Oil Field Data Handbook

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WELD FITTINGS & FLANGESWelding Fittings and Dimensions .......................................................... 5-7Flanges .................................................................................................. 8-10Ring Joint Dimension ........................................................................ 11-15Lap Joint Stub Ends ............................................................................ 16-17Ring Joint Flanges - Ring Numbers ........................................................ 18Pressure-Temperature Ratings ................................................................ 19Pipeline Nomenclature ........................................................................ 20-21Tensile Requirements .............................................................................. 22Tolerances ................................................................................................ 23Compliance Factor .................................................................................. 24Limits for Heat ........................................................................................ 25

BOLTING DIMENSIONSBolting Dimensions for ANSI Flanges, all Sizes ................................ 27-30Standard Cast Iron Companion Flanges and Bolts .................................. 31Extra Heavy Cast Iron Companion Flanges and Bolts ............................ 31Wafer Butterfly Valve Stud & Capscrew Sizes ........................................ 32

PIPE DATAPipe Fitting, Flange & Valve Compatibility Chart .................................. 33Design Properties and Allowable Working Pressures for Piping ........ 34-35Commercial Pipe Sizes and Wall Thicknesses .................................. 36-37ASTM Carbon Steel Pipe and Flange Specifications .............................. 38Standard Pipe Data .................................................................................. 39Barlow’s Formula .................................................................................... 39Pipe and Water Weight Per Line Foot ...................................................... 40Weight Per Foot of Seamless Brass and Copper Pipe .............................. 40Heat Losses From Horizontal Bare Steel Pipe ........................................ 41Total Thermal Expansion of Piping Material in Inches .......................... 41Carbon Steel Tubing Data .................................................................. 42-43Copper Tubing Data ................................................................................ 43Stainless Steel Tubing Data ...................................................................... 44

FACE-TO-FACE-DIMENSIONSFace-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Ferrous Valves ............ 45-46Steel Valves with Ring Joint Flanges ...................................................... 47Class 125 Cast & 150 Steel ................................................................ 48-49Class 250 Cast & 300 Steel ................................................................ 50-51Class 800 Cast & 600 Steel ................................................................ 52-53Class 900 Steel ........................................................................................ 54Class 1500 Steel ...................................................................................... 55Class 2500 Steel ...................................................................................... 56Wafer Type Valves .................................................................................... 57Dimensions of Flanged Valves Having Various Flange Facings ............ 58API-6D Operational & Dimensional Characteristics .............................. 59Butterfly Valve Dimensions .................................................................... 60

3

STANDARD CONVERSIONSHardness Conversion Numbers ................................................................ 61Hydraulic Conversions ............................................................................ 62Unit Conversions Temperature ................................................................ 63Temperature Conversions .................................................................. 64-65Unit Conversions Flow, Power, Mass, Pressure ...................................... 66Standard Conversions .............................................................................. 67Metric Conversions ............................................................................ 68-73Flow Conversions .............................................................................. 74-75

FORMULASFormula Calculations .............................................................................. 77Formulas ............................................................................................ 78-79Fluid Power Formulae ..........................................................................80-81

CASING & TUBING & SUCKER RODSAPI Flange & Ring Joint Dimensions ................................................ 83-85API Tubing Table ................................................................................ 86-87Casing Data ........................................................................................ 88-91Sucker Rods ...................................................................................... 92-100

PIPE FITTERHow to Cut Odd-Angle Elbows ...................................................... 101-102Alignment of Pipe .......................................................................... 103-104Tap & Drill Sizes .................................................................................... 105Coated Arc Welding Electodes (types or styles) .................................... 106Physical Properties Values ......................................................................107Trouble Shooting Arc Welding Equipment .................................... 108-110Basic Welding Symbols – Arc and Gas Welding .................................... 111Symbols for Pipefitting ........................................................................ 112-116

MISCELLANEOUSMaterial Selection .................................................................................. 117Electric Motor Specifications .......................................................... 118-119Wire Selection ................................................................................ 120-121Pumpjack Engine Specifications Chart .................................................. 122Temperature Data .................................................................................. 123Specific Gravity .................................................................................... 124Metals .................................................................................................... 125Water .............................................................................................. 126-127Wire Rope ...................................................................................... 128-132Hydraulic Troubleshooting ............................................................ 133-134Common Pipe Clamps .......................................................................... 135

DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONSUseful Definitions .......................................................................... 137-139List of Abbreviations ...................................................................... 140-141

SUPPLIERSMidfield Suppliers .......................................................................... 143-145

4

– NOTICE OF DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY –

Every precaution has been taken to ensure theaccuracy of this data. However, due to theinnumerable calculations and conversions, users areadvised to use discretion. Where extremely detaileddata is required, suppliers or A.P.I. Specificationsshould be consulted.

The information contained in this booklet isprovided as a service to assist users. MidfieldSupply Ltd. will not be liable for any damagesresulting from the use or misuse of any informationcontained in this booklet. Each user must assumefull responsibility and liability for the use ofinformation in this booklet.

5

WELDING FITTINGS

1/2 X

3/4 X

1 X

1 1/4 X

1 1/2 X

2 X

2 1/2 X

3 X

3 1/2 X

4 X

5 X

6 X

8 X

10 X

12 X

14 X

–

1 1/2

2

2

2 1/2

3

3 1/2

-3 1/2

4

4

5

5 1/2

–

6

7

8

13

1

1 1/8

1 1/2

1 7/8

2 1/4

2 1/2

3

3 3/8

–

3 3/4

4 1/8

4 7/8

5 5/8

7

8 1/2

10

11

1/43/83/81/23/81/23/41/23/411/23/411 1/43/411 1/41 1/211 1/41 1/2211 1/41 1/222 1/21 1/41 1/222 1/231 1/222 1/233 1/222 1/233 1/242 1/233 1/24533 1/2456456856810681012

111 1/81 1/81 1/21 1/21 1/21 7/81 7/81 7/82 1/42 1/42 1/42 1/41 3/422 1/42 3/82 1/42 1/22 5/82 3/42 5/82 3/42 7/833 1/4–3 1/83 1/43 1/23 5/83 3/83 1/23 3/43 7/844 1/84 1/44 3/84 1/24 5/84 3/44 7/855 1/85 3/8666 1/86 3/86 5/87 1/47 1/27 5/888 1/28 5/899 1/29 3/89 1/410 1/810 5/8

CONCENTRIC ANDNOM ECCENTRIC REDUCERS REDUCING OUTLET TEESPIPESIZE H C M

6

DIMENSIONS

NOMPIPESIZE

1/2 .840 .109 .147 – – 1 1/2 –

3/4 1.050 .113 .154 – .308 1 1/8 –

1 1.315 .133 .179 .250 .358 1 1/2 1

1 1/4 1.660 .140 .191 .250 .382 1 7/8 1 1/4

1 1/2 1.900 .145 .200 .281 .400 2 1/4 1 1/2

2 2.375 .154 .218 .344 .436 3 2

2 1/2 2.875 .203 .276 .375 .552 3 3/4 2 1/2

3 3.500 .216 .300 .438 .600 4 1/2 3

3 1/2 4.000 .226 .318 – .636 5 1/4 3 1/2

4 4.500 .237 .337 .531 .674 6 4

5 5.563 .258 .375 .625 .750 7 1/2 5

6 6.625 .280 .432 .719 .864 9 6

8 8.625 .322 .500 .906 .875 12 8

10 10.750 .365 .500 1.125 1.000 15 10

12 12.750 .375 .500 1.312 1.000 18 12

14 14.000 .375 .500 – – 21 14

16 16.000 .375 .500 – – 24 16

18 18.000 .375 .500 – – 27 18

20 20.000 .375 .500 – – 30 20

22 22.000 .375 .500 – – 33 –

24 24.000 .375 .500 – – 36 24

26 26.000 .375 .500 – – 39 –

30 30.000 .375 .500 – – 45 30

34 34.000 .375 .500 – – 51 –

36 36.000 .375 .500 – – 54 36

42 42.000 .375 .500 – – 63 48

ODWALL THICKNESS T 90˚ ELBOWS

LONG R SHORT RSTD. XS 160 XX A A

7

WELDING FITTINGS

1 7/8 – 5/8 1 1 – 3 1 3/8

1 11/16 – 7/16 1 1/8 1 – 3 1 11/16

2 3/16 1 5/8 7/8 1 1/2 1 1/2 – 4 2

2 3/4 2 1/16 1 1 7/8 1 1/2 1 7/8 4 2 1/2

3 1/4 2 7/16 1 1/8 2 1/4 1 1/2 2 1/4 4 2 7/8

4 3/16 3 3/16 1 3/8 2 1/2 1 1/2* 2 1/2 6 3 5/8

5 3/16 3 15/16 1 3/4 3 1 1/2* 3 6 4 1/8

6 1/4 4 3/4 2 3 3/8 2* 3 3/8 6 5

7 1/4 5 1/2 2 1/4 3 3/4 2 1/2* 3 3/4 6 5 1/2

8 1/4 6 1/4 2 1/2 4 1/8 2 1/2* 4 1/8 6 6 3/16

10 5/16 7 3/4 3 18 4 7/8 3* 4 7/8 8 7 5/16

12 5/16 9 5/16 3 3/4 5 5/8 3 1/2* 5 5/8 8 8 1/2

16 5/16 12 5/16 5 7 4* 7 8 10 5/8

20 3/8 15 3/8 6 1/4 8 1/2 5* 8 1/2 10 12 3/4

24 3/8 18 3/8 7 1/2 10 6* 10 10 15

28 21 8 3/4 11 6 1/2* 11 12 16 1/4

32 24 10 12 7* 12 12 18 1/2

36 27 11 1/4 13 1/2 8* 13 1/2 12 21

40 30 12 1/2 15 9* 15 12 23

44 – 13 1/2 16 1/2 10 16 1/2 – –

48 36 15 17 10 1/2 17 12 27 1/4

52 – 16 19 1/2 10 1/2 – – –

60 45 18 1/2 22 10 1/2 – – –

– – 21 25 10 1/2 – – –

– 54 22 1/4 26 1/2 10 1/2 – – –

– – 26 – 12 – – –

45˚180˚ RETURNS ELBOWS TEES CAPS CROSSES STUB ENDS

LONG R SHORT RK K B C E C F G

•Dimensions apply to STD and XS only.

Y2 Y2 Y2

8

150 LB. FLANGESNom. No andPipe Weld Slip on Lap Bolt Size ofSize 0 C2

Neck Thrd. Joint Circle Holes1/2 3 1/2 7/16 1 7/8 5/8 5/8 2 3/8 4-5/83/4 3 7/8 1/2 2 1/16 5/8 5/8 2 3/4 4-5/81 4 1/4 9/16 2 3/16 11/16 11/16 3 1/8 4-5/81 1/4 4 5/8 5/8 2 1/4 13/16 13/16 3 1/2 4-5/81 1/2 5 11/16 2 7/16 7/8 7/8 3 7/8 4-5/82 6 3/4 2 1/2 1 1 4 3/4 4-3/42 1/2 7 7/8 2 3/4 1 1/8 1 1/8 5 1/2 4-3/43 7 1/2 15/16 2 3/4 1 3/16 1 3/16 6 4-3/43 1/2 8 1/2 15/16 2 13/16 1 1/4 1 1/4 7 8-3/44 9 15/16 3 1 5/16 1 5/16 7 1/2 8-3/45 10 15/16 3 1/2 1 7/16 1 7/16 8 1/2 8-7/86 11 1 3 1/2 1 9/16 1 9/16 9 1/2 8-7/88 13 1/2 1 1/8 4 1 3/4 1 3/4 11 3/4 8-7/810 16 1 3/16 4 1 15/16 1 15/16 14 1/4 12-112 19 1 1/4 4 1/2 2 3/16 2 3/16 17 12-114 21 1 3/8 5 2 1/4 3 1/8 18 3/4 12-1 1/816 23 1/2 1 7/16 5 2 1/2 3 7/16 21 1/4 16-1 1/818 25 1 9/16 5 1/2 2 11/16 3 13/16 22 3/4 16-1 1/420 27 1/2 1 11/16 5 11/16 2 7/8 4 1/16 25 20-1 1/424 32 1 7/8 6 3 1/4 4 3/8 29 1/2 20-1 3/830 38 3/4 2 1/8 5 1/8 3 1/2 – 36 28-1 3/836 46 2 3/8 5 3/8 3 3/4 – 42 3/4 32-1 5/8

400 LB. FLANGESNo and Nom.

Weld Slip on Lap Bolt Size of Pipe0 C2

Neck Thrd. Joint Circle Holes Size3 3/4 9/16 2 1/16 7/8 7/8 2 5/8 4-5/8 1/24 5/8 5/8 2 1/4 1 1 3 1/4 4-3/4 3/44 7/8 11/16 2 7/16 1 1/16 1 1/16 3 1/2 4-3/4 15 1/4 13/16 2 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 3 7/8 4-3/4 1 1/46 1/8 7/8 2 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 4 1/2 4-7/8 1 1/26 1/2 1 2 7/8 1 7/16 1 7/16 5 8-3/4 27 1/2 1 1/8 3 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 5 7/8 8-7/8 2 1/28 1/4 1 1/4 3 1/4 1 13/16 1 13/16 6 5/8 8-7/89 1 3/8 3 3/8 1 15/16 1 15/16 7 1/4 8-1 3 1/210 1 3/8 3 1/2 2 2 7 7/8 8-1 411 1 1/2 4 2 1/8 2 1/8 9 1/4 8-1 512 1/2 1 5/8 4 1/16 2 1/4 2 1/4 10 5/8 12-1 615 1 7/8 4 5/8 2 11/16 2 11/16 13 12-1 1/8 817 1/2 2 1/8 4 7/8 2 7/8 4 15 1/4 16-1 1/4 1020 1/2 2 1/4 5 3/8 3 1/8 4 1/4 17 3/4 16-1 3/8 1223 2 3/8 5 7/8 3 5/16 4 5/8 20 1/4 20-1 3/8 1425 1/2 2 1/2 6 3 11/16 5 22 1/2 20-1 1/2 1628 2 5/8 6 1/2 3 7/8 5 3/8 24 3/4 24-1 1/2 1830 1/2 2 3/4 6 5/8 4 5 3/4 27 24-1 5/8 2036 3 6 7/8 4 1/2 6 1/4 32 24-1 7/8 2443 4 8 5/8 8 5/8 – 39 1/4 28-2 1/8 3050 4 1/2 9 7/8 9 7/8 – 46 32-2 1/8 36

300 LB. FLANGESNo and

Weld Slip on Lap Bolt Size of0 C2

Neck Thrd. Joint Circle Holes3 3/4 9/16 2 1/16 7/8 7/8 2 5/8 4-5/84 5/8 5/8 2 1/4 1 1 3 1/4 4-3/44 7/8 11/16 2 7/16 1 1/16 1 1/16 3 1/2 4-3/45 1/4 3/4 2 9/16 1 1/16 1 1/16 3 7/8 4-3/46 1/8 13/16 2 11/16 1 3/16 1 3/16 4 1/2 4-7/86 1/2 7/8 2 3/4 1 5/16 1 5/16 5 8-3/47 1/2 1 3 1 1/2 1 1/2 5 7/8 8-7/88 1/4 1 1/8 3 1/8 1 11/16 1 11/16 6 5/8 8-7/89 1 3/16 3 3/16 1 3/4 1 3/4 7 1/4 8-7/810 1 1/4 3 3/8 1 7/8 1 7/8 7 7/8 8-7/811 1 3/8 3 7/8 2 2 9 1/4 8-7/812 1/2 1 7/16 3 7/8 2 1/16 2 1/16 10 5/8 12-7/815 1 5/8 4 3/8 2 7/16 2 7/16 13 12-117 1/2 1 7/8 4 5/8 2 5/8 3 3/4 15 1/4 16-1 1/820 1/2 2 5 1/8 2 7/8 4 17 3/4 16-1 1/423 2 1/8 5 5/8 3 4 3/8 20 1/4 20-1 1/425 1/2 2 1/4 5 3/4 3 1/4 4 3/4 22 1/2 20-1 3/828 2 3/8 6 1/4 3 1/2 5 1/8 24 3/4 24-1 3/830 1/2 2 1/2 6 3/8 3 3/4 5 1/2 27 24-1 3/836 2 3/4 6 5/8 4 3/16 6 32 24-1 5/843 3 5/8 8 1/4 8 1/4 – 39 1/4 28-1 7/850 4 1/8 9 1/2 9 1/2 – 46 32-2 1/8

See Notes on Page 10

1


Neck Thrd. Joint Circle Holes

1/2 3 3/4 9/16 2 1/16 7/8 7/8 2 5/8 4-5/8

3/4 4 5/8 5/8 2 1/4 1 1 3 1/4 4-3/4

1 4 7/8 11/16 2 1/16 1 1/16 1 1/16 3 1/2 4-3/4

1 1/4 5 1/4 13/16 2 5/8 1 1/8 1 1/8 3 7/8 4-3/4

1 1/2 6 1/8 7/8 2 3/4 1 1/4 1 1/4 4 1/2 4-7/8

2 6 1/2 1 2 7/8 1 7/16 1 7/16 5 8-3/4

2 1/2 7 1/2 1 1/8 3 1/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 5 7/8 8-7/8

3 8 1/4 1 1/4 3 1/4 1 13/16 1 13/16 6 5/8 8-7/8

3 1/2 9 1 3/8 3 3/8 1 15/16 1 15/16 7 1/4 8-1

4 10 3/4 1 1/2 4 2 1/8 2 1/8 8 1/2 8-1

5 13 1 3/4 4 1/2 2 3/8 2 3/8 10 1/2 8-1 1/8

6 14 1 7/8 4 5/8 2 5/8 2 5/8 11 1/2 12-1 1/8

8 16 1/2 2 3/16 5 1/4 3 3 13 3/4 12-1 1/4

10 20 2 1/2 6 3 3/8 4 3/8 17 16-1 3/8

12 22 2 5/8 6 1/8 3 5/8 4 5/8 19 1/4 20-1 3/8

14 23 3/4 2 3/4 6 1/2 3 11/16 5 20 3/4 20-1 1/2

16 27 3 7 4 3/16 5 1/2 23 3/4 20-1 5/8

18 29 1/4 3 1/4 7 1/4 4 5/8 6 25 3/4 20-1 3/4

20 32 3 1/2 7 1/2 5 6 1/2 28 1/2 24-1 3/4

24 37 4 8 5 1/2 7 1/4 33 24-2

30 44 1/2 4 1/2 9 3/4 9 3/4 – 40 1/4 28-2 1/8

36 51 3/4 4 7/8 11 1/8 11 1/8 – 47 28-2 5/8

1500 LB. FLANGESNo and Nom.

Weld Slip on Lap Bolt Size of Pipe0 C2

Neck Thrd. Joint Circle Holes Size

4 3/4 7/8 2 3/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 3 1/4 4-7/8 1/2

5 1/8 1 7/8 2 3/4 1 3/8 1 3/8 3 1/2 4-7/8 3/4

5 7/8 1 1/8 2 7/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 4 4-1 1

6 1/4 1 1/8 2 7/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 4 3/8 4-1 1 1/4

7 1 1/4 3 1/4 1 3/4 1 3/4 4 7/8 4-1 1/8 1 1/2

8 1/2 1 1/2 4 2 1/4 2 1/4 6 1/2 8-1 2

9 5/8 1 5/8 4 1/8 2 1/2 2 1/2 7 1/2 8-1 1/8 2 1/2

10 1/2 1 7/8 4 5/8 2 7/8 2 7/8 8 8-1 1/4 3

– – – – – – – 3 1/2

12 1/4 2 1/8 4 7/8 3 9/16 3 9/16 9 1/2 8-1 3/8 4

14 3/4 2 7/8 6 1/8 4 1/8 4 1/8 11 1/2 8-1 5/8 5

15 1/2 3 1/4 6 3/4 4 11/16 4 11/16 12 1/2 12-1 1/2 6

19 3 5/8 8 3/8 5 5/8 5 5/8 15 1/2 12-1 3/4 8

23 4 1/4 10 6 1/4 7 19 12-2 10

26 1/2 4 7/8 11 1/8 7 1/8 8 5/8 22 1/2 16-2 1/8 12

29 1/2 5 1/4 11 3/4 – 9 1/2 25 16-2 3/8 14

32 1/2 5 3/4 12 1/4 – 10 1/4 27 3/4 16-2 5/8 16

36 6 3/8 12 7/8 – 10 7/8 30 1/.2 16-2 7/8 18

38 3/4 7 14 – 11 1/2 32 3/4 16-3 1/8 20

46 8 16 – 13 39 16-3 5/8 24

– – – – – – – 30

– – – – – – – 36

900 LB. FLANGESNo and

Weld Slip on Lap Bolt Size of0 C2


4 3/4 7/8 2 3/8 1 1/4 1 1/4 3 1/4 4-7/8

5 1/8 1 2 3/4 1 3/8 1 3/8 3 1/2 4-7/8

5 7/8 1 1/8 2 7/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 4 4-1

6 1/4 1 1/8 2 7/8 1 5/8 1 5/8 4 3/8 4-1

7 1 1/4 3 1/4 1 3/4 1 3/4 4 7/8 4-1 1/8

8 1/2 1 1/2 4 2 1/4 2 1/4 6 1/2 8-1

9 5/8 1 5/8 4 1/8 2 1/2 2 1/2 7 1/2 8-1 1/8

9 1/2 1 1/2 4 2 1/8 2 1/8 7 1/2 8-1

– – – – – – –

11 1/2 1 3/4 4 1/2 2 3/4 2 3/4 9 1/4 8-1 1/4

13 3/4 2 5 3 1/8 3 1/8 11 8-1 3/8

15 2 3/16 5 1/2 3 3/8 3 3/8 12 1/2 12-1 1/4

18 2 1/2 6 3/8 4 4 1/2 15 1/2 12-1 1/2

21 1/2 2 3/4 7 1/4 4 1/4 5 18 1/2 16-1 1/2

24 3 1/8 7 7/8 4 5/8 5 5/8 21 20-1 1/2

25 1/4 3 3/8 8 3/8 5 1/8 6 1/8 22 20-1 5/8

27 3/4 3 1/2 8 1/2 5 1/4 6 1/2 24 1/4 20-1 3/4

31 4 9 6 7 1/2 27 20-2

33 3/4 4 1/4 9 3/4 6 1/4 8 1/4 29 1/2 20-2 1/8

41 5 1/2 11 1/2 8 10 1/2 35 1/2 20-2 5/8

48 1/2 5 7/8 12 1/4 12 1/4 – 42 3/4 20-3 1/8

57 1/2 6 3/4 14 1/4 14 1/4 – 50 3/4 20-3 5/8

Y2Y2Y2

See Notes on Page 10

10



1/2 5 1/4 1 3/16 2 7/8 1 9/16 1 9/16 3 1/2 4-7/8

3/4 5 1/2 1 1/4 3 1/8 1 11/16 1 11/16 3 3/4 4-7/8

1 6 1/4 1 3/8 3 1/2 1 7/8 1 7/8 4 1/4 4-1

1 1/4 7 1/4 1 1/2 3 3/4 2 1/16 2 1/16 5 1/8 4-1 1/8

1 1/2 8 1 3/4 4 3/8 2 3/8 2 3/8 5 3/4 4-1 1/4

2 9 1/4 2 5 2 3/4 2 3/4 6 3/4 8-1 1/8

2 1/2 10 1/2 2 1/4 5 5/8 3 1/8 3 1/16 7 3/4 8-1 1/4

3 12 2 5/8 6 5/8 3 5/8 3 5/8 9 8-1 3/8

4 14 3 7 1/2 4 1/4 4 1/4 10 3/4 8-1 5/8

5 16 1/2 3 5/8 9 5 1/8 5 1/8 12 3/4 8-1 7/8

6 19 4 1/4 10 3/4 6 6 14 1/2 8-2 1/8

8 21 3/4 5 12 1/2 7 7 17 1/4 12-2 1/8

10 26 1/2 6 1/2 16 1/2 9 9 21 1/4 12-2 5/8

12 30 7 1/4 18 1/4 10 10 24 3/8 12-2 7/8

WELDING NECK FLANGE BORESNom. DoublePipe Outside Light Sched. Sched. Std. Sched. Sched. Extra Sched. Sched. Sched. Sched. Sched. ExtraSize Diam. Wall 20 30 Wall. 40 60 Strong 80 100 120 140 160 Strong

1/2 0.840 .674 – – 0.622 0.622 – 0.546 0.546 – – – 0.464 0.252

3/4 1.050 .884 – – 0.824 0.824 – 0.742 0.742 – – – 0.612 0.434

1 1.315 1.097 – – 1.049 1.049 – 0.957 0.957 – – – 0.815 0.599

1 1/4 1.660 1.442 – – 1.380 1.380 – 1.278 1.278 – – – 1.610 0.896

1 1/2 1.900 1.682 – – 1.610 1.610 – 1.500 – – – 1.338 1.100

2 2.375 2.157 – – 2.067 2.067 – 1.939 1.929 – – – 1.687 1.503

2 1/2 2.875 2.635 – – 2.469 2.469 – 2.323 2.323 – – – 2.125 1.771

3 3.500 3.260 – – 3.068 3.068 – 2.900 2.900 – – – 2.624 2.300

3 1/2 4.000 3.760 – – 3.548 3.548 – 3.364 3.364 – – – – 2.728

4 4.500 4.260 – – 4.026 4.026 – 3.826 – 3.624 – 3.438 3.152

5 5.563 5.295 – – 5.047 5.047 – 4.813 4.813 – 4.563 – 4.313 4.063

6 6.625 6.357 – – 6.065 6.065 – 5.761 5.761 – 5.501 – 5.187 4.897

8 8.625 8.329 8.125 8.071 7.981 7.981 7.813 7.625 7.625 7.437 7.187 7.001 6.813 6.875

10 10.750 10.420 10.250 10.136 10.020 10.020 9.750 9.750 9.562 9.312 9.062 8.750 8.500 8.750

12 12.750 12.390 12.250 12.090 12.000 11.938 11.626 11.750 11.374 11.062 10.750 10.500 10.126 10.750

14 14.000 13.500 13.376 13.250 13.250 13.124 12.812 13.000 12.500 12.124 11.814 11.500 11.188 –

16 16.000 15.500 15.376 15.250 15.250 15.000 14.688 15.000 14.312 13.938 13.564 13.124 12.812 –

18 18.000 17.500 17.376 12.124 17.250 16.876 16.500 17.000 16.124 15.688 15.250 14.876 14.438 –

20 20.000 19.500 19.250 19.000 19.250 18.812 18.376 19.000 17.938 17.438 17.000 16.500 16.062 –

24 24.000 23.500 23.250 22.876 23.250 22.624 22.062 23.000 21.562 20.938 20.376 19.876 19.312 –

30 30.000 29.376 29.000 28.750 29.250 – – 29.000 – – – – – –

36 36.000 35.376 35.000 34.750 35.250 34.500 – 35.000 – – – – – –

42 42.000 – – – 41.250 – – 41.000 – – – – – –

NOTES1. Always specify bore when ordering.2. Includes 1/16" raise face in 150 lb. and 300 lb. standards. Does notinclude 1/4" raised face in 400 lb. and heavier standards.3. Inside pipe diameters are also privded by this table.4. Other types, sizes and facings on application.5. Stocked in carbon steel and a variety of other metals and alloys.6. Light Wall diameters are identical to stainless steel Schedule 10S insizes thru 12", andd to Schedule 10 in sizes 14" and larger.

Y2

11

GROOVE RINGPitch Diameter

Diameter of Height Width of Approximate distance betweenNominal of Raised Flat on flanges when joint is Nominal

Pipe Ring & Face Width Depth Ring Width Octagonal Compressed PipeSize Groove Number Oval Octagonal Ring Size

P† K† D L A B H C 150 lb. 300 lb. 400 lb. 600 lb.

150 LB.1 1 7/8 2 1/2 11/32 1/4 R15 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 1

1 1/4 2 1/4 2 7/8 11/32 1/4 R17 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 1 1/41 1/2 2 9/16 3 1/4 11/32 1/4 R19 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 1 1/2

2 3 1/4 4 11/32 1/4 R22 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 22 1/2 4 4 3/4 11/32 1/4 R25 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 2 1/2

3 4 1/2 5 1/4 11/32 1/4 R29 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 33 1/2 5 3/16 6 1/16 11/32 1/4 R33 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 3 1/2

4 5 7/8 6 3/4 11/32 1/4 R36 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 45 6 3/4 7 5/8 11/32 1/4 R40 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 56 7 5/8 8 5/8 11/32 1/4 R43 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 68 9 3/4 10 3/4 11/32 1/4 R48 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 810 12 13 11/32 1/4 R52 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 1012 15 16 11/32 1/4 R56 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 – – – 1214 15 5/8 16 3/4 11/32 1/4 R59 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 1/8 – – – 1416 17 7/8 19 11/32 1/4 R64 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 1/8 – – – 1618 20 3/8 21 1/2 11/32 1/4 R68 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 1/8 – – – 1820 22 23 1/2 11/32 1/4 R72 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 1/8 – – – 2024 26 1/2 28 11/32 1/4 R76 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 1/8 – – – 24

RING JOINTDIMENSIONS150 LB.

DETAIL FORFLAT GROOVE

12

GROOVE RINGPitch Diameter

Diameter of Height Width of Approximate distance betweenNominal of Raised Flat on flanges when joint is Nominal

Pipe Ring & Face Width Depth Ring Width Octagonal compressed PipeSize Groove Number Oval Octagonal Ring Size

P† K† D L A B H C 150 lb. 300 lb. 400 lb. 600 lb.

300, 400, 600 LB.1/2 1 11/32 2 9/32 7/32 R11 1/4 7/16 3/8 0.170 – 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/23/4 1 11/16 2 1/2 11/32 1/4 R13 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 – 5/32 5/32 5/32 3/41 2 2 3/4 11/32 1/4 R16 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 – 5/32 5/32 5/32 1

1 1/4 2 3/8 3 1/8 11/32 1/4 R18 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 – 5/32 5/32 5/32 1 1/41 1/2 2 11/16 3 9/16 11/32 1/4 R20 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 – 5/32 5/32 5/32 1 1/2

2 3 1/4 4 1/4 15/32 5/16 R23 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 3/16 3/16 22 1/2 4 5 15/32 5/16 R26 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 3/16 3/16 2 1/2

3 4 7/8* 5 3/4 15/32 5/16 R31* 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 3/16 3/16 33 1/2 5 3/16 6 1/4 15/32 5/16 R34 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 3/16 3/16 3 1/2

4 5 7/8 6 7/8 15/32 5/16 R37 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 45 7 1/8 8 1/4 15/32 5/16 R41 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 56 8 5/16 9 1/2 15/32 5/16 R45 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 68 10 5/8 11 7/8 15/32 5/16 R49 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 8

10 12 3/4 14 15/32 5/16 R53 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 1012 15 16 1/4 15/32 5/16 R57 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 1214 16 1/2 18 15/32 5/16 R61 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 1416 18 1/2 20 15/32 5/16 R65 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 1618 21 22 5/8 15/32 5/16 R69 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 1820 23 25 17/32 3/8 R73 1/2 3/4 11/16 0.341 – 7/32 7/32 3/16 2024 27 1/4 29 1/2 21/32 7/16 R77 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 – 1/4 1/4 7/32 24

RING JOINTDIMENSIONS300, 400, 600 LB.


13

GROOVE RINGPitch Diameter Approximate

Diameter of Height Width of distance betweenNominal of Raised Flat on flanges when Nominal

Pipe Ring & Face Width Depth Ring Width Octagonal joint is PipeSize Groove Number Oval Octagonal Ring compressed Size

P† K† D L A B H C

900 LB.1/2 1 9/16 2 3/8 11/32 1/4 R12 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1/23/4 1 3/4 2 5/8 11/32 1/4 R14 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 3/41 2 2 13/16 11/32 1/4 R16 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1

1 1/4 2 3/8 3 3/16 11/32 1/4 R18 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1 1/41 1/2 2 11/16 3 5/8 11/32 1/4 R20 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1 1/2

2 3 3/4 4 7/8 15/32 5/16 R24 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 22 1/2 4 1/4 5 3/8 15/32 5/16 R27 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 2 1/2

3 4 7/8 6 1/8 15/32 5/16 R31 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 34 5 7/8 7 1/8 15/32 5/16 R37 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 45 7 1/8 8 1/2 15/32 5/16 R41 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 56 8 5/16 9 1/2 15/32 5/16 R45 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 68 10 5/8 12 1/8 15/32 5/16 R49 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 810 12 3/4 14 1/4 15/32 5/16 R53 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 1012 15 16 1/2 15/32 5/16 R57 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 5/32 1214 16 1/2 18 3/8 21/32 7/16 R62 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 5/32 1416 18 1/2 20 5/8 21/32 7/16 R66 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 5/32 1618 21 23 3/8 25/32 1/2 R70 3/4 1 15/16 0.485 3/16 1820 23 25 1/2 25/32 1/2 R74 3/4 1 15/16 0.485 3/16 2024 27 1/4 30 3/8 1 1/16 5/8 R78 1 1 5/16 1 1/4 0.681 7/32 24

† See flange drawing.* For 3" lap joint stub ends, 300, 400, and 600 lb. pressure ratings,P = 4 5/8", and ring number is R30.DIMENSIONS are shown in inches, and conform to ASAStandards B16.5 and B16.20.

TOLERANCESP (of groove) ± .005" A ± .008"P (of ring) ± .007" B ± 1/64"D ± .008" H ± 1/64"L + 1/64" - 0" C ± .008"

FLAT BOTTOMED GROOVE, as shown in detail

above, will be furnished unless otherwise specified.CORNER RADIUS “r” is

1/32" for groove width 15/32" and smaller,1/16" for groove width 1/2" to 29/32",3/32" for groove width 7/8" and larger.

RING JOINT DIMENSIONS 900 LB.

14





1500 LB.1/2 1 9/16 2 3/8 11/32 1/4 R12 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1/23/4 1 3/4 2 5/8 11/32 1/4 R14 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 3/41 2 2 13/16 11/32 1/4 R16 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1

1 1/4 2 3/8 3 3/16 11/32 1/4 R18 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1 1/41 1/2 2 11/16 3 5/8 11/32 1/4 R20 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1 1/2

2 3 3/4 4 7/8 15/32 5/16 R24 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 22 1/2 4 1/4 5 3/8 15/32 5/16 R27 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 2 1/2

3 5 3/8 6 5/8 15/32 5/16 R35 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 34 6 3/8 7 5/8 15/32 5/16 R39 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 45 7 5/8 9 15/32 5/16 R44 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 56 8 5/16 9 3/4 17/32 3/8 R46 1/2 3/4 11/16 0.341 1/8 68 10 5/8 12 1/2 21/32 7/16 R50 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 5/32 810 12 3/4 14 5/8 21/32 7/16 R54 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 5/32 1012 15 17 1/4 29/32 9/16 R58 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/16 0.583 3/16 1214 16 1/2 19 1/4 1 1/16 5/8 R63 1 1 5/16 1 1/4 0.681 7/32 1416 18 1/2 21 1/2 1 3/16 11/16 R67 1 1/8 1 7/16 1 3/8 0.780 5/16 1618 21 24 1/8 1 3/16 11/16 R71 1 1/8 1 7/16 1 3/8 0.780 5/16 1820 23 26 1/2 1 5/16 11/16 R75 1 1/4 1 9/16 1 1/2 0.879 3/8 2024 27 1/4 31 1/4 1 7/16 13/16 R79 1 3/8 1 3/4 1 5/8 0.977 7/16 24



15





2500 LB.1/2 1 11/16 2 9/16 11/32 1/4 R13 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1/23/4 2 2 7/8 11/32 1/4 R16 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 3/41 2 3/8 3 1/4 11/32 1/4 R18 5/16 9/16 1/2 0.206 5/32 1

1 1/4 2 27/32 4 15/32 5/16 R21 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 1 1/41 1/2 3 1/4 4 1/2 15/32 5/16 R23 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 1 1/2

2 4 5 1/4 15/32 5/16 R26 7/16 11/16 5/8 0.305 1/8 22 1/2 4 3/8 5 7/8 17/32 3/8 R28 1/2 3/4 11/16 0.341 1/8 2 1/2

3 5 6 5/8 17/32 3/8 R32 1/2 3/4 11/16 0.341 1/8 34 6 3/16 8 21/32 7/16 R38 5/8 7/8 13/16 0.413 5/32 45 7 1/2 9 1/2 25/32 1/2 R42 3/4 1 15/16 0.485 5/32 56 9 11 25/32 1/2 R47 3/4 1 15/16 0.485 5/32 68 11 13 3/8 29/32 9/16 R51 7/8 1 1/8 1 1/16 0.583 3/16 8

10 13 1/2 16 3/4 1 3/16 11/16 R55 1 1/8 1 7/16 1 3/8 0.780 1/4 1012 16 19 1/2 1 5/16 11/16 R60 1 1/4 1 9/16 1 1/2 0.879 5/16 12


16

Lap * andNom. Pipe Overall Lap Fillet Outside Inside Wall Tolerances of Approx.Pipe Sched. Length Diameter Radius Diameter Diameter Thickness OD of Barrel WeightSize No. (lb.)

