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Offshore Oil Formation
The formation of oil takes a tremendously
long time. Millions of years ago plants and
animals of the oceans died & settled on the
ocean floor. While large organisms
contributed to the oil it was often the mass
of small and microscopic organisms that
contributed the bulk of the carbon for OIL.
Over many thousands of years bacterial
action and extreme pressure from layers of
sediment converted the organic matter to oil
& gas. The extreme pressure came form the
continuous build up of sediment. The
pressure created tremendous amounts of
heat which helped the process along.
The oil moved within the soil and oil reserves
formed when non-porous rock lay above
porous rock. Oil seeps up through the porous
rock & is trapped by the non-porous rock.
Sedimentary Basins of Canada
1. Western Canada Sedimentary Basin
(our primary source of oil)
2. Hudson Bay Basin
3. Mackenzie and Banks Basins
4. Canadian Arctic Basin
5. Baffin Bay
6. Labrador Sea Shelves
7. Scotian Shelf
8. Grand Banks
9. Anticosti
10. Maritimes Basins.
Atlantic
Sedimentary Basins
Oil (light-green lines
and blobs) and
gas (red lines)
in the Hibernia
Formation (yellow)
in the Carson Basin,
mainly in stratigraphic
traps. The brick colour
underlying the oil and
gas stream lines
represents the Egret
type
source rock.
Hibernia Cross Section
Oil and Gas Traps
All oil and gas traps have
1. a nonporous rock cap and
2. a porous rock source.
The porous rock allows the oil to seep into
the cavity and the nonporous rock prevents
the oil from leaving.
Oil Reserves
Fold Trap: the up fold or anticline in the layers of the
earth's crust form the reservoir.
Oil Reserves
Fault Trap: the
vertical
movement of the
earth's crust
forms a v-
shaped
reservoir.
Oil Reserves
Salt Dome Trap:
The salt dome
forms an up-fold
in the earth's
crust not unlike
the anticline
caused by
tectonic forces.
Oil Reserves
Stratigraphic trap:
has a former
limestone reef as
its porous rock
feeding the
reservoir.