positions changing market dynamics. Most logistics best practices (delivery- In addition, detailed business reports with suppliers, becoming 'tougher' with route planning, coordinating cross- help food and beverage companies 'intensified testing.' One executive said, docking efforts, logistics-optimization analyze the distribution channels 'We are more concerned with the techniques such as truck-space available to them (grocer, restaurant, ingredients we purchase and require optimization, catch weight accuracy, institutional, etc.) on an ongoing basis, more detailed testing for the best.' Many minimizing transfer perishability) offering a deeper understanding of the are requiring more documentation from demand detailed shipment tracking and delivery and value-add requirements the suppliers they're working with, and management capabilities accessed by within each channel. they're reconsidering the location of multiple companies and applications. In those suppliers: 'More emphasis on

Customer demand managementaddition, automated data collection proof of HACCP [Hazard Analysis and The best distribution system to bring systems connect buy-and-sell data and Critical Control Point], [National] Food products from suppliers to market is ensure that financial actions (invoice, Safety programs, and less reliance on meaningless if those products aren't payment) occur in a timely and accurate off-shore sources.'”what customers want now. And not just manner. An integrated solution can help a food what they want, but how they want it and beverage company to automate

Compliance (quantity, package, serving size, level of product tracing, tracking products and It's not sufficient for a food and beverage processing). providing details that partners company to prove its products are safe, Integrated solutions enable accurate (packagers, manufacturers/producers, high-quality, or compliant with demand forecasting (preparing a food retailers) in food-industry supply chains regulatory and labeling requirements and beverage company's supply chain expect.(e.g., organic, sustainability). The for anticipated demand) and help peanut butter salmonella case illustrates growers and processors to meet actual Market agilityhow companies must also ensure that customer consumption (scheduling Emerging food categories force food their supplier's products (and their processing and delivery more precisely).and beverage companies and their

Does your food and beverage company use these distribution and supply-chain strategies to manage quality, compliance and profitability? Does your company have an integrated information platform sophisticated and flexible enough to meet today's challenges and leverage tomorrow's opportunities? If not, it's time to reassess your supply-chain strategies, processes, and supporting business systems and then implement an action plan to improve your company's ability to get goods to market safely and on time by turning product data into a competitive advantage.

By: John R. Brandt and George TanineczJohn R. Brandt is CEO and Founder of The MPI Group (www.mpi-group.net), and has spent more than two decades.George is a well-known innovator in business research, and designs and m a n a g e s M P I ' s r e s e a r c h a n d knowledge-development projects.


40 Oil & Food Journal June 201247 Oil & Food Journal Nov 2012


CE Technologies

& PSPL is one of At h e l e a d i n g

Indian companies involved in

satisfying the technological

needs of Pharmaceuticals,

Beverages, Food & Cosmetic

industries. This reputation

for supplying world class

machinery in the field of

Pharmaceuticals, Beverages,

Food & Cosmetic segments

has been achieved after

years of dedicated service to

the industry. Recently

Managing Director, Hari

Menon had a word with our

editorial team about his

company activities and

range of services provided by

his company to the said

industries.

Soft Drinks, Beer, Mineral water, Juices, sectors have shown positive growth in last few years

Exclusive Interview


How do you look at the Indian aggressive marketing by Beverage industry in the country and what the beverages industry for the growth of companies, all have contributed to this areas of focus for your growth?your company? growth. Ace Technologies provides complete

solutions like Bottling lines for Glass , The Beverage Industry in India at PET and Cans for Beverage Industry, present is in a very exciting phase and I In the last couple of years along with Complete range of Inspection machine t h i n k t h e r e a r e t r e m e n d o u s the growth of carbonated drink like “ Empty Bottle Inspector's ”, Fill opportunities and potential for growth. giants, emergence of regional players level Inspectors , Case Inspectors, Within the Beverage sector, the Soft both carbonated and noncarbonated Metal Detectors, X Ray systems, Check Drinks market, the Beer market as well is seen, do you see both global giants Weighers, Shrink Sleeving machines, as other segments like Mineral water, and regional players coexisting in Labelling machines as well as End of Juices etc, all sectors have shown India in the long run?Line packaging Solutions like Carton positive growth in the last few years and

