Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Offsite Watering Facilities for Managed Grazing
Jerry Clarke, Glenn Gately & Craig Schrader
Jefferson County Conservation District
March 30, 2017
Outline• Why water off-channel ?• Water Sources • Delivery Systems • Applicable RCW’s
Bacterial Diseases• Salmonella• Shigella• Escherichia• Listeria• Yersinia• Campylobacter• Vibrio• Leptospira
Viral Diseases• Adenovirus• Rotavirus• Astrovirus• Norovirus• Enterovirus• Hepatitus A• Hepatitus E
Potential Diseases From Eating Shellfish
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
FC/1
00
mL
Chimacum Creek at Chimacum School
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
Oct
-15
No
v-1
5
Dec
-15
Jan
-16
Feb
-16
Mar
-16
Ap
r-1
6
May
-…
Jun
-16
Jul-
16
Au
g-1
6
Sep
-16
FC/1
00
mL
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
Downstream
Upstream
Doing what we can to keep manure out of our streams improves the odds of keeping shellfish disease-free and of keeping us healthy.
SourcesSpring Stream Pond or lake RainfallWell Municipal
Looking at your primary source Is a municipal source available? What is the cost?
Is well water reliable? Adequate volume?
Surface Water Location Quality of source water
Rainwater Storage
Spring
Pond
Pump house or Municipal Source
Pipeline system pumping options Gravity feed systems Municipal water supply Electric powered pumps Solar powered pumps Gas or diesel powered pumps Windmill pumping systems
Cattle Farm in Clallam Bay
• Challenge: Winter water source
• Annual rainfall in Clallam Bay: 80”
• Available roof surface area: 1,750 sq. ft.
• Runoff - 62.5 gals./1inch rain/100 sq. ft. of roof area.
• 87,500 gallons of rainwater could be captured
Rainwater Catchment Systems
Costs• Cistern: $425
• Gravel Pad: $300
• Pipe & fittings: $325
• 100 gallon trough: $75
• Installation Costs: $975
Total Cost: $2,100
Pipeline to trough
Float Valve
Overflow
Screen on
gutters
Roof Washing
So what exactly is a roof washer?A roof washer is a device or even simply a method for removal of sediment and debris from collection surfaces shortly after the rain has started to fall. This is usually accomplished by diverting the initial rainfall away from entry into the rainwater harvesting storage tanks or cistern.The better roof washers will usually have a debris screen. A good debris screen will protect the roof washer from the damage that is caused by waste and vermin. Usually the debris screen should be corrosion resistant.A good roof washer will automatically divert the first 0.02 inches of rainfall per 24 hour period per square feet of roof area away from the rainwater harvesting storage tanks or cisterns.
Costs • 2 x 150 Gallon Troughs: $240
• Downspout Diverter: $25
Downspout Diverter Detail
Overflow
to drywell
Pipe to
float
valve
on
trough
Photo courtesy of Gardner's Supply
Roof Washing
•Water Storage is first limiting factor
•Amount of precipitation is second limiting factor
•Rule of Thumb – 500 gal of storage per 1,000 lb. animal
Roofwater for Livestock (82" annual precip.)
Monthly
precip
Runoff
gal.
Water need
per day*
1,000#
Water
need per
animal per
month
Number
of
1,000#
animals
total
water
needed
per
month
cumulative
runoff
minus
needs
Cumulative
runoff minus
needs with
1,100 gal tank
Cumulative
runoff minus
needs with
2,000gal
tank
Jan 13.55 14,820 8.5 264 4 1,054 13,766 46 946
Feb 9.81 10,730 9 252 4 1,008 23,488 138 1,938
Mar 8.43 9,220 9.5 279 4 1,116 31,592 122 2,000
April 5.25 5,742 11 330 4 1,320 36,015 -98 2,000
May 3.15 3,445 13 403 4 1,612 37,848 -610 2,000
June 2.44 2,669 14 420 4 1,680 38,837 -1,190 2,000
July 1.65 1,805 20.5 636 4 2,542 38,099 -2,632 1,458
Aug 1.52 1,663 20 620 4 2,480 37,282 -4,012 978
Sept 3.15 3,445 14 420 4 1,680 39,047 -4,592 1,298
Oct 7.85 8,586 12 372 4 1,488 46,145 -4,980 1,810
Nov 11.16 12,206 10 300 4 1,200 57,151 -5,080 2,610
Dec 14.29 15,630 8.5 264 4 1,054 71,727 -5,034 3,556
Total 82.25 89,961
roof area 1750
gal/sq
ft/1"
precip 0.625
Water piped from well
Pro’s: Reliable Clean water
Con’s: Cost?
Quantity
Hydraulic Ram Pumps
•Use gravity flow of water
•Pump water up 3’ for every 1’ of fall.
Solar Powered
Solar Powered
Pump Types
Floating
Submersible
Surface
Float Switch
Charge
Controller
Battery
Solar Pumps • Remote locations – no electric • Low maintenance • Expensive • Not easily portable • 3 Day Water Reserve
WATER – WATER RIGHTS – DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY – RULES AND REGULATIONS
– Interpretation of statutory language exempting withdrawals of groundwater for stock-watering from permitting requirements.
1. RCW 90.44.050 exempts withdrawals of groundwater for stock-watering purposes from the permitting requirement, without setting a numeric limit on the quantity of water withdrawn.2. The Department of Ecology does not have authority to impose a categorical limit on the quantity of groundwater that may be withdrawn for stock-watering without a permit. In certain circumstances, the Department of Ecology’s statutory authority to regulate the use of water may affect or limit such withdrawals, just as it may affect or limit withdrawals for other purposes.3. An agency may not alter its interpretation of a statute in a manner that is inconsistent with statutory language and legislative intent to address changed societal conditions.
WA ATTORNEY GENERAL OPINION 12-18-2005
POL-1025 WATER RESOURCES PROGRAM POLICY
Resource Contact: Policy and Technical Support Effective Date: 10/7/94Section
Revised: NEW
References: Chapters 90.03 and 90.22 RCW
POLICY FOR CONVEYING STOCKWATER AWAY FROM STREAMS TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY
Purpose: To provide a simple, consistent response to water right related issues when conveying stockwater away from
streams to protect water quality and stream habitat.
Application: This policy applies to all water resource staff when responding to inquiries or inspecting diversions intended to
remove livestock from streams for the purpose of protecting water quality and stream habitat. This policy does not
apply to stockwatering relating to feedlots and other activities which are not related to normal stock grazing land uses.
1. ECOLOGY SHALL ENCOURAGE CONVEYANCE OF STOCKWATER AWAY FROM STREAMS FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PROTECTING WATER QUALITY.The Department of Ecology recognizes that removing livestock from streams will
protect water quality and improve vegetative zones associated with stream banks. Small amounts of water may be
diverted (screened and piped) to nearby stockwater tanks for consumption by livestock. If a float or demand type valve
is not used, the tank overflow must return to the same source, at or near the point of diversion. The stock tank must
serve stock which normally range that parcel of property. The quantity consumed from the stock tank should not
exceed the quantity consummed if the stock drank directly from the stream.
2. 2. SYSTEMS DESIGNED TO CONVEY STOCKWATER TO A STOCK TANK MUST HAVE A MINIMUM IMPACT TO
THE BYPASSED REACH OF THE STREAM.Stockwater tanks shall be located close to the surface water source, and
have as short a bypass reach as possible, while affording protection to the water body, stream bank, and associated
vegetative zone.
The decision to divert stockwater from the stream and into a tank does not constitute an adjudication of any claim to the
right to the use of the water as between the claimant and the state, or as between one or more water use claimants
and another or others.