Q R r OD ID T Plus Minus1/2 40 3 1 3/8 1/8 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.056 0.031 .43/4 40 3 1 11/16 1/8 1.050 0.824 0.113 0.056 0.031 .51 40 4 2 1/8 1.315 1.049 0.133 0.061 0.031 .8

1 1/4 40 4 2 1/2 3/16 1.660 1.380 0.140 0.056 0.031 1.11 1/2 40 4 2 7/8 1/4 1.900 1.610 0.145 0.066 0.031 1.2

2 40 6 3 5/8 5/16 2.375 2.067 0.154 0.081 0.031 2.22 1/2 40 6 4 1/8 5/16 2.875 2.469 0.203 0.091 0.031 3.5

3 40 6 5 3/8 3.500 3.068 0.216 0.096 0.031 4.83 1/2 40 6 5 1/2 3/8 4.000 3.548 0.226 0.096 0.031 6

4 40 6 6 3/16 7/16 4.500 4.026 0.237 0.093 0.031 7.25 40 8 7 5/16 7/16 5.563 5.047 0.258 0.120 0.031 136 40 8 8 1/2 1/2 6.625 6.065 0.280 0.118 0.031 168 40 8 10 5/8 1/2 8.625 7.981 0.322 0.118 0.031 2310 40 10 12 3/4 1/2 10.750 10.020 0.365 0.163 0.031 4112 – 10 15 1/2 12.750 12.000 0.375 0.163 0.031 4714 30 12 16 1/4 1/2 14.000 13.250 0.375 0.170 0.031 6116 30 12 18 1/2 1/2 16.000 15.250 0.375 0.180 0.031 7318 – 12 21 1/2 18.000 17.250 0.375 0.190 0.031 8520 20 12 23 1/2 20.000 19.250 0.375 0.240 0.031 10024 20 12 27 1/4 1/2 24.000 23.250 0.375 0.240 0.031 115

LAP JOINTSTUB ENDS STANDARD WEIGHT

17

Lap * andNom. Pipe Overall Lap Fillet Outside Inside Wall Tolerances of Approx.Pipe Sched. Length Diameter Radius Diameter Diameter Thickness OD of Barrel WeightSize No. (lb.)

Q R r OD ID T Plus Minus1/2 80 3 1 3/8 1/8 0.840 0.546 0.147 0.056 0.031 .43/4 80 3 1 11/16 1/8 1.050 0.742 0.154 0.056 0.031 .81 80 4 2 1/8 1.315 0.957 0.179 0.061 0.031 .9

1 1/4 80 4 2 1/2 3/16 1.660 1.278 0.191 0.056 0.031 1.21 1/2 80 4 2 7/8 1/4 1.900 1.500 0.200 0.066 0.031 1.8

2 80 6 3 5/8 5/16 2.375 1.939 0.218 0.081 0.031 3.22 1/2 80 6 4 1/8 5/16 2.875 2.323 0.276 0.091 0.031 4.5

3 80 6 5 3/8 3.500 2.900 0.300 0.096 0.031 6.53 1/2 80 6 5 1/2 3/8 4.000 3.364 0.318 0.096 0.031 7.8

4 80 6 6 3/16 7/16 4.500 3.826 0.337 0.093 0.031 9.85 80 8 7 5/16 7/16 5.563 4.813 0.375 0.120 0.031 176 80 8 8 1/2 1/2 6.625 5.761 0.432 0.118 0.031 238 80 8 10 5/8 1/2 8.625 7.625 0.500 0.118 0.031 3210 60 10 12 3/4 1/2 10.750 9.750 0.500 0.163 0.031 5312 – 10 15 1/2 12.750 11.750 0.500 0.163 0.031 6314 – 12 16 1/4 1/2 14.000 13.000 0.500 0.170 0.031 8016 40 12 18 1/2 1/2 16.000 15.000 0.500 0.180 0.031 9518 – 12 21 1/2 18.000 17.000 0.500 0.190 0.031 12020 30 12 23 1/2 20.000 19.000 0.500 0.240 0.031 13024 – 12 27 1/4 1/2 24.000 23.000 0.500 0.240 0.031 150

LAP JOINTSTUB ENDS EXTRA STRONG

18

1/2" – R-11 R-12 R-12 R-13

3/4" – R-13 R-14 R-14 R-16

1" R-15 R-16 R-16 R-16 R-18

1 1/4" R-17 R-18 R-18 R-18 R-21

1 1/2" R-19 R-20 R-20 R-20 R-23

2" R-22 R-23 R-24 R-24 R-26

2 1/2" R-25 R-26 R-27 R-27 R-28

3 R-29 R-31* R-31 R-35 R-32

3 1/2 R-33 R-34 – – –

4" R-36 R-37 R-37 R-39 R-38

5" R-40 R-41 R-41 R-44 R-42

6" R-43 R-45 R-45 R-46 R-47

8" R-48 R-49 R-49 R-50 R-51

10" R-52 R-53 R-53 R-54 R-55

12" R-56 R-57 R-57 R-58 R-60

14" R-59 R-61 R-62 R-63 –

16" R-64 R-65 R-66 R-67 –

18" R-68 R-69 R-70 R-71 –

20" R-72 R-73 R-74 R-75 –

24" R-76 R-77 R-78 R-79 –

“R” OR “RX” NUMBERS OF API AND ANSISTANDARD RING-JOINT FLANGES

FLANGES SERIES300# ANSI

PIPE 400# ANSI 900# ANSI 1500# ANSI 2500#SIZE 150# ANSI 600# ANSI 3000# API 5000# API ANSI

2000# API

* With lapped flanges use No. R-30 instead of No. R-31.

ANSI TO PN PRESSURE CHART

ANSI RATING PN RATING150 20300 50400 68600 100900 150

1500 2502500 420

19

TABLES 2PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE RATINGS FOR

GROUPS 1.1 THROUGH 3.16 MATERIALS

TABLE 2-1.1 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.1 MATERIALS

NominalDesignation Forgings Castings Plates

C-Si A 105 (1) A 216 Gr. WCB (1) A 515 Gr. 70 (1)

C-Mn-Si A 350 Gr. LF2 (1) A 516 Gr. 70 (1) (2)A 537 Cl. 1 (3)

NOTES:(1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800˚F, the carbide phase of steel

may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolongeduse above 800˚F.

(2) Not to be used over 850˚F.(3) Not to be used over 700˚F.

WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psigClass

Temp., ˚F 150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500

-20 to 100 285 740 990 1480 2220 3705 6170200 260 675 900 1350 2025 3375 5625300 230 655 875 1315 1970 3280 5470400 200 635 845 1270 1900 3170 5280500 170 600 800 1200 1795 2995 4990600 140 550 730 1095 1640 2735 4560650 125 535 715 1075 1610 2685 4475700 110 535 710 1065 1600 2665 4440750 95 505 670 1010 1510 2520 4200800 80 410 550 825 1235 2060 3430850 65 270 355 535 805 1340 2230900 50 170 230 345 515 860 1430950 35 105 140 205 310 515 860

1000 20 50 70 105 155 260 430

20

Appendix APipeline Component Size NomenclatureNote: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard

TABLE A1REFERENCE TABLE

Pipeline Component Size Nomenclature

Nominal Size of Matching steel line pipefitting size OD, mm

NPS 1/2 DN 15 21.3NPS 3/4 DN 20 26.7NPS 1 DN 25 33.4NPS 1 1/4 DN 32 42.2NPS 1 1/2 DN 40 48.3NPS 2 DN 50 60.3NPS 2 1/2 DN 65 73.0NPS 3 DN 80 88.9NPS 3 1/2 DN 90 101.6NPS 4 DN 100 114.3NPS 5 DN 125 141.3NPS 6 DN 150 168.3NPS 8 DN 200 219.1NPS 10 DN 250 273.1NPS 12 DN 300 323.9NPS 14 DN 350 355.6NPS 16 DN 400 406.4NPS 18 DN 450 457NPS 20 DN 500 508NPS 22 DN 550 559NPS 24 DN 600 610NPS 26 DN 650 660NPS 28 DN 700 711NPS 30 DN 750 762NPS 32 DN 800 813NPS 34 DN 850 864NPS 36 DN 900 914NPS 38 DN 950 965NPS 40 DN 1000 1016NPS 42 DN 1050 1067NPS 44 DN 1100 1118NPS 46 DN 1150 1168NPS 48 DN 1200 1219NPS 50 DN 1250 1270NPS 52 DN 1300 1321NPS 54 DN 1350 1372NPS 56 DN 1400 1422NPS 58 DN 1450 1473NPS 60 DN 1500 1524

21

Appendix BNominal Pressure Class NomenclatureNote: This Appendix is not a mandatory part of this Standard

TABLE B1REFERENCE TABLE

Nominal Pressure Class Nomenclature

ANSI class designation Nominal pressure class

150 PN 20300 PN 50400 PN 68600 PN 100900 PN 1501500 PN 2502500 PN 420

Notes:(1) ANSI class designations are designations given to flanges to indicate themanufacturing dimensions and maximum allowable non-shock workingpressure considering the material utilized and the operating temperature.(2) “PN” means “pressure nominal” and the PN system of nominal pressureclass designation is contained in standards prepared by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO). The numerical part of thedesignation approximates the maximum cold working pressure rating in bars(100 kPa).

22

TABLE 1.1Tensile Requirements

MinimumMinimum yield Minimum tensile elongation in

Grade strength, MPa strength, MPa 50.8 mm, %

248 248 414 20290 290 414 20317 317 434 20359 359 455 20386 386 490 20414 414 517 20448 448 531 18483 483 565 16

Note: The tensile requirements for intermediate grades shall be obtained byinterpolation between those specified for standard grades.

TABLE 1.2Nominal Pressure Class Nomenclature

Nominal pressure Maximum cold workingclass pressure rating, kPa

PN 20 1 900PN 50 4 960PN 68 6 620PN 100 9 930PN 150 14 890PN 250 24 820PN 420 41 370

Notes:(1) “PN” means “pressure nominal” and the PN system of nominal pressureclass designation is contained in standards prepared by the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO). The numerical part of thedesignation approximates the maximum cold working pressure rating in bars(100 kPa).(2) Pressure ratings are for temperatures up to and including 120˚C.

23

TABLE 10.8Tolerances for Standard Fittings Grade 290 and Higher

Centre-to-end dimensions Centre-to-

Out-of- (A,B,C,M) end dimensionInside roundness Reducers Capsdiameter SR & LR elbows, 3R overall length overall length

Size at end Elbows Other tees elbows H E

NPS 1/2 toNPS 24 inclusive ±2 5 3 ±2 ±3 ±2 ±7NPS 26 toNPS 36 inclusive ±2 1% 3 ±3 ±6 ±5 ±10NPS 38 toNPS 48 inclusive ±3 1% 3 ±5 ±10 ±10 ±10

Angularity toleranceElbows, tees, Elbows Reducersreducers off plane centreline

Size off angle Q P offset

NPS 1/2 toNPS 24 inclusive 2 6 3%NPS 26 toNPS 36 inclusive 2 13 3%NPS 38 toNPS 48 inclusive 3 9 3%

Notes:(1) The out-of-roundness tolerance shall be the difference between the maximum and minimum inside diameters measured on any radial cross-section at theend of the fitting. In addition, NPS 18 or larger elbows shall be not more than 3% out-of-round throughout their length.(2) Where tolerances are given in per cent, the tolerance applies to the nominal diameter expressed in millimetres.(3) For reducing tees, the run size shall be used to determine the tolerance of the centre-to-end dimension of the outlet.(4) For reducers, the larger dimension shall be used to determine the length tolerance.(5) All tolerances, except as noted, are in millimetres.

This end flush against square.

24

TABLE 7.2Compliance Factor (F) — Carbon Equivalent Formula

Compliance Compliance ComplianceCarbon (%) factor Carbon (%) factor Carbon(%) factor

<0.06 0.53 0.11 0.70 0.17 0.940.06 0.54 0.12 0.75 0.18 0.960.07 0.56 0.13 0.80 0.19 0.970.08 0.58 0.14 0.85 0.20 0.980.09 0.62 0.15 0.88 0.21 0.990.10 0.66 0.16 0.92 >0.21 1.00

TABLE 9.1Location of Test Samples and Frequency of Testing for Bends

Manufacturing procedure Test locations

Cold bends Outer radius, weld seam, tangentHot bends, lower than Grade 290 Outer radius, weld seam, tangentHot bends, Grade 290 or higher Outer radius, inner radius, weld seam

neutral axis, tangent

Notes:(1) New sets of tests, as described in Clause 9.1.4, are required for changes ingrade, wall thickness, outside diameter, or heat number.(2) Where a post-bend heat treatment is done, the bends represented by a setof tests shall be(a) heat treated in the same charge as the test samples; or(b) heat treated in the same manner as the test samples; however, in one ormore furnaces that are surveyed at least annually, controlled within a rangeof 30˚C, and equipped with recording sensors that are calibrated at leastquarterly.(3) Testing of tangents is not required if a post-bend heat treatment is notperformed.(4) Testing of weld seams is not required for welds made without the additionof extraneous metal.

25

TABLE 7.1Chemical Composition Limits for Heat

and Product Analysis

Grades Maximum carbon equivalent*, %

Grade 290and higher 0.50

Maximum permitted, %

Lower than Grade 290 Grade 290 or higherElement heat analysis product analysis

Carbon 0.35 0.30Manganese 1.35 1.60Phosphorus 0.05 0.05Sulphur 0.06 0.06Silicon 0.35 0.50Copper – 1.50Nickel – 1.00Chromium – 0.25Molybdenum – 0.25Vanadium – 0.13Niobium – 0.10Boron – 0.001

*The carbon equivalent shall be determined from the product analysis byusing the following formula:

C.E. = C + F

where F is a compliance factor that is dependent on carbon content and isgiven in Table 7.2.

Notes:(1) The chemical requirements of this Table are not intended to represent thecomposition of any heat of steel but to record the maximum permissibleamounts of individual elements.(2) Niobium is also known as columbium.

Mn Si Cu Ni Cr + Mo + V + Nb6 24 15 20 5

+ + + + + 5B{ }

This Page Is Intentionally Left Blank

27

ANSI 150 LB FLANGESNominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM

Stud Bolt LengthNo.of

Studs

1/2 12.70 1/2 12.70 4 2 1/4 57.153/4 19.05 1/2 12.70 4 2 1/2 63.501 25.40 1/2 12.70 4 2 1/2 63.50 3 76.20

1 1/4 31.75 1/2 12.70 4 2 3/4 69.85 3 1/4 82.551 1/2 38.10 1/2 12.70 4 2 3/4 69.85 3 1/4 82.552 50.80 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/4 82.55 3 3/4 95.25

2 1/2 63.50 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/2 88.90 4 101.603 76.20 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/2 88.90 4 1/4 107.953 1/2 88.90 5/8 15.88 8 3 1/2 88.90 4 1/4 107.95

4 101.60 5/8 15.88 8 3 1/2 88.90 4 1/4 107.955 127.00 3/4 19.05 8 3 3/4 95.25 4 1/2 114.306 152.40 3/4 19.05 8 4 101.60 4 1/2 114.30

8 203.20 3/4 19.05 8 4 1/4 107.95 4 3/4 120.6510 254.00 7/8 22.23 12 4 3/4 120.65 5 1/4 133.3512 304.80 7/8 22.23 12 4 3/4 120.65 5 1/2 139.70

14 355.60 1 25.40 12 5 1/4 133.35 6 152.4016 406.40 1 25.40 16 5 1/2 139.70 6 152.4018 457.20 1 1/8 28.58 16 6 152.40 6 1/2 165.10

20 508.00 1 1/8 28.58 20 6 1/4 158.75 7 177.8022 558.80 1 1/4 31.75 20 6 1/2 165.10 7 1/4 184.1524 609.60 1 1/4 31.75 20 7 177.80 7 3/4 196.85

BOLTING DIMENSIONSFOR ANSI FLANGESALL SIZES AS PER

ANSI B16.5-1988

UPDATED ANDREVISED

SEPTEMBER 1997

28 ANSI 300 LB FLANGES ANSI 400 LB FLANGESNominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

1/2 12.70 1/2 12.70 4 3 76.20 3 76.203/4 19.05 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/2 88.90 3 1/2 88.901 25.40 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/2 88.90 3 1/2 88.90

1 1/4 31.75 5/8 15.88 4 3 3/4 95.25 3 3/4 95.251 1/2 38.10 3/4 19.05 4 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/4 107.952 50.80 5/8 15.88 8 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/4 107.95

2 1/2 63.50 3/4 19.05 8 4 3/4 120.65 4 3/4 120.653 76.20 3/4 19.05 8 5 127.00 5 127.003 1/2 88.90 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 1/2 139.70

4 101.60 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 1/2 139.705 127.00 7/8 22.23 8 5 3/4 146.05 5 3/4 146.056 152.40 7/8 22.23 12 6 152.40 6 152.40

8 203.20 1 25.40 12 6 3/4 171.45 6 3/4 171.4510 254.00 1 1/8 28.58 16 7 1/2 190.50 7 1/2 190.5012 304.80 1 1/4 31.75 16 8 203.20 8 203.20

14 355.60 1 1/4 31.75 20 8 1/4 209.55 8 1/4 209.5516 406.40 1 3/8 34.93 20 8 3/4 222.25 8 3/4 222.2518 457.20 1 3/8 34.93 24 9 228.60 9 228.60

20 508.00 1 1/2 38.10 24 9 1/2 241.30 9 3/4 247.6522 558.80 1 5/8 41.28 24 10 254.00 10 1/2 266.7024 609.60 1 3/4 44.45 24 10 1/2 266.70 11 279.40

NominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

1/2 12.70 1/2 12.70 4 2-1/2 63.50 3 76.203/4 19.05 5/8 15.88 4 3 76.20 3-1/4 82.551 25.40 5/8 15.88 4 3-1/4 82.55 3-1/4 82.55

1-1/4 31.75 5/8 15.88 4 3-1/4 82.55 3-3/4 95.251-1/2 38.10 3/4 19.05 4 3-1/2 88.90 4 101.602 50.80 5/8 15.88 8 3-1/2 88.90 4-1/4 107.95

2-1/2 63.50 3/4 19.05 8 4 101.60 4-1/2 114.303 76.20 3/4 19.05 8 4-1/4 107.95 5 127.003-1/2 88.90 3/4 19.05 8 4-1/4 107.95 5 127.00

4 101.60 3/4 19.05 8 4-1/2 114.30 5-1/4 133.355 127.00 3/4 19.05 8 4-3/4 120.65 5-1/4 133.356 152.40 3/4 19.05 12 4-3/4 120.65 5-3/4 146.05

8 203.20 7/8 22.23 12 5-1/2 139.70 6-1/4 158.7510 254.00 1 25.40 16 6-1/4 158.75 7-1/4 184.1512 304.80 1-1/8 28.58 16 6-3/4 171.45 7-1/2 190.50

14 355.60 1-1/8 28.58 20 7 177.80 7-3/4 196.8516 406.40 1-1/4 31.75 20 7-1/2 190.50 8-1/2 215.9018 457.20 1-1/4 31.75 24 7-3/4 196.85 8-1/4 209.95

20 508.00 1-1/4 31.75 24 8-1/4 209.55 9-1/4 234.9522 558.80 1-1/2 38.10 24 8-3/4 222.25 9-3/4 247.6524 609.60 1-1/2 38.10 24 9-1/4 234.95 10-1/4 260.35

29

ANSI 600 LB FLANGES ANSI 900 LB FLANGESNominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

1/2 12.70 3/4 19.05 4 4 101.60 4 1/4 107.953/4 19.05 3/4 19.05 4 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/2 114.301 25.40 7/8 22.23 4 4 3/4 120.65 5 127.00

1 1/4 31.75 7/8 22.23 4 5 127.00 5 127.001 1/2 38.10 1 25.40 4 5 1/4 133.35 5 1/2 139.702 50.80 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 3/4 146.05

2 1/2 63.50 1 25.40 8 6 1/4 158.75 6 1/4 158.753 76.20 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 3/4 146.054 101.60 1 1/8 28.58 8 6 1/2 165.10 6 3/4 171.45

5 127.00 1 1/4 31.75 8 7 1/2 190.50 7 1/2 190.506 152.40 1 1/8 28.58 12 7 1/2 190.50 7 3/4 196.858 203.20 1 3/8 34.93 12 8 1/2 215.90 8 3/4 222.25

10 254.00 1 3/8 34.93 16 9 228.60 9 1/4 234.9512 304.80 1 3/8 34.93 20 9 3/4 247.65 10 254.0014 355.60 1 1/2 38.10 20 10 1/2 266.70 11 279.40

16 406.40 1 5/8 41.28 20 11 279.40 11 1/2 292.1018 457.20 1 7/8 47.63 20 12 3/4 323.85 13 1/4 336.5520 508.00 2 50.80 20 13 1/2 342.90 14 1/4 361.95

24 609.60 2 1/2 63.50 20 17 431.80 18 457.20

NominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

1/2 12.70 1/2 12.70 4 3 76.20 3 76.203/4 19.05 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/4 82.55 3 1/4 82.551 25.40 5/8 15.88 4 3 1/2 88.90 3 1/2 88.90

1 1/4 31.75 5/8 15.88 4 3 3/4 95.25 3 3/4 95.251 1/2 38.10 3/4 19.05 4 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/4 107.952 50.80 5/8 15.88 8 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/2 114.30

2 1/2 63.50 3/4 19.05 8 5 127.00 4 3/4 120.653 76.20 3/4 19.05 8 5 127.00 5 1/4 133.353 1/2 88.90 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 1/2 139.70

4 101.60 7/8 22.23 8 5 3/4 146.05 6 152.405 127.00 1 25.40 8 6 1/2 165.10 6 1/2 165.106 152.40 1 25.40 12 6 3/4 171.45 7 177.80

8 203.20 1 1/8 28.58 12 7 3/4 196.85 8 203.2010 254.00 1 1/4 31.75 16 8 1/2 215.90 8 3/4 222.2512 304.80 1 1/4 31.75 20 8 3/4 222.25 9 228.60

14 355.60 1 3/8 34.93 20 9 1/4 234.95 9 1/2 241.3016 406.40 1 1/2 38.10 20 10 254.00 10 1/4 260.3518 457.20 1 5/8 41.28 20 10 3/4 273.05 11 279.40

20 508.00 1 5/8 41.28 24 11 1/2 292.10 11 3/4 298.4522 558.80 1 3/4 44.45 24 12 304.80 12 1/2 317.5024 609.60 1 7/8 47.63 24 13 330.20 13 1/2 342.90

30 ANSI 1500 LB FLANGES ANSI 2500 LB FLANGES

1/2 12.70 3/4 19.05 4 4 3/4 120.65 4 3/4 120.653/4 19.05 3/4 19.05 4 4 3/4 120.65 5 127.001 25.40 7/8 22.23 4 5 1/4 133.35 5 1/2 139.70

1 1/4 31.75 1 25.40 4 6 152.40 6 152.401 1/2 38.10 1 1/8 28.58 4 6 1/2 165.10 6 3/4 171.452 50.80 1 25.40 8 6 3/4 171.45 7 177.80

2 1/2 63.50 1 1/8 28.58 8 7 3/4 196.85 8 203.203 76.20 1 1/4 31.75 8 8 1/2 215.90 9 228.604 101.60 1 1/2 38.10 8 9 3/4 247.65 10 1/4 260.35

5 127.00 1 3/4 44.45 8 11 3/4 289.45 12 1/4 311.156 152.40 2 50.80 8 13 1/2 342.90 14 355.608 203.20 2 50.80 12 15 381.00 15 1/2 393.70

10 254.00 2 1/2 63.50 12 19 482.60 20 508.0012 304.80 2 3/4 69.85 12 21 533.40 22 558.80

NominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

NominalPipe Size

Inches MM

Diameterof Studs

Inches MM

Raised Face

Inches MM

Ring Joint

Inches MM


Studs

1/2 12.70 3/4 19.05 4 4 101.60 4 1/4 107.953/4 19.05 3/4 19.05 4 4 1/4 107.95 4 1/2 114.301 25.40 7/8 22.23 4 4 3/4 120.65 5 127.00

1 1/4 31.75 7/8 22.23 4 5 127.00 5 127.001 1/2 38.10 1 25.40 4 5 1/4 133.35 5 1/2 139.702 50.80 7/8 22.23 8 5 1/2 139.70 5 3/4 146.05

2 1/2 63.50 1 25.40 8 6 1/4 158.75 6 1/4 158.753 76.20 1 1/8 28.58 8 6 3/4 171.45 7 177.804 101.60 1 1/4 31.75 8 7 1/2 190.50 7 3/4 196.85

5 127.00 1 1/2 38.10 8 9 3/4 247.65 9 3/4 247.656 152.40 1 3/8 34.93 12 10 254.00 10 1/4 260.358 203.20 1 5/8 41.28 12 11 1/4 285.75 11 3/4 298.45

10 254.00 1 7/8 47.63 12 13 1/4 336.55 13 1/2 342.9012 304.80 2 50.80 16 14 3/4 374.65 15 1/4 387.3514 355.60 2 1/4 57.15 16 16 406.40 16 3/4 425.45

16 406.40 2 1/2 63.50 16 17 1/2 444.50 18 1/2 469.9018 457.20 2 3/4 69.85 16 19 1/4 488.95 20 1/4 514.3520 508.00 3 76.20 16 21 533.40 22 1/4 565.15

24 609.60 3 1/2 88.90 16 24 609.60 25 1/2 647.70

31

STANDARD CAST IRON COMPANIONFLANGES AND BOLTS

(For working pressures up to 125 psi steam, 175 psi WOG)

EXTRA HEAVY CAST IRON COMPANIONFLANGES AND BOLTS

(For working pressures up to 250 psi steam, 400 psi WOG)

DIAM OF BOLT NO. OF SIZE LENGTHSIZE FLANGE CIRCLE BOLTS OF BOLTS OF BOLTS

3/4 3 1/2 2 1/2 4 3/8 1 3/81 4 1/4 3 1/8 4 1/2 1 1/21 1/4 4 5/8 3 1/2 4 1/2 1 1/21 1/2 5 3 7/8 4 1/2 1 3/42 6 4 3/4 4 5/8 22 1/2 7 5 1/2 4 5/8 2 1/43 7 1/2 6 4 5/8 2 1/23 1/2 8 1/2 7 8 5/8 2 1/24 9 7 1/2 8 5/8 2 3/45 10 8 1/2 8 3/4 36 11 9 1/2 8 3/4 38 13 1/2 11 3/4 8 3/4 3 1/410 16 14 1/4 12 7/8 3 1/212 19 17 12 7/8 3 3/414 21 18 3/4 12 1 4 1/416 23 1/2 21 1/4 16 1 4 1/4

DIAM DIAM NO. DIAM LENGTHPIPE OF OF BOLT OF OF OF

SIZES FLANGES CIRCLE BOLTS BOLTS BOLTS

1 4 7/8 3 1/2 4 5/8 2 1/41 1/4 5 1/4 3 7/8 4 5/8 2 1/21 1/2 6 1/8 4 1/2 4 3/4 2 1/22 6 1/2 5 8 5/8 2 1/22 1/2 7 1/2 5 7/8 8 3/4 33 8 1/4 6 5/8 8 3/4 3 1/43 1/2 9 7 1/4 8 3/4 3 1/44 10 7 7/8 8 3/4 3 1/25 11 9 1/4 8 3/4 3 3/46 12 1/2 10 5/8 12 3/4 3 3/48 15 13 12 7/8 4 1/410 17 1/2 15 1/4 16 1 512 20 1/2 17 3/4 16 1 1/8 5 1/214 O.D. 23 20 1/4 20 1 1/8 5 3/416 O.D. 25 1/2 22 1/2 20 1 1/4 618 O.D. 28 24 3/4 24 1 1/4 6 1/420 O.D. 30 1/2 27 24 1 1/4 6 3/424 O.D. 36 32 24 1 1/2 7 1/230 O.D. 43 39 1/4 28 1 3/4 8 1/236 O.D. 50 46 32 2 9 1/242 O.D. 57 52 3/4 36 2 1048 O.D. 65 60 3/4 40 2 11

WAFER BUTTERFLY VALVE STUD& CAPSCREW SIZES150 lb. Threaded Lug Type

No. of Capscrew Length ofValve Size Capscrews Diam. Capscrews

2 4 5/8 1 1/42 1/2 4 5/8 1 1/23 4 5/8 1 1/24 16 5/8 1 3/45 16 3/4 1 3/46 16 3/4 1 3/48 16 3/4 210 24 7/8 2 1/412 24 7/8 2 1/414 24 1 2 1/216 32 1 318 32 1 1/8 320 40 1 1/8 3

150 lb. Wafer Type

Valve Size No. of Studs Stud Diam. Length of Stud1 4 1/2 3 1/21 1/2 4 1/2 42 4 5/8 4 1/22 1/2 4 5/8 53 4 5/8 5 1/24 8 5/8 5 1/25 8 3/4 66 8 3/4 68 8 3/4 6 1/210 12 7/8 712 12 7/8 7 1/214 12 1 816 16 1 918 16 1 1/8 1020 24 1 1/8 1124 24 1 1/4 1330 32 1 1/4 1436 36 1 1/2 1642 40 1 1/2 1948 52 1 1/2 20

32

33

Pipe Fitting, Flange & Valve Compatibility Chart

This chart shows you how to match up pipe, fittings, flanges and valves

Pipe Weld Fittings Screwed & Socket Fittings Flanges Valves

SA–53 SA–234 WPB SA–105, SA–105–71 SA–105–71, SA–181 Gr.1 or 2 SA–105 SA–216 WCB

SA–106B SA–234 WPB SA–105 Gr. N SA–105 Gr. N SA–181 Gr.1 or 2 SA–105 SA–216 WCB

SA–312 T304* SA–403 WP–304 SA–182 F–304 SA–182 F–304 SA–182 F–304 CF–8

SA–312 T316* SA–403 WP–316 SA–182 F–316 SA–182 F–316 SA–182 F–316 CF8M

SA–333 Gr. 1/6 SA–420 WPL 1 & 6 SA–350 LF 1 & 2 SA–350 LF 1 & 2 SA–350 LF 1 & 2 SA–352 LCB

SA–333 Gr. 3 SA–420 WPL–3 SA–350 LF–3 SA–350 LF–3 SA–350 LF–3 SA–352 LC–3

SA–335 P–1 SA–234 WP–1 SA–182 F–1 SA–182 F–1 SA–217 WC–1 SA–182 F–1

SA–335 P–12 SA–234 WP–12 SA–182 F–12 SA–182 F–12 SA–217 WC–6

SA–335 P–11 SA–234 WP–11 SA–182 F–11 SA–182 F–11 SA–182 F–11 SA–217 WC–6

SA–335 P–22 SA–234 WP–22 SA–182 F–22 SA–182 F–22 SA–182 F–22 SA–217 WC–9

SA–335 P–5 SA–234 WP–5 SA–182 F–5 SA–182 F–5 SA–182 F–5 SA–217 C–5

SA–335 P–7 SA–234 WP–7 SA–182 F–7 SA–182 F–7 SA–182 F–7 SA–217 C–12

SA–335 P–9 SA–234 WP–9 SA–182 F–9 SA–182 F–9 SA–217 C–12

*Note: T–304 and T–316 are available in BLC grade

34

FIG, 17-26Design Properties and Allowable Working Pressures for Piping

ASTM A106, grade B seamless pipe – petroleum refinery piping codefor pressure piping ANSI B31.3-1984–Corrosion allowance=0.05

Nom. Allowable working pressures for temperatures (in °F) not to exceed.pipe Weight of Wall ID Flowsize Sch. pipe O.D. thk. (d) d5 area -20 to 200 300 400 500 600 700in. No. lb./ft. in. in. in. sq ft 100

1/2 S40 .851 .840 .109 .622 .0931 .00211 2258 2258 2258 2258 2134 1953 1863

3/4 S40 1.131 1.050 .113 .824 .3799 .00371 1933 1933 1933 1933 1827 1672 1595X80 1.474 .154 .742 .2249 .00300 3451 3451 3451 3451 3261 2985 2847

1 S40 1.679 1.315 .133 1.049 1.2700 .00600 2103 2103 2103 2103 1988 1819 1735X80 2.172 .179 .957 .8027 .00499 3468 3468 3468 3468 3277 3000 2861160 2.844 .250 .815 .3596 .00362 5720 5720 5720 5720 5405 4948 4719

XX 3.659 .358 .599 .0771 .00196 9534 9534 9534 9534 9010 8247 7866

1 1/2 S40 2.718 1.900 .145 1.610 10.820 .01414 1672 1672 1672 1672 1580 1446 1379X80 3.632 .200 1.500 7.594 .01225 2777 2777 2777 2777 2625 2402 2291160 4.866 .281 1.338 4.288 .00976 4494 4494 4494 4494 4247 3887 3707

XX 6.049 .400 1.100 1.611 .00660 7228 7228 7228 7228 6831 6253 5963

2 S40 3.653 2.375 .154 2.067 37.72 .02330 1469 1469 1469 1469 1388 1270 1212X80 5.022 .218 1.939 27.41 .02050 2488 2488 2488 2488 2351 2152 2053160 7.445 .343 1.687 13.74 .01556 4600 4600 4600 4600 4347 3979 3795

XX 9.030 .436 1.503 7.67 .01232 6284 6284 6284 6284 5939 5436 5185

3 S40 7.58 3.500 .216 3.068 271.80 .05130 1640 1640 1640 1640 1550 1419 1353X80 10.25 .300 2.900 205.10 .04587 2552 2552 2552 2552 2412 2207 2105160 14.33 .438 2.624 124.40 .03755 4122 4122 4122 4122 3895 3566 3401

XX 18.58 .600 2.300 64.36 .02885 6089 6089 6089 6089 5754 5267 5024

4 S40 10.79 4.500 .237 4.026 1058.0 .08840 1439 1439 1439 1439 1360 1244 1187X80 14.99 .337 3.826 819.8 .07986 2275 2275 2275 2275 2150 1968 1877160 22.51 .531 3.438 480.3 .06447 3978 3978 3978 3978 3760 3441 3282

XX 27.54 .674 3.152 311.1 .05419 5307 5307 5307 5307 5015 4590 4378

35 Note: The above allowable working pressures are calculated from Fig. 17-23 using a reduction in †m to 87.5% of the wall thickness shown above to recognize mill wall tolerance of 12.5%.

6 S40 18.98 6.625 .280 6.065 8206. .2006 1205 1205 1205 1205 1139 1042 994X80 28.58 .432 5.761 6346. .1810 2062 2062 2062 2062 1948 1783 1701160 45.30 .718 5.187 3762. .1469 3753 3753 3753 3753 3546 3246 3097

XX 53.17 .864 4.897 2816. .1308 4659 4659 4659 4659 4403 4030 3844

8 S40 28.56 8.625 .322 7.981 32380. .3474 1098 1098 1098 1098 1037 950 906X80 43.4 .500 7.625 25775. .3171 1864 1864 1864 1864 1761 1612 1537XX 72.4 .875 6.875 15360. .2578 3554 3554 3554 3554 3359 3074 2932160 74.7 .906 6.813 14679. .2532 3699 3699 3699 3699 3496 3200 3052

10 S40 40.5 10.750 .365 10.020 101000. .5475 1022 1022 1022 1022 966 884 843X60 54.7 .500 9.750 88110. .5185 1484 1484 1484 1484 1403 1284 1224160 115.7 1.125 8.500 44371. .3941 3736 3736 3736 3736 3531 3232 3082

12 S 49.6 12.750 .375 12.000 248800 .7854 888 888 888 888 839 768 732X 65.4 .500 11.750 223970 .7528 1245 1245 1245 1245 1177 1077 1027

160 160.3 1.312 10.126 106461 .5592 3699 3699 3699 3699 3496 3200 3052

14 10 36.7 14.000 .250 13.500 448400 .9940 486 486 486 486 460 421 401S30 54.6 .375 13.250 408394 .9575 807 807 807 807 763 698 666X 72.1 .500 13.000 371290 .9211 1132 1132 1132 1132 1069 979 934

16 10 42.1 16.000 .250 15.500 894660 1.310 425 425 425 425 402 368 351S30 62.6 .375 15.250 824801 1.268 705 705 705 705 666 609 581S40 82.8 .500 15.000 759375 1.227 987 987 987 987 933 854 815

18 10 47.4 18.000 .250 17.500 1641309 1.670 377 377 377 377 357 326 311S 70.6 .375 17.250 1527400 1.622 625 625 625 625 591 541 516X 93.5 .500 17.000 1419900 1.575 876 876 876 876 828 757 722

20 10 52.7 20.000 .250 19.500 2819500 2.074 339 339 339 339 321 293 280S20 78.6 .375 19.250 2643352 2.021 562 562 562 562 531 486 464X30 104.1 .500 19.000 2476099 1.969 787 787 787 787 743 680 649

24 10 63.4 24.000 .250 23.500 7167030 3.012 282 282 282 282 267 244 233S20 94.6 .375 23.250 6793832 2.948 468 467 467 467 442 404 386X 125.5 .500 23.000 6436300 2.883 660 654 654 654 618 565 539

36

COMMERCIAL PIPE SIZESThe following table lists the pipe sizes and wall thicknesses currentlyestablished as standard, or specifically:1. The traditional standard weight, extra strong, and double extra strong

pipe.2. The pipe wall thickness schedules listed in American Standard B36.10,

which are applicable to carbon steel.