I think this is bound to happen. With the O v e r w r a p p i n g a n d S l e e v e this is where, we see opportunities for growth of this Industry I feel more and overwrapping machines, Palletisers & A C E Te c h n o l o g i e s t o g r o w.more Indian as well as International Depalletisers etc.With the per capita consumption of brands will come in. One of the main

Beverages still at a low level, we feel reasons is that the market is quite

that all these sectors will continue to ACE also provides complete range of attractive and still the Beverage grow and for this, these sectors will Dispensing and Vending equipments Industry is in the initial growth phase. come up with expansion of their for Draught Beer , Soft Drinks & The market is becoming more and more existing facilities or will come up with Juices.ready for consumers to try out different new green field projects and this is

products, variety in the offerings, ACE Technologies has also recently where we see the potential for our

different tastes etc. We know that some inaugurated their State of the Art company to grow. With our Product

of the regional players have been doing manufacturing facility near Mumbai range which includes right from

quite well and we have recently heard wherein we manufacture Packaging Packaging machines, Inspection

about the revival of some of the regional machines for the Food, Beverage and machines, Labelling machines, End of

brands. The regional brands may bring Pharmaceutical Industry and also line Packaging machines, Process

in local flavours & tastes and may offer manufacture a wide range of other E q u i p m e n t s a n d D i s p e n s i n g

a wider variety of products suiting to the equipments like Conveyors, Infra Red Equipments catering to these sectors,

regional tastes. I think the market is big Dryers, CIP Systems , Hydraulic Lifters we feel that we can be a part of this

enough for International, National and etc.growth.

regional players to coexist.

Any new product/service you are Even after bad growth rate allover in Per capita consumption of non introducing/displaying at Drik the country this industry maintained alcoholic drinks is still very less Technology India 2012 this year?a double digit growth rate so far, compared to global per capita At the Drinktec, we will be displaying what is the driving force behind it? consumption of the same, what is our unique “Hydro Optic Disinfection As informed earlier the per capita base required to reach a healthy level in Technology” along with our principals for the Beverage sector has been quite India? “Atlantium Water Technologies” which low and hence there are always good

is a unique product which can be used The Industry has a long way to go to opportunities to grow at a high rate.

for Chlorine Destruction, Product water reach global per capita consumption. With tremendous push in the retail

D i s i n f e c t i o n , P r o c e s s w a t e r However the growth is already sector, companies tapping in newer

disinfection and is the only system happening. If you see the changes in the markets, increase in the consumer

validated by US – EPA for 4 Log virus last few years, the Industry had a spending power, growth in the hotel

reduction.healthy rate of growth. As mentioned Industry, QSR (Quick Service

earlier with the growth of the Retail All our principals' i.e Linkers Restaurant) chains, new restaurant segment, change in the consumer Equipment Corporation, Filtec, projects etc coming up combined with lifestyle, consumer spending power the Karlville, Gernep, Baumer, TMG Srl market has been growing quite healthy and Atlantium Technologies will be and steadily in the last few years. present at our stand E30, Hall VI to

share the latest developments in Packaging, Inspection, Labelling and

What are the products and services process technologies.

you are giving to the beverages

Exclusive Interview

Functional Foods

Health benefits of

functional foods

he challenges:There is a strong body of science underpinning Thealth benefits from foods. Our

challenge, therefore, is to develop effective synergies between science and food product development for the benefit of the consumer. Aspects of health linked with some of the most developed aspects of nutrition science include:better early development and growth; health maintenance (e.g. immune function, gastrointestinal health, mental health, health in ageing, p h y s i c a l p e r f o r m a n c e ) ; reduced risk of obesity;reduced risk of chronic diet-related diseases (e.g. cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic disease, musculoskeletal disease).



