Ohan Balian 2016 Reference Guide for Energy Subsidies in Abu Dhabi. Policy Brief, Issue 03-24022016, March 2016

8/16/2019 Ohan Balian 2016 Reference Guide for Energy Subsidies in Abu Dhabi. Policy Brief, Issue 03-24022016, March 2016.

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www.abudhabichamber.ae

Policy Brief

Reference Guide for EnergySubsidies in Abu Dhabi

March 2016Issue 03-24022016

In association with

www.ihs.com


2/16

Reference Guide for Energy Subsidies in Abu Dhabi

Policy Brief

March 20162

ContentsContext and importance of the problem 3

Critique of policy options 5

Policy recommendations 7

Cover image: IHS


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Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce & Industry,

P.O. Box 662, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.

Ohan S Balian, Ph.D.

Chief Economist – Abu Dhabi Chamber

of Commerce & Industry

[email protected]


+971 2 617 7470


3/16© 2016 Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce & Industry 3

Executive summary Abu Dhabi has been a leader of subsidy reform

among Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Energy prices are closer to production costs

compared with most of Abu Dhabi’s peers in the

region. However, energy-subsidy reform remains

high on the agenda because the ballooning

decit begs a lower scal burden from subsidies.

Meanwhile, maintaining energy affordability for

residents, commercial users, and industry is a valid

policy goal, too. Finding the right balance between

scal requirements, affordability, conservation, and

the preservation of competitiveness is critical for

reform success and both sustained and sustainable

growth. Total energy subsidies for the United Arab

Emirates (UAE) equaled 6.5% of GDP, with natural

gas accounting for the bulk share. Higher prices for

natural gas would likely be affordable, even though

higher gas costs would feed through on electricity

costs to some extent. Higher electricity prices for

residents are likely affordable if accompanied by

mitigating measures, while prices for industrial

consumers are already relatively high in comparison

with Abu Dhabi’s regional peers yet still competitive

on a global scale.

Context and importance of theproblemEnergy subsidies have been a focal point of policy

reform in Abu Dhabi in recent years. The prime

motivation to use subsidies usually is to reduce

the market price of a commodity for the consumer.

This is one of the shortest denitions for a subsidy,regardless of whether it is an explicit subsidy

(e.g., a payment to the producer or the consumer)

or an implicit subsidy (such as a mandate for a

government-owned commodity producer to sell

below market prices). Any activity or decision that

leads to a reduction of a price below market level

may be regarded as a subsidy.

The motivation to subsidize energy usually depends

on which consumer group policy intends to support.

In the case of residential households, the prime

motivation is to make energy more affordable as

it is a basic service and prerequisite to enjoy the

benets of other household goods and amenities of

modern life.

In the case of commercial, and especially industrial

consumers, energy costs can be a critical factor

of competitiveness. In fact, energy is a key

production factor for several industries, such assteel, chemicals, paper, and of course, the mining

industry. For rms in these industries, energy costs

are a key factor inuencing boardroom decision-

making on large-scale investment plans.

Subsidies also have drawbacks, though, and they

are contentious for two primary reasons. First, since

subsidies lower the actual price paid by consumers,

subsidies encourage higher-than-normal demand

for a commodity. This can lead to inefcient

utilization and a waste of natural resources. Second,

subsidies have an impact on government budgets.

Most explicit subsidies increase government


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Policy Brief

March 20164

spending, while most implicit subsidies dampen

revenues.

Fiscal aspects of subsidy reform have gathered

more attention recently, in Abu Dhabi and

elsewhere in the GCC. It is particularly relevant for

countries with a large and swelling budget decit

and a high ratio of subsidies to GDP. (see chart 1)

The oil-producing countries of the Middle East

face a window of opportunity to pare down these

drawbacks, given today’s era of low oil prices,

global commitments to decreasing greenhouse

gas emissions, and increasing natural-resource

constraints. This opportunity is particularly relevant

for Abu Dhabi, which has committed to both

sustained and sustainable growth while spending a

signicant share of its annual budget on fossil-fuel

energy subsidies.