All dimensions are given in inches.The decimal thicknesses listed for the respective pipe sizes represent their nominal

or average wall dimensions. The actual thicknesses may be as much as 12.5% under thenominal thickness because of mill tolerance. Thicknesses shown in light face forSchedule 60 and heavier pipe are not currently supplied by the mills, unless a certainminimum tonnage is ordered.

NOMINAL OUT- NOMINAL WALLPIPE SIDE SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. STAND-SIZE DIAM. 5S* 10S* 10 20 30 ARD†

1/8 0.405 – 0.049 – – – 0.0681/4 0.540 – 0.065 – – – 0.0883/8 0.675 – 0.065 – – – 0.0911/2 0.840 0.065 0.083 – – – 0.1093/4 1.050 0.065 0.083 – – – 0.1131 1.315 0.065 0.109 – – – 0.133

1 1/4 1.660 0.065 0.109 – – – 0.1401 1/2 1.900 0.065 0.109 – – – 0.145

2 2.375 0.065 0.109 – – – 0.1542 1/2 2.875 0.083 0.120 – – – 0.203

3 3.500 0.083 0.120 – – – 0.2163 1/2 4.000 0.083 0.120 – – – 0.226

4 4.500 0.083 0.120 – – – 0.2375 5.563 0.109 0.134 – – – 0.2586 6.625 0.109 0.134 – – – 0.2808 8.625 0.109 0.148 – 0.250 0.277 0.32210 10.750 0.134 0.165 – 0.250 0.307 0.36512 12.750 0.156 0.180 – 0.250 0.330 0.375

14 O.D. 14.000 0.156 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.37516 O.D 16.000 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.37518 O.D 18.000 0.165 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.438 0.37520 O.D 20.000 0.188 0.218 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.37522 O.D 22.000 0.188 0.218 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.37524 O.D 24.000 0.218 – 0.250 0.375 0.562 0.37526 O.D 26.000 – – 0.312 0.500 – 0.37528 O.D 28.000 – – 0.312 0.500 0.625 0.37530 O.D 30.000 0.250 0.312 0.312 0.500 0.625 0.37532 O.D 32.000 – – 0.312 0.500 0.625 0.37534 O.D 34.000 – – 0.312 0.500 0.625 0.37536 O.D 36.000 – – 0.312 0.500 0.625 0.37542 O.D 42.000 – – – 0.375 – –

37

AND WALL THICKNESSES3. The pipe wall thickness schedules listed in American Standard B36.19,

and ASTM Specification A409, which are applicable only to corrosionresistant materials. (NOTE: Schedule 10S is also available in carbon steelin sizes 12" and smaller.)

ASA-B36.10 and B36.19

*Schedule 5S and 10S are available in corrosion resistant materials and Schedule10S is also available in carbon steel.†Thicknesses shown in italics are available also in stainless steel, under the designationSchedule 40S.‡Thicknesses shown in italics are available also in stainless steel, under the designationSchedule 80S.

THICKNESS FORSCHED. SCHED. EXTRA SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. SCHED. XX

40 60 STRONG‡ 80 100 120 140 160 STRONG

0.068 – 0.095 0.095 – – – – –0.088 – 0.119 0.119 – – – – –0.091 – 0.126 0.126 – – – – –0.109 – 0.147 0.147 – – – 0.188 0.2940.113 – 0.154 0.154 – – – 0.219 0.3080.133 – 0.179 0.179 – – – 0.250 0.3580.140 – 0.191 0.191 – – – 0.250 0.3820.145 – 0.200 0.200 – – – 0.281 0.4000.154 – 0.218 0.218 – – – 0.344 0.4360.203 – 0.276 0.276 – – – 0.375 0.5520.216 – 0.300 0.300 – – – 0.438 0.6000.226 – 0.318 0.318 – – – – –0.237 – 0.337 0.337 – 0.438 – 0.531 0.6740.258 – 0.375 0.375 – 0.500 – 0.625 0.7500.280 – 0.432 0.432 – 0.562 – 0.719 0.8640.322 0.406 0.500 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.812 0.906 0.8750.365 0.500 0.500 0.594 0.719 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.0000.406 0.562 0.500 0.688 0.844 1.000 1.125 1.312 1.0000.438 0.594 0.500 0.750 0.938 1.094 1.250 1.406 –0.500 0.656 0.500 0.844 1.031 1.219 1.438 1.594 –0.562 0.750 0.500 0.938 1.156 1.375 1.562 1.781 –0.594 0.812 0.500 1.031 1.281 1.500 1.750 1.969 –

– 0.875 0.500 1.125 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125 –0.688 0.969 0.500 1.218 1.531 1.812 2.062 2.344 –

– – 0.500 – – – – – –– – 0.500 – – – – – –– – 0.500 – – – – – –

0.688 – 0.500 – – – – – –0.688 – 0.500 – – – – – –0.750 – 0.500 – – – – – –

– – 0.500 – – – – – –

ASTM CARBON STEEL PIPE AND FLANGE SPECIFICATIONS

PIPEAND

TUBING

FORGEDPIPE

FLANGES

Seamless milled steel PIPE for high-temperatureservice, suitable for bending, flanging and similarforming operations.

As above, except use Grade A for close coiling, coldbending or forge welding.

Black or hot-dip galv. seamless or res. welded steelPIPE suitable for coiling, bending, flanging and otherspecial purposes, suitable for welding.

As above, except use Grade A for close coiling, coldbending or forge welding.

Black or hot-dip galv. seamless or res. welded steelPIPE for ordinary uses. (When tension, flattening orbend test required, order to A-53).

Resistance welded steel PIPE for liquid, gas orvapor.

As above, except use Grade A for flanging andbending.

Electric-fusion-welded straight-or spiral-seam PIPEfor liquid, gas or vapor from mill grades of plate.

As above.

Forged or rolled steel pipe flanges, fittings (6) valvesand parts for high temperature service. Heattreatment required; may be annealed or normalized.

As above.

As above except for general service. Heat treatmentis not required.

As above.

DESCRIPTION ANDAPPLICATIONS

ASTM MINIMUM TENSILE PROPERTIES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, %

SPECNO.

(1)A 106

(1)A106

A53

A53

A120

A135

A135

A139

A139

A105

A105

A181

A181

GRADEOR

TYPE

A

B

A

B

–

A

B

A

B

I

II

I

II

TENSILESTRENGTH

PSI

48,000

60,000

48,000

60,000

–

48,000

60,000

48,000

60,000

60,000

70,000

60,000

70,000

YIELD PTOR STRENGTH

PSI

30,000

35,000

30,000

35,000

–

30,000

35,000

30,000

35,000

30,000

36,000

30,000

36,000

STDROUND

28 long.or (4)

20 trans.

22 longor (4)

12 trans.

28

22

–

–

–

–

–

25

22

22

18

RECTANGULARt 5/16" 5/16"

17.5+56t 35or

12.5+40t 2515.0+48t 30

or6.5+32t 16.5

17.5+56t 35

15.0+48t 30

– –

17.5+56t 30

15.0+48t 30

17.5+56t 35

15.0+48t 30

– –

– –

– –

– –

C

.25max

.30max

(2)

(2)

–

–

–

–.30max

.35 (5)max

.35 (5)max

.35 (5)max

.35 (5)max

MN

.27to.93

.29to

1.06

–

–

–

–

–

.30 to1.00

.30 to1.00

.90max

.90max

.90max

.90max

P

.048max

.048max

(3)

(3)

–

.050 max

.050 max

.040max

.040max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

S

.0'58max

.058max

–

–

–

.060max

.060max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

.050 max

38

ELONGATION (% IN 2")

.10% silicon m

inimum

.O

pen hearth, .13 max for 1/8" and 1/4" size resistance w

elded pipe only.Seam

less: open hearth .048 max, acid bessem

ar .11 max; R

es.-welded open hearth .050 m

ax.L

ongitudinal or transverse direction of test specimen w

ith respect to pipe axis.W

hen flanges will be subject to fusion w

elding, the carbon content shall not exceed .35%.

When carbon is restricted to .35%

max, it m

ay be necessary to add silicon to meet required

tensile properties. The silicon content shall not exceed .35%

.Factory-m

ade Wrought C

arbon Steel and Ferritic Alloy Steel W

elding Fitting Specifications are covered under A

STM

A234.

(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

(6)

39

STANDARD PIPE DATA

BARLOW’S FORMULA

Barlow’s Formula is a safe, easy method for finding the relationship betweeninternal fluid pressure and stress in the pipe wall. The formula predictsbursting pressures that have been found to be safely within the actual testbursting pressures.

It is interesting to note that the formula uses the “outside diameter” of pipeand is sometimes referred to as the “outside diameter formula.”

P = 2 X t X SD

where:P = internal units pressure, psiS = unit stress, psiD = outside diameter of pipe, in.t = wall thickness, in.

NOMINAL ACTUAL ACTUAL LENGTH IN FEET GALLONSPIPE INSIDE OUTSIDE WEIGHT CONTAINING IN ONE

DIAM. DIAM. DIAM. PER FOOT ONE CUBIC LINEALIN INCHES IN INCHES IN INCHES POUNDS FOOT FOOT

1/8 .269 .405 .244 2526.000 .00301/4 .364 .540 .424 1383.800 .00543/8 .493 .675 .567 754.360 .00991/2 .622 .840 .850 473.910 .01583/4 .824 1.050 1.130 270.030 .02771 1.049 1.315 1.678 166.620 .04491 1/4 1.380 1.660 2.272 96.275 .07771 1/2 1.610 1.900 2.717 70.733 .10582 2.067 2.375 3.652 49.913 .17432 1/2 2.469 2.875 5.793 30.077 .24873 3.068 3.500 7.575 19.479 .38403 1/2 3.548 4.000 9.109 14.565 .51364 4.026 4.500 10.790 11.312 .66134 1/2 4.560 5.000 12.538 9.030 .82845 5.047 5.563 14.617 7.198 1.03936 6.065 6.625 18.974 4.984 1.50088 7.981 8.625 28.554 2.878 2.598810 10.020 10.750 40.483 1.826 4.0963

40

PIPE AND WATER WEIGHT PER LINE FOOT

WEIGHT OF: WEIGHT OF:NOM.PIPE SIZE STD. PIPE WATER XS PIPE WATER

1/2 .851 .132 1.088 .1013/4 1.131 .231 1.474 .1871 1.679 .374 2.172 .3111 1/4 2.273 .648 2.997 .5551 1/2 2.718 .882 3.632 .7652 3.653 1.453 5.022 1.2782 1/2 5.794 2.073 7.662 1.8353 7.580 3.200 10.250 2.8603 1/2 9.110 4.280 12.510 3.8504 10.790 5.510 14.990 4.9805 14.620 8.660 20.780 7.8806 18.980 12.510 28.580 11.2908 28.560 21.680 43.400 19.80010 40.500 34.100 54.700 32.30012 49.600 49.000 65.400 47.00014 54.600 59.700 72.100 57.50016 62.600 79.100 82.800 76.50018 70.600 101.200 93.500 98.30020 78.600 126.000 104.100 122.80024 94.600 183.800 125.500 179.90030 118.700 291.000 157.600 286.000

WEIGHT PER FOOT OFSEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER PIPE

REGULAR EXTRA STRONGNOMINALPIPE SIZE YELLOW RED YELLOW RED

BRASS BRASS COPPER BRASS BRASS COPPER

1/2 0.91 0.93 0.96 1.19 1.23 1.253/4 1.23 1.27 1.30 1.62 1.67 1.711 1.73 1.78 1.82 2.39 2.46 2.51

1 1/4 2.56 2.63 2.69 3.29 3.39 3.461 1/2 3.04 3.13 3.20 3.99 4.10 4.19

2 4.01 4.12 4.22 5.51 5.67 5.80

41

HEAT LOSES FROM HORIZONTALBARE STEEL PIPE

(BTU per hour per linear foot at 70˚ F room temperature)

NOM. STEAMPIPE HOT WATER 5 PSIGSIZE (180˚F) (20 PSIA)

1/2 60 963/4 73 1181 90 1441 1/4 112 1791 1/2 126 2022 155 2482 1/2 185 2963 221 3553 1/2 244 4014 279 448

TOTAL THERMAL EXPANSION OF PIPINGMATERIAL IN INCHES PER 100 FT. ABOVE 32˚F

TEMPER- CARBON AND BRASSATURE CARBON MOLY CAST COPPER AND WROUGHT

˚F STEEL IRON BRONZE IRON

32 0 0 0 0 0100 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.5150 0.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 0.9200 1.2 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.3250 1.7 1.5 2.7 2.6 1.7300 2.0 1.9 3.3 3.2 2.2350 2.5 2.3 4.0 3.9 2.6400 2.9 2.7 4.7 4.6 3.1450 3.4 3.1 5.3 5.2 3.6500 3.8 3.5 6.0 5.9 4.1550 4.3 3.9 6.7 6.5 4.6600 4.8 4.4 7.4 7.2 5.2650 5.3 4.8 8.2 7.9 5.6700 5.9 5.3 9.0 8.5 6.1750 6.4 5.8 – – 6.7800 7.0 6.3 – – 7.2850 7.4 – – – –900 8.0 – – – –950 8.5 – – – –1000 9.1 – – – –

42

Carbon Steel Tubing DataSteel tubing is called out by outside diameter and wall thickness. For hydraulic

plumbing a low carbon seamless steel tubing should be used which can be bent andflared without cracking. Order “hydraulic grade” tubing.

Pressure ratings in this table are based on a tubing with tensile strength of 55,000 PSI,and were calculated by Barlow’s formula: P = 2t x S ÷ O, in which P = burst strength inPSI, t = wall thickness, S = tensile strength in PSI, and O = outside diameter. Thisformula may be used to calculate tubing sizes not listed. All dimensions in the table arein inches.

For hydraulic plumbing, a safety factor of at least 6 should be used and ratings forthis factor are shown in the table. For pressure rating at other safety factors, take burstPSI and divide by desired safety factor.

Tube Wall Tube Inside Burst Working WorkingO.D. Thick. I.D. Area PSI PSI @ 6 * PSI @ 8 **

1/8 .028 .069 .00373 24,640 4107 3080.032 .061 .00292 28,160 4693 3520.035 .055 .00237 30,800 5133 3850

3/16 .032 .1235 .01197 18,773 3130 2347.035 .1175 .01084 20,533 3422 2567

1/4 .035 .180 .02543 15,400 2567 1925.042 .166 .02163 18,480 3080 2310.049 .152 .01814 21,560 3593 2695.058 .134 .01410 25,520 4253 3190.065 .120 .01130 28,600 4767 3575

5/16 .035 .2425 .04616 12,320 2053 1540.042 .2285 .04099 14,784 2464 1848.049 .2145 .03612 17,248 2875 2156.058 .1965 .03031 20,416 3403 2552.065 .1825 .02615 22,880 3813 2860

3/8 .035 .305 .07302 10,267 1711 1283.042 .291 .06647 12,320 2053 1540.049 .277 .06023 14,373 2396 1797.058 .259 .05266 17,013 2835 2127.065 .245 .04712 19,067 3178 2383

1/2 .035 .430 .14515 7700 1283 963.042 .416 .13585 9240 1540 1155.049 .402 .12686 10,780 1797 1348.058 .384 .11575 12,760 2127 1595.065 .370 .10747 14,300 2383 1788.072 .356 .09949 15,840 2640 1980.083 .334 .08757 18,260 3043 2283

5/8 .035 .555 .24180 6160 1027 770.042 .541 .22975 7392 1232 924.049 .527 .21802 8624 1437 1078.058 .509 .20338 10,208 1701 1276.065 .495 .19234 11,440 1907 1430.072 .481 .18162 12,672 2112 1584.083 .459 .16538 14,608 2435 1826.095 .435 .14854 16,720 2787 2090

3/4 .049 .652 .33371 7187 1198 898.058 .634 .31554 8507 1418 1063.065 .620 .30175 9533 1589 1192.072 .606 .28128 10,560 1760 1320.083 .584 .26773 12,173 2029 1522.095 .560 .24618 13,933 2322 1742.109 .532 .22217 15,987 2664 1998

7/8 .049 .777 .47393 6160 1027 770.058 .759 .45222 7291 1215 911.065 .745 .43569 8171 1362 1021.072 .731 .41947 9051 1509 1131.083 .709 .39460 10,434 1739 1304.095 .685 .36834 11,943 1990 1493.109 .657 .33884 13,703 2284 1713

1 .049 .902 .63868 5390 898 674.058 .884 .61344 6380 1063 798.065 .870 .59417 7150 1192 894.072 .856 .57520 7920 1320 990.083 .834 .54601 9130 1522 1141.095 .810 .51504 10,450 1742 1306.109 .782 .48005 11,990 1998 1500.120 .760 .45342 13,200 2200 1650

*Safety factor of 6. **Safety factor of 8. Table continued on next page.

43

THIS TABLE IS CONTINUED FROM THE PRECEDING PAGE


1 1/4 .049 1.152 1.0418 4312 719 539.058 1.134 1.0095 5104 851 638.065 1.120 .98470 5720 953 715.072 1.106 .96024 6336 1056 792.083 1.084 .92242 7304 1217 913.095 1.060 .88203 8360 1393 1045.109 1.032 .83604 9592 1600 1200.120 1.010 .80078 10,560 1760 1320

1 1/2 .065 1.370 1.4734 4767 794 596.072 1.356 1.4434 5280 880 660.083 1.334 1.3970 6087 1014 761.095 1.310 1.3471 6967 1161 871.109 1.282 1.2902 7993 1332 1000.120 1.260 1.2463 8800 1467 1100

1 3/4 .065 1.620 2.0602 4086 681 511.072 1.606 2.0247 4526 754 566.083 1.584 1.9696 5217 870 652.095 1.560 1.9104 5971 995 746.109 1.532 1.8424 6851 1142 856.120 1.510 1.7899 7543 1257 943.134 1.482 1.7241 8423 1404 1053

2 .065 1.870 2.7451 3575 596 447.072 1.856 2.7041 3960 660 495.083 1.834 2.6404 4565 761 571.095 1.810 2.5717 5225 871 653.109 1.782 2.4928 5995 1000 749.120 1.760 2.4316 6600 1100 825.134 1.732 2.3549 7370 1228 921

Copper Tubing Data

Burst pressures are calculated by Barlow’s formula: P = 2t x S ÷ O, in which P isburst pressure PSI, t is tubing wall thickness, S is ultimate strength of material (32,000PSI for copper); O is outside diameter of tubing.


1/4 .030† .190 .02834 7680 1280 960.049 .152 .01814 12,544 2090 1568

5/16 .032† .249 .04848 6554 1092 819.049 .215 .03612 10,035 1673 1254

3/8 .032† .311 .07593 5461 910 683.058 .259 .05266 9889 1650 1237.072 .231 .04189 12,288 2048 1536

1/2 .032† .436 .14922 4096 683 512.049 .402 .12686 6272 1045 784.058 .384 .11575 7424 1237 928.072 .356 .09949 5376 896 672

5/8 .035† .555 .24180 3584 597 448.049 .527 .21801 5018 836 627.065 .495 .19234 6656 1109 832

3/4 .035† .680 .36298 2987 498 373.049 .652 .33371 4181 697 523.065 .620 .30175 5547 924 693

7/8 .045† .785 .48374 3291 549 411.065 .745 .43570 4754 792 594

1 .065 .870 .59417 4160 693 520

1 1/8 .050† 1.025 .82474 2844 474 356

1 1/4 .083 1.084 .92242 4250 708 531

1 3/8 .055† 1.265 1.2562 2560 427 320

*Safety factor of 6:1. **Safety factor of 8:1.

†These are standard refrigeration sizes available at all mill supply houses.

44

Stainless Steel Tubing DataStainless steel tubing is sometimes employed either to handle corrosive fluids or

higher pressures. If assembled with flare-type fittings, great care must be used not tocrack the tubing while flaring.

Pressure ratings are based on an ultimate strength of 75,000 PSI, typical of Types302, 303, 304, 309, 310, 316, 321 and 416. Types 202 and 440C have 100,000 PSI whileTypes 410 and 430 have only 60,000 PSI ultimate.

In hydraulic systems a safety factor of at least 6 should be used if there is likely to beany shock in the system. To calculate working pressure at any safety factor, take burststrength and divide by desired safety factor.

Pressure ratings were calculated by Barlow’s formula: P = 2t x S ÷ O, in which P isburst pressure in PSI, t is wall thickness, S is ultimate strength of tube material in PSI, Ois tube O.D. All dimensions are in inches.


1/8 .032 .061 .00292 38,400 6400 4800

3/16 .032 .124 .01197 25,600 4267 3200.035 .118 .01084 28,000 4667 3500

1/4 .035 .180 .02543 21,000 3500 2625.049 .152 .01814 29,400 4900 3675

5/16 .035 .243 .04616 16,800 2800 1000.049 .215 .03612 23,520 3920 2940.058 .197 .03031 27,840 4640 3480

3/8 .035 .305 .07302 14,000 2333 1750.049 .277 .06023 19,600 3267 2456.058 .259 .05266 23,200 3867 2900.065 .245 .04712 26,000 4333 3250

1/2 .035 .430 .14515 10,500 1750 1313.049 .402 .12686 14,700 2450 1842.058 .384 .11575 17,400 2900 2175.065 .370 .10747 19,500 3250 2438.072 .356 .09949 21,600 3600 2700.083 .334 .08757 24,900 4150 3113

5/8 .049 .527 .21802 11,760 1960 1470.058 .509 .20338 13,920 2320 1740.065 .495 .19234 15,600 2600 1950.072 .481 .18162 17,280 2880 2160.083 .459 .16538 19,920 3320 2490.095 .435 .14854 22,800 3800 2850

3/4 .049 .652 .33371 9800 1633 1225.058 .634 .31554 11,600 1933 1450.065 .620 .30175 13,000 2167 1625.072 .606 .28828 14,400 2400 1800.083 .584 .26773 16,600 2767 2075.095 .560 .24618 19,000 3167 2375

7/8 .049 .777 .47393 8400 1400 1050.058 .759 .45222 9943 1657 1243.065 .745 .43569 11,143 1857 1393.072 .731 .41947 12,343 2057 1543.083 .709 .39460 14,229 2371 1779.095 .685 .36834 18,153 3025 2269.109 .657 .33884 18,686 3114 2336

1 .049 .902 .63868 7350 1225 919.058 .884 .61344 8700 1450 1088.065 .870 .59417 9750 1625 1219.072 .856 .57520 10,800 1800 1350.083 .834 .54601 12,450 2075 1556.095 .810 .51504 14,250 2375 1781.109 .782 .48005 16,350 2725 2044

1 1/4 .083 1.084 .92242 9960 1660 1245.095 1.060 .88203 11,400 1900 1425.109 1.032 .83604 13,080 2180 1635.120 1.010 .80078 14,400 2400 1800

1 1/2 .095 1.310 1.3471 9500 1583 1188.109 1.282 1.2902 10,900 1817 1363.120 1.260 1.2463 12,000 2000 1500.134 1.232 1.1915 13,400 2233 1675

*Safety factor of 6:1 **Safety factor of 8:1

45

Face-to-Face and End-to-EndDimensions of Ferrous Valves

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDFACE-TO-FACE AND END-TO-END DIMENSIONS OFFERROUS VALVES ANSI B 16 10–1973

2.0 SIZE

2.1 The size of the valves in the following tablesis indicated by the corresponding “normal valvesize”. Ventun valves have a size designation usingnormal valve sizes for each end with a normal seatport for a third size in between the two end sizes.

3.0 FACE-TO-FACE DIMENSIONS FORREGULAR STANDARD FACINGS*

3.1 The face-to-face dimension for flangedvalves is the distance between the faces of theconnecting end flanges upon which the gaskets areactually compressed. This is sometimes called“contact surface-to-contact surface dimension”.

Dimensions for angle valves are center-to-face which is the distance between the centerlineof the port to the face of the connecting end flangeupon which the gasket is actually compressed.This is sometimes called “center-to-contact surfacedimension”.

3.2 Flanges for cast-iron Class 125 valves areplain flat faced.

The flanges of cast-iron Class 250 and steelClass 150 and 300 valves have 1/16 in. raisedfaces, which are included in the face-to-facedimensions. When Class 150 and 300 valves arerequired with plain faces, either the full thicknessof flange or the thickness with 1/16 in. raised faceremoved may be furnished unless otherwisespecified by the customer. Users are reminded thatremoving the 1/16 in. raised faces will make theface-to-face dimensions nonstandard.

The flanges of cast-iron Class 800 hydraulicand steel Class 400 and higher pressure valveshave 1/4 in. raised faces which are included in theface-to-face dimensions.

4.0 END-TO-END DIMENSIONS**

4.1 The end-to-end dimension for buttweldingend steel valves is the distance between the rootfaces of the welding lips.

4.2 The end-to-end dimensions of bolted bonnetwelding end steel valves, except Class 150 gatevalves, Class 300 plug valves, Class 400 and 600round port full bore plug valves, and controlvalves are the same as the face-to-face dimensionsgiven for flanged end raised face steel valves.Pressure seal or flangeless bonnet welding endvalves may be made to these dimensions or haveshorter end-to-end dimensions as given in Tables4, 5, 6, and 7 at manufacturer’s option.

5.0 APPLYING OTHER STANDARD ORSPECIAL FACINGS*

5.1 The basic flange-edge to flange-edgedimension is the distance between the surfacesfrom which the basic flange thickness isdetermined.

5.2 Ring Joints. The “X” dimensions given inTable 8 include the depth of grooves which areadded to the basic flange-edge to flange-edgedimensions to establish the face-to-facedimension. For approximate distances betweenflanges with ring joints when rings arecompressed, see dimension “S”, Table 8. Forcalculating the “laying length” of valves with ringjoints, the “S” dimension given in Table 8 must beadded.

5.3 When it is desired to provide for a specialfacing on a flanged valve, the basic flange-edge toflange-edge dimensions must be determined andfacing height or depth added to it to establish thenew face-to-face.

When a special facing is applied to a valvehaving a plain face, or a 1/16 in. raised face, nodeductions are made from the dimensions in thetables. The additions for the special facing areapplied directly to the table dimensions. 1/16 in.raised faces are cut from the basic flange thicknessand, therefore, face-to-face and basic flange-edgeto flange-edge is the same dimension.

When a special facing is applied to a valvehaving 1/4 in. raised face, the height of the tworaised faces (1/2 in.) must be deducted from thedimensions given in the tables. The additions forthe special facing are added to this dimension(basic flange-edge to flange-edge), to determinethe new face-to-face dimension.

6.0 TOLERANCE

6.1 A plus or minus tolerance of 1/16 in. shall beallowed on all face-to-face and end-to-enddimensions of valves 10 in. and smaller and a plusor minus tolerance of 1/8 in. for sizes 12 in. andlarger.

6.2 The tolerances on center-to-face dimensionsof angle valves are one-half (1/2) of those listed inPar. 6.1.

____________*See Fig 1.

**See Fig 2.

46

ADDED THICKNESS TO BE SUCH THAT SPECIAL FACING WILL NOT CUT INTO THE MINIMUM FLANGE THICKNESS

SPECIAL FACINGS (SEE PARAGRAPH 5)

FACE-TO-FACE* DIMENSION

TABLE 3 COLUMN 2

BASIC FLANGE-EDGE TO FLANGE-EDGE

BASIC FLANGE-EDGE TO FLANGE-EDGE

33"

32 1/2"

33 1/4"

(SEE PARAGRAPH 5)

NEW FACE-TO-FACE

FIG. 1 – (Concluded)

FIG. 2 – Welding Ends and Their Application

END-TO-END DIMENSIONEND-TO-END DIMENSION

ROOT FACEROOT FACE

(a) Plain Bevel (b) Compound Bevel

1/4" REGULAR STANDARD FACING

1/4" REGULAR STANDARD FACING

3/8" FOR LENS RECESS

3/8" FOR LENS RECESS

* Example of Special Facing

A 10” Class 900 steel gate valve is desired with a recessed bevel 3/8”deep to accommodate a lens gasket.

From Table 5 Column 2 is found the face-to-face dimension of 33” for a10” Class 900 gate valve having regular stock facing of 1/4” raised face.

In accordance with Paragraph 5, the 1/4” is deducted from both flanges,resulting in a basic flange-edge to flange-edge dimension of 32 1/2”.

The 3/8” deep recessed bevel is added for each flange to the basic flange-edge to flange-edge dimension resulting in a new face-to-face dimension of33 1/4”.

47

TABLE 11 CLASSES 150 TO2500 STEEL VALVES HAVING

END FLANGES WITHRING JOINT FACINGS,

END-TO-END DIMENSIONS

Nom. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14ValveSize Class 150 Class 300 Class 400 Class 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500NPS. X S X S X S X S X S X S X S

1/2 – – 0.44 0.12 –0.06 (3) 0.12 –0.06 (3) 0.12 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.163/4 – – 0.50 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16

1 0.50 0.16 0.50 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.161 1/4 0.50 0.16 0.50 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0.12 0.121 1/2 0.50 0.16 0.50 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0 0.16 0.12 0.12

2 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.122 1/2 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.25 0.123 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.25 0.124 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.38 0.165 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.50 0.16

6 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.25 0.12 0.50 0.168 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.38 0.16 0.62 0.19

10 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.38 0.16 0.88 0.2512 0.50 0.16 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.62 0.19 0.88 0.3114 0.50 0.12 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.38 0.16 0.75 0.22 – –

16 0.50 0.12 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.38 0.16 0.88 0.31 – –18 0.50 0.12 0.62 0.22 0.12 0.22 0.12 0.19 0.50 0.19 0.88 0.31 – –20 0.50 0.12 0.75 0.22 0.25 0.22 0.25 0.19 0.50 0.19 0.88 0.38 – –22 0.50 (1) 0.12 (2) 0.88 (1) 0.25 0.38 (1) 0.25 0.38 (1) 0.22 – – – – – –24 0.50 0.12 0.88 0.25 0.38 0.25 0.38 0.22 0.75 0.22 1.12 0.44 – –

Note:RF Face to Face Dimension + X = RTJ Flanged Face to Face Dimension90 Deg Pattern Valve Add 1/2 Value of X + Face to Face = RTJ Face to Face

48

TABLE 1 CLASS 125 CAST IRON FLANGED AND CLASS 150 STEEL FLANGED ANDBUTTWELDING END VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE AND END-TO-END DIMENSIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Class 125 Cast Iron Class 150 Steel

Flanged End (0.06 in. Raised Face)Flanged End (Flat Face) and Welding End

Plug Gate PlugGlobe,

Gate, Lift SolidSolid Check, Solid Wedge,

Wedge, Regular Round and Angle Wedge, DoubleNom. and and Port, Swing and and Disc,Valve Double Short Venturi Full Check, Lift Double and ShortSize, Disc, Pattern Pattern Bore (1) Check, Disc, Conduit Conduit PatternNPS A A A A A D A A B A

1/4 – – – – – – 4.00 – 4.00 –3/8 – – – – – – 4.00 – 4.00 –1/2 – – – – – – 4.25 – 4.25 –3/4 – – – – – – 4.62 – 4.62 –

1 – 5.50 5.50 (3) 5.50 – – 5.00 – 5.00 5.50

1 1/4 – – 6.50 (3) 6.00 – – 5.50 – 5.50 –1 1/2 – 6.50 6.50 (3) 6.50 – – 6.50 – 6.50 6.502 7.00 7.00 7.50 (3) 7.50 8.00 4.00 7.00 7.00 8.50 7.002 1/2 7.50 7.50 8.25 (3) 8.25 8.50 4.25 7.50 7.50 9.50 7.503 8.00 8.00 9.00 (3) 9.00 9.50 4.75 8.00 8.00 11.12 8.00

4 9.00 9.00 9.00 (3) 12.00 11.50 5.75 9.00 9.00 12.00 9.005 10.00 10.00 14.00 (3) 15.00 13.00 6.50 10.00 – 15.00 10.006 10.50 10.50 15.50 18.00 14.00 7.00 10.50 10.50 15.88 10.508 11.50 11.50 18.00 22.00 19.50 9.75 11.50 11.50 16.50 11.50

10 13.00 13.00 21.00 26.00 24.50 12.25 13.00 13.00 18.00 13.00

12 14.00 14.00 24.00 30.00 27.50 13.75 14.00 14.00 19.75 14.0014 15.00 (2) – 27.00 – 31.00 15.50 15.00 15.00 22.50 –16 16.00 (2) – 30.00 – 36.00 (5) 18.00 16.00 16.00 24.00 –18 17.00 (2) – 34.00 – – – 17.00 17.00 26.00 –20 18.00 (2) – 36.00 – – – 18.00 18.00 28.00 –

22 – – – – – – – 20.00 30.00 –24 20.00 (2) – 42.00 (4) – – – 20.00 20.00 32.00 –26 – – – – – – 22.00 22.00 34.00 (6) –28 – – – – – – 24.00 24.00 36.00 (6) –30 – – 51.00 (4) – – – 24.00 26.00 36.00 (6) –

32 – – – – – – – 28.00 38.00 (6) –34 – – – – – – – 30.00 40.00 (6) 40.0036 – – 63.00 (4) – – – 28.00 32.00 40.00 (6) –

49


11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21Class 150 Steel

Flanged End (0.06 in. Raised Face)and Welding End Flanged End Welding End

Plug BallGlobe,

LiftCheck,

Short Round and Angle Y-GlobeNom. and Port, Swing and andValve Regular Regular Venturi Full Check Lift Y-Swing Long Short Long ShortSize, Pattern Pattern Pattern Bore (1) Check, Check, Pattern Pattern Pattern PatternNPS A B A A A and B D and E A and B A A B B

1/4 – – – – 4.00 2.00 – – – – –3/8 – – – – 4.00 2.00 – – – – –1/2 – – – – 4.25 2.25 5.50 4.25 4.25 – 5.503/4 – – – – 4.62 2.50 6.00 4.62 4.62 – 6.00

1 – – – 7.00 5.00 2.75 6.50 5.00 5.00 – 6.50

1 1/4 – – – – 5.50 3.00 7.25 5.50 5.50 – 7.001 1/2 – – – 8.75 6.50 3.25 8.00 6.50 6.50 7.50 7.502 – 10.50 7.00 10.50 8.00 4.00 9.00 7.00 7.00 8.50 8.502 1/2 – 12.00 – 11.75 8.50 4.25 11.00 7.50 7.50 9.50 9.503 – 13.00 8.00 13.50 9.50 4.75 12.50 8.00 8.00 11.12 11.12

4 12.00 14.00 9.00 17.00 11.50 5.75 14.50 9.00 9.00 12.00 12.005 15.00 15.00 – – 14.00 (7) 7.00 – – – – –6 15.50 18.00 15.50 – 16.00 (7) 8.00 18.50 15.50 10.50 18.00 15.888 18.00 20.50 18.00 – 19.50 9.75 23.50 18.00 11.50 20.50 16.50

10 21.00 22.00 21.00 – 24.50 12.25 26.00 21.00 13.00 22.00 18.00

12 24.00 25.00 24.00 – 27.50 13.75 30.50 24.00 14.00 25.00 19.7514 27.00 – 27.00 – 31.00 15.50 – 27.00 15.00 30.00 22.5016 30.00 – 30.00 – 36.00 (8) 18.00 – 30.00 16.00 33.00 24.0018 34.00 – 34.00 – 38.50 (9) – – 34.00 – 36.00 26.0020 36.00 – 36.00 – 38.50 (9) – – 36.00 – 39.00 28.00

22 – – – – 42.00 (9) – – – – 43.00 –24 42.00 – 42.00 – 51.00 (9) – – 42.00 – 45.00 32.0026 – – – – 51.00 (9) – – – – 49.00 –28 – – – – 57.00 (9) – – – – 53.00 –30 – – – – 60.00 (9) – – – – 55.00 –

32 – – – – – – – – – 60.00 –34 – – – – – – – – – 64.00 –36 – – – – 77.00 (9) – – – – 68.00 –

50


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Class 250 Cast Iron Class 300 Steel

Flanged End (0.06 in. Raised Face) Flanged and Welding EndPlug Ball

Gate, Globe,Solid Lift

Wedge, Check, AngleNom. and and andValve Double Short Regular Venturi Swing Lift Long Short LongSize, Disc, Pattern Pattern Pattern Check, Check, Pattern Pattern PatternNPS A A A A A D A A and B A

1/2 – – – – – – 5.50 5.50 –3/4 – – – – – – 6.00 6.00 –

1 – – 6.25 – – – 6.50 6.50 –1 1/4 – – – – – – 7.00 7.00 –1 1/2 – – 7.50 – – – 7.50 7.50 7.50