Functional Foods

Early development and growth prebiotics, such as oligosaccharides and Mother's diet inulin.Nutrition during pregnancy and Immune functionlactation can influence the short and Immune function throughout life can be long-term development of the child. It influenced by nutrition. Possible might even be linked to the development ingredients for the evelopment of of conditions such as high blood functional foods that could contribute to pressure, heart disease and diabetes in optimal immune response include the later life. antioxidant vitamins, trace elements More specifically, the course of (e.g. zinc, copper and manganese), n-3 pregnancy and childbirth and the and n-6 PUFAs, l-arginine, nucleotides composition of breast milk can be and nucleosides, probiotics, prebiotics influenced by energy and protein intake and synbiotics.as well as nutrients such as n-3 and n-6

Gastrointestinal healthpolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), The GI tract is an obvious target for the amino acids and micronutrients development of functional foods including folic acid, iron, zinc and because it acts as an interface between iodine. Such nutrients may be useful as the diet and all other metabolic ingredients in functional foods. functions. GI function depends on an

Diet of children and adolescents appropriate balance of healthy bacteria Diet during childhood and adolescence to prevent the invasion of harmful may have effects on some cognitive bacteria. One of the most promising abilities as well as behaviour. Sensory, areas for the development of functional including visual, functions may also be foods lies in the use of ingredients to inf luenced by ear ly nutr i t ion, modify the composition and metabolic particularly by n-3 and n-6 PUFAs and activity of the gut microflora:trace minerals such as iron, zinc and * probiotics;iodine. * prebiotics;S k e l e t a l d e v e l o p m e n t d u r i n g

*synbiotics (mixtures of probiotics and adolescence can be influenced by

prebiotics).calcium, vitamins D and K and fluoride

Potential health benefits of probiotics as well as prebiotic fructans, all of which

include:could offer possibilities as ingredients in * reduced incidence or severity of GI functional foods. infections;Gastrointestinal growth during the early * alleviation of lactose intolerance;years may be influenced by food * overall improvement in gut function, ingredients such as probiotics and also

EARNESTThe Early Nutrition Programming

Project is looking at the long-term

consequences of early nutrition

programming on later obesity and

cardiovascular risk. Understanding

of the importance of early nutrition

and the extent to which this is taken

into account in infant feeding is also

being investigated. The overall aim

is to improve understanding of the

extent to which nutri t ional

influences in early l ife can

programme a person's development

and metabolism in adulthood. Two

studies are looking at possibilities

for new functional ingredients in

infant formulae:The first is a long-term study to

determine the effect of functional

prebiotics, more specifically of

inulin-type fructans, on the

incidence of infections and other

i m m u n e p a r a m e t e r s ( e a r l y

development of the immune system)

in infants . The addit ion of

recombinant human bile salt

stimulated lipase (BSSL) to infant

formulae offers the possibility of

e n h a n c i n g l o n g c h a i n

polyunsaturated fat ty ac ids

(LCPUFAs) bioavailability to

produce long-term health benefits

and this is being tested in another

study within this EU funded project.

TORNADOThe project (Molecular Targets

Open for Regulation by the gut flora

– New Avenues for improved Dietto

Optimize European health) is

looking at the influence of diet on the

impact of gut flora and specific

groups of micro-organisms on the

i m m u n e s y s t e m a n d t h e i r

interaction with other organ

systems. The project will allow the

design of future functional foods for

specific population groups of

d i f f e re n t a g e s i n d i f f e re n t

geographical areas.


Functional Foods

including reduction in constipation as improvement in cognitive performance well as diarrhoea. with effects on reaction time, vigilance, Prebiotics, non-digestible food m e m o r y a n d p s y c h o m o t o r components that can stimulate growth performance. Cognitive performance and/or modify the metabolic activity of and maintenance of mental health in specific bacterial species already older people may be improved with B present in the gut, might also improve vitamins.gut health. They are also being People often find that meals high in evaluated for beneficial effects on the carbohydrate are associated with immune system and the potential to sleepiness and calmness. The amino reduce risk of colon cancer. Their ability acid tryptophan can reduce the time to increase production of short chain taken to fall asleep, while tyrosine and fatty acids in the colon is associated with tryptophan may help recovery from jet increased absorption of minerals such as lag.

Several ingredients, such as n-3 fatty calcium and magnesium.Dairy products, table spreads, baked acids, S-adenosylmethione (SAMe) and goods and breads, breakfast cereals and folic acid have attracted attention as bars, salad dressings, meat products and potential functional ingredients for some confectionery items are all foods improving depression. which do or might contain prebiotics.