While total post-tax energy subsidies have been

relatively low for the UAE at just above 6.5% of

GDP in 2015 (compared with 8.9% for Oman or

13.2% for Saudi Arabia) and have been reduced

in recent years, on a per capita basis, the UAE’s

post-tax subsidies rank fth highest in the Middle

Eastern subsidy league, surpassed only by Qatar,

Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Bahrain.

Subsidies for natural gas have the highest nancial

impact by far, accounting for USD1,900 on a percapita basis. In other words, 4 out of every 100

dirhams of the average Emirati income would be

curtailed if gas subsidies were abandoned. (see

charts 2 and 3)

In a recent paper, Boersma and Grifths report a

30% decline, or USD12.6 billion, of total energy

subsidies between 2013 and 2015 based on

calculations from the National Bank of Dubai

(NBD). Based on the data, the subsidy ratio to

GDP was reduced to slightly less than 3% of GDP

at the same time, which is less than half of the

International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimate.

A leader in subsidy reform among Middle Eastern

countries, the UAE has electricity prices that are

4%Gas subsidies account for four out of every

100 dirhams of average income

Chart 1: Energy Subsidies in the MENA Region

2 0 1 5 F i s c a l B a l a n c e a s a p e r c e n t o f G D P

Post-tax subsidies as a percent of GDPSource: IMF, IHS

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

00 5 10 15 20 25 30

Bahrain

Iran

Iraq

JordanKuwait

Lebanon

Oman

Qatar

Saudi ArabiaUnited Arab Emirates

Yemen

Bubble-size= post-tax

subsidies in US$

billions (nominal)



among the highest of the GCC, although rates

vary considerably between Emiratis and foreign

residents. Electricity prices in Abu Dhabi are lower

on average compared with Dubai, but are still

higher compared with Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,

Bahrain, and Kuwait. Electricity prices for nationals

are less than one-third of the price for expatriates,

though. Moreover, while tariffs for expatriates

were lifted at the beginning of 2015, they were left

unchanged for nationals. UAE energy prices are

still signicantly below those in the United Statesand Europe and do not always cover production or

opportunity costs.

For industrial consumers, the average price level is

highly competitive compared with that on a global

basis, although in Abu Dhabi, household electricity

prices (for national residents at least) are lower

compared with industrial consumers. This is the

opposite of the price structure in Europe, where

industry users pay a much lower price on average

than residential households.

Further, despite the major electricity, water, and

gasoline subsidy-reform measures made in 2015

in Abu Dhabi, subsidies for natural gas amount to

roughly 50% of all subsidies in the UAE and have

not yet been addressed. Part of the subsidy effect

on electricity comes from cheap natural gas, which

is used as a feedstock for electricity generation.

Gas is priced far below global market levels, partly

because gas is regarded as being a mere by-

product of oil production.

In times of weakening scal revenues and

ballooning decits, subsidy reform is obviously

ranking higher among governments’ priorities,

with Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and

others all commencing activity to pare down energy

subsidies in 2015. With continued low oil prices and

an increasingly competitive economic environment,

phasing out fossil-fuel energy subsidies will no

doubt continue to be an option for the UAE and

Abu Dhabi to increase revenues and pare down

spending.

Critique of policy optionsThere is no one policy or mitigation approach

that serves as a “best practice” for energy-subsidy

Chart 2: Total energy subsidies % of GDP, 2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

BahrainIran Kuwait Qatar Lebanon OmanSaudi Arabia

2 6 . 0

1

UAE

1 1 . 2

3

1 0 . 3

2

8 .

9 0

7 .

7 8

6 .

5 7

6 .

3 7

1 3 . 2

3

Source: IMF

Abu Dhabi industry prices competitive globally,though above GCC levels


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Policy Brief

March 20166

reform, and the success of subsidy-reform policies or

initiatives cannot be measured entirely by the near-

term difference in energy prices or overall demand

pre- and post-reform. Rather, “successful” subsidy

reductions can only be evaluated relative to the

underlying goals of reform, which include not only

the country’s economic prosperity, but also long-

term social well-being and environmental health.

To truly measure the impact of reform, results

must be monitored over time and distilled from

other confounding variables (e.g., climate, season,

macroeconomic situation, public awareness

of environmental issues, etc.), which inuence

consumers’ overall energy demand as well as

the price elasticity of demand, or the percentage

decrease in demand associated with each percent

of price increase.