2 8.50 7.25 8.50 – 10.50 5.25 8.50 8.50 8.502 1/2 9.50 8.00 9.50 – 11.50 5.75 9.50 9.50 9.503 11.12 9.25 11.12 – 12.50 6.25 11.12 11.12 11.124 12.00 10.50 12.00 – 14.00 7.00 12.00 12.00 12.005 15.00 – 15.25 – 15.75 7.88 – – –

6 15.88 14.88 16.75 15.88 17.50 8.75 15.88 15.88 18.008 16.50 – 19.75 16.50 21.00 10.50 19.75 16.50 20.50

10 18.00 22.38 23.50 18.00 24.50 12.25 22.38 18.00 22.0012 19.75 25.50 28.00 19.75 28.00 14.00 25.50 19.75 25.0014 22.50 – – 30.00 – – 30.00 22.50 30.00

16 24.00 – – 33.00 – – 33.00 24.00 33.0018 26.00 – – 36.00 – – 36.00 26.00 36.0020 28.00 – – 39.00 – – 39.00 28.00 39.0022 – – – 44.00 – – 43.00 – 43.0024 31.00 – – 45.00 – – 45.00 32.00 45.00

26 – – – – – – 49.00 – 49.0028 – – – – – – 53.00 – 53.0030 – – – – – – 55.00 – 55.0032 – – – – – – 60.00 – 60.0034 – – – – – – 64.00 – 64.0036 – – – – – – 68.00 – 68.00

51


10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17Class 300 Steel

Flanged End (0.06 in. Raised Face) and Welding EndGate, PlugSolid

Wedge,Double Short Short Round Globe, Angle

Nom. Disc, and and Port, and andValve and Venturi Venturi Regular Full Lift Lift SwingSize, Conduit, Pattern Pattern Pattern Bore Check, Check, Check,NPS A and B A A A A and B A and B D and E A and B

1/2 5.50 (1) – – – – 6.00 3.00 –3/4 6.00 (1) – – – – 7.00 3.50 –

1 6.50 (1) 6.25 (2) – – 7.50 8.00 4.00 8.501 1/4 7.00 (1) – – – – 8.50 4.25 9.001 1/2 7.50 7.50 (2) – – 9.50 9.00 4.50 9.50

2 8.50 8.50 10.50 (2) – 11.12 10.50 5.25 10.502 1/2 9.50 9.50 12.00 (2) – 13.00 11.50 5.75 11.503 11.12 11.12 13.00 (2) – 15.25 12.50 6.25 12.504 12.00 12.00 14.00 (2) – 18.00 14.00 7.00 14.005 15.00 – – – – 15.75 7.88 15.75

6 15.88 15.88 18.00 15.88 22.00 17.50 8.75 17.508 16.50 16.50 20.50 19.75 27.00 22.00 11.00 21.00

10 18.00 18.00 22.00 22.38 32.50 24.50 12.25 24.5012 19.75 19.75 25.00 28.00 38.00 28.00 14.00 28.0014 30.00 30.00 (3) 30.00 (3) 30.00 – – – 33.00

16 33.00 33.00 (3) 33.00 (3) 33.00 – – – 34.0018 36.00 36.00 (3) 36.00 (3) 36.00 – – – 38.5020 39.00 39.00 (3) 39.00 (3) 39.00 – – – 40.0022 43.00 43.00 (3) 43.00 (3) 43.00 – – – 44.0024 45.00 45.00 (3) 45.00 (3) 45.00 – – – 53.00

26 49.00 49.00 (3) 49.00 (3) 49.00 – – – 53.0028 53.00 53.00 (3) 53.00 (3) 53.00 – – – 59.0030 55.00 55.00 (3) 55.00 (3) 55.00 – – – 62.7532 60.00 60.00 (3) 60.00 (3) 60.00 – – – –34 64.00 64.00 (3) 64.00 (3) 64.00 – – – –36 68.00 68.00 (3) 68.00 (3) 68.00 – – – 82.00

52

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Class 800 Cast Iron Class 600 Steel

Flanged End Flanged End (0.25 in. Raised Face) and Welding End

(0.25 in. Raised Face) Ball Gate Plug Globe,

Solid Globe, Lift Check, AngleGate, Wedge, Lift Check, and Angle andSolid Double and Swing and Lift

Wedge Disc, and Regular Round Round Swing Check, Lift Check,Nom. and Conduit, Short and Bore, Bore, Check, Short Check, ShortValve Double Swing Long Long Pattern Venturi Full Full Long Pattern Long PatternSize, Disc Plug Check Pattern Pattern (1) Pattern Port Port Pattern (1) Pattern (1)NPS A A A A and B A and B B A and B A B A and B B D and E E

1/2 – – – 6.50 6.50 (2) – – – – 6.50 – 3.25 –3/4 – – – 7.50 7.50 (2) – – – – 7.50 – 3.75 –

1 – – – 8.50 8.50 5.25 8.50 (4) 10.00 – 8.50 5.25 4.25 –1 1/4 – – – 9.00 9.00 5.75 9.00 (4) – – 9.00 5.75 4.50 –1 1/2 – – – 9.50 9.50 6.00 9.50 12.50 – 9.50 6.00 4.75 –

2 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 11.50 7.00 11.50 13.00 – 11.50 7.00 5.75 4.252 1/2 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 13.00 8.50 13.00 15.00 – 13.00 8.50 6.50 5.003 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00 10.00 14.00 17.50 – 14.00 10.00 7.00 6.004 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00 12.00 17.00 20.00 22.00 17.00 12.00 8.50 7.005 – – – – 20.00 15.00 – – – 20.00 15.00 10.00 8.50

TABLE 4 CLASS 800 CAST IRON FLANGEDAND CLASS 600 STEEL FLANGED

AND BUTTWELDING END VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE AND

END-TO-END DIMENSIONS

53

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Class 800 Cast Iron Class 600 Steel

Flanged End Flanged End (0.25 in. Raised Face) and Welding End

(0.25 in. Raised Face) Ball Gate Plug Globe,

Solid Globe, Lift Check, AngleGate, Wedge, Lift Check, and Angle andSolid Double and Swing and Lift

Wedge Disc, and Regular Round Round Swing Check, Lift Check,Nom. and Conduit, Short and Bore, Bore, Check, Short Check, ShortValve Double Swing Long Long Pattern Venturi Full Full Long Pattern Long PatternSize, Disc Plug Check Pattern Pattern (1) Pattern Port Port Pattern (1) Pattern (1)NPS A A A A and B A and B B A and B A B A and B B D and E E

6 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 18.00 22.00 26.00 28.00 22.00 18.00 11.00 10.008 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00 23.00 26.00 31.25 33.25 26.00 23.00 13.00 –

10 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.00 31.00 28.00 31.00 37.00 40.00 31.00 28.00 15.50 –12 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 33.00 32.00 33.00 42.00 42.00 33.00 32.00 16.50 –14 – – – 35.00 35.00 35.00 35.00 – – 35.00 (6) – – –

16 – – – 39.00 39.00 39.00 39.00 – – 39.00 (6)18 – – – 43.00 43.00 43.00 43.00 (5) – – 43.00 (6)20 – – – 47.00 47.00 47.00 47.00 (5) – – 47.00 (6)22 – – – 51.00 51.00 – 51.00 (5) – – 51.00 (6)24 – – – 55.00 55.00 55.00 55.00 (2) – – 55.00 (6)

26 – – – 57.00 57.00 – 57.00 (5) – – 57.00 (6)28 – – – 61.00 61.00 – – – – 63.00 (6)30 – – – 65.00 65.00 – 65.00 (5) – – 65.00 (6)32 – – – 70.00 70.00 (3) – 70.00 (5) – – –34 – – – 76.00 76.00 (3) – 76.00 (5) – – –36 – – – 82.00 82.00 (3) – 82.00 (5) – – 82.00 (6)

TABLE 4 CLASS 800 CAST IRON FLANGED AND CLASS 600 STEEL FLANGEDAND BUTTWELDING END VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE AND END-TO-END DIMENSIONS

GENERAL NOTES:(a) Dimensions are in inches(b) See Table 10 for adjustments to tabulated

dimensions which may be required for certain flange fittings.

NOTES:(1) These dimensions apply to pressure seal or

flangeless bonnet valves. They may beapplied at the manufacturer’s option tovalves with flanged bonnets.

(2) Solid wedge only(3) Double disc and conduit only.(4) Regular pattern only.(5) Venturi pattern only.(6) Swing check only.

54

TABLE 5 CLASS 900 STEEL FLANGED AND BUTTWELDING END VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE AND END-TO-END DIMENSIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Class 900 Steel Valves

Flanged End (0.25 in. Raised Face) and Welding EndGate Plug Globe, Ball

Solid Globe, LiftWedge, Lift Check, AngleDouble Check, and Angle andDisc, and Swing and Liftand Regular Round Swing Check, Lift Check,

Nom. Conduit, Short and Port, Check, Short Check, ShortValve Long Pattern Venturi Full Long Pattern Long Pattern LongSize, Pattern (1) Pattern Bore Pattern (1) Pattern (1) PatternNPS A and B B A and B A A and B B D and E E Aand B

3/4 (2) – – – – 9.00 – 4.50 – –1 (2) 10.00 (3) 5.50 10.00 (4) – 10.00 – 5.00 – 10.001 1/4 (2) 11.00 (3) 6.50 11.00 (4) – 11.00 – 5.50 – 11.001 1/2 (2) 12.00 (3) 7.00 12.00 (4) 14.00 12.00 – 6.00 – 12.002 (2) 14.50 8.50 14.50 (4) 15.00 14.50 – 7.25 – 14.50

2 1/2 (2) 16.50 10.00 16.50 (4) 17.00 16.50 10.00 8.25 – 16.503 15.00 12.00 15.00 (4) 18.50 15.00 12.00 7.50 6.00 15.004 18.00 14.00 18.00 (5) 22.00 18.00 14.00 9.00 7.00 18.005 22.00 17.00 – – 22.00 17.00 11.00 8.50 –6 24.00 20.00 24.00 29.00 24.00 20.00 12.00 10.00 24.00

8 29.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 29.00 26.00 14.50 13.00 29.0010 33.00 31.00 33.00 38.00 33.00 31.00 16.50 15.50 33.0012 38.00 36.00 38.00 44.00 38.00 36.00 19.00 18.00 38.0014 40.50 39.00 – – 40.50 39.00 20.25 19.50 40.5016 44.50 43.00 44.50 (5) – 44.50 (6) 43.00 26.00 – 44.50

18 48.00 – – – 48.00 (6) – 29.00 – 48.0020 52.00 – 52.00 (5) – 52.00 (6) – 32.50 – 52.0022 – – – – – – – – –24 60.00 – – – 61.00 (6) – 39.00 – 61.00

55


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Class 1500 Steel

Flanged End (0.25 in. Raised Face) and Welding EndGate Plug Globe, Ball

Globe, Lift Check,Solid Lift Check, and Angle

Wedge, and Swing andDouble Regular Round Swing Check, Lift

Nom. Disc Short and Port, Check, Short Check,Valve and Pattern Venturi Full Long Pattern Long LongSize, Conduit (1) Pattern Bore Pattern (1) Pattern PatternNPS A and B B A and B A A and B B D and E A and B

1/2 – – – – 8.50 (5) – 4.25 –3/4 – – – – 9.00 – 4.50 –

1 10.00 (2) 5.50 10.00 (3) – 10.00 – 5.00 –1 1/4 11.00 (2) 6.50 11.00 (3) – 11.00 – 5.50 –1 1/2 12.00 (2) 7..00 12.00 (3) – 12.00 – 6.00 –

2 14.50 8.50 14.50 (3) 15.38 14.50 8.50 7.25 14.502 1/2 16.50 10.00 16.50 (3) 17.88 16.50 10.00 8.25 16.503 18.50 12.00 18.50 (3) 20.62 18.50 12.00 9.25 18.504 21.50 16.00 21.50 (3) 24.62 21.50 16.00 10.75 21.505 26.50 19.00 – – 26.50 19.00 13.25 –

6 27.75 22.00 27.75 31.00 27.75 22.00 13.88 27.758 32.75 28.00 32.75 35.00 32.75 28.00 16.38 32.75

10 39.00 34.00 39.00 42.00 39.00 34.00 19.50 39.0012 44.50 39.00 44.50 48.00 44.50 39.00 22.25 44.5014 49.50 42.00 – – 49.50 42.00 24.75 49.50

16 54.50 47.00 54.50 (4) – 54.50 (6) 47.00 – 54.5018 60.50 53.00 – – 60.50 (6) – – –20 65.50 58.00 – – 65.50 (6) – – –22 – – – – – – – –24 76.50 – – – 76.50 (6) – – –

56


1 2 3 4 5 6 7Class 2500 Steel

Flanged End (0.25 in. Raised Face) and Welding EndGate Globe, Ball

Globe, Lift Check,Solid Lift Check, and Angle

Wedge, and Swing andand Double Swing Check, Lift

Nominal Disc, Short Plug, Check, Short Check,Valve Long Pattern Regular Long Pattern Long LongSize, Pattern (1) Pattern Pattern (1) Pattern PatternNPS A and B B A and B A and B B D and E A and B

1/2 10.38 (2) – – 10.38 – 5.19 –3/4 10.75 (2) – – 10.75 – 5.38 –

1 12.12 (2) 7.31 12.12 12.12 – 6.06 –1 1/4 13.75 (2) 9.12 – 13.75 – 6.88 –1 1/2 15.12 (2) 9.12 15.12 15.12 – 7.56 –2 17.75 11.00 17.75 17.75 11.00 8.88 17.75

2 1/2 20.00 13.00 20.00 20.00 13.00 10.00 20.003 22.75 14.50 22.75 22.75 14.50 11.38 22.754 26.50 18.00 26.50 26.50 18.00 13.25 26.505 31.25 21.00 31.25 31.25 21.00 15.62 –6 36.00 24.00 36.00 36.00 24.00 18.00 36.008 40.25 30.00 40.25 40.25 30.00 20.12 40.25

10 50.00 36.00 50.00 50.00 36.00 25.00 50.0012 56.00 41.00 56.00 56.00 41.00 28.00 56.0014 – 44.00 – – – – –16 – 49.00 – – – – –18 – 55.00 – – – – –

GENERALNOTES:(a) Dimensions are in inches.(b) See Table 10 for adjustments to tabulated dimensions which may be required for certain

flange facings.

NOTES:(1) These dimensions apply to pressure seal or flangeless bonnet valves. They may be

applied at the manufacturer’s option to valves with flanged bonnets.(2) Solid wedge only.

57

TABLE 8 CLASSES 125 AND 250 CAST IRON AND CLASSES 150 TO 2500 STEEL WAFER TYPE VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE DIMENSIONS

2 1.88 2.12 2.12 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.38 2.75 2.75 2.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.752 1/2 – 2.38 2.38 2.62 2.62 2.62 2.62 3.25 3.25 3.25 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.753 2.00 2.62 2.62 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.88 3.25 3.25 3.38 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.884 2.00 2.62 2.62 2.88 2.88 3.12 3.12 4.00 4.00 4.12 0.75 0.75 0.88 0.88 0.88 1.255 2.25 3.25 3.25 – – – – – – – – – – – – –6 2.25 3.75 3.75 3.88 3.88 5.38 5.38 6.25 6.25 6.25 0.75 0.88 1.00 1.12 1.38 1.75

8 2.75 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.50 6.50 8.12 8.12 8.12 1.12 1.12 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.2510 2.75 5.50 5.50 5.75 5.75 8.38 8.38 9.50 9.75 10.00 1.12 1.50 2.00 2.25 2.25 2.8812 3.00 7.12 7.12 7.12 7.12 9.00 9.00 11.50 12.00 12.00 1.50 2.00 2.25 2.38 – –14 3.00 7.25 8.75 7.25 8.75 10.75 10.75 14.00 14.00 – 1.75 2.00 2.50 2.62 – –16 3.50 7.50 9.12 7.50 9.12 12.00 12.00 15.12 15.12 – 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.88 – –18 3.50 8.00 10.38 8.00 10.38 14.25 14.25 17.75 18.44 – 2.38 3.00 3.25 3.25 – –

20 4.50 8.38 11.50 8.62 11.50 14.50 14.50 17.75 21.00 – 2.50 3.25 3.50 3.62 – –24 4.50 8.75 12.50 8.75 12.50 15.50 17.25 19.50 22.00 – – – – – – –30 – 12.00 14.50 12.00 14.50 18.12 19.88 – – – – – – – – –36 – 14.50 19.00 14.50 19.00 25.00 25.00 – – – – – – – – –42 – 17.00 22.38 17.00 22.38 27.62 27.62 – – – – – – – – –48 – 20.62 24.75 20.62 24.75 – – – – – – – – – – –

Class 150 300 400 600 900 1500 2500 150 300 400 600 900 1500125 250 Long Pattern (4) Short Pattern (5)

Cast Iron (2)

Swing Check,Single and Dual

Plate, InstallationBetween Standard

ANSI Flanges

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Steel (1)

BonnetlessKnife Gate,Class 150

FlangeMating

Dimensions

Norm.ValveSize,NPS

Steel

Swing Check,Single and Dual Plate,

Installation Between Standard ANSI Flanges (3)

Class Class

GENERAL NOTES:(a) Dimensions are in inches.(b) The tolerances of para. 5.1 apply to face-to-face

dimensions for sizes NPS 24 and smaller. For sizesNPS 30 and larger, the tolerance shall be ±0.25 in.

NOTES:(1) These data for knife gate valves are extracted from TAPPI T1S 405-B and MSS

SP-81.(2) These data for cast iron swing check valves are extracted from API 594.(3) Valves of sizes NPS 30 and larger in Classes 150, 300, 400, and 600 shall have

body outside diameters and gasket surface dimentions compatible with flange

standards specified in the purchase order, e.g., API 605 or MSS SP-44.(4) These data for long pattern steel swing check valves in sizes NPS 24 and smaller

are extracted from API 6D and API 594. Data for larger sizes are extracted fromAPI 594.

(5) These data for short pattern steel swing check valves are extracted from API 6D.

58

TABLE 10 DETERMINATION OF FACE-TO-FACE AND END-TO-END DIMENSIONSOF FLANGED VALVES HAVING VARIOUS FLANGE FACINGS

Face-to-Face (1 – 3) End-to-End (1 – 3)Large or Small Large or Small

0.06 in. 0.25 in. RingFlat Raised Raised Male Tongue Type Female Groove

Material Class Face Face Face Face Face Joint Face Face

Cast iron 125 (4) – – – – – – –

250 – (4) – – – – – –

800 – – (4) (6), (7) – – –0.12 (7) –

Steel 150 (5) (4) – +0.50 +0.50 (8) +0.38 +0.38

300 (5) (4) – +0.50 +0.50 (8) +0.38 +0.38

400 to – – (4) (6) (6) (8) –0.12 –0.12

2500

NOTES:(1) Dimensions are in inches.

(2) To determine the face-to-face or end-to-end dimensions of valves having both flanges astabulated in this table, adjust the face-to-face (not the buttweld end-to-end) dimensionsshown for the valve type (gate, globe, etc), material, class, and size in Tables 1 to 7 bythe amount shown.

(3) For center-to-face or center-to-end dimensions of angle type valves, use one-half thenumerical adjustment shown herein.

(4) These face-to-face dimensions are listed in Tables 1 to 7. (See table of desired class.)

(5) For Class 150 and for Class 300 steel valves having flat faces, either the full thickness ofthe flange or the thickness with the 0.06 in. raised face removed may be supplied unlessotherwise specified. For full thickness of flange, the face-to-face dimensions listed for0.06 in. raised face apply. Users are reminded that removing the 0.06 in. raised faces willmake the face-to-face dimensions nonstandard.

(6) These face-to-face dimensions are those listed for 0.25 in. raised face in Tables 3 to 7.

(7) When used for Class 800 cast iron, applies to large face only.

(8) The X dimensions given in Table 11 added to the appropriate raised face flange face-to-face dimensions of Tables 1 to 7 establish the end-to-end dimensions of steel valveshaving flanges with ring joint facings.

59

VALVE ANSI WORKING A (in) B CSIZE CLASS PRESSURE* RF RTJ (in) (in)

150 290 PSI 8 8 1/2 7 3/16 6300 750 10 1/2 11 1/8 7 3/16 6 1/2

2" 600 1500 11 1/2 11 5/8 9 1/4 6 1/2900 2250 14 1/2 14 5/8 10 1/2 8 1/21500 3750 14 1/2 14 5/8 10 1/8 8 1/22500 6250 17 3/4 17 7/8 10 1/2 9 1/4

150 290 9 1/2 10 10 1/4 7 1/2300 750 12 1/2 13 1/8 10 15/16 9

3" 600 1500 14 14 1/8 11 3/8 8 1/4900 2250 15 15 1/8 11 3/4 9 1/21500 3750 18 1/2 18 5/8 15 5/8 10 1/22500 6250 22 3/4 23 13 7/8 12

150 290 11 1/2 12 11 15/16 9300 750 14 14 5/8 12 3/4 10

4" 600 1500 17 17 1/8 13 5/8 10 3/4900 2250 18 18 1/8 13 7/8 11 1/21500 3750 21 1/2 21 5/8 16 3/8 12 1/42500 6250 26 1/2 26 7/8 19 5/8 14

150 290 14 14 1/2 13 11/16 11300 750 17 1/2 18 1/8 15 1/4 12 1/2

6" 600 1500 22 22 1/8 17 1/4 14900 2250 24 24 1/8 18 3/4 151500 3750 27 3/4 28 20 5/8 15 1/22500 6250 36 36 1/2 25 1/4 19

150 290 19 1/2 20 17 1/8 13 3/48" 300 750 21 21 5/8 18 5/8 15

600 1500 26 26 1/8 20 1/2 16 1/2900 2250 29 29 1/8 23 1/2 18 1/2

150 290 24 1/2 25 20 5/8 16 3/410" 300 750 24 1/2 25 1/8 22 9/16 17 1/2

600 1500 31 31 1/8 24 7/8 20900 2250 33 33 1/8 27 21 1/2

150 290 27 1/2 28 25 1912" 300 750 28 28 5/8 26 3/8 20 1/2

600 1500 33 33 1/8 28 22900 2250 38 38 1/8 29 7/8 24

API-6D OPERATIONAL & DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

* Pressure ratings as per ANSI B 16.34-1988 for group 1.2 materials for -20 to 100 degrees F (-29 to 38degrees C).

* ANSI pressure ratings exceed API-6D ratings.

NOTE:* For RTJ flanges, use 4 as the third digit of the middle set of numbers in the order number.* For removable seat, use 1 as the last digit of the first set of numbers in the order number.* Valves also available in sizes up to 48"

inclusive. Contact the factory fordimensions.

* Dimensions are for estimating purposesonly. For critical applications, pleasecontact the factory for certified drawings.

60

TABLE 9 CLASSES 25 and 125 CAST IRON AND CLASSES 150 TO 600 STEELBUTTERFLY VALVES, FACE-TO-FACE DIMENSIONS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Nom.ValveSize, Class Class Class ClassNPS Narrow Wide Narrow Wide Extra Wide 150 150 300 600

1 1/2 – – 1.31 1.44 1.50 3.38 – – –2 – – 1.69 1.75 1.81 3.19 – – –2 1/2 – – 1.81 1.94 2.00 3.81 – – –3 5.00 5.00 1.81 1.94 2.00 3.81 1.88 1.88 2.124 5.00 7.00 2.06 2.19 2.25 4.56 2.12 2.12 2.505 5.00 7.50 2.19 2.50 2.56 5.81 – – –

6 5.00 8.00 2.19 2.75 2.81 5.81 2.25 2.31 3.068 6.00 8.50 2.38 2.81 2.94 5.25 2.50 2.88 4.00

10 8.00 15.00 2.69 3.00 3.12 6.25 2.81 3.25 4.6212 8.00 15.00 3.06 3.25 3.38 6.50 3.19 3.62 5.5014 8.00 16.00 3.06 3.62 3.75 7.00 3.62 4.62 6.1216 8.00 16.00 3.12 4.00 4.12 7.00 4.00 5.25 7.00

18 8.00 16.00 4.00 4.50 4.62 8.00 4.50 5.88 7.8820 8.00 18.00 4.38 5.00 5.12 8.50 5.00 6.25 8.5024 8.00 18.00 – 6.06 6.19 10.00 6.06 7.12 9.1330 12.00 22.00 – 6.50 – – – – –36 12.00 22.00 – 7.88 – – – – –42 12.00 24.00 – 9.88 – – – – –

48 15.00 26.00 – 10.88 – – – – –54 15.00 28.00 – – – – – – –60 15.00 30.00 – – – – – – –66 18.00 34.00 – – – – – – –72 18.00 36.00 – – – – – – –

Cast Iron and Class 150 Steel (2) (3) (4)

Flanged End Lug and Wafer Style (1)

SteelGrooved

End (2) (4)Steel Offset Seat

Lug and Wafer Style (5) (6)

GENERAL NOTE: Dimensions are in inches.

NOTES:(1) The installed face-to-face dimension is the dimension of the valve face-to-face after

installation in the pipeline. It does not include the thickness of gaskets where separategaskets are used. It does include the compressed (installed) thickness of gaskets or sealsthat are an integral part of the valve.

(2) These butterfly valves are of the design generally having concentric location of disc andseat, covered by MSS SP-67, from which these data are extracted.

(3) These valves are dimensionally compatible with flanges conforming to ASME/ANSI B16. 1 Class 25 or Class 125, ASME/ANSI B 16.5 Class 150, ASME B 16.24 Class 150,ASME/ANSI B16.42 Class 150, or AWWA C-207.

(4) For these butterfly valves, a tolerance of ±0.06 in. shall be allowed on face-to-facedimensions of valves of NPS 6 and smaller, and a tolerance of ±0.13 in. on NPS 8 andlarger, except that for single flange and flangeless valves of NPS 30 and a larger, atolerance of ±0.25 in. shall be allowed.

(5) For these valves, a tolerance of ±0.13 in. shall be allowed on the face-to-face dimensionsfor all sizes and pressure classes.

(6) The data for offset seat valves, columns 7–9, are extracted from MSS SP-68 and API 609(except 16" - 24" Class 600, which are only in MSS SP-68).

61

HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS

BRIN

ELL

IND

ENTA

TIO

ND

IAM

ETER

, MM

.

STA

ND

AR

DBR

INEL

LH

AR

DN

ESS

OR

TU

NG

STEN

NO

. – 1

0-M

M. B

ALL

CA

RBI

DE

BALL

3000

-KG

. LO

AD

DIA

MO

ND

PY

RA

MID

HA

RD

NES

SN

UM

BER

. 50-

KG

. LO

AD

B-SC

ALE

100-

KG

LO

AD

1/16

IN. D

IA. B

ALL

C-S

CA

LE15

0-K

G. L

OA

DBR

ALE

PEN

ETR

ATO

R

15-N

SC

ALE

15-K

G. L

OA

D

30-N

SC

ALE

30-K

G. L

OA

D

45-N

SC

ALE

45-K

G. L

OA

D

SHO

RE

SCLE

RO

SCO

PEH

AR

DN

ESS

NU

MBE

R

TEN

SILE

STR

ENG

TH (A

PPR

OX

.)10

00 P

SI.

2.95 429 455 – 45.7 83.4 64.6 49.9 61 2173.00 415 440 – 44.5 82.8 63.5 48.4 59 2103.05 401 425 – 43.1 82.0 62.3 46.9 58 2023.10 388 410 – 41.8 81.4 61.1 45.3 56 195

3.15 375 396 – 40.4 80.6 59.9 43.6 54 1883.20 363 383 – 39.1 80.0 58.7 42.0 52 1823.25 352 372 (110.0) 37.9 79.3 57.6 40.5 51 1763.30 341 360 (109.0) 36.9 78.6 56.4 39.1 50 1703.35 331 350 (108.5) 35.5 78.0 55.4 37.8 48 166

3.40 321 339 (108.0) 34.3 77.3 54.3 36.4 47 1603.45 311 328 (107.5) 33.1 76.7 53.3 34.4 46 1553.50 302 319 (107.0) 32.1 76.1 52.2 33.8 45 1503.55 293 309 (106.0) 30.9 75.5 51.2 32.4 43 1453.60 285 301 (105.5) 29.9 75.0 50.3 31.2 – 141

3.65 277 292 (104.5) 28.8 74.4 49.3 29.9 41 1373.70 269 284 (104.0) 27.6 73.7 48.3 28.5 40 1333.75 262 276 (103.0) 26.6 73.1 47.3 27.3 39 1293.80 255 269 (102.0) 25.4 72.5 46.2 26.0 38 1263.85 248 261 (101.0) 24.2 71.7 45.1 24.5 37 122

3.90 241 253 100.0 22.8 70.9 43.9 22.8 36 1183.95 235 247 99.0 21.7 70.3 42.9 21.5 35 1154.00 229 241 98.2 20.5 69.7 41.9 20.1 34 1114.05 223 234 97.3 (18.8) – – – – –4.10 217 228 96.4 (17.5) – – – 33 105

4.15 212 222 95.5 (16.0) – – – – 1024.20 207 218 94.6 (15.2) – – – 32 1004.25 201 212 93.8 (13.8) – – – 31 984.30 197 207 92.8 (12.7) – – – 30 954.35 192 202 91.9 (11.5) – – – 29 93

4.40 187 196 90.7 (10.0) – – – – 904.45 183 192 90.0 (9.0) – – – 28 894.50 179 188 89.0 (8.0) – – – 27 874.55 174 182 87.8 (6.4) – – – – 854.60 170 178 86.8 (5.4) – – – 26 83

4.65 167 175 86.0 (4.4) – – – – 814.70 163 171 85.0 (3.3) – – – 25 794.80 156 163 82.9 (0.9) – – – – 764.90 149 156 80.8 – – – – 23 735.00 143 150 78.7 – – – – 22 71

5.10 137 143 76.4 – – – – 21 675.20 131 137 74.0 – – – – – 655.30 126 132 72.0 – – – – 20 635.40 121 127 69.8 – – – – 19 605.50 116 122 67.6 – – – – 18 585.60 111 117 65.7 – – – – 15 56

ROCKWELLHARDNESSNUMBER

ROCKWELL SUPERFICIALHARDNESS NUMBERSUPERFICIAL BRALE

PENETRATOR

NOTE: Values in ( ) are beyond normal range: given for information only.

62

USEFUL HYDRAULIC CONSTANTS AND CONVERSIONS

VOLUME AND DENSITY

Barrel = 42 (U.S.) Gallons = 5.6146 cubic feet = 9702 cubic inchesBarrel = .1590 cubic meters = 159 litresGallon (US) = .1337 cubic foot - 231 cubic inches = .833 gallon (IMP)Gallon (IMP) = 1.200 gallon (US) = .1604 cubic foot = 277.2 cubic inchesGallon (US) = 3.785 litre = .003785 cubic metersCubic foot = 7.4805 gallons (US) = 6.231 gallons (IMP) = .1781 BarrelsCubic foot = .028317 cubic meters = 28.317 litresCubic meter = 6.29 barrels

CONTENTS OF PIPELINES

Gallons (US) per 1000 ft = 40.8 x (inch ID)2Barrels per 1000 ft = .9714 x (inch ID)2Gallons (US) per mile = 215.42 x (inch ID)2Barrels per mile = 5.129 x (inch ID)2Cubic meters per Kilometer = .0007854 x (mmID)2

VELOCITY IN PIPES

Feet per second = ft3 / hr x .0509 ÷ (inch ID)2Feet per second = bbl / hr x .2859 ÷ (inch ID)2Feet per second = gallon (US) / min x .4085 ÷ (inch ID)2Meters per second = M3 / hr x 353.68 ÷ (mm ID)2

RATES OF FLOW

Gallons per min = .02917 x Barrels/dayGallons per day = 1008 x Barrels/hour

63

UNIT CONVERSIONSTEMPERATURE

˚C = (˚F – 32) X 5/9

VOLUME

1 gal. (U.S.) = 128 fl. oz. (U.S.)= 231 cu. in.= 0.833 gal. (Brit.)

1 cu. ft. = 7.48 gal. (U.S.)

WEIGHT OF WATER

1 cu. ft. at 50˚F weighs 62.41 lb.1 gal. at 50˚F weighs 8.34 lb.1 cu. ft. of ice weighs 57.2 lb.Water is at its greatest density at 39.2˚F.1 cu. ft. at 39.2˚F. weighs 62.43 lb.

WEIGHT OF LIQUID

1 gal. (U.S.) = 8.34 lb. X sp. gr.1 cu. ft. = 62.4 lb. X sp. gr1 lb. = 0.12 U.S. gal. ÷ sp. gr.

= 0.016 cu. ft. ÷ sp. gr.

WORK

1 Btu (mean) = 778 ft. lb.= 0.293 watt hr.= 1/180 of heat required to

change temp of 1 lb. waterfrom 32˚F to 212˚F

1 hp-hr = 2545 Btu (mean)= 0.746 kwhr

1 Kwhr = 3413 Btu (mean)= 1.34 hp-hr

66

UNIT CONVERSIONS

FLOW

1 gpm = 0.134 cu. ft. per min.= 500 lb. per hr. x sp. gr.

500 lb. per hr. = 1 gpm ÷ sp. gr.1 cu. ft. per min. (cfm) = 448.8 gal. per hr. (gph)

POWER

1 Btu per hr. = 0.293 watt= 12.96 ft. lb. per min.= 0.00039 hp

1 ton refrigeration (U.S.) = 288,000 Btu per 24 hr.= 12,000 Btu per hr.= 200 Btu per min.= 83.33 lb. ice melted per hr.

from and at 32˚F.1 hp = 550 ft lb. per sec.

= 746 watt= 2545 Btu per hr.

1 boiler hp = 33,480 Btu per hr.= 34.5 lb. water evap. per hr.

from and at 212˚F= 9.8 kw.

1 kw. = 3413 Btu per hr.

MASS

1 lb. (avoir.) = 16 oz. (avoir.)= 7000 grain

1 ton (short) = 2000 lb.1 ton (long) = 2240 lb.

PRESSURE

1 lb. per sq. in. = 2.31 ft. water at 60˚F= 2.04 in. hg at 60˚F

1 ft. water at 60˚F = 0.433 lb. per sq. in.= 0.884 in. hg at 60˚F

1 in. Hg at 60˚F = 0.49 lb. per sq. in.= 1.13 ft. water at 60˚F

lb. per sq. in. = lb. per sq. in. gauge (psig)Absolute (psia) + 14.7

64 Temperature Conversion ChartCELSIUS – FAHRENHEIT

NOTE: The numbers in boldface refer to the temperature in degrees, either Celsius or Fahrenheit, which it is desired to convert into the other scale. If converting from Fahrenheitto Celsius degrees, the equivalent temperature will be found in the left column; while if converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit, the answer will be found in thecolumn on the right.

-73.3 -100 -148.0 2.8 37 98.6 33.3 92 197.6 293 560 1040-67.8 -90 -130.0 3.3 38 100.4 33.9 93 199.4 299 570 1058-62.2 -80 -112.0 3.9 39 102.2 34.4 94 201.2 304 580 1076-59.4 -75 -103.0 4.4 40 104.0 35.0 95 203.0 310 590 1094-56.7 -70 -94.0 5.0 41 105.8 35.6 96 204.8 316 600 1112-53.9 -65 -85.0 5.6 42 107.6 36.1 97 206.6 321 610 1130-51.1 -60 -76.0 6.1 43 109.4 36.7 98 208.4 327 620 1148-48.3 -55 -67.0 6.7 44 111.2 37.2 99 210.2 332 630 1166

-45.6 -50 -58.0 7.2 45 113.0 37.8 100 212.0 338 640 1184-42.8 -45 -49.0 7.8 46 114.8 43 110 230 343 650 1202-40.0 -40 -40.0 8.3 47 116.6 49 120 248 349 660 1220-37.2 -35 -31.0 8.9 48 118.4 54 130 266 354 670 1238-34.4 -30 -22.0 9.4 49 120.2 60 140 284 360 680 1256-31.7 -25 -13.0 10.0 50 122.0 66 150 302 366 690 1274-28.9 -20 -4.0 10.6 51 123.8 71 160 320 371 700 1292-26.1 -15 5.0 11.1 52 125.6 77 170 338 377 710 1310

-23.3 -10 14.0 11.7 53 127.4 82 180 356 382 720 1328-20.6 -5 23.0 12.2 54 129.2 88 190 374 388 730 1346-17.8 0 32.0 12.8 55 131.0 93 200 392 393 740 1364-17.2 1 33.8 13.3 56 132.8 99 210 410 399 750 1382-16.7 2 35.6 13.9 57 134.6 100 212 414 404 760 1400-16.1 3 37.4 14.4 58 136.4 104 220 428 410 770 1418-15.6 4 39.2 15.0 59 138.2 110 230 446 416 780 1436-15.0 5 41.0 15.6 60 140.0 116 240 464 421 790 1454

Celsius Fahrenheit Celsius Fahrenheit Celsius Fahrenheit Celsius Fahrenheit

65

The formulas at the right may also beused for converting Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees into the other scale.