Health and well-being in ageingMental healthNow we are living longer, there is an Some functional foods could potentially increased prevalence of the chronic promote optimal mental state and c o n d i t i o n s o f a g e i n g ( e . g . mental performance and influence cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataract, behaviour. age-related macular degeneration,

T h e y m a y i n f l u e n c e : Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's *cognitive performance; d i sease , o s t eoa r th r i t i s ) . Such

conditions, and indeed ageing itself, *mood and vitality;*reaction to stress; may put increased oxidative stress on *short-term memory; the body. So, if we can reduce this, we *vigilance and attention; can potentially delay or prevent some of *changes in memory and other mental these diseases.processes during ageing. Our bodies have several defenses Glucose may have a beneficial against oxidative stress, including:influence on aspects of mental a n t i o x i d a n t e n z y m e s ;performance, including memory and minerals and trace elements, such as decision time. Sucrose may reduce pain selenium, manganese and copper, which perception. Caffeine can lead to

PROEUHEALTHThe cluster aimed to evaluate the

role of probiotic bacteria in our GI

health and overall well-being and

to improve understanding of the

role of intestinal bacteria in

human health and disease.

Development of new functional

foods incorporating probiotics

could help to improve gut health

in ways that are beyond the

provision of basic nutrition.

NUTRIMENTHE The project will quantify effects of

early nutrition programming on

later cognitive and mental

disorders as well as the influence

of food on mental state and aspects

of mental performance such as

mood, attention, motivation,

effort, perception, memory and

intelligence. The effects of food on

mental illness will also be studied.

Outcomes could have major

implications for public health and

policy development, and for

understanding of human biology,

as well as for food product

development, economic progress,

and future wealth creation.

CROWNALIFE The project explored guts

microbial population changes

with age. Compared with

children, adults have a larger

number of different groups of gut

bacteria. An intervention trial

found that a synbiotic reparation

(probiotic and prebiotic) can

influence the gut microflora of

older adults. Findings will be

applied to the development of new

functional foods for the health and

well-being of the elderly European

population.


Functional Foods

act as co-factors for the antioxidant appropr ia te ba lance o f f lu id , enzymes; electrolytes and energy substrates in a vitamins, such as vitamins C and E, and convenient and easily digestible form carotenoids, all of which can act as free can help physically active people, radical quenchers with an antioxidant including athletes. Such liquid foods effect; may also help people who cannot easily glutathione, a cysteine-containing consume enough food to meet their peptide with a thiol group which acts as nutritional requirements. a reducing agent that can be reversibly Specific types of carbohydrates with a oxidised and reduced. range of glycaemic indices, can Antioxidants naturally present in foods influence both active performance and (e.g. vitamins C and E, carotenoids, recovery, offering potential for flavonoids and other polyphenols) are functional foods. Micronutrient potentially useful candidates for supplementation of functional foods can functional ingredients. Plant foods also help to ensure adequate intakes which contain these substances such as during training and competition. berries (e.g. cranberry, blueberry, goji, Other candidate functional ingredients acai), mangosteen, pomegranate, to potentially improve physical tomato and grapes are now being performance include caffeine, specific explored by the functional food industry amino acids, creatine and carnitine.as potential antioxidants. ObesityVarious other ingredients are potential As already mentioned, obesity has funct ional ingredients for the become a global public health issue. In prevention of age-related mental Europe the prevalence of obesity has changes. The n-3 fatty acids may have a tripled during the past two decades. role in reducing the risk of depression More than half of all adults and one in and the prevention of age-related five children are overweight or obese in dementia, while ginkgo biloba might the EU. The nutritional approach to play a role in the circulation and may weight management involves reducing help to improve memory and mental energy intake, which may be achieved concentration. by reducing the energy density of the

diet, reducing appetite and/or enhancing Physical performance satiety or reducing fat absorption. Fat Functional foods could play a key role in and sugar replacers are potential helping us to be more physically active. candidates for functional foods to Liquid food formulae that deliver an

HELENAThe project looked at the

nutritional status of adolescents,

including obesity prevalence,

vitamin and mineral status and

immunological markers. Food

choices and preferences were

investigated. This project helped

to understand why health

promoting messages are not as

effective as expected in the

adolescent population. The

r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r h e a l t h

promoting foods were also

identified and products acceptable

to this population group will be

developed.