For example, while the dual goals of decreasing

national budget decits and reducing carbon

emissions can be achieved simultaneously by

lowering fossil-fuel energy subsidies, others, such

as reducing government spending while improving

the overall well-being of low-income households,

may be harder to achieve in tandem, at least in the

short term.

Among the menu of policy options used by other

countries, a few general factors stand out for their

ability to contribute to the overall success of a

subsidy-reduction program. These include:

• Comprehensive and well-planned

communications campaigns: By utilizing

multiple communication channels and choosingmessages that resonate with local stakeholders,

governments can avoid much-feared public

backlash, or, worse, violent protests or social

uprisings. By including information on the amount

of subsidy and a comparison with the national

average on customers’ energy bills, the “smart

bills” required by the Abu Dhabi Regulation

and Supervision Bureau (RSB) in 2012 took a

rst step toward educating residents about the

actual cost of electricity. Meanwhile, in previous

subsidy-reform efforts undertaken in both Dubai

and Abu Dhabi, the government organized

extensive information campaigns explaining

the new tariff changes and played to residents’

concerns about the value of sustainability and

resource conservation.

• Investment in technology, infrastructure, or

Petroleum Coal Natural gas Electricity

Chart 3: Post-Tax Subsidies in the UAE

Subsidies by product, US$ billion

6.99

0.52

18.22

3.23

Subsidies per capita by product, USD

730.0

54.29

1,901.53

337.03Source: IMF

Tiered pricing incentivizes consumers to save energy



programs that increase energy efciency:

Any number of measures to improve energy

efciency (e.g., improved public-transportation

networks, appliance standards, time-

differentiated pricing, smart meters, etc.) can both

decrease consumers’ burden from energy price

increases while meeting governments’ emissions-

reduction and scal-spending objectives. The

tiered pricing system introduced by the Dubai

Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) in 2008

provides one such example: with costs risingin accordance with usage levels, the system

rewards the most efcient users. The RSB’s 2010

smart-meter pilot program, which has installed

400 smart meters in volunteers’ homes to monitor

and better understand energy-consumption

patterns, provides another example.

• Carefully designed, complementary

mitigation approaches: By determining who the

energy price increases will impact most and how,

subsidy-reform efforts can include measures

to compensate adversely affected households

for the nancial impact they will experience. In

countries such as India, Brazil, and Iran, targeted

cash transfers to the country’s poorest were

chosen as a direct and visible way to offset

the burden of higher energy prices, but other

countries have considered and/or implemented

a range of mitigation options, from coordinating

increases in fuel prices with improvements in

public transport to providing technical assistance

to vulnerable industries or businesses.

Meanwhile, although some tactics such as dual

pricing based on socioeconomic class have

proven challenging for national governments to

implement successfully (because of the high costs

of administration, management, and enforcement

in identifying the correct recipients and preventing

illegal sales through black markets), they have

worked thus far in the UAE, perhaps because of the

country’s unique demographics.

In both Dubai and Abu Dhabi, electricity prices for

residential expatriates have increased, while prices

stayed the same for UAE nationals. Similarly, while

also more complicated than a blanket price hike,

Abu Dhabi has successfully implemented sector-specic electricity price reforms: following the

2015 reforms, electricity subsidies for government

entities were removed, a 7% price increase was

introduced for commercial and industrial users

under 1 megawatt (MW), and industrial customers

using more than 1 MW experienced a 100%

increase during summer peak hours.

Policy recommendationsPhasing out subsidies has the potential to support

Abu Dhabi’s dual policy goals of sustained and

sustainable economic growth in principle. Although

Abu Dhabi has been a leader in subsidy reform

among the GCC, a further reduction of subsidies

seems affordable for virtually all consumer groups

and could be achieved without affecting Abu

Dhabi’s economic competitiveness.

However, as Abu Dhabi considers its path

forward, it should acknowledge there is no overall

“best” practice to follow as nowhere else hasa similar geopolitical context, natural-resource

base, economic status, industrial portfolio, and

demographic composition. Rather, policymakers

must articulate the goals of subsidy reform up front

and understand that achieving these goals will

require tradeoffs.