Degrees Cels., C˚ = — (F˚ + 40) -40 Degrees Fahr., F˚ = — (C˚ + 40) -40

-14.4 6 42.8 16.1 61 141.8 121 250 482 427 800 1472-13.9 7 44.6 16.7 62 143.6 127 260 500 432 810 1490-13.3 8 46.4 17.2 63 145.4 132 270 518 438 820 1508-12.8 9 48.2 17.8 64 147.2 138 280 536 443 830 1526-12.2 10 50.0 18.3 65 149.0 143 290 554 449 840 1544-11.7 11 51.8 18.9 66 150.8 149 300 572 454 850 1562-11.1 12 53.6 19.4 67 152.6 154 310 590 460 860 1580-10.6 13 55.4 20.0 68 154.4 160 320 608 466 870 1598

-10.0 14 57.2 20.6 69 156.2 166 330 626 471 880 1616-9.4 15 59.0 21.1 70 158.0 171 340 644 477 890 1634-8.9 16 60.8 21.7 71 159.8 177 350 662 482 900 1652-8.3 17 62.6 22.2 72 161.6 182 360 680 488 910 1670-7.8 18 64.4 22.8 73 163.4 188 370 698 493 920 1688-7.2 19 66.2 23.3 74 165.2 193 380 716 499 930 1706-6.7 20 68.0 23.9 75 167.0 199 390 734 504 940 1724-6.1 21 69.8 24.4 76 168.8 204 400 752 510 950 1742

-5.6 22 71.6 25.0 77 170.6 210 410 770 516 960 1760-5.0 23 73.4 25.6 78 172.4 216 420 788 521 970 1778-4.4 24 75.2 26.1 79 174.2 221 430 806 527 980 1796-3.9 25 77.0 26.7 80 176.0 227 440 824 532 990 1814-3.3 26 78.8 27.2 81 177.8 232 450 842 538 1000 1832-2.8 27 80.6 27.8 82 179.6 238 460 860 566 1050 1922-2.2 28 82.4 28.3 83 181.4 243 470 878 593 1100 2012-1.7 29 84.2 28.9 84 183.2 249 480 896 621 1150 2102

-1.1 30 86.0 29.4 85 185.0 254 490 914 649 1200 2192-0.6 31 87.8 30.0 86 186.8 260 500 932 677 1250 22820.0 32 89.6 30.6 87 188.6 266 510 950 704 1300 23720.6 33 91.4 31.1 88 190.4 271 520 968 732 1350 24621.1 34 93.2 31.7 89 192.2 277 530 986 760 1400 25521.7 35 95.0 32.2 90 194.0 282 540 1004 788 1450 26422.2 36 96.8 32.8 91 195.8 288 550 1022 816 1500 2732

59

95

67

STANDARD CONVERSIONS

TO CHANGE TO MULTIPLY BY

Inches .......................................... Feet ............................................. 0.0833Inches .......................................... Millimeters ................................. 25.4Feet .............................................. Inches ......................................... 12Feet .............................................. Yards .......................................... 0.3333Yards ........................................... Feet ............................................. 3Square inches .............................. Square feet ................................. 0.00694Square feet .................................. Square inches ............................. 144Square feet .................................. Square yards ............................... 0.11111Square yards ................................ Square feet ................................. 9Cubic inches ................................ Cubic feet ................................... 0.00058Cubic feet .................................... Cubic inches ............................... 1728Cubic feet .................................... Cubic yards ................................ 0.03703Cubic yards ................................. Cubic feet ................................... 27Cubic inches ................................ Gallons ....................................... 0.00433Cubic feet .................................... Gallons ....................................... 7.48Gallons ........................................ Cubic inches ............................... 231Gallons ........................................ Cubic feet ................................... 0.1337Gallons ........................................ Pounds of water .......................... 8.33Pounds of water ........................... Gallons ....................................... 0.12004Ounces ......................................... Pounds ........................................ 0.0625Pounds ......................................... Ounces ........................................ 16Inches of water ............................ Pounds per square inch .............. 0.0361Inches of water ............................ Inches of mercury ...................... 0.0735Inches of water ............................ Ounces per square inch .............. 0.578Inches of water ............................ Pounds per square foot ............... 5.2Inches of mercury ....................... Inches of water ........................... 13.6Inches of mercury ....................... Feet of water .............................. 1.1333Inches of mercury ....................... Pounds per square inch .............. 0.4914Ounces per square inch ............... Inches of mercury ...................... 0.127Ounces per square inch ............... Inches of water ........................... 1.733Pounds per square inch ............... Inches of water ........................... 27.72Pounds per square inch ............... Feet of water .............................. 2.310Pounds per square inch ............... Inches of mercury ...................... 2.04Pounds per square inch ............... Atmospheres ............................... 0.0681Feet of water ............................... Pounds per square inch .............. 0.434Feet of water ............................... Pounds per square foot ............... 62.5Feet of water ............................... Inches of mercury ...................... 0.8824Atmospheres ............................... Pounds per square inch .............. 14.696Atmospheres ............................... Inches of mercury ...................... 29.92Atmospheres ............................... Feet of water .............................. 34Long tons .................................... Pounds ........................................ 2240Short tons .................................... Pounds ........................................ 2000Short tons .................................... Long tons ................................... 0.89285

68

INTERCHANGE BETWEEN UNITSInternational Metric - Old Metric - U.S. Customary Units

These charts will interchange values between the SI International Standard, the U.S.or English system, and the older metric systems. The left column of each chart showsthe basic unit in the SI system.

Equivalent values of all units are shown on the same line. The easiest way to use thecharts is to look down the column of the unit which is to be converted and find the lineon which the figure “1” appears. Then move to the left or right on the same line to thecolumn of the new unit. The value shown is a multiplier to convert to the new unit.

Conversions can be easily made with a pocket calculator which has an exponent keyor can be made manually.

For manual calculations remember that the + or - sign in front of an exponent tellswhether to move the decimal point to the right (for a + sign) or to the left (for a - sign)and how far to move it. Examples: 2.540 X 10-5 is .0000254, and 3.048 X 102 = 304.8,etc. Conversion examples are:

Convert 627 inches into centimetres. In the LENGTH chart, look down the Inchcolumn to the figure “1”. Then move left on this line to the Centimetre column. Use theconversion multiplier 2.540: 627 x 2.540 = 1592.58 centimetres = 15.93 metres =15,925.8 millimetres.

Convert 5000 PSI (pounds/sq. inch) into bars. Use the UNIT PRESSURE chart onthe next page. Look down the Pounds/inch2 column to the figure 1. Then move left onthe same line to the Bar column. The figure .06897 is a multiplier. Multiply 5000 x.06897 = 344.85 bars.

Most western countries have abandoned the older metric systems in favor of thenew SI metric system. The USA is the only major country which has not officiallyadopted the SI system of units.

TORQUE Gravity AccelerationNewton-Metres Kilopond-Mtrs. Foot-Pounds Inch-Lbs.

1 1.020 x 10-1 7.376 x 10-1 8.8519.807 1 7.233 86.801.356 1.382 x 10-1 1 121.130 x 10-1 1.152 x 10-2 8.333 x 10-2 1

LENGTH (Linear Measurement)Metre Centimetre Kilometre Mile Inch Foot

1 100 1 x 10-3 6.214 x 10-4 39.370 3.2810.01 1 1 x 10-5 6.214 x 10-6 3.937 x 10-1 3.281 x 10-2

1 x 10-3 0.10 1 x 10-6 6.214 x 10-7 3.937 x 10-2 3.281 x 10-3

1 x 103 1 x 105 1 6.214 x 10-1 3.937 x 104 3.281 x 103

1.609 x 103 1.609 x 105 1.609 1 6.336 x 104 52802.540 x 10-2 2.540 2.540 x 10-5 1.578 x 10-5 1 8.333 x 10-2

3.048 x 10-1 30.479 3.048 x 10-4 1.894 x 10-4 12 11 millimetre = .001 metre = .10 centimetre = .000001 kilometre = .03937 inch = .003281 foot.

AREA (Square Measurement)Square Metre Sq. Centimetre Sq. Kilometre Square Inch Square Foot Square Mile

1 1 x 104 1 x 10-6 1.550 x 103 10.764 3.861 x 10-7

1 x 10-4 1 1 x 10-10 1.550 x 10-1 1.076 x 10-3 3.861 x 10-11

1 x 10-6 1 x 10-2 1 x 10-12 1.550 x 10-3 1.076 x 10-5 3.861 x 10-13

1 x 106 1 x 10-10 1 1.550 x 109 1.076 x 107 3.861 x 10-1

6.452 x 10-4 6.452 6.452 x 10-10 1 6.944 x 10-3 2.491 x 10-10

9.290 x 10-2 9.290 x 102 9.290 x 10-8 144 1 3.587 x 10-8

2.590 x 106 2.590 x 1010 2.590 4.014 x 109 2.788 x 107 11 square millimetre = .000001 square metre = .00155 square inch = .00001076 square foot.

VOLUME (Cubic)Cubic Metre Cu. Decimetre Cu. Centimetre U.S. Gallon Cubic Inch Cubic Foot

(Litre)

1 1 x 103 1 x 106 2.642 x 102 6.102 x 104 35.3141 x 10-3 1 1 x 103 2.642 x 10-1 6.1024 3.531 x 10-2

1 x 10-6 1 x 10-3 1 2.642 x 10-4 6.102 x 10-2 3.531 x 10-5

4.546 x 10-3 4.546 4.546 x 103 1.200 2.774 x 102 1.605 x 10-1

3.785 x 10-3 3.785 3.785 x 103 1 2.310 x 102 1.337 x 10-1

1.639 x 10-5 1.639 x 10-2 16.387 4.329 x 10-3 1 5.787 x 10-4

2.832 x 10-2 28.317 2.832 x 104 7.481 1.728 x 103 11 imperial gallon = 1.2 U.S. gallon = .004546 cubic metre = 4.546 litre = 4546 cubic centimetres.

In the U.S. system the accelerationdue to gravity or “g” is 32.2 feet persecond per second. In the metricsystem “g” is 105.5 metres per secondper second.

69

FORCE (Including Force Due to Weight)Newton Dyne Kilopond Metric Ton U.S. Ton Pound

(Tonne)

1 1 x 105 1.020 x 10-1 1.020 x 10-4 1.124 x 10-4 2.248 x 10-1

1 x 10-5 1 1.020 x 10-6 1.020 x 10-9 1.124 x 10-9 2.248 x 10-6

9.807 9.807 x 105 1 1 x 10-3 1.102 x 10-3 2.2059.807 x 103 9.807 x 108 1000 1 1.102 2.205 x 103

9.964 x 103 9.964 x 108 1.016 x 103 1.016 1.120 2.240 x 103

8.896 x 103 8.896 x 108 9.072 x 102 9.072 x 10-1 1 20004.448 4.448 x 105 4.536 x 10-1 4.536 x 10-4 5 x 10-4 1

1 long ton = 9964 Newtons - 1.016 kiloponds - 1.106 metric tons - 1.120 U.S. tons = 2240 pounds.

MASS (Not Weight)Kilogram Gram Metric Ton Newton Pound U.S. Ton

(Tonne)

1 1000 1 x 10-3 9.807 2.205 1.102 x 10-3

1 x 10-3 1 1 x 10-6 9.807 x 10-3 2.205 x 10-3 1.102 x 10-6

1 x 103 1 x 106 1 9.807 x 103 2.205 x 103 1.1021.020 x 10-1 1.020 x 102 1.020 x 10-4 1 2.248 x 10-1 1.124 x 10-4

4.536 x 10-1 4.536 x 102 4.536 x 10-4 4.448 1 5 x 10-4

14.594 1.459 x 104 1.459 x 10-2 1.431 x 102 32.170 1.609 x 10-2

9.072 x 102 9.072 x 105 9.072 x 10-1 8.896 x 103 2000 1

VELOCITYMetres/Sec. Kilometres/Hr. Miles/Hr. Feet/Min. Feet/Sec. Inches/Min.

1 3.6 2.237 1.968 x 102 3.281 2.362 x 103

1 x 10-1 1 x 10-4 6.214 x 10-5 5.468 x 10-3 9.113 x 10-5 6.562 x 10-2

2.778 x 10-1 1 6.214 x 10-1 5.468 x 101 9.113 x 10-1 6.562 x 102

4.470 x 10-1 1.609 1 88 1.467 1.056 x 103

5.080 x 10-3 1.829 x 10-2 1.136 x 10-2 1 1.667 x 10-2 12 3.048 x 10-1 1.097 6.818 x 10-1 60 1 7.2 x 102

4.233 x 10-4 1.524 x 10-3 9.470 x 10-4 8.333 x 10-2 1.389 x 10-3 11 decimetre/second = 0.1 metres/second = .005468 ft./min. = .06562 in./min.

UNIT PRESSURE (Either Fluid or Mechanical)Bar Newtons/m2 Kilopond/m2 Atmosphere Pounds/Ft2 Pounds/Inch2

(Pascal)

1 x 10-5 1 1.020 x 10-1 9.869 x 10-6 2.088 x 10-2 1.45 x 10-4

1 1 x 105 1.020 x 104 9.869 x 10-1 2.088 x 103 14.59.807 x 10-5 9.807 1 9.678 x 10-5 2.048 x 10-1 1.422 x 10-3

9.807 x 10-1 9.807 x 104 1 x 104 9.678 x 10-1 2.048 x 103 14.2201.013 1.013 x 105 1.033 x 104 1 2.116 x 103 14.6934.789 x 10-4 47.893 4.884 4.726 x 10-4 1 6.944 x 10-3

6.897 x 10-2 6.897 x 103 7.033 x 102 6.806 x 10-2 1.440 x 102 11 Kilopond/Sq. cm. = .9807 bar = 98070 Pascal = .9678 atmos. = 2048 lbs./sq. ft. = 14.22 lbs./sq. inch.

POWER (Fluid, Electrical, or Mechanical)Kilowatt Watt, Joules/s Foot-Pounds Foot-Pounds BTU per Hour BTU per Min.

and N-m/s per Minute per Second

1 1000 4.425 x 104 7.376 x 102 3.412 x 103 56.8621 x 10-3 1 44.254 7.376 x 10-1 3.412 5.686 x 10-2

7.461 x 10-1 746 3.300 x 104 5.500 x 102 2.545 x 103 42.442.260 x 10-5 2.260 x 10-2 1 1.667 x 10-2 7.710 x 10-2 1.285 x 10-3

1.356 x 10-3 1.356 60 1 4.626 7.710 x 10-2

2.931 x 10-4 2.931 x 10-1 12.971 2.162 x 10-1 1 1.667 x 10-2

1.759 x 10-2 17.586 7.783 x 102 12.971 60 11 U.S. = 1 U.K. Horsepower = .7461 kW = 33,000 ft. lbs./min. = 2545 BTU/hr. = 42.44 BTU/minute.

ENERGY OR WORKKilowatt-Hour Watt-Second Horsepower/Hr. Foot-Pound Inch-Pound BTU

Joule, or N-m

1 3.6 x 106 1.341 2.655 x 106 3.187 x 107 3.412 x 103

2.778 x 10-7 1 3.725 x 10-7 7.376 x 10-1 8.851 9.477 x 10-4

2.778 x 10-14 1 x 10-7 3.725 x 10-14 7.376 x 10-8 8.851 x 10-7 9.477 x 10-11

7.457 x 10-1 2.685 x 106 1 1.980 x 106 2.376 x 107 2.544 x 103

3.766 x 10-7 1.356 5.051 x 10-7 1 12 1.285 x 10-3

3.138 x 10-8 1.130 x 10-1 4.209 x 10-8 8.333 x 10-2 1 1.071 x 10-4

2.931 x 10-4 1.055 x 103 3.931 x 10-4 7.783 x 102 9.339 x 103 1

70

English/Metric ConversionsPRESSURE – PSI And Bars

1 PSI = .0689655 bar 1 bar = 14.5 PSIPSI Bars PSI Bars Bars PSI Bars PSI20 1.379 1100 75.86 1 14.50 55 797.530 2.069 1200 82.76 2 29.00 60 870.040 2.759 1300 89.66 3 43.50 65 942.550 3.448 1400 96.55 4 58.00 70 101560 4.138 1500 103.5 5 72.50 75 108870 4.828 1600 110.3 6 87.00 80 116080 5.517 1700 117.2 7 101.5 85 123390 6.207 1800 124.1 8 116.0 90 1305100 6.897 1900 131.0 9 130.5 95 1378200 13.79 2000 137.9 10 145.0 100 1450300 20.69 2250 155.2 15 217.5 150 2175400 27.59 2500 172.4 20 290.0 200 2900500 34.48 2750 189.7 25 362.5 250 3625600 41.38 3000 206.9 30 435.0 300 4350700 48.28 3500 241.4 35 507.5 350 5075800 55.17 4000 275.9 40 580.0 400 5800900 62.07 4500 310.3 45 652.5 450 65251000 6.897 5000 344.8 50 725.0 500 7250

HYDRAULIC FLOW — GPM and Litres per Minute1 GPM = 3.785 litres/min. 1 litre/min. = 0.2642 GPM

GPM l/min GPM l/min l/min GPM l/min GPM1 3.785 75 283.9 5 1.32 300 79.32 7.570 80 302.8 10 2.64 350 92.53 11.36 85 321.7 20 5.28 400 1064 15.14 90 340.7 30 7.93 450 1195 18.93 95 359.6 40 10.6 500 13210 37.85 100 378.5 50 13.2 550 14515 56.78 125 473.1 60 15.9 600 15920 75.70 150 567.8 70 18.5 650 17225 94.63 175 662.4 80 21.1 700 18530 113.6 200 757.0 90 23.8 750 19835 132.5 225 851.6 100 26.4 800 21140 151.4 250 946.3 125 33.0 900 23845 170.3 275 1041 150 39.6 1000 26450 189.3 300 1136 175 46.2 1100 29155 208.2 325 1230 200 52.8 1200 31760 227.1 350 1325 225 59.4 1300 34365 246.0 375 1420 250 66.1 1400 37070 265.0 400 1514 275 72.7 1500 396

AIR FLOW — CFM and Cubic Decimetres per Second1 CFM = 0.47195 cu. dm/sec (dm3/s) 1 Cu. dm/sec (dm3/sec) = 2.1187 CFM

CFM dm3/s CFM dm3/s dm3/s CFM dm3/s CFM1 0.472 75 35.40 5 10.59 225 476.72 0.944 80 37.76 10 21.19 250 529.73 1.416 85 40.12 15 31.78 300 635.64 1.888 90 42.48 20 42.37 350 741.55 2.360 95 44.84 25 52.97 400 847.510 4.720 100 47.20 30 63.56 450 953.415 7.079 125 58.99 35 74.15 500 105920 9.439 150 70.79 40 84.75 550 116525 11.80 175 82.59 45 95.34 600 127130 14.16 200 94.39 50 105.9 700 148335 16.52 225 106.2 60 127.1 800 169540 18.88 250 118.0 70 148.3 900 190745 21.24 275 129.8 80 169.5 1000 211950 23.60 300 141.6 100 211.9 1100 233155 25.96 325 153.4 125 264.8 1200 254260 28.32 350 165.2 150 317.8 1300 275465 30.68 375 177.0 175 370.7 1400 296670 33.04 400 188.8 200 423.7 1500 3178

71

DECIMAL AND METRICEquivalents of Common Fractions of an Inch

64ths 32nds 16ths 8ths Decimal Mm

1/64 0.01562 0.3971/32 0.03125 0.794

3/64 0.04688 1.1911/16 0.06250 1.588

5/64 0.07812 1.9843/32 0.09375 2.381

7/64 0.10938 2.7781/8 0.12500 3.175

9/64 0.14062 3.5725/32 0.15625 3.969

11/64 0.17188 4.3663/16 0.18750 4.763

13/64 0.20312 5.1597/32 0.21875 5.556

15/64 0.23438 5.9531/4 0.25000 6.350

17/64 0.26562 6.7479/32 0.28125 7.144

19/64 0.29688 7.5415/16 0.31250 7.938

21/64 0.32812 8.33411/32 0.34375 8.731

23/64 0.35938 9.1283/8 0.37500 9.525

25/64 0.39062 9.92213/32 0.40625 10.319

27/64 0.42188 10.7167/16 0.43750 11.113

29/64 0.45312 11.50915/32 0.46875 11.906

31/64 0.48438 12.3031/2 0.50000 12.700

33/64 0.51562 13.09717/32 0.53125 13.494

35/64 0.54688 13.8919/16 0.56250 14.288

37/64 0.57812 14.68419/32 0.59375 15.081

39/64 0.60938 15.4785/8 0.62500 15.875

41/64 0.64062 16.27221/32 0.65625 16.669

43/64 0.67188 17.06611/16 0.68750 17.463

45/64 0.70312 17.85923/32 0.71875 18.256

47/64 0.73438 18.6533/4 0.75000 19.050

49/64 0.76562 19.44725/32 0.78125 19.844

51/64 0.79688 20.24113/16 0.81250 20.638

53/64 0.82812 21.03427/32 0.84375 21.431

55/64 0.85938 21.8287/8 0.87500 22.225

57/64 0.89062 22.62229/32 0.90625 23.019

59/64 0.92188 23.41615/16 0.93750 23.813

61/64 0.95312 24.20931/32 0.96875 24.606

63/64 0.98438 25.0031 1.00000 25.400

MINUTES CONVERTED TO DECIMALS OF A DEGREEMIN DEG. MIN. DEG. MIN. DEG. MIN. DEG. MIN. DEG. MIN. DEG.

1 .0166 11 .1833 21 .3500 31 .5166 41 .6833 51 .85002 .0333 12 2.000 22 .3666 32 .5333 42 .7000 52 .86663 .0500 13 .2166 23 .3833 33 .5500 43 .7166 53 .88334 .0666 14 .2333 24 .4000 34 .5666 44 .7333 54 .90005 .0833 15 .2500 25 .4166 35 .5833 45 .7500 55 .91666 .1000 16 .2666 26 .4333 36 .6000 46 .7666 56 .93337 .1166 17 .2833 27 .4500 37 .6166 47 .7833 57 .95008 .1333 18 .3000 28 .4666 38 .6333 48 .8000 58 .96669 .1500 19 .3166 29 .4833 39 .6500 49 .8166 59 .983310 .1666 20 .3333 30 .5000 40 .6666 50 .8333 60 1.0000

72 Conversion FactorsArea

Rods2 Chains2 Feet2 Yards2 Acres Metres2 Hectares

160 10 43,560 4,840 1 4047 .4047

107,639 2,471 10,000 1

US Gallons Imp. Gallons Cubic Metres Pounds (water) Cubic Feet Acre Inches Acre Feet

1 8.33 .1337

1 10.00

264.1 220 1 2200 35.31

7.48 6.24 62.4 1

27,154 3,630 1 1/12

325,850 43,560 12 1

1 million 3.07

Volume (Flow)

73

Pressure (Head)

PSI KPA Water Column

Inches Feet

.145 1 4.0 .34

1 6.89 2.31

.433 2.98 12 1

BTU GJ FT3 M3 H.P. KW

3,413 .0036 1.341 1

2,545 .0027 1 .746

950,000 1 948.2 26.71 372.7 278

Power and Energy

74

FLOW CONVERSION CHART

The accompanying chart provides fast answers to many problemsthat may confront the pipe fitter. Procedures for using the chart areas follows:

Note that there are three sets of figures shown in connection withthe extreme left-hand column A. The column marked “1 in.standard” gives the internal diameter of standard pipe (somewhatgreater than 1 for 1 in. standard pipe). The column marked “2exact” gives the exact diameter. The column marked “3 extra heavy”gives the internal diameter of extra heavy pipe.

EXAMPLE: How much water is passing through a pipe having anI.D. of exactly 1 in. the velocity of the water being 3 F.P.S.? Toapply the chart to the problem locate 1 in. in column A over theword “exact” and run a straight line from the point through the 3in column C. From the intersection of this line with column B, runa straight line horizontally to column G. The intersection of thisline at columns D, E and F gives the following information:

Column D shows the cubic feet/minute flowing through the pipe;column E shows the volume of flow in gallons/minute; column Fgives the weight of the water in pounds/minute. (For liquids otherthan water, multiply the value of column F by the specific gravityof the liquid for accurate weight conversion). See chart page 31.

If a quantity in columns D, E or F is known then velocity may bedetermined by reversing the procedure. Draw a horizontal linefrom the known point to column G. From this intersection draw aline to the exact I.D. of the pipe in column A and extend this line tocross column C. The intersection with column C gives the velocityin feet/second.

The chart can be used as a conversion chart to determine thenumber of gallons in a certain number of cubic feet of liquid. Thehorizontal line already drawn to determine answers in columns Cand D will provide the answer to the conversion in column E.

A little practice will prove this chart to be a real time-saver.

75

11

GF

ED

CB

A

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21

30,000

2000

30 20 15 10 9 78 6 5 4 3 2 1.5

1. 0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.31

1"81"4

1"81"4

3"81"2

3"81"2

3"4"1

1 1

3"4

"1

1

"41

1"4

12 2

" "2

"

3"

4"

5"

6"

7"

8"

9"

10 "

12 "

13 "14 "15

162

STANDARD

EXACT

EXTRAHEAVY

31

14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0.8

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

"15 "14 "13 "12 "

10 " 9"

8"

7"

6"

5"

4"

3"

21

2"2

13

"21

3"2

14

"21

4"2

1"2

11

"2

234567891011

1000

500

200

100

50 20 10 5 3 2 1 0.5

0.3

0.1

.03

.01

10,000

5000

2000

1000

500

200

100

50 20 10 5 2 1 0.5

0.1

236102050100

200

500

1000

3000

5000

10,000

20,000

LB WATER

GAL. PER MIN.

FT.CU PER MIN.

FT.VELOCITY, PER SEC.

PER MIN.

50,000

100,000

200,000

1

Courtesy of T

he W

eldin

g E

ng

ineer


77

FORMULAS TO BE PROVIDED TO OPERATORSFOR CALCULATIONS

1. H.P. = RPM x Torque (ft/lbs) / 52522. Torque (ft/lbs) = (H.P. X 5252) / RPM3. H.P. = [ (Volts x Amps x 1.73 x Power factor (p.f.) x motor efficiency)

/1000] / .7464 Drive Sheave RPM x Drive Sheave Diameter = Motor Sheave RPM x

Motor Sheave Diameter

** ignoring belt slippage

5. Polish Rod RPM = Motor Sheave RPM x Motor Sheave DiameterDrive Sheave Diameter

** ignoring belt slippage

FIND STROKES PER MINUTE (SPM)RPM divided by Gear Ratio divided by Big Sheave multiplied by SmallSheave equals Strokes per Minute.

FIND SMALL SHEAVESPM multiplied by Gear Ratio multiplied by Big Sheave divided by RPMequals Small Sheave.

FIND BIG SHEAVERPM divided by Gear Ratio divided by SPM multiplied by Small Sheaveequals Big Sheave.

FIND BELT SIZEBig Sheave plus Little Sheave multiplied by 1.57 plus 2 times the Distancefrom shaft centre to shaft centre equals Belt Size.

** Estimate Only

78

FORMULAS

Where:A = Area; A1 = Surface area of solids;V = Volume; C = Circumference

CircleA = 3.142 X R X RC = 3.142 X D

DR =

2D = 2 X R

EllipseA = 3.142 X A X B

√ A2 + B2C = 6.283 X

2

ParallelogramA = H X L

RectangleA = W X L

Sector of circle3.142 X R X R X a

A =360

L = .01745 X R X aL

a =.01745 X R

LR =

.01745 X a

TrapezoidL1 + L2A = H X

2

TriangleW X H

A =2

79

FORMULAS

ConeA1= 3.142 X R X S + 3.142 X R X RV = 1.047 X R X R X H

CylinderA1= (6.283 X R X R) + (6.283 X R X H)V = 3.142 X R X R X H

Elliptical TanksV = 3.142 X A X B X H

√ A2 + B2A1= 6.283 X X H + 6.283 X A X B

2

Rectangular solidA1= 2[W X L + L X H + H X W]V = W X L X H

SphereA1= 12.56 X R X RV = 4.188 X R X R X R

For above containers:

Capacity in gallons = when V is in cubic inches.

Capacity in gallons = 7.48 X V when V is in cubic feet.

V231

80

Torque and horsepower relationsT = HP x 5252 ÷ RPMHP = T x RPM ÷ 5252RPM = HP x 5252 ÷ TTorque values are in foot pounds.

Hydraulic (fluid power) horsepower:HP = PSI X GPM ÷ 1714PSI is gauge pressure in pounds per squareinch, GPM is oil flow in gallons per minute.

Velocity of oil flow in pipe:V = GPM x 0.3208 ÷ AV is oil velocity in feet per second, GPM isflow in gallons per minute, A is inside area ofpipe in square inches.

Charles’ Law for behavior of gases:T1V2 = T2V1, or T1P2 = T2P1

T1, P1 and V1 are initial temperature, pressureand volume, and T2, P2, and V2 are finalconditions.

Boyle’s Law for behavior of gases:P1V1 = P2V2

P1 and V1 are initial pressure and volume; P2

and V2 are final conditions.

Circle formulae:Area = πr2, or πD2 ÷ 4Circumference = 2πr, or πDr is radius, D is diameter, inches.

Heat equivalent or fluid power:BTU per hour = PSI x GPM x 1 1/2

Hydraulic cyl. piston travel speed:S = CIM ÷ AS is piston travel speed, inches per minute,CIM is oil flow into cylinder, cubic inchesper minute, A is piston area in square inches.

Thrust or force of any cylinder:T = A x PSIT is thrust or force, in pounds, A is piston netarea in square inches, PSI is gauge pressure.

Force for piercing or shearing sheet metal:F = P x T x PSIF is force required, in pounds, P is perimeteraround area to be sheared, in inches, T issheet thickness in inches; PSI is the shearstrength rating of the material in pounds persquare inch.

Side load on pump or motor shaft:F = (HP x 63024) ÷ (RPM x R)F is the side load, in pounds, against shaft; Ris the pitch radius, in inches, of sheave onpump shaft; HP is driving power applied toshaft.

Effective force of a cylinder working at an angleto direction of the load travel:

F = T x sin AT is the total cylinder force, in pounds; F isthe part of the force which is effective, inpounds; A is the least angle, in degreesbetween cylinder axis and load direction.

Heat radiating capacity of a steel reservoir.HP = 0.001 x A x TDHP is the power radiating capacity expressedin horsepower; A is surface area, in squarefeet; TD is temperature difference in ˚Fbetween oil and surrounding air.

Burst pressure of pipe or tubingP = 2t x S ÷ OP is burst pressure in PSI, t is wall thickness,in inches; S is tensile strength of material inPSI; O is outside diameter, in inches.

Relationship between displacement and torque ofa hydraulic motor:

T = D x PSI ÷ 24πT is torque in foot lbs. D is displacement incubic inches per revolution, PSI is pressuredifference across motor, π= 3.14.

RULES-OF-THUMB

Horsepower for driving a pumpFor every 1 HP of drive, the equivalent of 1GPM @ 1500 PSI can be produced.

Horsepower for idling a pump:To idle a pump when it is unloaded willrequire about 5% of its full rated horsepower.

Compressibility of hydraulic oil:Volume reduction is approximately 1/2% forevery 1000 PSI of fluid pressure.

Compressibility of water:Volume reduction is about 1/3% for everyPSI pressure.

Wattage for heating hydraulic oil:Each watt will raise the temperature of 1gallon of oil by 1˚F per hour.

Flow velocity in hydraulic lines:Pump suction lines 2 to 4 feet per second;pressure lines up to 500 PSI, 10 to 15feet/sec.; pressure lines 500 to 3000 PSI, 15to 20 ft./sec.; pressure lines over 3000 PSI,25 ft./sec.; all oil lines in air-over-oil system,4 ft./sec.

Fluid Power Formulae

81

T = HP x 5252 ÷ RPMHP = T x RPM ÷ 5252RPM = HP x 5252 ÷ T

T = Torque, foot-lbs.RPM = Speed, revs/minuteHP = Horsepower

HP = PSI X GPM ÷ 1714

HP = HorsepowerPSI = Gauge pres., lbs/sq. InchGPM = Flow, gallons per minute

T = A x PSI

T = Force or thrust, in lbs.A = Piston area, square inchesPSI = Gauge pressure, lbs/sq. inch

S = V ÷ A

S = Travel speed, inches/minuteV = Vol. of oil to cyl., cu. in/min.A = Piston area, square inches.

P = 2t x S ÷ O

P = Burst pressure, PSIt = Pipe wall thickness, inchesS = Tensile str., pipe mat’l, PSIO = Outside diam. of pipe, inches

V = GPM x 0.3208 ÷ A

V - Velocity, feet per secondGPM = Oil flow, gallons/minuteA = Inside area of pipe, sq. inches

fps = feet per second

Pump suction lines - 2 to 4 fpsPres. lines to 500 PSI - 10 to 15 fpsPres. lines to 3000 PSI - 15 to 20 fpsPres. lines over 3000 PSI - 25 fpsOil lines in air/oil system - 4 fps

T = Kw x 9543 ÷ RPMKw = T x RPM ÷ 9543RPM = Kw x 9543 ÷ T

T = Torque, Nm (Newton-metres)RPM = Speed, revs/minuteKw = Power in kilowatts

Kw = Bars x dm3/min ÷ 600

Kw = Power in kilowattsBars = System pressuredm3/min. = Flow, cu. dm/minute

N = A x Bars x 10

N = Cylinder force in NewtonsA = Piston area, sq. centimetresBars = Gauge pressure

S = V ÷ 6A

S = Travel speed, metres/sec.V = Oil flow dm3/minuteA = Piston area, sq. centimetres

P = 2t x S ÷ O

P = Burst pressure, barst = Pipe wall thickness, mmS = Tensile str., pipe mat’l, barsO = Outside diam. of pipe, mm

V - dm3/min ÷ 6A

V - Oil velocity, metres/seconddm3/min = Oil flow, cu.dm/minuteA = Inside area of pipe, sq. cm

mps = metres per second

Pump suction lines - .6 to 1.2 mpsPres. lines to 35 bar - 3 to 4 1/2 mpsPres. lines to 200 bar - 4 1/2 to 6 mpsPres. lines over 200 bar - 7 1/2 mpsOil lines in air/oil system - 1 1/4 mps

Fluid Power Formulaein SI Metric Units

Familiar fluid power formulae in English units are shown in the leftcolumn. When the industry has converted to SI (International) units, theseformulae will take the forms shown in the right column.

English Units Metric Units

Torque, HP, Speed Relations in Hydraulic Pumps & Motors

Hydraulic Power Flowing Through the Pipes

Force Developed by an Air or Hydraulic Cylinder

Travel Speed of a Hydraulic Cylinder Piston

Barlow’s Formula – Burst Pressure of Pipe & Tubing

Velocity of Oil Flow in Hydraulic Lines

Recommended Maximum Oil Velocity in Hydraulic Lines


83

API FLANGE AND RING JOINT DIMENSIONS

Flange Ring Groove Bolt Studs“Old” A

API Pressure Nom. Nom. Outside E Ring D BoltRating Size* Size Dia.* T* P or G* Width* No. Circle* No. Size* Length*

2000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 2 6 1/2 1 5/16 3 1/4 15/32 23 5 8 5/8 4 1/2(“R” or “RX” 2 9/16 2 1/2 7 1/2 1 7/16 4 15/32 26 5 7/8 8 3/4 5

Gasket) 3 1/8 3 8 1/4 1 9/16 4 7/8 15/32 31 6 5/8 8 3/4 5 1/44 1/16 4 10 3/4 1 13/16 5 7/8 15/32 37 8 1/2 8 7/8 67 1/16 6 14 2 3/16 8 5/16 15/32 45 11 1/2 12 1 7

9 8 16 1/2 2 1/2 10 5/8 15/32 49 13 3/4 12 1 1/8 811 10 20 2 13/16 12 3/4 15/32 53 17 16 1 1/4 8 3/4

13 5/8 12 22 2 15/16 15 15/32 57 19 1/4 20 1 1/4 916 3/4 16 27 3 5/16 18 1/2 15/32 65 23 3/4 20 1 1/2 10 1/421 1/4 20 32 3 7/8 23 17/32 73 28 1/2 24 1 5/8 11 3/4

3000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 2 8 1/2 1 13/16 3 3/4 15/32 24 6 1/2 8 7/8 6(“R” or “RX” 2 9/16 2 1/2 9 5/8 1 15/16 4 1/4 15/32 27 7 1/2 8 1 6 1/2

Gasket) 3 1/8 3 9 1/2 1 13/16 4 7/8 15/32 31 7 1/2 8 7/8 64 1/16 4 11 1/2 2 1/16 5 7/8 15/32 37 9 1/4 8 1 1/8 77 1/16 6 15 2 1/2 8 5/16 15/32 45 12 1/2 12 1 1/8 8

9 8 18 1/2 2 13/16 10 5/8 15/32 49 15 1/2 12 1 3/8 911 10 21 1/2 3 1/16 12 3/4 15/32 53 18 1/2 16 1 3/8 9 1/2

13 5/8 12 24 3 7/16 15 15/32 57 21 20 1 3/8 10 1/416 3/4 16 27 3/4 3 15/16 18 1/2 21/32 66 24 1/4 20 1 5/8 11 3/420 3/4 20 33 3/4 4 3/4 23 21/32 74 29 1/2 20 2 14 1/2

TYPE 6B FLANGE TYPE R TYPE RX

RING GASKET RING GASKET RING GASKET

TYPE BX TYPE 6BX FLANGEA E E

E

T

PD

A

T

GD

23˚

23˚

*Dimensions in inches

API 2,000 LB.3,000 LB.