FLORA The project (Flavonoids and

related phenolics for healthy

living using orally recommended

antioxidants) is evaluating the

beneficial effects of flavonoids and

other plant phenolics on CVD and

cancer. Flavonoids are present in a

wide variety of foods from citrus

fruits to green tea, dark chocolate

and red wine. FLORA has already

characterised the antioxidant and

flavonoid content of a range of

fruits and vegetables. Long term

intake of dietary flavonoids in rats

has shown that absorption of

anthocyanins significantly lowers

risk of heart attack; purple

tomatoes have been shown to

reduce risk of cancer in cancer-

prone mice. In humans who

smoke, orange juice has a

beneficial impact on platelet

function.


Sweetness

reduce energy density, while foods with could reduce CVD risk.low glycaemic index or dietary fibre

Other diet componentsmay enhance satiety. Soluble fibre can influence cholesterol A number of proposed functional food and lipoprotein metabolism. In ingredients have been shown to act part icular, i t can reduce LDL before the food is absorbed in the GI concentrations, particularly in people t ract . These include chi tosan, with high levels. Sources of soluble conjugated linoleic acid, diglycerides, fibre currently used in functional foods medium-chain triglycerides, green tea, include psyllium and dietary fructans caffeine, calcium and capsaicin.(e.g. inulin, oligofructose). Phytosterols (plant sterols and stanols) Cardiovascular disease

Improving the lipid profile of the diet are naturally present in many fruits, Optimal heart health can be promoted vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, by several dietary components, of which cereals, vegetable oils and other plant dietary fats are the best studied. sources. Used as functional foods in fat Functional foods low in saturated fatty spreads etc, they have been shown in acids and trans fatty acids could help to numerous studies to reduce plasma LDL promote op t ima l low dens i ty concentration by an average of 10 % and lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. are thought to act by reducing intestinal Monounsaturates, such as olive oil, and cholesterol absorption. polyunsaturates (e.g. linoleic and alpha- Diets high in plant foods and rich in linolenic acid) can reduce plasma polyphenols have been associated with (LDL) concentrations, and some do this reduced risk for CVD and other chronic without significantly lowering the diseases. Possible mechanisms include beneficial high density lipoprotein their antiinflammatory, vasodilatory, (HDL) cholesterol. Olive oil has been anti-platelet and antioxidant effects.

Flavonoids represent a diverse range of the subject of many research studies for polyphenolic compounds, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-anti-thrombotic properties in reducing 3-ols, isoflavones, anthocyanins and CVD risk. The long chain n-3 fatty acids proanthocyanidins. ( e i c o s a p e n t a e n o i c a c i d a n d Found naturally in plant foods (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) found in fish oils fruits, vegetables, grains, herbs and can reduce plasma triacylglycerols, beverages), these compounds could counteract blood clotting and promote offer potential as functional food blood vessel integrity. Functional foods ingredients. enriched in these unsaturated fatty acids

HEALTHGRAINThe project aims to improve the

well-being and reduce the risk of

metabolic syndrome related

diseases in Europe by increasing

t h e i n t a k e o f p ro t e c t i v e

compounds in whole grains or

their fractions. A whole grain diet seems to be

protective against development

of diet related disorders such as

CVD and type 2 diabetes.

Wholegrain cereal products have

been screened for bioactive

compounds including vitamins

( f o l a t e , t o c o l s , c h o l i n e ) ,

phytochemicals (lignans, sterols,

alkylresorcinols, phenolic acids)

and indigestible carbohydrates.

The aim is to produce safe and

tasty cereal foods with high levels

of ioactive ingredients for health.

NUTRIDENTThe project aims to identify and

investigate the effects of beverage

and food components on the

development of major dental

diseases. Dental caries and

gingivitis are the most prevalent

infectious diseases and are due to

the accumulation of dental

plaque (a bacterial biofilm) on

the tooth surface and at the

gingival margin respectively.

Certain beverages and foods

might protect against caries and

gingivitis and this project will try

to identify them. Such functional

c o n s t i t u e n t s c o u l d b e

incorporated into foods and/or

into oral healthcare products

such as chewing gum and

toothpaste.