Based on successful subsidy-reform efforts in other

parts of the world and approaches used historically

in the UAE, as Abu Dhabi continues its efforts to

reform energy pricing, four considerations should

remain at the forefront:

100%is the percentage total electricity prices were

lifted by Abu Dhabi


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Policy Brief

March 20168

• The messages and channels used to

communicate with residents regarding the

necessity and value of changes to energy pricing

• The timing, frequency, magnitude, and sequencing

of subsidy reductions

• Infrastructure, technologies, or standards that can

be used to improve energy efciency while helping

businesses and residents to maintain economic

performance and lifestyle

• Mitigation approaches that protect the region’s

most vulnerable households and industries

Specically, if energy prices are ultimately going to

reect production costs and global market rates, Abu

Dhabi will need to continue to educate nationals and

expatriate residents alike regarding the true costs of

energy production, value of resource conservation,and risks of climate change. The government will

want to take advantage of periods when energy

prices are low and reforms can be justied in a

logical and rational manner. The increase of motor

fuel prices in July 2015 is a case in point as fuel

prices dropped again on lower oil after a short-lived

bounce. Further, by introducing measures to improve

energy efciency among energy-intensive industries,

nationals, and low-income households, Abu Dhabi

can simultaneously decrease energy-subsidy

expenditures, reduce greenhouse gas emissions,

and support the region’s populace as it adapts to a

carbon and resource-constrained world.

Sources consulted orrecommended• Boersma, Tim and Grifths, Steve (2016),

“Reforming Energy Subsidies: Initial Lessons from

the United Arab Emirates.” Brookings Institution &

Masdar Institute. Available at:

http: //www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/les/

papers/2016/01/reforming-energy-subsidies-

uae/brookings_masdar_reforming_energy_

subsidies_uae_nal.pdf

• Coady, David, Parry, Ian, Sears, Louis, and

Baoping, Shang (2015), “How Large Are Global

Energy Subsidies?” IMF Working Paper No. 105,

Washington DC. Available at: https://www.imf.org/

external/pubs/ft/wp/2015/wp15105.pdf

• Whitley, Shelagh and van der Burg, Laurie (2015),“Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: From Rhetoric to

Reality.” New Climate Economy, London and

Washington, DC. Overseas Development Institute.

Available at: http://newclimateeconomy.report/

misc/working-papers

• Arab Future Energy Index: Energy Efciency,

Regional Center for Renewable Energy and

Energy Efciency (RCREEE), 2015. Available

at: http://www.rcreee.org/sites/default/les/afex_

ee_2015_engish_web_0.pdf

Source: Boersma, Tim and Griffiths, Steve (2016)

Chart 4: Electricity costs in the GCC

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في بوظبي

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دل

م س 2016

مخص لسي سة

6

ن س دى ح ت أو درات إح

را ىدا ثدا قرا ل ن ل مدا

دو .هدو حا ل لا بطا وأ طا رأ

"ا "ادم ن م وت اض ن ذك

اح

د

ا

ا

داف

ر

ل

س ط ازدر ل ال وس ار ا ل

او

ا

را

أ

ون

ود

ادي

ا ان ادى اد.

ا در ب س ار ا ح

ارى

را

ارات

ن

ن

دو

اوت

دار

واو ام ا دا و واوم (ل اخ

ا و إ ذك) ا ؤر طب ان

ا

أو

اطب

أر

ور

وذك

طا

ال

او ض اطب ارط ل و ن

ارع ار.

د ون ن ان ق ادن ان ل ال

ض از ازا اوط ول ات ارون

أن

إ

اوري

اوود

دم

ض

ل

ن

واد

آن

ك أداف أرى د ون ن اب س

ل ض اوت وو ادى ار أل در

اق او إ ب ن ار ا ر

.ادل

ن ن رات ا اد دول أرى

ا

رد

ز

ا

ا

اوال

ض

ود

اح ال ر ض ادم. ول ذه اوال

:

حت اواصل اش دة اخطط: ن ل وظف•

ادد ن وات اوال وار ارل ا ول

ن وت أن ب ردة أب ا ان

ا ا تا وأ ال ا اوت

ا

اوت

إدراج

ن

.ا

ات

أو

طا راو طوا طو رو مدا م

"اوار اذ "ا ل اء طب ن ب

اظم وار أوظ م 2012اطوة

.رء

ا

ا

ن

ان

ف

و

وا

وظ ح ا دوا رطإ و توا

ظت واء ظوأو د ةذا مدا

را

رات

و

إ

ت

وا

ان

ور

ا

اوف

أور

وزت

اددة

اوارد. ظاو ادا ن

اسثر ي ا واب اح أو ابراج اي زد•

طا ةء ن ةذ راد ي ن :طا ة ك

ور ا لا ت ن :لا ل )

لكھربا لغاز لطبیعي لفحم لبترول

خصم لضریبة

بعد

في إلمار ت لعربیة لمتحدة

لدعم

:3 لمخطط

دوالر مریكي

ملیار

المنتج

حسب

الدعم

6.99

0.52

18.22

3.23

دوالر مریكي

المنتج

حسب

فرد

لكل

الدعم

730.0

54.29

1,901.53

337.03المصدر: صندوق النقد المالي

طا رو نا ز ردا را


12/16ظبي

وصنا بي

تجارة

فرغل

ظوح


ا

اون

س

دول

ا

ن

ارء

ارم ن أن ذه ار ن ل ر ن اوت

ءرا رأ طو ضو .با نا نو

وطر

ن

ر

أ

ظل

و

د

ظوأ

واوت. ل وارن دوا را او

أر ارء واطن اران دار اث ن ار

دت ار ا رن. إ إ ذك

2015 م

أوال

را

رن

ا

ظت ار واطن اران. وظل أر

اوت

ر

أل

ادة

را

ارات

طا

ادة وأورو و ط دا ف اج أو ف

.دا

را

وى

د

ُ

ا

اطع

ن

ن

ق

ل ر ر اد را طو

ون أر ارء ظوأ أ ن مرا ا

لأ (نارا نطاو لا ) زا

ذك

وون

.ا

طع

ن

ن

ر

د ث وروأ ا را ل ن ضا

ر لأ رأ طو ا عطا ن نودا

.ا

زل

ح

را

ادار

ن

ارم

ذك

إ

إ

وازن ا اذت م واء ظو دم ارء

ر و %50 طا زا مد نأ إ ظوأ 2015

ن أل ادم اور ارات ار ادة وم

د يذا را ن ءز .نا راد ذأ م

اذي

طا

ز

ازدة

ار

ن

ارء

ادم

دم ره دة م ود ارء. ض أر از

إ

ز

ذك

وزو

ا

اوق

وت

ن

ر

ُظر إ أ ت ن ت اط. ل أن از

ا ازو ا تادارا د ا توا

او

ل

ادم

وظ

إح

از

وت

اوت ود وو رأس أووت اوت

ور ن ون دوا را او وارن

.2015 م طا مد ل تر ا لودا

ا

ادرة

وزاد

اط

أر

ار

اض

ظل ك اء ادر دم دا ا

ادة

را

ارات

أم

ورط

را

اوري

اوود

.اق

ول

ادات

زدة

ظوأو

سسا تارخ مت ك أو ف ن ن اره

طا مد وظ ح ا "ترا لأ"

2015 المخطط :2نسبة جمالي دعم الطاقة من الناتج المحلي اإلجمالي

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

یراالبحرین

الكویت قطر

لبنا المملكة العربیة السعودیعمان

2 6 . 0

1

اإلمارات العربیة المتحدة

1 1 . 2

3

1 0 . 3

2

8 .

9 0

7 .

7 8

6 .

5 7

6 .

3 7

1 3 . 2

3

لمصدر: صندوق لنقد لم لي

د اد ا أ زد ظوأ ا رأا نوا س لود ةدووا توا ن


13/16

في بوظبي

دعم طاقة

رجي

دل

م س 2016

مخص لسي سة

4

ظم

أن

ن

وا

اق

زدة

اظر

ادم

أل ادم ا ل ارادات.

