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OIL AND GASSAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
MODULE 2 :CAUSATION AND PREVENTION OF INCIDENTS
OBJECTIVES
2page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
By the end of this session, participants will be able to:
❑ Describe the principle causes of
incidents;
❑ Describe unsafe acts and unsafe
conditions; and
❑ Explain that all incidents are
preventable.
3page
CONTENTS
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Definition of hazard and risk01
Categories of hazard02
What is an incident?03
Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions
04
Hierarchy of control measures05
Cost of an incident06
Behavioural Safety07
Loss of primary containment (LOPC) and Process safety management (PSM)
08
DEFINITION OF HAZARD AND RISK
4page
Anything that has a potential to harm or to
damage.
HAZARD
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
RISK
A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of hazardous event and the
severity of injury or damage.
Example : Risk = Likelihood x Severity
(how frequent) (how bad)
Watch video on hazard and risk
5page
01.
02.
03.
04.
05
PHYSICAL
CATEGORIES OF HAZARD
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
06
CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL ERGO-NOMICAL
PSYCHO-SOCIAL
ENVIRON-MENTAL
• Fire
• Sound
• Heat
• Radiation
• Vibration
• Pressure
• Electrical
• Machinery
• Gases
• Fumes
• Acids
• Alkalis
• Chlorine
• Pesticides
• Bacteria• Virus• Parasite• Algae• Fungi
• Excessive load
• Awkward
posture
• Repetititve
work
• Sexual
harassment
• Job stress
• Violence
• Haze• Bad weather• Lightning
Go to spot the hazard activity
WHAT IS AN INCIDENT?
6page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
An incident:
❑ Is an unexpected and unplanned event.
❑ Occurs through a combination of causes.
❑ May result in:
✓ Physical harm (injury or disease);
✓ Damage to property, environment or near misses;
✓ Near misses;
✓ Any combination of these effects.
Incident
Accident
Human
injury/disease
Environment /
Property
damage
Near miss
ACCIDENT - HOW DOES IT HAPPEN?
7page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
Unsafe acts and conditions, if unchecked may lead
to near misses, property damage and eventually to
serious accidents. Therefore, all unsafe acts and
conditions, and incidents must be investigated and
appropriate control measures must be taken.
Major injury
Minor injury
Property damage
Near misses
Tye- Pearson Triangle
1
10
30
600Major injury Minor injury Property
damageNear miss
UNSAFE ACT AND UNSAFE CONDITION
ANGKATAN
TENTERA
Tentera Darat, Tentera
Laut dan Tentera
Udara
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
8pageGo to unsafe act and unsafe condition matching activity
UNSAFE ACT
9page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
SLEEPING UNDER A PARKED VEHICLE
❖ NOT WEARING PROPER PPE❖ NO PROPER PLANK
STANDING ON GUARDRAIL
10page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
OPEN GRATINGS ARE DEATH TRAP –
THEY MUST BE COVERED OR
BARRICADED
POOR
HOUSEKEEPING
BEAM USED AS
STORAGE
UNSAFE CONDITION
11page
ROOT CAUSES
INDIRECT CAUSES
DIRECT CAUSES
MULTIPLE CAUSATION CONCEPT
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
❑ Job factor
❑ Personal factor
❑ Unsafe act
❑ Unsafe condition❑ Contact with hazard
12page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Least effective
Most effective
Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment.
Change the way people work.
Isolate people from the hazard
Isolate the hazard
Replace the hazard
Physically remove the hazard
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
PPE
ELIMINATION
13page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
Elimination: Completely removing the hazard or risk of
exposure. This is the ideal control solution.
Examples of elimination are:
❑ Ban use of hazardous chemicals e.g Hexane,
Benzene for cleaning;
❑ Removing nails and waste material from
consruction worksite;
❑ Redesigning a work proccess to remove hazards.
This example shows the
removal of hazardous
substances (chemicals) to
eliminate the hazard from
the floor.
SUBSTITUTION
14page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
Substitution: Replacing the hazard with a less
hazardous alternative.
Examples:
❑ Substituting or replacing the use of hazardous
chemical by non-hazardous chemical.
❑ Using chemicals in pellet or paste form instead
of as liquid.
ISOLATION
15page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
Isolation: Separate sources of the hazard.
Examples:
❑ Provision storage (cabinet)chemicals such as
chlorine.