84


API Pressure Nom. Nom. Outside E Ring D BoltRating Size* Size Dia.* T* P or G* Width* No. Circle* No. Size* Length*

5000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 2 8 1/2 1 13/16 3 3/4 15/32 24 6 1/2 8 7/8 6(“R” or “RX” 2 9/16 2 1/2 9 5/8 1 15/16 4 1/4 15/32 27 7 1/2 8 1 6 1/2

Gasket) 3 1/8 3 10 1/2 2 3/16 5 3/8 15/32 35 8 8 1 1/8 7 1/44 1/16 4 12 1/4 2 7/16 6 3/8 15/32 39 9 1/2 8 1 1/4 87 1/16 6 15 1/2 3 5/8 8 5/16 17/32 46 12 1/2 12 1 3/8 10 3/4

9 8 19 4 1/16 10 5/8 21/32 50 15 1/2 12 1 5/8 1211 10 23 4 11/16 12 3/4 25/32 54 19 12 1 7/8 13 3/4

API-BX 13 5/8 26 1/2 4 7/16 16.063 0.786 BX-160 23 1/4 16 1 5/8 12 1/25000 lb. WOG 16 3/4 30 3/8 5 1/8 18.832 0.705 BX-162 26 5/8 16 1 7/8 14 1/2(“BX” Gasket) 18 3/4 35 5/8 6 17/32 22.185 1.006 BX-163 31 5/8 20 2 17 1/2

21 1/4 39 7 1/8 24.904 1.071 BX-165 34 7/8 24 2 18 3/4

API-BX 1 13/16 7 3/8 1 21/32 3.062 0.466 BX-151 5 3/4 8 3/4 510,000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 7 7/8 1 47/64 3.395 0.498 BX-152 6 1/4 8 3/4 5 1/4(“BX” Gasket) 2 9/16 9 1/8 2 1/64 4.046 0.554 BX-153 7 1/4 8 7/8 6

3 1/16 10 5/8 2 19/64 4.685 0.606 BX-154 8 1/2 8 1 6 3/44 1/16 12 7/16 2 49/64 5.930 0.698 BX-155 10 3/16 8 1 1/8 85 1/8 14 1/16 3 1/8 6.955 0.666 BX-169 11 13/16 12 1 1/8 8 3/47 1/16 18 7/8 4 1/16 9.521 0.921 BX-156 15 7/8 12 1 1/2 11 1/4

9 21 3/4 4 7/8 11.774 1.039 BX-157 18 3/4 16 1 1/2 1311 25 3/4 5 9/16 14.064 1.149 BX-158 22 1/4 16 1 3/4 15

13 5/8 30 1/4 6 5/8 17.033 1.279 BX-159 26 1/2 20 1 7/8 17 1/416 3/4 34 5/16 6 5/8 18.832 0.705 BX-162 30 9/16 24 1 7/8 17 1/218 3/4 40 15/16 8 25/32 22.752 1.290 BX-164 36 7/16 24 2 1/4 22 1/221 1/4 45 9 1/2 25.507 1.373 BX-166 40 1/4 24 2 1/2 24 1/2


TYPE 6B FLANGE TYPE R TYPE RX

RING GASKET RING GASKET RING GASKET

TYPE BX TYPE 6BX FLANGEA E E

E

T

PD

A

T

GD

23˚

23˚

API 5,000 LB.10,000 LB.

85


API Pressure Nom. Nom. Outside E Ring D BoltRating Size* Size Dia.* T* P or G* Width* No. Circle* No. Size* Length*API-BX 1 13/16 8 3/16 1 25/32 3.062 0.466 BX-151 6 5/16 8 7/8 5 1/2

15,000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 8 3/4 2 3.395 0.498 BX-152 6 7/8 8 7/8 6(“BX” Gasket) 2 9/16 10 2 1/4 4.046 0.554 BX-153 7 7/8 8 1 6 3/4

3 1/16 11 5/16 2 17/32 4.685 0.606 BX-154 9 1/16 8 1 1/8 7 1/24 1/16 14 3/16 3 3/32 5.930 0.698 BX-155 11 7/16 8 1 3/8 9 1/47 1/16 19 7/8 4 11/16 9.521 0.921 BX-156 16 7/8 16 1 1/2 12 3/4

9 25 1/2 5 3/4 11.774 1.039 BX-157 21 3/4 16 1 7/8 15 3/411 32 7 3/8 14.064 1.149 BX-158 28 20 2 19 1/4

13 5/8 34 7/8 8 1/16 17.033 1.279 BX-159 30 7/8 20 2 1/4 21 1/418 3/4 45 3/4 10 1/16 22.752 1.290 BX-164 40 20 3 26 3/4

API-BX 1 13/16 10 1/8 2 1/2 3.062 0.466 BX-151 8 8 1 7 1/220,000 lb. WOG 2 1/16 11 5/16 2 13/16 3.395 0.498 BX-152 9 1/16 8 1 1/8 8 1/4(“BX” Gasket) 2 9/16 12 13/16 3 1/8 4.046 0.554 BX-153 10 5/16 8 1 1/4 9 1/4

3 1/16 14 1/16 3 3/8 4.685 0.606 BX-154 11 5/16 8 1 3/8 104 1/16 17 9/16 4 3/16 5.930 0.698 BX-155 14 1/16 8 1 3/4 12 1/47 1/16 25 13/16 6 1/2 9.521 0.921 BX-156 21 13/16 16 2 17 1/2

9 31 11/16 8 1/16 11.774 1.039 BX-157 27 16 2 1/2 22 3/811 34 3/4 8 13/16 14.064 1.149 BX-158 29 1/2 16 2 3/4 23 3/4

13 5/8 45 3/4 11 1/2 17.033 1.279 BX-159 40 20 3 1/8 30


API 15,000 LB.20,000 LB.

86 API TUBING TABLENominal Weight Threaded and Coupled

Coup. Outside Dia. Integral Joint Col- Internal Joint Yield StrengthTubing Size T & C Wall lapse Yield T & C Fill-Up

Non- T & C Int. Thick- Inside Drift Non- Upset Upset Drift Box Resis- Pres- Non- T & C Int. VolumeNom. O.D. Up. Upset JT ness Dia. Dia. Up. Reg. Spec. Dia. O.D. tance sure Up. Upset Jt. bbl/

in. in. lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft Grade in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. psi psi lb. lb. lb. 100 ft1.050 1.14 1.20 H-40 .113 .824 .730 1.313 1.660 7,200 7,530 6,360 13,300 .0801.050 1.14 1.20 J-55 .113 .824 .730 1.313 1.660 9,370 10,360 8,740 18.290 .0801.050 1.14 1.20 C-75 .113 .824 .730 1.313 1.660 12,250 14,120 11,920 24,940 .0801.050 1.14 1.20 N-80 .113 .824 .730 1.313 1.660 12,970 15,070 12,710 26,610 .0801.315 1.70 1.80 1.72 H-40 .133 1.049 .955 1.660 1.900 .955 1.550 6,820 7,080 10,960 19,760 15,970 .1071.315 1.70 1.80 1.72 J-55 .133 1.049 .955 1.660 1.900 .955 1.550 8,860 9,730 15,060 27,160 21,960 .1071.315 1.70 1.80 1.72 C-75 .133 1.049 .955 1.660 1.900 .955 1.550 11,590 13,270 20,540 37,040 29,940 .1071.315 1.70 1.80 1.72 N-80 .133 1.049 .955 1.660 1.900 .955 1.550 12,270 14,160 21,910 39,510 31,940 .1071.660 2.10 H-40 .125 1.410 1.286 1.880 5,220 5,270 22,180 .2051.660 2.30 2.40 2.33 H-40 .140 1.380 1.286 2.054 2.200 1.286 1.880 5,790 5,900 15,530 26,740 22,180 .1851.660 2.10 J-55 .125 1.410 1.286 1.880 6,790 7,250 30,500 .2051.660 2.30 2.40 2.33 J-55 .140 1.380 1.286 2.054 2.200 1.286 1.880 7,530 8,120 21,360 36,770 30,500 .1851.660 2.30 2.40 2.33 C-75 .140 1.380 1.286 2.054 2.200 1.286 1.880 9,840 11,070 29,120 50,140 41,600 .1851.660 2.30 2.40 2.33 N-80 .140 1.380 1.286 2.054 2.200 1.286 1.880 10,420 11,810 31,060 53,480 44,370 .1851.900 2.40 H-40 .125 1.650 1.516 2.110 4,450 4,610 26,890 .2641.900 2.75 2.90 2.76 H-40 .145 1.610 1.516 2.200 2.500 1.516 2.110 5,290 5,340 19,090 31,980 26,890 .2521.900 2.40 J-55 .125 1.650 1.516 2.110 5,790 6,330 36,970 .2641.900 2.75 2.90 2.76 J-55 .145 1.610 1.516 2.200 2.500 1.516 2.110 6,870 7,350 26,250 43,970 36,970 .2521.900 2.75 2.90 2.76 C-75 .145 1.610 1.516 2.200 2.500 1.516 2.110 8,990 10,020 35,800 59,960 50,420 .2521.900 2.75 2.90 2.76 N-80 .145 1.610 1.516 2.200 2.500 1.516 2.110 9,520 10,680 38,180 63,960 53,780 .2522.063 3.25 H-40 .156 1.751 1.657 2.325 5,240 5,290 35,690 .2982.063 3.25 J-55 .156 1.751 1.657 2.325 6,820 7,280 49,070 .2982.063 3.25 C-75 .156 1.751 1.657 2.325 8,910 9,920 66,910 .2982.063 3.25 N-80 .156 1.751 1.657 2.325 9,440 10,590 71,370 .2982.375 4.00 H-40 .167 2.041 1.947 2.875 4,880 4,920 30,130 .4292.375 4.60 4.70 H-40 .190 1.995 1.901 2.875 3.063 2.910 5,520 5,600 35,960 52,170 .3872.375 4.00 J-55 .167 2.041 1.947 2.873 6,340 6,770 41,430 .4292.375 4.60 4.70 J-55 .190 1.995 1.901 2.875 3.063 2.910 7,180 7,700 49,500 71,730 .3872.375 4.00 C-75 .167 2.041 1.947 2.875 8,150 9,230 56,500 .4292.375 4.60 4.70 C-75 .190 1.995 1.901 2.875 3.063 2.910 9,380 10,500 67,430 97,820 .3872.375 5.80 5.95 C-75 .254 1.867 1.773 2.875 3.063 2.910 12,180 14,040 96,560 126,940 .3382.375 4.00 N-80 .167 2.041 1.947 2.875 8,660 9,840 60,260 .4292.375 4.60 4.70 N-80 .190 1.995 1.901 2.875 3.063 2.910 9,940 11,200 71,930 104,340 .3872.375 5.80 5.95 N-80 .254 1.867 1.773 2.875 3.063 2.910 12,890 14,970 102,990 135,400 .3382.375 4.60 4.70 P-105 .190 1.995 1.901 2.875 3.063 2.910 13,250 14,700 94,410 136,940 .3872.375 5.80 5.95 P-105 .254 1.867 1.773 2.875 3.063 2.910 17,190 19,650 135,180 177,710 .338

3/4

1

1 1/4

1 1/2

2 1/16

2 3/8

87

API TUBING TABLENominal Weight Threaded and Coupled

Coup. Outside Dia. Integral Joint Col- Internal Joint Yield StrengthTubing Size T & C Wall lapse Yield T & C Fill-Up

Non- T & C Int. Thick- Inside Drift Non- Upset Upset Drift Box Resis- Pres- Non- T & C Int. VolumeNom. O.D. Up. Upset JT ness Dia. Dia. Up. Reg. Spec. Dia. O.D. tance sure Up. Upset Jt. bbl/

in. in. lb/ft lb/ft lb/ft Grade in. in. in. in. in. in. in. in. psi psi lb. lb. lb. 100 ft2.875 6.40 6.50 H-40 .217 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 5,230 5,280 52,780 72,480 .5172.875 6.40 6.50 J-55 .217 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 6,800 7,260 72,580 99,660 .5172.875 6.40 6.50 C-75 .217 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 8,900 9,910 98,970 135,900 .5172.875 8.60 8.70 C-75 .308 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 12,200 14,060 149,360 185,290 .4962.875 6.40 6.50 N-80 .217 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 9,420 10,570 105,570 144,960 .5172.875 8.60 8.70 N-80 .308 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 12,920 15,000 159,310 198,710 .4962.875 6.40 6.50 P-105 .217 2.441 2.347 3.500 3.668 3.460 12,560 13,870 138,560 190,260 .5172.875 8.60 8.70 P-105 .308 2.259 2.165 3.500 3.668 3.460 17,220 19,690 209,100 260,810 .4963.500 7.70 H-40 .216 3.068 2.943 4.250 4,070 4,320 65,070 .9993.500 9.20 9.30 H-40 .254 2.992 2.867 4.250 4.500 4.180 5,050 5,080 79,540 103,610 .8693.500 10.20 H-40 .289 2.922 2.797 4.250 5,680 5,780 92,550 .8293.500 7.70 J-55 .216 3.068 2.943 4.250 5,290 5,940 89,470 .9993.500 9.20 9.30 J-55 .254 2.992 2.867 4.250 4.500 4.180 6,560 6,980 109,370 142,460 .8693.500 10.20 J-55 .289 2.922 2.797 4.250 7,390 7,950 127,250 .8293.500 7.70 C-75 .216 3.068 2.943 4.250 6,690 8,100 122,010 .9993.500 9.20 9.30 C-75 .254 2.992 2.867 4.250 4.500 4.180 8,530 9,520 149,140 194,260 .8693.500 10.20 C-75 .289 2.922 2.797 4.250 9,660 10,840 173,530 .8293.500 12.70 12.95 C-75 .375 2.750 2.625 4.250 4.500 4.180 12,200 14,060 230,990 276,120 .7793.500 7.70 N-80 .216 3.068 2.943 4.250 7,080 8,640 130,140 .9993.500 9.20 9.30 N-80 .254 2.992 2.867 4.250 4.500 4.180 9,080 10,160 159,090 207,220 .8693.500 10.20 N-80 .289 2.922 2.797 4.250 10,230 11,560 185,100 .8293.500 12.70 12.95 N-80 .375 2.750 2.625 4.250 4.500 4.180 12,920 15,000 246,390 294,530 .7793.500 9.20 9.30 P-105 .254 2.992 2.867 4.250 4.500 4.180 12,110 13,330 208,800 271,970 .8693.500 12.70 12.95 P-105 .375 2.750 2.625 4.250 4.500 4.180 17,200 19,690 323,390 386,570 .7794.000 9.50 H-40 .226 3.548 3.423 4.750 3,580 3,960 72,000 1.2224.000 11.00 H-40 .262 3.476 3.351 5.000 4,420 4,580 123,070 1.1734.000 9.50 J-55 .226 3.548 3.423 4.750 4,650 5,440 99,010 1.2224.000 11.00 J-55 .262 3.476 3.351 5.000 5,750 6,300 169,220 1.1734.000 9.50 C-75 .226 3.548 3.423 4.750 5,800 7,420 135,010 1.2224.000 11.00 C-75 .262 3.476 3.351 5.000 7,330 8,600 230,750 1.1734.000 9.50 N-80 .226 3.548 3.423 4.750 6,120 7,910 144,010 1.2224.000 11.00 N-80 .262 3.476 3.351 5.000 7,780 9,170 246,140 1.1734.500 12.60 12.75 H-40 .271 3.958 3.833 5.200 5.563 3,930 4,220 104,360 144,020 1.5214.500 12.60 12.75 J-55 .271 3.958 3.833 5.200 5.563 5,100 5,800 143,500 198,030 1.5214.500 12.60 12.75 C-75 .271 3.958 3.833 5.200 5.563 6,430 7,900 195,680 270,040 1.5214.500 12.60 12.75 N-80 .271 3.958 3.833 5.200 5.563 6,810 8,430 208,730 288,040 1.521

2 7/8

3 1/2

4

4 1/2

88

METRIC API CASING DATA

DriftO.D. Weight I.D. I.D. Area Capacityin. lb/ft mm mm mm2 m3/100m

6.75 107.09 103.91 9032.24 .2738.64 104.75 101.57 8580.63 .2629.50 103.89 100.71 8451.60 .259

10.50 102.90 99.72 8322.56 .2544 1/2 11.00 102.26 99.09 8258.05 .251

11.60 101.60 98.43 8129.02 .24612.60 100.53 97.36 7935.47 .24213.50 99.57 96.39 7806.44 .23716.60 97.18 94.01 7419.34 .226

8.00 119.28 116.10 11161.27 .34011.50 115.82 112.65 10516.11 .32113.00 114.15 110.97 10193.53 .312

5 13.16 113.79 110.62 10193.53 .31015.00 111.96 108.79 9870.95 .30018.00 108.61 105.44 9290.30 .28321.00 105.51 102.34 8709.66 .266

9.00 131.88 128.70 13677.39 .41713.00 128.12 124.94 12903.20 .39314.00 127.30 124.13 12709.65 .38815.00 126.34 123.16 12516.10 .382

5 1/2 15.08 125.98 122.81 12451.59 .38015.50 125.73 122.56 12387.07 .37817.00 124.26 121.08 12193.52 .36920.00 121.36 118.19 11548.36 .35323.00 118.62 115.70 11032.24 .337

12.00 159.69 156.51 20064.48 .61213.00 158.88 155.70 19806.41 .60417.00 155.83 152.65 19096.74 .58218.33 154.56 151.38 18774.16 .57219.45 154.05 150.88 18645.12 .56820.00 153.64 150.47 18516.09 .56422.00 152.12 148.95 18193.51 .555

6 5/8 24.00 150.39 147.22 17741.90 .54225.20 151.51 148.34 18064.48 .55026.00 148.72 145.54 17419.32 .53126.50 148.26 145.08 17290.29 .52628.00 147.09 143.92 16967.71 .51829.00 146.41 143.23 16838.68 .51432.00 144.15 141.10 16322.55 .49834.00 142.11 138.94 15870.94 .483

13.00 168.96 165.79 22387.05 .68217.00 166.07 162.89 21677.38 .66019.41 164.08 161.16 21161.25 .64520.00 163.98 160.81 21096.73 .644

7 22.00 162.51 159.33 20709.64 .63123.00 161.70 158.52 20580.60 .62624.00 160.93 157.76 20322.54 .62026.00 159.41 156.24 19935.44 .60928.00 157.84 154.66 19548.35 .596

89

METRIC API CASING DATA

DriftO.D. Weight I.D. I.D. Area Capacityin. lb/ft mm mm mm2 m3/100m

29.00 157.07 153.90 19354.80 .59129.50 156.67 153.49 19290.28 .58830.00 156.31 153.14 19225.77 .58532.00 154.79 151.61 18838.67 .57433.70 153.62 150.44 18516.09 .564

7 34.00 153.42 150.24 18516.09 .56335.00 152.50 149.33 18258.03 .55635.30 152.40 149.23 18258.03 .55638.00 150.37 147.19 17741.90 .54040.00 148.23 145.06 17290.29 .526

20.00 180.98 177.80 25741.88 .78421.21 179.96 176.78 25419.30 .77424.00 178.44 175.26 25032.21 .76226.40 177.01 173.84 24645.11 .750

7 5/8 29.70 174.63 171.45 23935.44 .73033.70 171.83 168.66 23161.24 .70836.00 170.31 167.13 22774.15 .69538.00 169.04 165.86 22451.57 .68439.00 168.28 165.10 22258.02 .67745.00 163.70 160.53 21032.22 .641

20.00 208.05 204.88 33999.93 1.03724.00 205.66 202.49 33225.74 1.01325.55 205.00 201.83 33032.19 1.00624.96 204.85 201.68 32967.68 1.00528.00 203.63 200.46 32580.58 .99229.35 202.72 199.54 32258.00 .983

8 5/8 32.00 201.19 198.02 31806.39 .97032.40 201.09 197.92 31806.39 .96836.00 198.76 195.58 31032.20 .94638.00 197.49 194.36 30645.10 .93340.00 196.22 193.04 30258.00 .92244.00 193.68 190.50 29483.81 .89849.00 190.78 187.60 28580.59 .871

32.30 228.63 224.66 41032.18 1.25136.00 226.59 222.63 40322.50 1.22938.00 225.68 221.72 39999.92 1.22040.00 224.41 220.45 39548.31 1.205

9 5/8 42.00 223.49 219.53 39225.73 1.19643.50 222.38 218.41 38838.63 1.18447.00 220.50 216.54 38193.47 1.16453.50 216.79 213.08 36967.67 1.12658.00 214.25 210.54 36064.44 1.099

32.75 258.89 254.91 52645.06 1.60440.50 255.27 251.31 51161.19 1.56045.50 252.73 248.77 50193.45 1.529

10 3/4 51.00 250.19 246.23 49161.19 1.49955.50 247.90 243.94 48257.97 1.47160.70 245.36 241.40 47290.23 1.44065.70 242.82 238.86 46322.49 1.412

90

IMPERIAL API CASING DATA

DriftO.D. Weight I.D. I.D. Area Capacityin. lb/ft mm in. sq. in. bbl/100'

6.75 4.216 4.091 14.0 1.728.64 4.124 3.999 13.3 1.659.50 4.090 3.965 13.1 1.63

10.50 4.051 3.926 12.9 1.604 1/2 11.00 4.026 3.901 12.8 1.58

11.60 4.000 3.875 12.6 1.5512.60 3.958 3.833 12.3 1.5213.50 3.920 3.795 12.1 1.4916.60 3.826 3.701 11.5 1.42

8.00 4.696 4.571 17.3 2.1411.50 4.560 4.435 16.3 2.0213.00 4.494 4.369 15.8 1.96

5 13.16 4.480 4.355 15.8 1.9515.00 4.408 4.283 15.3 1.8918.00 4.276 4.151 14.4 1.7821.00 4.154 4.029 13.5 1.67

9.00 5.192 5.067 21.2 2.6213.00 5.044 4.919 20.0 2.4714.00 5.012 4.887 19.7 2.4415.00 4.974 4.849 19.4 2.40

5 1/2 15.08 4.960 4.835 19.3 2.3915.50 4.950 4.825 19.2 2.3817.00 4.892 4.767 18.9 2.3220.00 4.778 4.653 17.9 2.2223.00 4.670 4.555 17.1 2.12

12.00 6.287 6.162 31.1 3.8513.00 6.255 6.130 30.7 3.8017.00 6.135 6.010 29.6 3.6618.33 6.085 5.960 29.1 3.6019.45 6.065 5.940 28.9 3.5720.00 6.049 5.924 28.7 3.5522.00 5.989 5.864 28.2 3.49

6 5/8 24.00 5.921 5.796 27.5 3.4125.20 5.965 5.840 28.0 3.4626.00 5.855 5.730 27.0 3.3426.50 5.837 5.712 26.8 3.3128.00 5.791 5.666 26.3 3.2629.00 5.764 5.639 26.1 3.2332.00 5.675 5.550 25.3 3.1334.00 5.595 5.470 24.6 3.04

13.00 6.652 6.527 34.7 4.2917.00 6.538 6.413 33.6 4.1519.41 6.460 6.345 32.8 4.06

7 20.00 6.456 6.331 32.7 4.0522.00 6.398 6.273 32.1 3.9723.00 6.366 6.241 31.9 3.9424.00 6.336 6.211 31.5 3.9026.00 6.276 6.151 30.9 3.8328.00 6.214 6.089 30.3 3.75

91

IMPERIAL API CASING DATA

DriftO.D. Weight I.D. I.D. Area Capacityin. lb/ft mm in. sq. in. bbl/100'

29.00 6.184 6.059 30.0 3.7229.50 6.168 6.043 29.9 3.7030.00 6.154 6.029 29.8 3.6832.00 6.094 5.969 29.2 3.61

7 33.70 6.048 5.923 28.7 3.5534.00 6.040 5.915 38.7 3.5435.00 6.004 5.879 28.3 3.5035.30 6.000 5.875 28.3 3.5038.00 5.920 5.795 27.5 3.4040.00 5.836 5.711 26.8 3.31

20.00 7.125 7.000 39.9 4.9321.21 7.085 6.960 39.4 4.8724.00 7.025 6.900 38.8 4.7926.40 6.969 6.844 38.2 4.72

7 5/8 29.70 6.875 6.750 37.1 4.5933.70 6.765 6.640 35.9 4.4536.00 6.705 6.580 35.3 4.3738.00 6.655 6.530 34.8 4.3039.00 6.625 6.500 34.5 4.2645.00 6.445 6.320 32.6 4.03

20.00 8.191 8.066 52.7 6.5224.00 8.097 7.972 51.5 6.3725.55 8.071 7.946 51.2 6.3324.96 8.065 7.940 51.1 6.3228.00 8.017 7.892 50.5 6.2429.35 7.981 7.856 50.0 6.18

8 5/8 32.00 7.921 7.796 49.3 6.1032.40 7.917 7.792 49.3 6.0936.00 7.825 7.700 48.1 5.9538.00 7.775 7.625 47.5 5.8740.00 7.725 7.600 46.9 5.8044.00 7.625 7.500 45.7 5.6549.00 7.511 7.386 44.3 5.48

32.30 9.001 8.845 63.6 7.8736.00 8.921 8.765 62.5 7.7338.00 8.885 8.729 62.0 7.6740.00 8.835 8.679 61.3 7.58

9 5/8 42.00 8.799 8.643 60.8 7.5243.50 8.755 8.599 60.2 7.4547.00 8.681 8.525 59.2 7.3253.50 8.535 8.389 57.3 7.0858.00 8.435 8.289 55.9 6.91

32.75 10.192 10.036 81.6 10.0940.50 10.050 9.894 79.3 09.8145.50 9.950 9.794 77.8 09.62

10 3/4 51.00 9.850 9.694 76.2 09.4355.50 9.760 9.604 74.8 09.2560.70 9.660 9.504 73.3 09.0665.70 9.560 9.404 71.8 08.88

92

NORRIS SUCKER RODS SPECIFICATIONSMaximum Recommended Torque

For Norris Sucker Rods & Pony RodsAll torque values are ft. lbs.

Rod Grade D Grade D Grade D Special SpecialSize Carbon (54) Alloy (78) Special Alloy Service Service

(75) (96) (97)3/4" 430 460 470 500 5007/8" 675 735 750 800 8001" 1,010 1,100 1,110 1,200 1,200

1 1/8" N.A. 1,570 1,590 N.A. 1,700*1 1/4" N.A. 2,000 2,100 N.A. 2,500

* Exclusive to Alberta Oil Tool. A non-API drive rod specifically designedfor torsional application.

- Alberta Oil Tool recommends the use of a larger diameter rod to increasethe allowable torque, rather than the next higher grade.

- 1" Rods (Grade 78 & 75) with 7/8" connections have the same torquerating as conventional 1" rods.

- No derating factor for slimhole couplings.

- Values based on actual torsion test results.

Maximum Allowable TorqueFor Norris Polished RodsAll torque values are ft. lbs.

SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE

Piston NorloyRod Size (C1045) (8620) 431 SS 4140 Alloy1 1/4" 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,8001 1/2" 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,800

93

NORRIS SUCKER RODS CARE AND HANDLINGMaximum Recommended Weight

Indicator Pull on a Sucker Rod String

The following calculates the maximum rig weight indicator pull on a stuckrod string. The calculations are based on 90% of the minimum yield strength,converted into pounds, for a rod string in “like new” condition. Themaximum load should be reached by a straight, steady pull and not a shockload.

For a tapered string, calculate the total weight in pounds of all rods above thebottom section. Add to this weight the values in the table below for the rodtype and size of the bottom section. This is the maximum load that should bepulled on a rod string, the table values are the maximum pull.

ADDITIONAL WEIGHT INDICATOR

Rod Type Size Load in Pounds

Type 30 & 40 1" 42,4007/8" 32,4753/4" 23.8505/8" 16,560

Type 54, 75 & 78 1 1/4" 99,4001 1/8" 80,500

1" 63,6257/8" 48,7003/4" 35,7805/8" 24,850

Type 96 & 97 1 1/4" 127,0001 1/8" 102,880

1" 81,2507/8" 62,2003/4" 45,750

94 AXELSON SUCKER RODSAXELSON QUENCHED AND TEMPERED SUCKER RODS – Pump Area = 4.124 in2 max, SG = 1.0, SF = 0.9

Allowable Torque, 3/4" Rods500

450

400

350

Torq

ue(f

t-lb

f)

300

250

2000 1000 2000 3000

Well Depth(ft)

4000 5000 6000

Axelson S-88

Axelson S-87

Axelson S-67

Axelson S-60, S-59

Allowable Torque, 7/8" Rods800

750

700

650

Torq

ue(f

t-lb

f)

600

550

400

500

450

0 1000 2000 3000

Well Depth(ft)

4000 5000 6000

Axelson S-88

Axelson S-87

Axelson S-67

Axelson S-60, S-59

95

AXELSON SUCKER RODS

Allowable Torque, 1" Rods1200

1100

1000

900

Torq

ue(f

t-lb

f)

800

750

6000 1000 2000 3000

Well Depth(ft)

4000 5000 6000

Axelson S-88

Axelson S-87

Axelson S-67

Axelson S-60, S-59

Allowable Torque, 1-1/8" Rods1600

1500

1400

1300

Torq

ue(f

t-lb

f)

1200

1100

10000 1000 2000 3000

Well Depth(ft)

4000 5000 6000

Axelson S-88

Axelson S-87

Axelson S-67

Axelson S-60, S-59

96 SUCKER ROD COMPARISON CHARTMECHANICAL PROPERTIES (E. & O.E.)

Based on API Specification 11B

Yield TensileColor strength strength Elongation Reduction Brinel Heat

Manufacturer Type Code 1,000 psi 1,000 psi 8", % of area, % hardness Treatment

API GRADE C Carbon SteelAxelson S-60 White 90/105 100/115 13-20 55-65 207-235 Quenched & TemperedLTV 1 White 60/75 90/105 18-25 55-66 187-217 NormalizedNational-Oilwell C White 60/75 90/105 19-24 53-68 185-217 Heat TreatedNorris 30 White 68/80 100/110 18-23 45-65 210-230 NormalizedTrico C11 White 60/75 90/115 18-23 50-65 190-205 NormalizedUpco 35 White 90/115 Heat Treated

API GRADE K Nickel Moly AlloyAxelson S-59 Blue 90/105 100/115 13-20 55-65 207-235 Quenched & TemperedLTV 5 Blue 75/85 88/105 16-25 60-70 182-217 Normalized & TemperedNational-Oilwell K Blue 70/85 85/105 16-25 60-70 182-217 Heat TreatedNorris 40 Blue 70/80 90/100 14-18 60-70 175-207 Normalized & TemperedTrico K65 Blue 75/85 90/110 16Mn 60-70 180-220 Normalized & TemperedUpco 45 Blue 85/115 Heat Treated

NOTES:1. Information Sources API Specification 11B. 24th Edition 2. Color codes according to API Specification 11B, 24th Edition

LTV Sucker Rod Brochure P111, 10M-8/84 Grade C – WhiteNational-Oilwell Sucker Rod Bulletin 155, Rev. 111, 5/90 SL Grade K – BlueNorris Sucker Rod Brochure, Dec. 1, 1989 Grade D – Carbon Steel, BrownTrico Sucker Rod Brochure, TB-170/2-86 – Chrome-Moly, YellowUpco Sucker Rod Bulletin FAX 11-6-90 – Special, OrangeWorld Oil Sucker Rod Tables, March 1987

M or MD = Modified MN = Minimum Mx = Maximum T = Typical

97

SUCKER ROD COMPARISON CHARTMECHANICAL PROPERTIES (E. & O.E.)


Yield TensileColor strength strength Elongation Reduction Brinel Heat

Manufacturer Type Code 1,000 psi 1,000 psi 8", % of area, % hardness Treatment

API GRADE D Carbon Steel, Chrome-Moly Alloy and Special AlloyAxelson S-67 Brown 110/125 120/135 11/17 55-65 248-277 Quenched & TemperedAxelson S-87 Orange 115-130 125/140 12/17 55-65 248-280 Quenched & TemperedLTV 3 Yellow 95/110 115/135 10-13 50-60 235-270 Normalized & TemperedLTV 10 Orange 90Mn 115Mn 12-16 50-60 227-247 Normalized & TemperedNational-Oilwell D Yellow 95/110 115/135 10-13 50-60 235-280 Heat TreatedNational-Oilwell KD Orange 90Mn 115Mn 14-18 50-60 227 Mn Heat TreatedNorris 54 Brown 90/110 120/135 14-18 45-60 250-280 Normalized & TemperedNorris 78 Yellow 100/110 120/140 13-18 45-60 250-290 Normalized & TemperedNorris 90 Orange 90/100 115/125 14-18 40-60 240-260 Normalized & TemperedTrico D61 Yellow 90/110 115/140 10-15 50-65 241-280 Normalized & TemperedTrico D63 Orange 95Mn 115Mn 14Mn 50-60 227-260 Normalized & TemperedUpco 75 115/140 Heat TreatedUpco 95 115/140 Heat Treated

MISCELLANEOUS/SPECIAL SERVICEAxelson S-88 Red 130/145 140/155 11/17 50-65 285-311 Quenched & TemperedNational-Oilwell EL Induction case hardenedNorris 97 115/125 140/150 13-18 45-55 295-311 Normalized & TemperedUpco 50K Heat Treated


98 SUCKER ROD COMPARISON CHARTCHEMICAL ANALYSES (E. & O.E.)


Steel % % % % % % % % %Manufacturer Type Type Carbon Mang. Phos. Sulpher Silicon Nickel Chromium Moly Other

API GRADE C Carbon SteelAxelson S-60 1029Md .22-.29 1.00-1.32 .025Mx .04Mx .15-.30 .15Mx .20Mx .05Mx .35 Cu MxLTV 1 1536 .30-.37 1.20-1.50 .04Mx .05Mx .15-.30National-Oilwell C 1536 .33-.43 1.20-1.65 .04Mx .05Mx .15-.30Norris 30 C-1536M .34-.39 1.15-1.45 .04Mx .04Mx .20-.30 .35Mx .30Mx .06Mx .04-.07Va, .35MxCuTrico C11 1536 .30-.37 1.20-1.50 .04Mx .05Mx .20-.30Upco 35 1536*

API GRADE K Nickel Moly AlloyAxelson S-59 46XX .14-.21 .55-.75 .025Mx .035MX .15-.35 1.65-2.00 .20-.30LTV 5 4623Md .20-.25 .75-1.00 .04Mx .04Mx .20-.35 1.65-2.00 .20-.30National-Oilwell K 4621Md .20-.25 .75-1.00 .03Mx .04Mx .15-.30 1.65-2.00 .03Mx .20-.30Norris 40 A-4621M .20-.25 .60-.80 .035Mx .035MX .20-.30 1.65-2.00 .20MX .15-.25 .04-.07VA, .35MxCUTrico K65 4623 .20-.25 .75-1.00 .04Mx .04Mx .15-.30 1.65-2.00 .20-.30Upco 45 46XX*Generally manufactured from, but not restricted to AISI 1536 **Any composition which can be effectively heat treated to the minimum ultimate tensile strength

NOTES:1. Information Sources API Specification 11B. 24th Edition 2. Color codes according to API Specification 11B, 24th Edition

LTV Sucker Rod Brochure P111, 10M-8/84 Grade C – WhiteNational-Oilwell Sucker Rod Bulletin 155, Rev. 111, 5/90 SL Grade K – BlueNorris Sucker Rod Brochure, Dec. 1, 1989 Grade D – Carbon Steel, BrownTrico Sucker Rod Brochure, TB-170/2-86 – Chrome-Moly, YellowUpco Sucker Rod Bulletin FAX 11-6-90 – Special, OrangeWorld Oil Sucker Rod Tables, March 1987

M or MD = Modified MÑ = Minimum Mx = Maximum T = Typical

99

SUCKER ROD COMPARISON CHARTCHEMICAL ANALYSES (E. & O.E.)