ت اواب ا ا طوي إح ظو ادم

ا ن ام ؤرا أوظ و أء دول ز

ا

دول

ص

ل

ذك

ورط

.ا

اون

س

ن ز ر وزاد ازا و ر ن

ادم ر ا ا( .اظر ارسم ابي 1)

ر طوا قرا ط ط ا لودا د

اذ

وذك

إ

ار

اف

واطن

ن

د

ارة

ده

اذي

اط

أر

ادث

اض

ار

دا تازا تا ن د ا تازاو ا

را هذ د وزدة اود ارو اوارد اط .و

او

ق

ازا

أدت

ث

ظو

ص

ل

ذات

إ ب إق زء ر واء ماداو مادا

ن زا او دم ط اوود اوري.

ن بارا م د طا مد إ نأ

دز ث ارات ار ادة

ر

) 2015 م

ا

ا

ا

ن

%6.5 ن

را ا %13.2 وأ ن %8.9 ت

اود (إ ب ا ل اوات ارة

را تء ةدا را تارا نأ إ أس ارد

ن

اراب

م

د

دم

أ

ث

ن

ا

دول راط ادم ارق اوط ارب طر

وارن ط. واوت دوا را او

ث ا ا را طا ز مدا مد ن

أل

ن

4 ن

آر

.رد

ل

رأ

دور

1.900

ل 100درم ن وط ادل ارا ض إذا م

ا ن دم از. )اظر ارسوم اب 2 و3)

Grifthsذر أن ك رر أر ره Boersmaو

رأ رود ر 12.6 وأ %30 ت ار

ء

2015و

2013

ن

طا

دم

إ

ن

ءو .(NBD) طوا د تارا ك ت

ا

ا

ر

ادم

ات

ات

س

ا

ا

ا

ن

ل

%3 ن

أل

إ

.(IMF) ودا دا قود رد ف ن لأ يأ اوت

ط ةدارا لودا ىدإ ةدا را تارا د

و أر ارق اوط ق ح ظو ادم

%4حل دم اغز ى ربة ن بن كل 100درهم

ن وط ادخل

المخطط :1دعم الطاقة في منطقة الشرق األوسط وشمال فریقیا

ي

م

ج

ي

ح

ج

ن

ة

س

ر

ع

2 0 1 5

م

ع

ي

م

ص

الدعم بعد خصم الضرائب باعتباره نسبة من الناتج المحلي اإلجمالي

HIS المصدر: صندوق النقد الدولي

25-

20-

15-

-10

-5

00 5 10 15 20 25 30

البحرین

یران

العراق

األردن

الكویت

لبنان

عمان

قطر

اإلمارات العربیة المتحدالمملكة العربیة السعودیة

الیمن

بعد

الدعم

=الفقاعة

حجم

بالملیار

الضرائب

خصم

(اسمي

)دوالر مریكي


14/16ظبي

وصنا بي

تجارة

فرغل

ظوح


خص ذي

ا نوا س لود ن ةدار ظوأ ل

ظوأ طا رأ د ق ح ظو ادم. و

و .طا ارظ ر جا ف ن ر

اووت

رأس

طا

دم

وظ

إح

ظل

ذك

ظرا بء ا ا ن ادم اذي ؤدي دول ال

ا فادا دأ نو اذ توا و .زا داز إ

وا

ار

اظ

و

ا

طوي

ا

وادن ط ا ن ن ب ان

وطت ا .ون اول ن إد اوازن ارن

واظ

ال

وادرة

ا

اطت

ن

ا

و أر وي ح اح ا ظاو

واء. إ دم ماداو مادا وا قو

ا

ن

%6.5 دل

ادة

را

ارات

طا

ول از اط اب ا ا

را

ار

ون

أن

را

ن

.ا

ك

ن

ار

أن ذا ارع نو و طا ز

_ و _ ارع ف از ن أن م

ارء

أر

ارع

ون

أن

ون

.أ

ارء

ف

و ون ن ب ان إذا اذ دار

ا عط ن نا رأ نأ ن ف

اوى

ظوأ

ظراء

ر

ل

ر

د

.ا ىو ر لاز أ ر ا

كشا أو قسا دا

ا

روا

اط

إدى

طا

دم

وظ

ت

إح ا أوظ دار اوات ارة.