❑ Installing a fence / barricade.
ENGINEERING CONTROL
16page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Makl
GUARDING
Engineering Control: If a hazard cannot be
eliminated or substituted the next preffered
measure is to use an engineering control.
Examples:
❑ Enclosing the hazard e.g noisy, hot, rotating
equipment;
❑ Installing machinery guarding;
❑ Installing exhaust ventilation. EXHAUST VENTILATION
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
17page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Administrative Control: Including work practices
which reduce risks and limits the exposure of
employees to the hazard.
Examples:❑ Reducing the number of employees exposed to
the hazard;
❑ Reducing the period of exposure;
❑ Rotating the workers;
❑ Procedures for dealing with hazardous materials /
critical job;
❑ Lockout and tag-out procedures.
TAG
PTW LOTO
TOOL BOX TALK
Watch video on nothing is routine
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
9page
PPE can be divided into
FIVE categories :
1. Head
2. Face and eye
3. Hearing4. Respiratory
5. Body including hand,
feet and fall
protection
2
1
3
4
5
COST OF AN ACCIDENT – ICEBERG THEORY
19page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Cost that can be ‘seen’ is much smaller than
the one that cannot be seen (below the
water), and it can be insured. E.g. Medical cost.
Cost that is not so obvious or ‘cannot be seen’ and cannot be insured. E.g. Legal cost, lost of
expertise, penalties, production delays, etc.
DIRECT COST
INDIRECT COST
REPORTED ACCIDENTS
20page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
For updated statistic please refer online source:https://www.perkeso.gov.my/index.php/en/laporan/number-of-accidents
Behavioral safety is a process that helps
employees identify and choose a safe
behaviour over an unsafe one.
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
BEHAVIORAL SAFETY
BASIC BEHAVIOR PRINCIPLES
22page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Safety in the workplace is a combination of THREE
measureable components:
1. Person (employee)
2. Environment (condition)
3. Behavior (act)
Only when these three elements are combined can
workplace accidents be eliminated.
PERSON
BEHAVIORENVIRONMENT
BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES – PERSON:
23page
MODULE 1OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
The person component consist of the employees -
PHYSICAL
CAPABILITIES EXPERIENCE TRAINING
The workplace environment represents -
Engineering controls
24page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES–ENVIRONMENT:
Equipment
Job task
Work culture
25page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
BASIC BEHAVIOUR PRINCIPLES – BEHAVIOR:
The final most often overlooked component is behavior:
“What the person does on the job"
BEHAVIORAL SAFETY - DO IT PROCESS:
26page
Define behaviors
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Observe behaviors
Intervene
Test the intervention
ZERO TOLERANCE RULES (1)
27page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
• Work with a valid work permit (PTW) required for the job.
• Verify energy isolation before starting work.
• Obtain authorization before over riding or disabling safety critical equipment.
• Obtain authorization before entering a confined space.
• Protect yourself against a fall when working at height.
ZERO TOLERANCE RULES (2)
28page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
• Use the correct personal protective equipment
(PPE) when handling hazardous chemicals.
• Obtain authorization before excavation or entering a trench.
• Do not position yourself under a suspended load.
• Do not smoke outside designated areas or bring
potential ignition sources into process area without
authorization.
• Do not use your mobile phone / walkie-talkie while driving, follow the speed limit and use your seat belt.
LIFE-SAVING RULES (LSR)
29page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
PROCESS SAFETY MANAGEMENT (PSM)
30page
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
❑ Process safety management is an analytical tool
focused on preventing releases of any substance
defined as a ‘highly hazardous chemicals’.
❑ A process is an ACTIVITY or combination of activities
including any use, storage, manufacturing, handling
or the on-site movement of highly hazardous
chemicals (HHCs).
❑ Occupational safety INCIDENT is the unexpected
release of toxic, reactive, or flammable liquids and
gases in processes involving highly hazardous
chemicals.
LOSS OF CONTAINMENT (LOC)
31page
What is LOC:
Unplanned or uncontrolled release
(substantial amount) of dangerous
substances which are -
• Flammable
• Explosive or
• Toxic
from a tank, vessel, pipe, rail car or
equipment used for containment.
MODULE 2OIL AND GAS SAFETY PASSPORT (OGSP)
Watch video on fall from height and hot work
MODULE 2 :CAUSATION AND PREVENTION OF INCIDENTS
THANK YOU