Steel % % % % % % % % %Manufacturer Type Type Carbon Mang. Phos. Sulpher Silicon Nickel Chromium Molly Other

API GRADE D Carbon Steel, Chrome-Moly Alloy and Special AlloyAxelson S-67 1029Md .22-.29 1.00-1.32 .025Mx .04Mx .15-.30 .15Mx .20Mx .05Mx .35CuMxAxelson S-87 3130Md .22-.29 .71-1.00 .025Mx .035Mx .15-.35 .70-1.00 .41-.65 .05Mx .35CuMxLTV 3 4142H .39-.46 .65-1.10 .04Mx .04Mx .20-.30 .75-1.20 .20-.30LTV 10 Special .17-.22 .80-1.00 .35Mx .04Mx .15-.30 .90-1.50 .80-1.05 .22-.30 .02-.03Va, .40-.60CuNational-Oilwell D 4142Md .39-.46 .65-1.10 .04Mx .05Mx .20-.35 .75-1.20 .15-.30National-Oilwell Kd Special .18-.25 .60-1.05 .04Mx .04Mx .15-.35 .90-1.50 .60-1.05 .20-.30Norris 54 C-1541Vm .40-.45 1.35-1.55 .025Mx .030Mx .20-.30 .35Mx .30Mx .06Mx .07-.08Va, .35MxCuNorris 78 A-4142M .40-.45 .80-1.00 .035Mx .035Mx .20-.30 .45Mx .90-1.00 .15-.25 .02-.03Cb, .35MxCuNorris 90 A-4320M .18-.23 .80-1.00 .025Mx .025Mx .20-.30 1.15-1.50 .70-.90 .20-.30 .05-.07Va, .35MxCuTrico D61 4142 .40-.45 .75-1.00 .04Mx .04Mx .20-.30 .80-1.10 .15-.25Trico D63 Special .22-.28 .65-.95 .04Mx .04Mx .15-.30 1.20-1.50 .60-.90 .20-.30 .40-.70CuUpco 75 Carbon**Upco 95 Alloy**

MISCELLANEOUS/SPECIAL SERVICEAxelson S-88 3130Md .22-.29 .71-1.00 .025Mx .35Mx .15-.35 .70-1.00 .41-.65 .05Mx .35CuMxNational-Oilwell EL Special .35-.39 .75-.95 .025Mx .035Mx .15-.35 1.45-1.75 .80-1.00 .20-.30 .03-.05VaNorris 97 A-4340Sp .38-.43 .70-.90 .035Mx .040Mx .20-.35 1.65-2.00 .70-.90 .20-.30 .04-.07Va, .35MxCuUpco 50K Alloy*Generally manufactured from, but not restricted to AISI 1536 **Any composition which can be effectively heat treated to the minimum ultimate tensile strength


100 AXELSON SUCKER RODS MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED LOADS (IN POUNDS) FOR SUCKER RODS

ROD %ML ROD SIZE MAX. STRESSGRADE PL 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 P.S.I.

90 17499 25194 34257 44745 56658 5700080 15657 22542 30651 40035 50694 5100070 14275 20553 27946 36502 46221 4650060 13124 18895 25693 33559 42493 42750

S-59 50 12034 17326 23559 30772 38965 39200S-60 40 11021 15868 21576 28181 35685 35900

30 10208 14696 19983 26101 33050 3325020 9594 13812 18781 24531 31062 3125010 9095 13094 17804 23255 29447 296250 8596 12376 16828 21980 27832 2800090 19341 27846 37863 49455 62622 6300080 17422 25083 34107 44549 56409 5675070 15734 22652 30801 40231 50942 5125060 14352 20663 28097 36699 46469 46750

S-67 50 13278 19116 25993 33951 42990 43250S-87 40 12357 17790 24190 31596 40008 40250

30 11512 16575 22537 29437 37275 3750020 10745 15470 21035 27475 34790 3500010 10039 14453 19653 25669 32504 327000 9594 13812 18781 24531 31062 3125090 21643 31161 42370 55342 70077 7050080 19418 27956 38013 49651 62870 6325070 17652 25415 34557 45137 57155 5750060 16156 23260 31627 41310 52309 52625

S-88 50 14928 21492 29224 38170 48333 4862540 13815 19890 27045 35325 44730 4500030 12894 18564 25242 32970 41748 4200020 12050 17348 23589 30811 39014 3925010 11359 16354 22237 29045 36778 370000 10745 15470 21035 27475 34790 35000

HOW TO CUT ODD-ANGLE ELBOWS

ODD DEGREE LONG RADIUS ELBOWSO U T S I D E A R C

2 5/64 3/8 23/32 1 3/32 1 21/32 2 3/4 3 9/32

2 1/2 3/32 7/16 29/32 1 11/32 2 1/32 3 3/8 4 1/16

3 7/64 9/16 1 1/8 1 5/8 2 15/32 4 3/32 4 29/32

3 1/2 1/8 5/8 1 9/32 1 29/32 2 27/32 4 3/4 5 11/16

4 9/64 23/32 1 7/16 2 5/32 3 1/4 5 13/32 6 15/32

5 3/16 29/32 1 25/32 2 11/16 4 1/32 6 23/32 8 1/16

6 7/32 1 1/16 2 5/32 3 7/32 4 27/32 8 1/16 9 21/32

8 9/32 1 7/16 2 27/32 4 9/32 6 13/32 10 11/16 12 13/16

10 11/32 1 25/32 3 9/16 5 11/32 8 13 11/32 16

12 7/16 2 1/8 4 1/4 6 3/8 9 9/16 15 31/32 19 5/32

14 1/2 2 7/16 4 7/8 7 5/16 11 18 5/16 22

16 9/16 2 13/16 5 19/32 8 3/8 12 9/16 20 15/16 25 1/8

18 5/8 3 1/8 6 9/32 9 7/16 14 1/8 23 9/16 28 9/32

20 11/16 3 1/2 7 10 15/32 15 23/32 26 3/16 31 13/32

22 3/4 3 27/32 7 11/16 11 17/32 17 9/32 28 13/16 34 9/16

24 27/32 4 3/16 8 3/8 12 9/16 18 27/32 31 13/32 37 11/16

26 29/32 4 17/32 9 3/32 13 5/8 20 13/32 34 1/32 40 27/32

30 1 1/32 5 1/4 10 15/32 15 3/4 23 9/16 39 1/4 47 1/8

34 1 5/32 5 29/32 11 27/32 17 13/16 26 23/32 44 17/32 53 3/8

36 1 7/32 6 1/4 12 17/32 18 7/8 28 7/32 47 56 7/32

42 1 7/16 7 5/16 14 5/8 22 32 31/32 54 31/32 65 15/16

10˚

5˚1˚

A

AA

GG

FF

EE

DD

CC

BBB

CD

E

F

G15˚

22 ˚12/

˚12/37

45˚

A B C D E F GNOMSIZE

101

102

ODD DEGREE LONG RADIUS ELBOWSI N S I D E A R C

2 1/32 5/32 5/16 15/32 23/32 1 3/16 1 7/16

2 1/2 3/64 3/16 13/32 19/32 29/32 1 1/2 1 13/16

3 3/64 1/4 1/2 23/32 1 3/32 1 13/16 2 5/32

3 1/2 1/16 9/32 9/16 27/32 1 9/32 2 1/8 2 9/16

4 1/16 5/16 21/32 31/32 1 15/32 2 7/16 2 15/16

5 5/64 13/32 13/16 1 1/4 1 27/32 3 3/32 3 23/32

6 3/32 1/2 1 1 1/2 2 7/32 3 23/32 4 15/32

8 1/8 11/16 1 11/32 2 3 1/32 5 1/32 6 1/32

10 5/32 27/32 1 11/16 2 17/32 3 25/32 6 5/16 7 9/16

12 7/32 1 2 1/32 3 1/16 4 9/16 7 19/32 9 1/8

14 1/4 1 7/32 2 7/16 3 21/32 5 1/2 9 5/32 11

16 9/32 1 13/32 2 13/16 4 3/16 6 9/32 10 15/32 12 5/8

18 5/16 1 9/16 3 1/8 4 23/32 7 1/16 11 25/32 14 1/8

20 11/32 1 3/4 3 1/2 5 1/4 7 27/32 13 3/32 15 11/16

22 3/8 1 29/32 3 27/32 5 3/4 8 5/8 14 3/8 17 9/32

24 13/32 2 3/32 4 3/16 6 9/32 9 7/16 15 11/16 18 27/32

26 15/32 2 9/32 4 17/32 6 13/16 10 7/32 17 1/32 20 13/32

30 17/32 2 5/8 5 1/4 7 7/8 11 25/32 19 5/8 23 9/16

34 19/32 2 31/32 5 29/32 8 29/32 13 3/8 22 9/32 26 11/16

36 5/8 2 13/16 6 1/4 9 7/16 14 1/8 23 5/8 28 1/4

42 23/32 3 21/32 7 5/16 10 19/32 16 1/2 26 3/8 32 31/32

AA BB CC DD EE FF GGNOMSIZE

103

ALIGNMENT OF PIPEProper alignment is important if a piping system is to be correctly fabricated.Poor alignment may result in welding difficulties and a system that does notfunction properly.

Welding rings may be employed to assure proper alignment as well as thecorrect welding gap. In addition to using welding rings, some simple proce-dures can be followed to assist the pipe fitter. Below and on the following pageare alignment procedures commonly used by today’s craftsmen.

PIPE-TO-PIPE1 Level one length of pipe using

spirit level2 Bring lengths together leaving

only small welding gap3 Place spirit level over both

pipes as shown and maneuverunpositioned length until bothare level

4 Tack weld top and bottom5 Rotate pipe 90°6 Repeat procedure

45° ELBOW-TO-PIPE1 Level pipe using spirit level2 Place fitting to pipe leaving

small welding gap3 Place 45° spirit level on face of

elbow and maneuver elbowuntil bubble is centered

4 Tack weld in place

90° ELBOW-TO-PIPE1 Level pipe using spirit level2 Place fitting to pipe leaving

small welding gap3 Place spirit level on face of

elbow and maneuver elbowuntil level

4 Tack weld in place

104

TEE-TO-PIPE1 Level pipe using spirit level2 Place tee to pipe leaving small

welding gap3 Place spirit level on face of tee

and maneuver tee until level4 Tack weld in place

FLANGE-TO-PIPE1 Bring flange to pipe end

leaving small welding gap2 Align top two holes of flange

with spirit level3 Tack weld in place4 Center square on face of flange

as shown5 Tack weld in place6 Check sides in same way

JIG FOR SMALLDIAMETER PIPINGThe jig is made from channel iron3' 9" long. Use 1/8" x 1 1/2" forpipe sizes 1 1/4" thru 3"; 1 1/8" x3/4" for sizes 1" or smaller.

1 Cut out 90° notches about 9"from end.

2 Heat bottom of notch with torch3 Bend channel iron to 90° angle

and weld sides4 Place elbow in jig and saw half

thru sides of channel iron asshown. Repeat this step withseveral elbows so jig may beused for different operations.

5 A used hack saw blade placedin notch as shown will provideproper welding gap.

105

DRILL SIZES FOR PIPE TAPS

TAP AND DRILL SIZES(American Standard Coarse)

NUMBER NUMBEROF THREADS OF THREADS

PER INCH PER INCH

SIZE DIAM. SIZE DIAM.OF TAP OF DRILL OF TAP OF DRILL

1/8 27 11/32 2 11 1/2 2 3/16

1/4 18 7/16 2 1/2 8 2 9/16

3/8 18 37/64 3 8 3 3/6

1/2 14 23/32 3 1/2 8 3 11/16

3/4 14 59/64 4 8 4 3/16

1 11 1/2 1 5/32 4 1/2 8 4 3/4

1 1/4 11 1/2 1 1/2 5 8 5 5/16

1 1/2 11 1/2 1 49/64 6 8 6 5/16

SIZE OF SIZE OF THREADS SIZE OF SIZE OF THREADSDRILL TAP PER INCH DRILL TAP PER INCH

7 1/4 20 49/64 7/8 9

F 5/16 18 53/64 15/16 9

5/16 3/8 16 7/8 1 8

U 7/16 14 63/64 1 1/8 7

27/64 1/2 13 1 7/64 1 1/4 7

31/64 9/16 12 1 13/64 1 3/8 6

17/32 5/8 11 1 11/32 1 1/2 6

19/32 11/16 11 1 29/64 1 5/8 5 1/2

21/32 3/4 10 1 9/16 1 3/4 5

23/32 13/16 10 1 11/16 1 7/8 5

1 25/32 2 4 1/2

COATED ARC WELDING ELECTRODESTypes or Styles

A. W. S.Classification

E 60 10 DIRECT CURRENT, REVERSE POLARITY, ALL POSITIONS.

All purpose. Moderately smooth finish. Good penetration.

This is the electrode used for most carbon steel pipe welding.

E 60 11 ALTERNATING CURRENT, ALL POSITIONS.

All purpose. Moderately smooth finish. Good penetration.

E 60 12 DIRECT CURRENT, STRAIGHT POLARITY, ALL POSITIONS.

High bead. Smooth, Fast. “Cold rod”.

E 60 13 ALTERNATING CURRENT, ALL POSITIONS.

High bead. Smooth, Fast. “Cold rod”.

E 60 15 DIRECT CURRENT, REVERSE POLARITY, ALL POSITIONS.

“Low hydrogen” electrode.

E 60 16 DIRECT CURRENT, OR ALTERNATING CURRENT, ALL

POSITIONS.

“Low hydrogen” electrode.

E 60 18 DIRECT CURRENT, ALL POSITIONS.

“Low hydrogen” iron powder electrodes.

E 60 20 DIRECT CURRENT, STRAIGHT POLARITY, FLAT POSITION

ONLY.

Flat bead, Smooth. Fast. Deep penetration.

Can be used with A. C. also. “Hot rod”.

E 60 24 DIRECT CURRENT, STRAIGHT POLARITY OR ALTERNATING

CURRENT, FLAT POSITION ONLY.

E 60 27 Flat bead, Smooth. Fast. Deep penetration. “Iron powder electrodes”.

NOTE:

This information also applies to E 70, E 80, and E 100 Series.

The last two numbers (in bold type) designate the types or styles and the first

two numbers the minimum specified tensile strength in 1000 psi of the weld

deposit as welded.

and

106

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OFE60 AND E70 SERIES ELECTRODES

RED.AWS-ASTM TENS. YIELD ELONGATION IN AREAELECTRODE STRENGTH STRENGTH MIN. %

TYPICAL VALUES

E6010 62,000-70,000 52,000-58,000 22 to 28% 35

E6011 62,000-73,000 52,000-61,000

E6012 68,000-78,000 55,000-65,000 17 to 22% 25

MINIMUM VALUES

E7010 70,000 57,000 22

E7011 70,000 57,000 22

E7015 70,000 57,000 22

E7016 70,000 57,000 22

E7020 70,000 52,000 25

WELDING AND BRAZING TEMPERATURES

Carbon Steel Welding 2700-2790°F

Stainless Steel Welding 2490-2730°F

Cast Iron Welding 1920-2500°F

Copper Welding and Brazing 1980°F

Brazing Copper-Silicon with Phosphor-Bronze 1850-1900°F

Brazing Naval Bronze with Manganese Bronze 1600-1700°F

Silver Solder 1175-1600°F

Low Temperature Brazing 1175-1530°F

Soft Solder 200-730°F

Wrought Iron 2700-2750°F

107

108

Trouble Cause RemedyPower circuit dead. Check voltage.

Broken power lead. Repair.

Wrong supply voltage. Check nameplate against supply.

Open power switches. Close.

Blown fuses. Replace.

Overload relay tripped. Let set cool. Remove cause of overloading.

Open circuit to starter button. Repair.

Defective operating coil. Replace.

Mechanical obstruction in contactor. Remove.

Wrong motor connections. Check connection diagram.

Wrong supply voltage. Check nameplate against supply.

Rotor stuck. Try turning by hand.

Power circuit single-phased. Replace fuse; repair open line.

Starter single-phased. Check contact of starter tips.

Poor motor connection. Tighten.

Open circuit in windings. Repair.

Fuse too small. Should be two to three times rated motor current.

Short circuit in motor connections. Check starter and motor leads for insulation from ground andfrom each other.

TROUBLE-SHOOTING ARC WELDING EQUIPMENT

Welder will not start(Starter not operating)

Welder will not start(Starter operating)

Starter operates andblows fuse

109

Trouble Cause Remedy

Wrong relay heaters. Renewal part recommendations.

Welder overloaded. Considerable overload can be carried only for a short time.

Duty cycle too high. Do not operate continually at overload currents.

Leads too long or too narrow in Should be large enough to carry welding current withoutcross section. excessive voltage drop.

Power circuit single-phased. Check for one dead fuse or line.

Ambient temperature too high. Operate at reduced loads where temperature exceeds 100° F.

Ventilation blocked. Check air inlet and exhaust openings.

Current setting too high. Check setting and output with ammeter.

Polarity wrong. Check polarity, try reversing, or an electrode of opposite polarity.

Current too low. Check output, and current recommended for electrode being used.

Poor connections. Check all electrode-holder, cable, and ground-cable connections.Strap iron is poor ground return.

Cable too long or too small. Check cable voltage drop and change cable.

Frame not grounded. Ground solidly.

Any part of field circuit may be Find faulty contact and repair.short circuited or open circuited.


Welder runs but soonstops

Welder arc is loud andspatters excessively

Welding arc sluggish

Touching set gives shock

Generator control fails tovary current

110

Trouble Cause RemedyWrong direction of rotation. See INITIAL STARTING.

Brushes worn or missing. Check that all brushes bear on commutator with sufficient tension.

Brush connections loose. Tighten.

Open field circuit. Check connection to rheostat, resistor, and auxiliary brush studs.

Series field and armature circuit open. Check with test lamp or bell ringer.

Wrong driving speed. Check nameplate against speed of motor or belt drive.

Dirt, grounding field coils. Clean and reinsulate.

Welding terminal shorted. Electrode holder or cable grounded.

Electrode or ground connection loose. Clean and tighten all connections.

Poor ground. Check ground-return circuit.

Brushes worn off. Replace with recommended grade.Sand to fit. Blow out carbon dust.

Weak brush spring pressure. Replace or readjust brush springs.

Brush not properly fitted. Sand brushes to fit.

Brushes in backwards. Reverse.

Wrong brushes used. Renewal part recommendations.

Brush pigtails damaged. Replace brushes.

Rough or dirty commutator. Turn down or clean commutator.

Motor connection single-phased. Check all connections.


Welder starts but will notdeliver welding current

Welder generating butcurrent falls off whenwelding

111

SIZE

SIZE

SIZE SIZE SIZEINCREMENT LENGTH

A-1 B-22-5

FLUSH

HE

LD

WE

LD

SEE NOTES

SEE NOTE 5 OFFSET IFSTAGGERED

WELD ALLAROUNDPITCH OF

INCREMENTS

30° INCLUDED ANGLE 40°

ROOT OPENING ROOT OPENING

78 1 4

3 41 4 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 8

BOTH SIDESOF JOINT

ARROW (OR NEAR)SIDE OF JOINT

OTHER (OR FAR)SIDE OF JOINT

PLUGANDSLOT

FIELDWELD

WELDALL

AROUNDFLUSHGROOVE

TYPE OF WELD

SQUARE V U JBEVELBEAD FILLET

LOCATION OF WELDING

BASIC WELDING SYMBOLSARC AND GAS WELDING

1. In plan or elevation, near, far, and both sides, locations refer to nearestmember parallel to plane of drawing and not to others farther behind.

2. In section or end views only, when weld is not drawn, the side towhich arrow points is considered near side.

3. Welds on both sides are of same size unless otherwise shown.

4. Symbols govern to break in continuity of structure or to extent ofhatching or dimension lines.

5. Tail of arrow used for specification reference.

6. All welds are continuous and of user’s standard proportions and allexcept V. and bevel-grooved welds are closed unless otherwise shown.

7. When welds are drawn in section or end views, obvious information isnot given by symbol.

8. In joints in which one member only is to be grooved, arrows point tothat member.

112

SYMBOLS FOR PIPE FITTINGSCOMMONLY USED IN DRAFTING PRACTICE

113


114


115


116


117

MATERIAL SELECTION

Application Code: Body & Trim SealE-Excellent Materials MaterialsG-GoodF-FairU-Unsatisfactory

Acetic Acid U G E U E E G EAcetone E E E E E E U UAcetylene (Dry) E E E G E E G E

Air E E E E E E E EAlcohol Amyl G G E G G E G EAlcohol Butyl G G E E G E G E

Alcohol Ethyl Methyl G G E G E E G EAluminum Chloride F G E G G E G EAmines G E E E G E F F

Ammonia Anhydrous G E E U F E G UAmmonia (Aqueous) G E E U G E G FAmmonia Solutions G G E U G E G F

Ammonium Carbonate G G E G E E G EAmmonium Hydroxide G G E U E E E EAsphalt E E E E G E E E

Barium Carbonate F G G G E E E EBeet Sugar Liquors G G E G E E E EBenzaldehyde G E E E G E U F

Benzene (Benzol) G E E G G E U GBunker Oils (Fuels) G E E G E E E EButadiene G G E G E E E E

Butane G E E E E E E EButylene E E E E G E U ECarbon Disulfied F G G G G E U E

Carbon Dioxide (Dry) G E E E G E G ECarbonic Acid U G G F E E E ECastor Oil G G E E E E G E

Chlorine Gas (Dry) F G G G G E G GChlorobenzene (Dry) G G E G G E U ECrude Oil, Sweet G E E E E E E E

Crude Oil, Sour F G E F E E E ECutting Oils, Water G G E E E E E ECyclohexane G E E E G E F E

Diesel Fuels G E E E E E E EDiethylamine G E E E G E G GDowtherms G E E E G E U E

Drifting Mud G G E G E E E EEthane E E E E E E E EEthylene Glycol G G E G F E E E

Ethylene Oxide G G F F G E U FFish Oils G G E G G E G EFormaldehyde (Cold) F G E E G E G E

Freon (Dry) F G E G G E G GFuel Oils G E E E E E E EGas, Natural G G E G E E E E

Gas Odorizers G G E E E E E EGasoline (Leaded) G E E E E E G EGasoline (Unleaded) G E E E E E G E

Glue E E E G E E E EGlycerine/Glycerol G G E G F E E EGlycols G G E G F E G E

Hexane G E E E G G G EHydraulic Oils G G E E G E G EHydrogen G G E G E E E E

Hydrogen Sulfide (Dry) G G E F E E F EHydrogen Sulfide (Wet) F G G F G E U EIso-octane G E E E E E E E

Isopropyl Alcohol G E E G E E G EIsopropyl Ether G E E E G E E EJP-5 Fuel E E E E E E E E

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Body & Trim SealMaterials Materials

Kerosene E E E E E E E EKetones E E E E G E U FLinseed Oil E E E E E E G E

Liquified Pet. Gas G E E E E E E ELubricating Oil E E E E E E E EMagnesium Hydroxide G G E F E E E E

Methane E E E E E E E EMethyl Acetone G E E E F E U FMethylamine G G G U F E F F

Methyl Ethyl Ketone E E E E G E U FMineral Oil G G E G E E E EMolasses E E E E E E E E

Naphtha G E E E E E E ENaphthaline G E E E E E F ENitric Acid F G G U U E U E

Nitrogen E E E E E E E EOils, Animal E E E E E E E EOxygen G E E E E E E E

Ozone (Dry) G E E E G E G EPaints & Solvents E E E E F E F GParaffin E E E E E E E E

Pentane G E E E E E E EPhenol U G G F U E U GPotassium Chloride F E E E E E E E

Potassium Cyanide G G G F E E E EPotassium Hydroxide G G G U G E E EPotassium Nitrate G G E F E E E E

Propane G E E E E E E EPropylene Glycol G E E G F E E ESoap Solutions F G E E E E E E

Sodium Acetate F G G G E E E FSocium Carbonate F G E G E E E ESodium Chloride U F G G E E E E

Sodium Cyanide F G E U E E E ESodium Hydroxide 5% F F E U G E E GSodium Hydroxide 50% U F G U G E G G

Sodium Nitrate F G E G E E E ESodium Perborate F G E F G E G ESodium Phosphate F G E G E E E E

Sodium Silicate F G E G E E E ESodium Sulfate F G E G E E E ESodium Sulfide F G E F G E G E

Sodium Sulfite F G F G E E E ESteam* G E E E U E F UStyrene G E E E U E U G

Sulpher Dioxide (Dry) F G E G G E F ESulphur Trioxide (Dry) F G E G G E F GTall Oil F G E G E E E E

Tar G E E E G E G EToluene/Toluol G E E E F E U GTransformer Oil G E E G E E E E

Tributyl Phosphate F G E G G E G GTurpentine F G E G G E F EWater, Salt U U E F E E E E

Waxes E E E E E E E EXylene (Dry) G E E E G E U GZinc Chloride F G G F G E G G

Zinc Sulphate F E E G E E E E

* EPT seals recommended for steam service.

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FRAME Fig. FLANGENO. NO. AJ AK BB BC BD BF P T M AG C

284TC 9 10 1/2 1/4 –1/4 11 1/2-13 14 1/2 3 9 3/4 21 3/4 26 1/8

284TSC 9 10 1/2 1/4 –1/4 11 1/2-13 14 1/2 3 9 3/4 22 1/8 25 1/8

286TC 2 9 10 1/2 1/4 –1/4 11 1/2-13 14 1/2 3 10 1/2 23 1/4 27 5/8

286TSC 9 10 1/2 1/4 –1/4 11 1/2-13 14 1/2 3 10 1/2 23 5/8 26 5/8

324TC a 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 13 5/8-11 15 1/2 3 10 3/4 24 3/8 29 3/8

324TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 13 5/8-11 15 1/2 3 10 3/4 24 3/4 28 1/4

326TC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 13 5/8-11 15 1/2 3 11 1/2 25 7/8 30 7/8

326TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 13 5/8-11 15 1/2 3 11 1/2 26 1/4 29 3/4

364TC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 14 5/8-11 17 1/2 3 11 3/4 26 5/8 32 1/4

364TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 14 5/8-11 17 1/2 3 11 3/4 27 30 1/2

365TC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 14 5/8-11 17 1/2 3 12 1/4 27 5/8 33 1/4

365TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 14 5/8-11 17 1/2 3 12 1/4 28 31 1/2

404TC 2 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 15 1/2 5/8-11 19 1/8 3 9/16 13 32 7/16 39 7/16

404TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 15 1/2 5/8-11 19 1/8 3 9/16 13 33 5/16 37 5/16

405TC b 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 15 1/2 5/8-11 19 1/8 3 9/16 13 3/4 33 15/16 40 15/16

405TSC 11 12 1/2 1/4 –1/4 15 1/2 5/8-11 19 1/8 3 9/16 13 3/4 34 13/16 38 13/16

444TC 14 16 1/4 –1/4 18 5/8-11 22 1/16 4 3/8 15 38 7/16 46 11/16

444TSC 14 16 1/4 –1/4 18 5/8-11 22 1/16 4 3/8 15 39 43 1/2

445TC 14 16 1/4 –1/4 18 5/8-11 22 1/16 4 3/8 16 40 7/16 48 11/16

445TSC 14 16 1/4 –1/4 18 5/8-11 22 1/16 4 3/8 16 41 45 1/2

Fig 1. (143TC - 256 TC)

① ➄

ELECTRIC MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS

118

KEY WAY CONCUIT BOX SHAFT BEARINGSFRAME KEY EXTENSIONS DRIVE OPP.D

NO. WIDTH DEPTH LENGTH AA AB AC AF AH U V END END

284TC 1/2 1/4 3 1/4 1 1/2 12 10 1/4 3 1/2 4 3/8 1 7/8 4 3/8 6310 6310

284TSC 3/8 3/16 1 7/8 1 1/2 12 10 1/4 3 1/2 3 1 5/8 3 6310 6310

286TC 1/2 1/4 3 1/4 1 1/2 12 10 1/4 3 1/2 4 3/8 1 7/8 4 3/8 6310 6310

286TSC 3/8 3/16 1 7/8 1 1/2 12 10 1/4 3 1/2 3 1 5/8 3 6310 6310

324TC 1/2 1/4 3 7/8 2 13 3/4 11 7/8 5 1/2 5 2 1/8 5 6312 6312

324TSC 1/2 1/4 2 2 13 3/4 11 7/8 5 1/2 3 1/2 1 7/8 3 1/2 6312 6312

326TC 1/2 1/4 3 7/8 2 13 3/4 11 7/8 5 1/2 5 2 1/8 5 6312 6312

326TSC 1/2 1/4 2 2 13 3/4 11 7/8 5 1/2 3 1/2 1 7/8 3 1/2 6312 6312

364TC 5/8 5/16 4 1/4 3 14 5/8 12 5/8 5 1/2 5 5/8 2 3/8 5 5/8 6314 6312

364TSC 1/2 1/4 2 3 14 5/8 12 5/8 5 1/2 3 1/2 1 7/8 3 1/2 6312 6312

365TC 5/8 5/16 4 1/4 3 14 5/8 12 5/8 5 1/2 5 5/8 2 3/8 5 5/8 6314 6312

365TSC 1/2 1/4 2 3 14 5/8 12 5/8 5 1/2 3 1/2 1 7/8 3 1/2 6312 6312

404TC 3/4 3/8 5 5/8 3 15 9/16 13 5/8 5 1/2 7 2 7/8 7 6317 6313

404TSC 1/2 1/4 2 3/4 3 15 9/16 13 5/8 5 1/2 4 2 1/8 4 6313 6313

405TC 3/4 3/8 5 5/8 3 15 9/16 13 5/8 5 1/2 7 2 7/8 7 6317 6313

405TSC 1/2 1/4 2 3/4 3 15 9/16 13 5/8 5 1/2 4 2 1/8 4 6313 6313

444TC 7/8 7/16 6 7/8 3 21 1/4 16 1/2 8 5/8 8 1/4 3 3/8 8 1/4 6318 6318

444TSC 5/8 5/16 3 3 21 1/4 16 1/2 8 5/8 4 1/2 2 3/8 4 1/2 6313 6313

445TC 7/8 7/16 6 7/8 3 21 1/4 16 1/2 8 5/8 8 1/4 3 3/8 8 1/4 6318 6318

445TSC 5/8 5/16 3 3 21 1/4 16 1/2 8 5/8 4 1/2 2 3/8 4 1/2 6313 6313

Fig 2. (284TC - 445TC)

➂

② ➃

ELECTRIC MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS

119

WIRE SELECTION GUIDETwo important considerations in choosing the conductor size for electric wiring are:

(1), the safe current carrying capacity, and (2), the voltage loss due to wire resistance. Onshort runs, say up to 20 feet, voltage loss is very low and need not be considered. Wiresize should be selected for its current capacity as shown in Chart 1.

On longer runs, several hundred feet or more, the voltage loss may be too high if wiresize is selected solely on the basis of current capacity. A larger wire size should be usedto keep voltage loss to a selected minimum. Chart 2 may be used for this.

PERMISSIBLE VOLTAGE LOSS ...There is always a voltage loss on any wiring run. The designer must decide on how

much loss can be tolerated without seriously affecting performance, and must select awire size in which this loss will not be exceeded. A rule-of-thumb suggests that electricmotors should not be run on a voltage less than about 10% of their nameplate rating. Indeciding on allowable voltage loss in the wiring, a designer must consider the minimumavailable power line voltage which may occur at a certain time of the day. For example,a 230-volt rated motor should not be run on less than 208 volts (which is 10% less thannameplate voltage rating). If the lowest power line voltage is 220 volts, then the wiringshould not have more than 12 volts loss.

A rule that works in most cases is to choose a wire size which does not give morethan a 5% loss of input voltage.

CHART 1 - WIRE AMPACITY FOR SHORT WIRING RUNS“Ampacity” is an abbreviation for ampere capacity. This chart is for short wiring runs

of less than 20 feet. Ampere capacity is taken from the NEC (National Electrical Code)on wire sizes of No. 14 and larger. It is for insulated copper wire of the kind that iswidely used for house and building wiring. A larger ampere capacity is allowed on wirewith certain types of insulation when used under certain conditions, but the NEChandbook should be consulted.

AMPERAGE RATING FOR COPPER WIRESWire size, B & S 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 3 2 1 0 00 000In raceway or cable 6 9 15 20 30 40 55 70 80 95 110 125 145 165In open air 8 12 20 25 40 55 80 105 120 140 165 195 225 260

CHART 2 - VOLTAGE LOSS ON LONG WIRING RUNSThis chart is for long wiring runs of several hundred feet or more. To use the chart,

several facts must be established: (1), the current draw of the device to be operated mustbe determined; (2), the amount of voltage loss that can be tolerated must be decided on;(3), the length of wire must be estimated or measured, using the sum of outgoing andreturn wire lengths.

On 3-phase devices such as electric motors, each of the three wires must carry thecurrent shown on the motor nameplate. Wire length is the sum of two (not all three)connecting wires.

Reading across the top of the chart to find the column which matches the amperagerating of the device. Figures in this column show voltage losses for 1000 feet of wireoutgoing plus return. If for example, your total wire length was 250 feet, voltage losseswould be 1/4th that shown in the chart.

FIGURES IN CHART SHOW VOLTAGE LOSS PER 1000 FEET OF WIREWireSize Current Flow, AmperesB & S 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 10018 32.55 - - - - - - - - -16 20.47 40.94 - - - - - - - -14 12.88 25.75 38.63 - - - - - - -12 8.095 16.19 24.28 32.38 - - - - -10 5.090 10.18 15.27 20.36 25.45 30.54 - - - -8 3.203 6.405 9.608 12.81 16.02 19.22 25.62 - - -6 2.014 4.028 6.042 8.056 10.07 12.08 16.11 20.14 - -4 1.267 2.533 3.800 5.068 6.335 7.602 10.14 12.68 - -3 1.005 2.009 3.014 4.020 5.025 6.030 8.040 10.05 15.08 -2 - 1.593 2.390 3.184 3.980 4.776 6.368 7.960 11.94 -1 - 1.260 1.896 2.528 3.160 3.792 5.056 6.320 9.480 12.640 - 1.002 1.503 2.004 2.505 3.006 4.008 5.010 7.515 10.0200 - - 1.193 1.592 1.990 2.388 3.184 3.980 5.970 7.960000 - - - 1.262 1.575 1.890 2.520 3.150 4.725 6.3000000 - - - 1.000 1.250 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.750 5.000

120

Full load current and suggested wiring and fuse sizes for standard 3-phase squirrelcage induction motors, 60 Hz., normal torque, Class B insulation, 1.15 servicefactor.

Current values shown in this chart are average values compiled from data published by severalmotor manufacturers. They could be high or low for a specific motor. For selection of heater coils formagnetic motor starters the selection should be made on the basis of the current rating on the motornameplate rather than from this table.

Wire sizes and fuse sizes are listed for reference only, and may vary with type of insulation, numberof conductors in a cable, etc. For new design, requirements of the NEC (National Electrical Code)should be followed. In some cases it may be necessary to use delayed action fuses to properly protectthe wiring, and yet to avoid fuse blowing while motor is starting.