Functional Foods

Other diet components have been consistently associated with adverse effects; this creates a need for Soluble fibre can influence cholesterol increased risk of type 2 diabetes. safe and alternative dietary therapies. and lipoprotein metabolism. In Substances such as glucosamine and However, diet also appears to be part icular, i t can reduce LDL chondro i t in a re used as food important. Evidence supports the use of concentrations, particularly in people supplements but could find application whole grain foods, vegetables, fruits, with high levels. Sources of soluble fibre in functional foods. Evidence is also foods low in saturated fat and also currently used in functional foods emerging for collagen hydrolysate, starchy foods with a low glycaemic include psyllium and dietary fructans methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), S-index. Soluble fibres with a low (e.g. inulin, oligofructose). adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and glycaemic index, such as psyllium and Phytosterols (plant sterols and stanols) soybean unsaponifiables, all of which inulin, can have potential beneficial are naturally present in many fruits, could be ed as functional food effects on glucose metabolism and vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, ingredients. insulin sensitivity. cereals, vegetable oils and other plant Since compliance with dietary

Bone healthsources. Used as functional foods in fat recommendations in diabetes is often Bone health is dependent on a variety of spreads etc, they have been shown in poor, functional foods may be valuable n u t r i e n t s , i n c l u d i n g c a l c i u m , numerous studies to reduce plasma LDL in both treatment and prevention. magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin K and concentration by an average of 10 % and Oral amino acids included in snacks vitamin C as well as trace minerals such are thought to act by reducing intestinal have also been studied to explore as manganese, copper and zinc. Vitamin cholesterol absorption. positive benefits in blood glucose D is attracting attention for its role in Diets high in plant foods and rich in control and insulin sensitivity. Spices bone mineral density and bone growth. A polyphenols have been associated with such as cinnamon, coriander, garlic, and significant proportion of the European reduced risk for CVD and other chronic turmeric may also be beneficial anti-population has poor vitamin D status, diseases. Possible mechanisms include diabetic food ingredients. Chromium due to lack of sunlight exposure. High their antiinflammatory, vasodilatory, may be effective in optimising insulin fruit and vegetable intake is also anti-platelet and antioxidant effects. metabolism and lowering plasma

Flavonoids represent a diverse range of associated with bone health and plant cholesterol levels. Genetics appear to polyphenolic compounds, including bioactive ingredients may emerge as have an influence, and nutrigenomic flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan- useful ingredients for bone protection. studies may help to shed light on the 3-ols, isoflavones, anthocyanins and Osteoporosis and bone fracture is a individuals who could benefit from proanthocyanidins. cause of considerable morbidity and additional chromium.Found naturally in plant foods (e.g., mortality in older Europeans, making fruits, vegetables, grains, herbs and Musculoskeletal disease the search for bone protective beverages), these compounds could Osteoarthritis is one of the most ingredients of economic importance to offer potential as functional food prevalent and debilitating chronic the food industry and the well-being of ingredients. conditions affecting older people. the European population.

Pharmacological interventions such as Diabetes mellitus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Overweight and lack of physical activity (NSAIDs) are associated with severe


Food Chain

business. view food brands as a badge of guarantee The emerging focus on traceability is of safety and quality of their products. driven by two facets – one, security from This plain and simple consumer food scares and the other - consumer behaviour drives free market economics confidence in brands. Quite obviously the specially when supply chain 'meltdowns' former is driven by the regulator, the latter from contaminant outbreaks have by Industry. demonstrated consumers panic and