ون از ا وراء ادة ن ادم و ض ود

وُد ذا و أد أر ارت ر ا ك اوق.

ر

ادم

ذا

ن

إذا

اظر

ض

ادم

ارا

وض

ل

)

أو

(اك

أو

د

ورة

)

إدى رت إج ا او و ل ن أر

اوق). ذك ن أي ط أو رار ؤدي إ ل ار ن

.ادم

أواع

ن

و

اره

ن

اوق

وى

ا

ان

و

طا

دم

از

د

د

ون ا لزا و .مد ا فد

نو ا و طا ل و ا زا

ا ن ةد أ طرو أ د ر

.را

ة

زا

ارى

زا

واراق

ناو يرا عطا نا و

ن أن ون ف اطع ا و اوص

ار

او

.ا

ادرة

زز

و

طا

ل اط أد وال اج ار دد ن ات

طو واورق ا داواو ل اب

ؤرا

طا

ف

ون

ث

.ادن

اطق

او

را

طط

ا

ارارات

اذ

ا ذ س إدارات ارت ا ك اطت.

ارم م ظو ادم أ ض واطن ف

ظرا ن رن. ن أن ذه اواطن ظل ل ش

اذي

ا

ار

ل

ادم

ن

ظرا

أ

و

اول

اب

ا بطا عرا د اون

ر ن ال اد. ون أن ؤدي ذك إ ال

ر ال وارد اط و .اب ا و أن

أل

ظم

ل

.وا

زات

ر

ون

ادم


15/16

في بوظبي

دعم طاقة

رجي

دل

م س 2016

مخص لسي سة

2

احوت

3 ا أو قا

5 ا تار م

7 ا

وت

IHS ؤ

:اف

ورة


www.linkedin.com/company/abu-dhabi-chamber

ContactsIHS Global GmbH,

Bleichstrasse 1, 60313 Frankfurt, Germany

Ralf Wiegert


[email protected]

+49 (0)69 20973 320

+49 (0)151 42628 143

Matthias Herles


[email protected]+49 (0)69 20973 218

+49 (0)174 1946560

Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce & Industry,

P.O. Box 662, Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.

Ohan S Balian, Ph.D.

Chief Economist – Abu Dhabi Chamber

of Commerce & Industry

[email protected]


+971 2 617 7470

www.ihs.com :IHS سس م نع ةذ

(ور وورك: (IHSاؤ ارادة ور اوت IHS

را لا ل ا ةرؤا تا تاو وارؤى

اوت ا .د اؤت ار واوت أر ن 165

ا

ا

وات

ال

اوى

ام

ول

ود

دم اذ رارات IHS ؤ رو ا را مدا قرطو

ؤ

أن

ذر

ُ

.او

را

ارات

وو

ؤرة

وأت إدى ارت IHSرت ال اري ذ م 1959

.2005 م

وورك

رو

اداول

ر ر راو مادا وا ق IHS ؤ لاوو

را

ادة

وت

وورادو

و

إود

د

را

وظف ار رب ن 9000ص 31 دو ول ام. و

وؤسا خإو رشا عبطا قوح رطخإ

ظ أ و ةر ر 2016 © وق ار

و

ي

أو

ل

أي

رإ

أو

زو

أو

اور

ذا

ن

زء

وز

ظو

اوق

دون

ا

أو

ورا

اول

ن

ذك

ر

أو

ال

أو

وا

ا

أو

ا

ذك

دا ات ارة اُدر ن ادات اول إذن ط ق ن ار

ر ار اوح وب ون وق اط وار.

:إ

رل

ر

ر

اب

ر

اول

طت

دم

ا زو ر ق

ظ أ و ةر ر را ا

ص.ب: 662 رع اورش

ف: 6214000 2 971+

+971 2 6215867 :س

[email protected] :ورا درا

(اد- اس) - 3:00م 8:00ص

ادة

را

ارات

ط


16/16

مخص لسي سة

جر لد

بظوب ف

اطقة

دم

www.ihs.com نوب

2016

رس


Documents

Ohan Balian 2016 Reference Guide for Energy Subsidies in Abu Dhabi. Policy Brief, Issue 03-24022016, March 2016