230-Volt Service 460-Volt ServiceHP Speed F.L. Wire Fuse F.L. Wire Fuse

Amps. Size Amps. Amps. Size Amps.(230v) (230v) (230v) (460v) (460v) (460v)

1 1200 3.76 14 10 1.88 14 61 1800 3.56 14 10 1.78 14 61 3600 2.80 14 10 1.40 14 61 1/2 1200 5.28 14 15 2.64 14 101 1/2 1800 4.86 14 15 2.43 14 101 1/2 3600 4.36 14 15 2.18 14 102 1200 6.84 14 20 3.42 14 102 1800 6.40 14 20 3.20 14 102 3600 5.60 14 20 3.80 14 103 1200 10.2 14 25 5.12 14 153 1800 9.40 14 25 4.70 14 153 3600 8.34 14 25 4.17 14 155 1200 15.8 12 30 7.91 14 205 1800 14.4 12 30 7.21 14 205 3600 13.5 12 30 6.76 14 207 1/2 1200 21.8 10 40 10.9 14 207 1/2 1800 21.5 10 40 10.7 14 207 1/2 3600 19.5 10 40 9.79 14 2010 1200 28.0 8 60 14.0 12 3010 1800 26.8 8 60 13.4 12 3010 3600 25.4 8 60 12.7 12 3015 1200 41.4 6 80 20.7 10 4015 1800 39.2 6 80 19.6 10 4015 3600 36.4 6 80 18.2 10 4020 1200 52.8 4 110 26.4 8 6020 1800 51.2 4 110 25.6 8 6020 3600 50.4 4 110 25.2 8 6025 1200 65.6 3 120 32.8 6 8025 1800 64.8 3 120 32.4 6 8025 3600 60.8 3 120 30.4 6 8030 1200 78.8 1 150 39.4 6 8030 1800 75.6 1 150 37.8 6 8030 3600 73.7 1 150 36.8 6 8040 1200 102 0 200 50.6 4 11040 1800 101 0 200 50.4 4 11040 3600 96.4 0 200 48.2 4 11050 1200 126 000 250 63.0 3 12050 1800 124 000 250 62.2 3 12050 3600 120 000 250 60.1 3 12060 1200 150 000 300 75.0 2 15060 1800 149 000 300 74.5 2 15060 3600 143 000 300 71.7 2 15075 1200 184 300 350 92.0 0 20075 1800 183 300 350 91.6 0 20075 3600 179 300 350 89.6 0 200100 1200 239 500 500 120 000 250100 1800 236 500 500 118 000 250100 3600 231 500 500 115 000 250125 1200 298 - - 149 0000 300125 1800 293 - - 147 0000 300125 3600 292 - - 146 0000 300150 1200 350 - - 174 300 350150 1800 348 - - 174 300 350150 3600 343 - - 174 300 350200 1200 460 - - 230 500 500200 1800 452 - - 226 500 500

121

122

PUMPJACK ENGINE SPECIFICATION CHARTSPECIFICATIONS 4 CYCLE ENGINES 2 CYCLE ENGINES

C-46 C-66 C-96 C-106 C-255 L-795 L-1770 L-2165 L-2165-FIRated Continuous HP at 10 HP 800 RPM 14 HP 700 RPM 20 HP 600 RPM 32 HP 800 RPM 55 HP 750 RPM 65 HP 600 RPM 125 HP 475 RPM 155 HP 475 RPM 200 HP 149 KWMax Continuous RPM 7.5 KW 10.4 KW 14.9 KW 23.9 KW 41.5 KW 48.5 KW 93.2 KW 115.6 KW 475 RPM

5" X 6 1/4" 5 3/4" X 7 1/2" 7" X 8 1/2" 7 1/2" X 8 1/2" 7 1/2" X 7 1/2" 7 1/2" X 9" 9 1/2" X 12 1/2" 10 1/2" X 12 1/2" 10 1/2" X 12 1/2"Bore & Stroke 127 x 159MM 146 X 190.5MM 178 X 216MM 190.5 X 216MM 190.5 X 190.5MM 190.5 X 228.6MM 241.3 X 317.5MM 266.7 X 317.5MM 266.7 X 317.5

122.7 C.I. 195 C.I. 327 C.I. 376 C.I. 660 C.I. 795 C.I. 1770 C.I. 2165 C.I. 2165 C.I.Displacement 2 Liters 3.3 Liters 5.5 Liters 6.4 Liters 11.2 Liters 13.0 Liters 29.0 Liters 35.5 Liters 35.5

Compression Ration 4.8:1 5.2:1 4.8:1 6.2:1 7:1 5.3:1 5.5:1 5.3:1 5.3:1

RMP Range 400-800 350-700 300-600 300-800 400-750 300-600 200-475 200-475 200-475

WR2 (Spoke Flywheel) 290 LB FT2 600 LB FT2 1600 LB FT2 1760 LB FT2 1430 LB FT2 1760 LB FT2 5077 LB FT2 5077 LB FT2 5077 LB FT2

Moment of Inertia 12.18 Kg-M2 25.20 Kg-M2 67.20 Kg-M2 73.92 Kg-M2 60.06 Kg-M2 73.92 Kg-M2 213.23 Kg-M2 213.23 Kg-M2 213.23 Kg-M2

WR2 (QD Flywheel) 1850 LB FT2 1850 LB FT2

Moment of Inertia 77.88 Kg-M2 77.88 Kg-M2

1 7/16" 2 1/4" 2 1/4" 2 1/4" 3" 3" 3 1/2" 3 15/16" 3 15/16"P.T.O. Shaft Size 36.5MM 57.2MM 57.2MM 57.2MM 76.2MM 76.2MM 88.9MM 100MM 100MM

7 QTS**** 7 QTS**** 11 QTS**** 11 QTS**** 25 QTS**** 7 GAL**** 20 GAL**** 20 GAL**** 20 GAL****Oil Capacity 6.6 Liters 6.6 Liters 10.4 Liters 10.4 Liters 23.7 Liters 26.5 Liters 75.7 Liters 75.7 Liters 75.7

12 QTS 16 QTS 20 QTS 20 QTS 9 GAL 14 GAL 23 GAL 25 GAL 25 GALWater Capacity 11.4 Liters 15.1 Liters 18.9 Liters 18.9 Liters 34.1 Liters 53 Liters 87 Liters 94.6 Liters 94.6

Spark Plug Size 18MM 18MM 18MM 18MM 18MM 7/8"-18 7/8"-18 7/8"-18 7/8"-18

Exhaust Connection 1 1/2" NPT 2" NPT 2 1/2" NPT 2 1/2" NPT 2 1/2" NPT 4" FLANGED 6" FLANGED 6" FLANGED 6" FLANGED

Fuel Gas Pipe Size 1/2" NPT 1/2" NPT 1/2" NPT 3/4" NPT 3/4" NPT 1" NPT 1 1/4" NPT 1 1/4" NPT 1 1/4" NPT

Number & SizeMounting Bolts 4 3/4" 4 3/4" 4-1" 4-1" 4-1" 4-1" 6-1" 6-1" 6-1"

Shipping 1360 LB 1640 LB 2580 LB 2690 LB 4510 LB 4500 LB 9800 LB 10250 LB 11000 LBWeight 617 KG 744 KG 1170 KG 1220 KG 2045 KG 2041 KG 4445 KG 4649 KG 4989 KGTruck Load QTY** 24 22 16 16 10 10 4 4 4

Safety Controls STANDARD: Water Level, Oil Pressure & Overspeed *** Standard: Water Level, Oil Temperature and Pressure & Overspeed

Ignition Starfire System Altronic Altronic

Fuel Gaseous* Gaseous*

Fuel System Impco Type Car. Impco Type Car.

Lubrication Full Pressure Full Pressure

Replaceable ReplaceableFiltration-Oil Full Flow Filter Full Flow Filter

Clutch-P.T.O. C-107-SP-5 C-110-HP-4 C-110-HP-3 SP-111-HP-3 SP-114-P1 SPE-114-PO SPE-314-PO SPE-314-PO SPE-314-PO

Arrow Portable Ring Gear Ring Gear Ring Gear 12-volt Std. 12-volt Std. Air Valve Std. Air Valve Std. Air Valve Std.Starting Opt. Standard Standard Standard Air Motor Air Valve Std. 24-volt Opt. 24-volt Opt. 24-volt Opt.Equipment Str. Opt. Air Motor Air Motor Air Motor Air Motor

Str. Opt. Str. Opt. Str. Opt. Str. Opt.

*INCLUDES: GASOLINE **45 ft TRUCK BED ***INCLUDES: OVERSPEED ON C-255 ****FOR OIL FILTER CHANGES ADD: 1 QT. ON C-SERIES 2 QTS. ON L-SERIES

123

TEMPERATURE DATA CHART

MELTING POINTS

This chart contains basic

information on working

with metals at elevated

temperatures. The most

commonly used metals are

listed.

TEMPERATURE COLORSCALE

Another use for the chart is

in estimating the

temperature of metals by

color when no heat

measuring devices are

available. Using the chart is,

in most cases, faster, while

maintaining a good degree

of accuracy.

CONVERSION DATA

A ready means for

converting fahrenheit to

centigrade is also provided.

124

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF GASES

Dry Air (1 cu. ft. at 60˚F. and 29.92" Hg. weighs .07638 pound) ............................. 1.000

Acetylene ................................................. C2H2 ......................................................... 0.91Ethane ...................................................... C2H6 ......................................................... 1.05Methane ................................................... CH4 ........................................................ 0.554Ammonia ................................................. NH3 ........................................................ 0.596Carbon-dioxide ........................................ CO2 .......................................................... 1.53Carbon-monoxide .................................... CO ......................................................... 0.967Butane ...................................................... C4H10 ..................................................... 2.067Butene ...................................................... C4H8 ......................................................... 1.93Chlorine ................................................... Cl2 .......................................................... 2.486Helium ..................................................... He .......................................................... 0.138Hydrogen ................................................. H2 ......................................................... 0.0696Nitrogen ................................................... N2 ......................................................... 0.9718Oxygen ..................................................... O2 ......................................................... 1.1053

SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF LIQUIDS

TEMPLIQUID ˚F SPECIFIC GRAVITY

Water (1 cu.-ft. weighs 62.41 lb.) 50 1.00Brine (Sodium Chloride 25%) 32 1.20Pennsylvania Crude Oil 80 0.85Fuel Oil No. 1 and 2 85 0.95Gasoline 80 0.74Kerosene 85 0.82Lubricating Oil SAE 10-20-30 115 0.94

TYPICAL BTU VALUES OF FUELSASTM BANK

SOLIDS BTU VALUES PER POUND

Anthracite Class I ................................................................................. 11,230Bituminous Class II Group 1 ................................................................ 14,100Bituminous Class II Group 3 ................................................................ 13,080Sub-Bituminous Class III Group 1 ....................................................... 10,810Sub-Bituminous Class III Group 2 ......................................................... 9,670

LIQUIDS BTU VALUES PER GAL.

Fuel Oil No. 1 ..................................................................................... 136,000Fuel Oil No. 2 ..................................................................................... 138,000Fuel Oil No. 4 ..................................................................................... 145,000Fuel Oil No. 5 ..................................................................................... 148,000Fuel Oil No. 6 ..................................................................................... 152,000

GASES BTU VALUES PER CU. FT.

Natural Gas ......................................................................................... 935 to 1132Producers Gas ..................................................................................... 163Illuminating Gas ................................................................................. 534Mixed (Coke oven and water gas) ...................................................... 545

Value for natural gas from “Industrial Furnaces,” Volume II, by W. Trinks, page 2.

125

WEIGHTS OF METALS

CHEMICAL WEIGHT, IN POUNDS WEIGHT, IN POUNDSMATERIAL SYMBOL PER CUBIC INCH PER CUBIC FOOT

Aluminum Al .093 160Antimony Sb .2422 418Brass – .303 524Bronze – .320 552Chromium Cr .2348 406

Copper Cu .323 558Gold Au .6975 1205Iron (cast) Fe .260 450Iron (wrought) Fe .2834 490Lead Pb .4105 710

Manganese Mn .2679 463Mercury Hg .491 849Molybdenum Mo .309 534Monel – .318 550Platinum Pt .818 1413

Steel (mild) – .2816 490Steel (stainless) – .277 484Tin Sn .265 459Titanium Ti .1278 221Zinc Zn .258 446

COLORS AND APPROXIMATE TEMPERATUREFOR CARBON STEEL

Black Red .............................................................................................................. 990˚FDark Blood Red ..................................................................................................... 1050Dark Cherry Red ................................................................................................... 1175Medium Cherry Red .............................................................................................. 1250Full Cherry Red ..................................................................................................... 1375Light Cherry, Scaling ............................................................................................ 1550Salmon, Free Scaling ............................................................................................ 1650Light Salmon ......................................................................................................... 1725Yellow ................................................................................................................... 1825Light Yellow .......................................................................................................... 1975White ..................................................................................................................... 2220

126

WATER PRESSURE TO FEET HEAD

POUNDS POUNDSPER SQUARE FEET PER SQUARE FEET

INCH HEAD INCH HEAD

1 2.31 100 230.902 4.62 110 253.933 6.93 120 277.074 9.24 130 300.165 11.54 140 323.256 13.85 150 346.347 16.16 160 369.438 18.47 170 392.529 20.78 180 415.61

10 23.09 200 461.7815 34.63 250 577.2420 46.18 300 692.6925 57.72 350 808.1330 69.27 400 922.5840 92.36 500 1154.4850 115.45 600 1385.3960 138.54 700 1616.3070 161.63 800 1847.2080 184.72 900 2078.1090 207.81 1000 2309.00

POUNDS POUNDSFEET PER SQUARE FEET PER SQUAREHEAD INCH HEAD INCH

1 .43 100 43.312 .87 110 47.643 1.30 120 51.974 1.73 130 56.305 2.17 140 60.636 2.60 150 64.967 3.03 160 69.298 3.46 170 73.639 3.90 180 77.96

10 4.33 200 86.6215 6.50 250 108.2720 8.66 300 129.9325 10.83 350 151.5830 12.99 400 173.2440 17.32 500 216.5550 21.65 600 259.8560 25.99 700 303.1670 30.32 800 346.4780 34.65 900 389.7890 38.98 1000 433.00

NOTE: One pound of pressure per square inch of water equals 2.309 feet of water at 62˚ Fahrenheit.Therefore, to find the feet head of water for any pressure not given in the table above, multiply thepressure pounds per square inch by 2.309.

NOTE: One foot of water at 62˚ Fahrenheit equals .433 pound pressure per square inch. To find thepressure per square inch for any feet head not given in the table above, multiply the feet head by .433.

FEET HEAD OF WATER TO PSI

127

BOILING POINTS OF WATERAT VARIOUS PRESSURES

VACUUM, IN VACUUM ININCHES OF BOILING INCHES OF BOILINGMERCURY POINT MERCURY POINT

29 76.62 7 198.87

28 99.93 6 200.96

27 114.22 5 202.25

26 124.77 4 204.85

25 133.22 3 206.70

24 140.31 2 208.50

23 146.45 1 210.25

22 151.87 Gauge Lbs.

21 156.75 0 212.0

20 161.19 1 215.6

19 165.24 2 218.5

18 169.00 4 224.4

17 172.51 6 229.8

16 175.80 8 234.8

15 178.91 10 239.4

14 181.82 15 249.8

13 184.61 25 266.8

12 187.21 50 297.7

11 189.75 75 320.1

10 192.19 100 337.9

9 194.50 125 352.9

8 196.73 200 387.9

128

WIRE ROPE

Wire rope has largely displaced manila rope in hauling andhoisting heavy loads. As with manila rope, the care of wirerope has a direct bearing on its safe use.

Some of the reasons responsible for the use of wire rope inplace of manila are:

1. Greater strength for equal diameter and weight.

2. Equal strength either wet or dry.

3. Constant length regardless of weather conditions.

4. Greater uniformity in strength throughout.

5. Greater number of types for various uses.

6. Lower cost per unit of strength.

7. Greater durability, with equal care in use.

Strength of wire ropes vary, depending on the material fromwhich the individual strands are made and the method used informing the cable, ranging between 30 and 100 tons persquare inch.

Primarily there are 3 classes of wire rope: (1) iron, (2) caststeel, and (3) plow steel.

Iron wire is soft and of low tensile strength, around 30 to 40tons per square inch. Commonly used for drum type elevatorcables and to some extend for derrick guys; being replaced bylow-carbon steel wire in these uses.

Cast steel may have a tensile strength up to 90 tons persquare inch and because of its greater strength is generallyused for hoisting purposes. To check quickly whether a pieceof wire is iron or cast steel, bend it. Iron will bend easily andtake a long time to regain its original shape, while cast steelwill be harder to bend and will snap back to its original shapevery quickly.

129

Plow steel wire rope is made from high grade, open hearthfurnace steel and has an average tensile strength of 110 tonsper square inch. This is the best and safest wire rope forcranes, derricks, dredges and slings or straps for heavy loads.

Lubrication – Wire Rope

All wire rope, whether used indoor or out, should in thecourse of regular work be considered as a group of movingwires constantly rubbing against one another, with frictionresulting. This friction causes incessant wear on the movingparts of the wire rope or cable and will shorten its life veryrapidly unless lubricants are used to overcome the friction.

Cable or wire rope should be treated at regular intervalswith a lubricant to prevent rusting and to overcome thefriction. Lubricating intervals will depend on the types andamount of work encountered. Under average conditions, ifworked steadily on equipment, wire rope or cable will requirelubrication once every 3 weeks. Where heavy abrasive dustexist, more frequent lubrication is in order. Rusty ropes maybreak without warning.

Sheaves

The life of wire rope or cable is directly affected by thecondition and size of the sheaves over which it is used.Sheaves should be at least 16 x the diameter of the rope orcable that is used over them. In passing over a sheave, theinside portion of the cable, which is against the sheave, isshortened and compression is developed in that section of thecable. The outside portion (away from the sheave) islengthened or stretched, causing tension in that section. Thesecompressive and tensional stresses combine to create bending

130

stresses which increase rapidly as the diameter of the sheavesdecrease. As these bending stresses cause much undue wearand directly shorten the safe working life of the rope or cable,the ratio mention between sheaves and rope should bemaintained.

New wire rope may be badly injured and will not workproperly in sheaves that have become worn or in which thegrooves have become irregular in shape. When sheaves areworn or damaged, it is more economical to renew the sheavesrather than to allow excessive wear on the cable.

One cause of very severe wear in wire rope or cables isreverse bending, which will shorten the life of the rope byapproximately 1/2. Reverse bending refers to the bending of acable or rope over sheaves, first in one direction then inanother.

Another cause of severe rope wear is twisting of the fallrope. When the fall rope is twisted and a hoist is made, thewear produced is equal to more than that resulting from weeksof normal use. The man in charge of lifting operations shouldguard against twisting of the fall rope and should not allow alift to be made if the fall rope is twisted.

Handling Cable or Wire Rope

Cable or wire rope cannot and must not be coiled oruncoiled like manila rope. Cable or wire rope must be takenoff the reel in a straight line, avoiding kinking. The reel maybe mounted on a heavy pipe or roller facilitate unwinding. Ifspace is limited, the cable as it comes off the reel may belayed out in a figure 8, after which it can be reeved into theline for which it is intended.

131

Clamp Fastenings

When it is necessary to make a short bend, as in attaching wire rope orwhen it is to be looped, thimbles should always be used. U BOLTS OF ALLCLAMPS MUST BE ON THE DEAD END OF THE ROPE. In clamping astrap or an eye, the loose or “dead” end is clamped against the main part ofthe rope, with the clamps spaced apart a distance equal to 6 x diameter of therope. Clamp fastenings seldom develop more that 4/5 of rope strength at best.

The point of greatest fatigue and/or wear in a rope usually develops at ornear the end where it is clamped around the boom or where attached to thebecket on the block. Clamps should be inspected at least once weekly andtightened if they show signs of loosening. All clamped or spliced fastenings,especially those on cranes or derricks, should be shifted and changed at leastonce every six months.

Number of Crosby or Safety Clips and Distance Between Clips

Needed for Safety

Diameter Number of Distance Betweenof Rope, Inches Clips Clips, Inches

1/4 – 3/8 3 2 1/4

7/16 – 5/8 3 3 3/4

3/4 – 1 1/8 4 6 3/4

1 1/4 – 1 1/2 5 9

1 5/8 – 1 3/4 6 10 1/2

6 times diam.

2 and over 7 of cable

132

Kinks in Wire Rope

Badly kinked wire Wire rope with kink Typical failure of arope partially removed kinked wire rope

Safe Load (in pounds) on ImprovedPlow Steel Wire Rope

6 Strands, 19 or 37 Wire per Strand, Hempcore

Two Part Two Part Two PartSling Sling Sling

Weight BreakingSingle Per Strength

Diam. Circum. Vertical Foot, Tons,Inches Inches Wirerope 60˚ 45˚ 30˚ Lbs. (2000 lbs)

1/4 3/4 1,100 1,900 1,550 1,110 .10 2.74

3/8 1 1/8 2,500 4,230 3,460 2,450 .23 6.10

1/2 1 1/2 4,300 7.450 6,080 4,300 .40 10.70

5/8 2 6,600 11,600 9,430 6,670 .63 16.70

3/4 2 1/4 9,400 16,500 13,450 9,520 .90 23.8

7/8 2 3/4 12,800 22,300 18,200 12,800 1.23 32.2

1 3 16,000 29,000 23,690 16,790 1.60 41.8

1 1/8 3 1/2 21,000 36,460 29.780 21,040 2,03 52.6

1 1/4 4 26,000 44,700 36,570 25,870 2,50 64.6

1 3/8 4 1/4 31,000 53,800 43,900 31,050 3.03 77.7

1 1/2 4 3/4 37,000 63,700 52,000 36,800 3.60 92.0

1 5/8 5 43,000 74,400 60,700 42,900 4.23 107.0

1 3/4 5 1/2 49,600 86,000 70,260 49,700 4.90 124.0

2 6 1/4 64,000 110,700 90,400 64,000 6.40 160.0

2 1/8 6 5/8 63,000 125,200 102,200 72,200 7.22 181.0

2 1/4 7 1/8 81,000 140,300 114,600 79,000 8.10 202.0

2 1/2 7 7/8 98,000 170,000 139,100 98,400 10.00 246.0

2 3/4 8 5/8 117,600 203,500 166,700 117,700 12.1 294.0

Wire rope is usually manufactured slightly larger than thenominal diameter. The diameter of a new rope may exceed thenominal diameter by the amounts shown in the United StatesFederal Specification for Wire Rope.

HYDRAULIC TROUBLESHOOTING

Many of the failures in a hydraulic system show similar symptoms: a gradual orsudden loss of high pressure, resulting in loss of power or speed in the cylinders. In fact,the cylinders may stall under light loads or may not move at all. Often the loss of poweris accompanied by an increase in pump noise, especially as the pump tries to build uppressure.

Any major component - pump, relief valve, directional valve, or cylinder could be atfault. In a sophisticated system other components could also be at fault, but this wouldrequire the services of an experienced technician.

By following an organized step-by-step testing procedure in the order given here, theproblem can be traced to a general area, then if necessary, each component in that areacan be tested or replaced.

STEP 1 - PUMP SUCTION STRAINER ...Probably the field trouble encountered most often is cavitation of the hydraulic pump

inlet caused by restriction due to a dirt build-up on the suction strainer. This can happenon a new as well as on an older system. It produces the symptoms described above:increased pump noise, loss of high pressure and/or speed.

If the strainer is not located in the pump suction line it will be found immersed belowthe oil level in the reservoir, as at Point A. Some operators of hydraulic equipment nevergive the equipment any attention or maintenance until it fails. Under these conditions,sooner or later, the suction strainer will probably become sufficiently restricted to causea breakdown of the whole system and damage to the pump.

The suction strainer should be removed for inspection and should be cleaned beforere-installation. Wire mesh strainers can best be cleaned with an air hose, blowing frominside out. They can also be washed in a solvent which is compatible with the reservoirfluid. Kerosene may be used for strainers operating in petroleum base hydraulic oil. Donot use gasoline or other explosive or flammable solvents. The strainer should becleaned even though it may not appear to be dirty. Some clogging materials cannot beseen except by close inspection. If there are holes in the mesh or if there is mechanicaldamage, the strainer should be replaced.

When re-installing the strainer, inspect all joints, as at Point B for possible air leaks,particularly at union joints. There must be no air leaks in the suction line. Check thereservoir oil level to be sure it covers the top of the strainer by at least 3" at minimum oillevel, which is with all cylinders extended. If it does not cover to this depth there isdanger of a vortex forming which may allow air to enter the system when the pump isrunning.

STEP 2 - PUMP AND RELIEF VALVE ...If cleaning the pump suction strainer does not correct the trouble, isolate the pump

and relief valve from the rest of the circuit by disconnecting at Point E so that only thepump, relief valve, and pressure gauge remain in the pump circuit. Cap or plug both endsof the plumbing which was disconnected. The pump is now deadheaded into the reliefvalve. Start the pump and watch for pressure build-up on the gauge while tightening theadjustment on the relief valve. If full pressure can be developed, obviously the pump andrelief valve are operating correctly, and the trouble is to be found further down the line.If full pressure cannot be developed in this test, continue with Step 3.

133

STEP 3 - PUMP OR RELIEF VALVE? ...If high pressure cannot be obtained in Step 2 by running the pump against the relief valve,

further testing must be conducted to see whether the fault lies in the pump or in the reliefvalve. Proceed as follows:

If possible, disconnect the reservoir return line from the relief valve at Point H. Attach ashort length of hose to relief valve outlet. Hold the open end of this hose over the reservoirfiller opening so the rate of oil flow can be observed. Start the pump and run the relief valveadjustment up and down while observing the flow through the hose. If the pump is bad, therewill probably be a full stream of oil when the relief adjustment is backed off, but this flowwill diminish or stop as the adjustment is increased. If a flowmeter is available the flow canbe measured and compared with the pump catalog rating.

If a flowmeter is not available the rate of flow on small pumps can be measured bydischarging the hose into a bucket while timing with the sweep hand on a watch. Forexample, if a volume of 10 gallons is collected in 15 seconds, the pumping rate is 40 GPM,etc.

If the gauge pressure does not rise above a low value, say 100 PSI, and if the volume offlow does not substantially decrease as the relief valve adjustment is tightened, the reliefvalve is probably at fault, and should be cleaned or replaced as instructed in Step 5.

If the oil flow substantially decreases as the relief valve adjustment is tightened, and ifonly a low or moderate pressure can be developed, this indicates trouble in the pump.Proceed to Step 4.

STEP 4 - PUMP ...If a full stream of oil is not obtained in Step 3, or if the stream diminishes as the relief

valve adjustment is tightened, the pump is probably at fault. Assuming that the suctionstrainer has already been cleaned and the inlet plumbing has been examined for air leaks, asin Step 1, the oil is slipping across the pumping elements inside the pump. This can mean aworn-out pump, or too high an oil temperature. High slippage in the pump will cause thepump to run considerably hotter than the oil reservoir temperature. In normal operation, witha good pump, the pump case will probably run about 20˚F above the reservoir temperature. Ifgreater than this, excess slippage, caused by wear, may be the cause.

Check also for slipping belts, sheared shaft pin or key, broken shaft, broken coupling, orloosened set screw.

STEP 5 - RELIEF VALVE ...If the test of Step 3 has indicated the trouble to be in the relief valve, , the quickest remedy

is to replace the valve with another one known to be good. The faulty valve may later bedisassembled for inspection and cleaning. Pilot-operated relief valves have small orificeswhich may be blocked with accumulations of dirt. Blow out all passages with an air hose andrun a small wire through orifices. Check also for free movement of the spool. In a relief valvewith the pipe thread connections in the body, the spool may bind if pipe fittings are over-tightened. If possible, test the spool for bind before unscrewing threaded connections fromthe body, or, screw in fittings tightly during inspection of the valve.

STEP 6 - CYLINDER ...If the pump will deliver full pressure when operating across the relief valve in Step 2, both

pump and relief valve can be considered good, and the trouble is further downstream. Thecylinder should be tested first for worn out or defective packings by the method described onPage ???.

STEP 7 - DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE ...If the cylinder has been tested (Step 6) and found to have reasonably tight piston seals, the

4-way valve should be checked next. Although it does not often happen, an excessively wornvalve spool can slip enough oil to prevent build-up of maximum pressure. Symptoms of thiscondition are a loss of cylinder speed together with difficulty in building up to full pressureeven with the relief valve adjusted to a high setting. This condition would be more likely tooccur with high pressure pumps of low volume output, and would develop gradually over along period of time. Four-way valves may be tested by the method described on the nextpage.

OTHER COMPONENTS ...Check other components such as by-pass flow controls, hydraulic motors, etc. Solenoid 4-

way valves of the pilot operated type with tandem or open center spools may not havesufficient pilot pressure to shift the spool.

134

COMMON PIPE CLAMPS

135


USEFUL DEFINITIONS

ALLOY STEEL: A steel which owes its distinctive properties toelements other than carbon.

AREA OF A CIRCLE: The measurement of the surface within acircle. To find the area of a circle, multiply the product of theradius times the radius by Pi (3.142). Commonly written A =πr2.

BRAZE WELD OR BRAZING: A process of joining metals using anonferrous filler metal or alloy, the melting point of which ishigher than 800°F but lower than that of the metals to bejoined.

BUTT WELD: A circumferential weld in pipe fusing the abuttingpipe walls completely from inside wall to outside wall.

CARBON STEEL: A steel which owes its distinctive propertieschiefly to the various percentages of carbon (as distinguishedfrom the other elements) which it contains.

CIRCUMFERENCE OF A CIRCLE: The measurement around theperimeter of a circle. To find the circumference, multiply Pi(3.142) by the diameter. (Commonly written as πd).

COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION: A number indicating the degree ofexpansion or contraction of a substance.

The coefficient of expansion is not constant and varies withchanges in temperature. For linear expansion it is expressed asthe change in length of one unit of length of a substancehaving one degree rise in temperature.

CORROSION: The gradual destruction or alteration of a metal oralloy caused by direct chemical attack or by electrochemicalreaction.

CREEP: The plastic flow of pipe within a system; thepermanent set in metal caused by stresses at hightemperatures. Generally associated with a time rate ofdeformation.

137

USEFUL DEFINITIONS

DIAMETER OF A CIRCLE: A straight line drawn through thecenter of a circle from one extreme edge to the other. Equal totwice the radius.

DUCTILITY: The property of elongation, above the elastic limit,but under the tensile strength.

A measure of ductility is the percentage of elongation of thefractured piece over its original length.

ELASTIC LIMIT: The greatest stress which a material canwithstand without a permanent deformation after release ofthe stress.

EROSION: The gradual destruction of metal or other material bythe abrasive action of liquids, gasses, solids or mixturesthereof.

RADIUS OF A CIRCLE: A straight line drawn from the center tothe extreme edge of a circle.

SOCKET FITTING: A fitting used to join pipe in which the pipe isinserted into the fitting. A fillet weld is then made around theedge of the fitting and the outside wall of the pipe.

SOLDERING: A method of joining metals using fusible alloys,usually tin and lead. having melting points under 700°F.

STRAIN: Change of shape or size of a body produced by theaction of a stress.

STRESS: The intensity of the internal, distributed forces whichresist a change in the form of a body. When external forces acton a body they are resisted by reactions within the bodywhich are termed stresses.

138

DEFINITIONS (Continued)

TENSILE STRESS: One that resists a force tending to pull a bodyapart.

COMPRESSIVE STRESS: One that resists a force tending to crusha body.

SHEARING STRESS: One that resists a force tending to make onelayer of a body slide across another layer.

TORSIONAL STRESS: One that resists forces tending to twist abody.

TENSILE STRENGTH: The maximum tensile stress which amaterial will develop. The tensile strength is usuallyconsidered to be the load in pounds per square inch at which atest specimen ruptures.

TURBULENCE: Any deviation from parallel flow in a pipe dueto rough inner walls, obstructions or directional changes.

VELOCITY: Time rate of motion in a given direction and sense,usually expressed in feet per second.

VOLUME OF A PIPE: The measurement of the space within thewalls of the pipe. To find the volume of a pipe, multiply thelength (or height) of the pipe by the product of the insideradius times the inside radius by Pi (3.142). Commonlywritten as V= hπr2.

WELDING: A process of joining metals by heating until they arefused together, or by heating and applying pressure until thereis a plastic joining action. Filler metal may or may not beused.

YIELD STRENGTH: The stress at which a material exhibits aspecified limiting permanent set.

139

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations conform to the practice of the AmericanStandard Abbreviations for Scientific and Engineering Terms,ASA Z10.1.

abs.......................................................................................... AbsoluteAGA ........................................................ American Gas AssociationAISI .............................................. American Iron and Steel InstituteAmer Std .............................................................. American StandardAPI ...................................................... American Petroleum InstituteASA ................................................ American Standards AssociationASHVE ...... American Society of Heating and Ventilating EngineersASME ............................ American Society of Mechanical EngineersASTM .................................. American Society for Testing MaterialsAWWA ...................................... American Water Works AssociationB & S ............................ Bell and spigot or Brown & Sharpe (gauge)bbl ............................................................................................ BarrelBtu .................................................................. British thermal unit(s)C ........................................................................................ Centigradecfm .................................................................. Cubic feet per minutecfs .................................................................... Cubic feet per secondCI .......................................................................................... Cast ironCS ........................................................................................ Cast steelComp ................................................................................ CompanionC to F .......................................................................... Center to Face°C ........................................................................ Degrees Centigrade°F ........................................................................ Degrees Fahrenheitdiam .................................................................................... Diameterdwg ...................................................................................... Drawingex-hy ................................................................................ Extra-heavyF&D ........................................................................ Faced and drilledF ........................................................................................ FahrenheitF to F .............................................................................. Face to faceflg ............................................................................ Flange or flanges

140

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS (Continued)

flgd ........................................................................................ Flangedg .................................................................................. Gage or gaugehex .................................................................................... Hexagonalhg .......................................................................................... mercuryIBBM ...................................... Iron body bronze (or brass) mountedID .............................................................................. Inside diameterkw .................................................................................... Kilowatt(s)MI ................................................................................ Malleable ironmax .................................................................................... Maximummin ...................................................................................... Minimummtd ........................................................................................ MountedMSS ................................ Manufacturers Standardization Society (of

Valve and Fittings Industry)NEWWA .............................. New England Water Works AssociationNPS .................. Nominal pipe size (formerly IPS for iron pipe size)OD .......................................................................... Outside diameterOS&Y .......................................................... Outside screw and yokeOWG ........................................................ Oil, water, gas (see WOG)psig ...................................................... Pounds per square inch, gagered ........................................................................................ Reducingsch or sched .......................................................................... Schedulescd ........................................................................................ ScrewedSF .................................................................................. SemifinishedSpec .............................................................................. SpecificationSSP ................................................................ Steam service pressureSSU .......................................................... Seconds Saybolt UniversalStd ........................................................................................ StandardTrans .............................................................................. TransactionsWOG ........................................................ Water, oil, gas (see OWG)WWP ............................................................ Working water pressureXS .................................................................................... Extra strongXXS .................................................................... Double extra strong

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MIDFIELD LOCATIONS

ALSASK (Sask)Kevin MunroeP.O. Box 12, S0L 0A0Tel: (306) 968-2915Fax: (306) 968-2915

ALSIKEBruce HaleGeneral Delivery, T0C 0C0Tel: (403) 696-2000Fax: (403) 696-3701

BARRHEADMelodee JahnerP.O. Box 4623, T7N 1A5Tel: (403) 674-6557Fax: (403) 674-3547

BROOKSGary Koleyak1140 - 2 St. W., T1R 1C1P.O. Box 940, T1R 1B8Tel: (403) 362-3800Acct. Inquiries: (403) 793-2727Cust. Serv. Fax: (403) 362-4151Acct. Inquiries Fax: (403) 362-6762

CALGARYRon Brown940, 505 - 3 St. S.W., T2P 3E6Tel: (403) 233-7166Fax: (403) 262-1695

CALGARY WAREHOUSERod Bryant5, 4915 - 77 Ave. SE, T2C 2X4Tel: (403) 720-3668Fax: (403) 720-3669

CEREALKeith MakelkiP.O. Box 35, T0J 0N0Tel: (403) 326-3744Fax: (403) 326-2289

CLARESHOLMPete Toner#4 - 5324 1 St. E., T0L 0T0Tel: (403) 625-4838Fax: (403) 625-3710

COMPEERAndy MakranoffGeneral DeliveryCompeer, AB, T0C 1A0Tel: (403) 552-3844Fax: (403) 552-2117

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CORONATIONDarcy Kirschenman4457 Victoria Ave., T0C 1C0Tel: (403) 578-3121Fax: (403) 578-3441

DRAYTON VALLEYMike Ferrey5619 - 50 Ave.P.O. Box 7138, T7A 1S4Tel: (403) 542-7135Fax: (403) 542-5678

DRUMHELLERMyles Travis1121 Railway Ave. SP.O. Box 520, T0J 0Y0Tel: (403) 823-4884Fax: (403) 823-5974

EDMONTONRon Riopel9610 - 39 Ave., T6E 5T9Tel: (403) 469-8122Fax: (403) 466-9624

FOX CREEKJean DesmaraisHighway Ave., T0H 1P0Tel: (403) 622-3554Fax: (403) 622-4100

GULL LAKE (Sask)Dave MehedenBox 773, S0N 1A0Tel: (306) 672-3470Fax: (306) 672-3486

HALKIRKTodd EndersbyGeneral Delivery, T0C 1M0Tel: (403) 884-2500Tax: (403) 884-2400

HARDISTYErnie Ziegler4635 - 49 St., T0B 1V0P.O. Box 58Tel: (403) 888-2584Fax: (403) 888-2587

LUSELAND (Sask)P.O. Box 41Luseland, SK, S0L 2A0Tel: (306) 372-4453Fax: (306) 372-4504

MANNVILLEDarcy KirschenmanR.R.#3, T0B 2W0Tel: (403) 763-2183Fax: (403) 763-2107

PROVOSTRod McFadyen5308 - 49 Ave., T0B 3S0Tel: (403) 753-3055Fax: (403) 753-3983

RED DEERMike Argent#103, 6439 - 67 St., T4P 1A3Tel: (403) 343-1110Fax: (403) 342-4755

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REDWATERGordon PylypiukP.O. Box 828, T0A 2W0Tel: (403) 942-3500Fax: (403) 942-2204

RIMBEYRon Keessar5020 - 45 Ave., T0C 2J0Box 102Tel: (403) 843-3212Fax: (403) 843-3223

SHEERNESSDon TemplerP.O. Box 1004 Hanna, ABTel: (403) 854-2528Fax: (403) 854-3507

SUNDRERaleigh Myggland805 Main Ave. WP.O. Box 149, T0M 1X0Tel: (403) 638-4501Fax: (403) 638-4531

TABERJim Bedford6202 - 64 St., T1G 1Z3Tel: (403) 223-9366Fax: (403) 223-9370

WEYBURN (Sask)Glen Bernie1733 Railway Ave.P.O. Box 1437, S4H 3J9Tel: (306) 842-2728

WHITECOURTMark Trinier3811 - 36 St., T7S 1P6P.O. Box 1950 T0E 2L0Tel: (403) 778-5400Fax: (403) 778-5277



Saskatchewan

Manitoba

BritishColumbia

Alberta

1 23

Alternating shades indicate Time zones.

When calculating actual time differences between areas,consideration should be made for those areas which

adopt Daylight Time.

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Documents

Oil Field Data Handbook