consequent market crashes. Regulatory Perspective As pointed out in a previous article – it's Since 9/11, most governments have given not only the FBO that suffers from a high priority to food security related demolished share of business but the statutes like bioterrorism, traceability and entire chain suffers from plummeting recall rather than being solely engaged in sales as consumers often react equally to checking compliance with product all brands. For example consumers specifications. Through the Bioterrorism typically wonder if the particular idyear of 2011, Germany and Act of 2002, the US regulatory and “salmonella tainted” peanuts landed in later France reported an enforcement agency has pushed for M the brand of peanut butter they bought outbreak of shiga toxin custody of chain data verification systems even though the source may have been producing E.coli that resulted in over 45 from each and every food business different.deaths; it is finally identified to fenugreek operator. The new Food Safety & Traceability in India is now an essential seeds imported from Egypt in 2009 Standards Act 2006 in replacing the food business activity under the Food Act representing a meticulous trace back to e r s t w h i l e P r e v e n t i o n o f F o o d which requires FBO's to provide for isolate the source of contamination and Adulteration Act 1954 requires safety traceability systems. For example Section contain its spread. Considering that safe assurance of the food supply chain – a 26 requires that all FBOs engaged at all food is a basic human right traceability provision lacking in the PFA. This is a stages of production, processing, import, becomes a critical part of food safety major enactment that will legally bind the distribution and sale shall ensure that management. 'fellowship of the chain' concept foods satisfy the requirements of food law The Food Safety & Standards Act 2006 in introduced in a previous article of within the businesses under their control. defining this new paradigm requires all collective responsibility. This provision covers the entire chain food business operations embracing the However much before security concerns including transporters and storage entire food chain from production, of the food regulators emerged a few operators and is in accordance of the import , s torage, t ranspor ta t ion, brand owners were already applying classical liability rules. It is not intended distribution and sale to be regulated by verifiable quality systems to their to have extra territorial influence outside safety plans. Indian food business suppliers and were perhaps pioneers in the country but covers imported food up operators (FBO) are awakening to a new the drive towards traceability. Consumers to retail. It also requires (Section 27) that a reality of the way they would now do

Fellowship of the Food Chain

India gets traceabilityBy: Dr. J. Lewis


wholesaler or distributor shall be liable Nutraceuticals: trusted sourcing materials from brokers who aggregate under the Act for any article of food which imperatives supplies according to price and

Nutraceuticals are a new food category is “unidentifiable of manufacturer from availability. Documentation may be that has a rather entangled supply chain whom the article of food has been inaccessible, unverifiable and traceability from 'plant to pillbox'. This category of received or received by him with the a challenge. foods leaves complex trails. Apart from In this complex and layered supply chain knowledge of it being unsafe”. The same the wide spectrum of ingredients, multi- dietary supplements manufacturers are holds good for the retailer. Unlike before, component formulations, globalization of b u r d e n e d w i t h h e i g h t e n e d the onus to ensure safe food is now the the industry has turned traceability into a responsibilities of identifying safe and responsibility of the chain and not solely veritable labyrinth. This is further pure ingredients that they can reliably use that of the manufacturer. These legal compounded by dubious imports into the in their formulations. A formidable task provisions require each FBO in the chain country of vitamins and botanicals from no doubt but major brand owners owe this to verify that the food or ingredient he is obscure sources and of dubious quality. to their consumers. receiving is safe and in compliance with

Reputed brand owners will set up Unlike commodity ingredients which are the requirements of the Act. prerequisite systems and obligations on What is critical is that the particular revealing when sensory attributes distort, their suppliers and inevitably source from information is accurate and efficiently dietary supplement ingredients do not – reliable suppliers who can demonstrate transferred. At a basic level, all food deficiencies lie hidden. Good brands owe verifiable document systems, identity business operators should be able to it to their customers to use standard and tags, and third party audits. These identify the person (s) from and to whom well characterised ingredients.

Also unlike general foods that are mostly manufacturers can raise the bar in the they have supplied a food (one step sourced locally, dietary supplement market if their product can demonstrate forward, one step back) or that any ingredients start in all parts of the world systems of where the plant was grown or ingredients or substances that is expected and intersect on their way to the final harvested, its purity and safety indices - to be added to its while in their custody. product. Very few supplements on the differentiating themselves in the market. The Food Safety Management System market have linear manufacturer- Traceability can become a subtle and would document how the traceability supplier relationships from start to finish. effective way of gaining consumer trust.records are to be maintained. This Even a single ingredient can work its way primarily sums up the focus of regulatory

Risk Managementfrom the original source to final product authorities. But there's another side to it – Traceability does not of itself make food through a series of mixings, additions, building confidence in products. safe. It is a risk management initiative to Food products derived from commodity and processes sufficient to make be used in order to containing a food ingredients such as meat, eggs, peanuts, traceability a hopeless pursuit. safety problem; particularly in targetted Botanicals extracts or concentrates are milk etc have identifiable causes of food recalls. The Food Act heralds a new even more 'traceability challenged' where outbreaks or recalls such as pathogens, situation (unlike the PFA) where food even the same name could present toxins or injury causing substances such safety is a shared responsibility of every different histories of cultivation, glass pieces etc. Contaminant trails are food business operator who takes custody geographies, extraction techniques, somewhat more open to be followed and of the food as it travels the chain. Each identity uncertainties and purity issues. investigated in the 'farm to fork' link in the chain undertakes measures Ginseng that is found in many supplement continuum. An excellent example of appropriate to its specific activities in formulations could either be sourced from traceable systems is the APEDA's fulfilling its fellowship obligations and A m e r i c a n g i n s e n g ( p a n a x GrapeNet – an internet based residue the regulatory mandate. Traceability is a quinquefolium) or Asian ginseng (panax traceability software system for legal bonding of the fellowship of the g i n s e n g ) o r S i b e r i a n g i n s e n g monitoring fresh grapes exported from chain.(acanthopanax senticosis), the latter India to the EU. It is an end-to-end system

considered as 'not true ginseng'. They for monitoring pesticide residue; achieve differ in their major chemical constituents About the author: Dr. Joseph Lewis is a product standardization and covers trace and differ in their end benefits. More regulatory consultant with over 20 years back from retail shelves to the farm of the importantly as an ingredient their of experience. He has been involved in Indian grower. This is a live example of conformance to safety criteria such as food regulations, being previously a the concept of 'fellowship of the chain'.

This is not to say that identifying the microbiological quality, contaminants or member of Central Committee of Food 'rogue source' of contamination is easy or heavy metal limits are not yet regulated. Standards (CCFS) and now on FSSAI straightforward as one would have Sourcing these plants from several Scientific Panel. He has regulatory noticed in the E.coli variant strain countries could leave pesticide residues experience with Indian and multinational outbreak in Europe. From erroneously that are either illegally present or at food companies. He is a consultant with blaming Spanish cucumbers to finally unacceptable limits. How does one MediaMedic Communications for Health identifying highly suspected imported establish the integrity of a batch if its Foods, Nutraceutical & Dietary seeds regulatory authorities and FBO's extractives are from several cultivations Supplements.had to follow up on several pathways. spread around the globe? Further some

supplement manufacturers' access


Döhler develops new "brown"

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Chocolate, caramel, coffee & co

nuances of the individual flavour variations, the Döhler portfolio also features a product range with a regional focus which appeals to country-specific flavour preferences. "Brown" flavours stand for pure indulgence, which is why they are among the top flavour variations in the dairy and ice cream segment. Even in the alcoholic segment, cream liqueurs are

öhler (Doehler) has developed a unimaginable without them. Today, new range of "brown" flavours, however, the boundaries between the Dranging from chocolate, cocoa, individual beverage categories are

nut, nougat and coffee through to becoming increasingly blurred. The caramel and vanilla. Each of these modern consumer is more than willing to flavours is available in a diverse range of try new things! Why shouldn't chocolate, nuances. In addition to extracts and nut, vanilla and co. provide added natural flavours, the global ingredient indulgence in the soft drink market, too? producer also offers a number of For this reason, Döhler has also compositional flavours. "Going with the developed innovative beverages with taste of the times!" was the motto brown flavours, in addition to classic guiding the development of the new dairy and ice cream concepts. The flavour range. Not only are markets and spectrum ranges from carbonated soft technologies constantly changing, so are drinks with lemon-caramel flavour to flavour preferences which are also beer mixes refined with chocolate-constantly evolving and becoming more cherry-chili-spice, through to a coffee-varied. For example, consumers today chocolate energy drink. Thanks to its can choose from over a hundred different integrated approach, Döhler offers types of chocolate. While caramel often everything from a single source: from had a "burnt" character in Europe ten the first product idea to the tailor-made years ago, today's preferences are for compound which already contains all milder accents. Flavour preferences also well-balanced ingredients. There is no vary from one country to the next. That is easier way to achieving innovation for why, in addition to a range of different the customer.

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Oil & Food Journal Nov'12