OFFPRINT FROM

THE

ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE

World Lislt Abhviarion, 4th ed. (1963): Entomologist's mon. Mug.

Published by Gem Publishing Company, Brightwell, Wallingford, Oxfordshire

A REVIEW OF T H E BRITISH PNKOh'lA WINYERTZ AND

TRIC'HON7'A WINNERTZ (DIP'I ., MYCETOPHILIDAE)

7'l ic Hriti\h \pcc ic \ 0 1 ' I ' /I,-(JJ~I(~ \Vlnncrtz a n d 7i.ic./to111<1 \Viniicrrr h:~\.c hccn r c \ i \ cd . rcbulting in the ;~rlciition ol' clc\ ,cn \pecic,$ t o thc Rrlli \h IList. Ihc rcin\t ; i tcmcnt ftolil \?11onq1ii\. o l 7i./c./rci111tr J I ~ ~ J . J / I ~ / ( I Ecl\~arcl\ . the dc sc r i p t i c~~ i o l P / I J . ~ J ~ I ~ I / t i ~ . s o / t i auc.tt.. ncc (St ; tcgcr) ;11ic1 1'. O i ( . 0 / 0 1 . \ ~ I ~ \ L I (;;iy1C: ; I \ IIC'A. \pccic\ ~ 1 1 d \ o ~ i i c o ~ t i c r t i o ~ i ~ c ~ i c l ; i t ~ ~ r ~ i I c.liati~c.\ in that \pecic\ g r c i ~ ~ p ( " I c ~ I - \ < J / ~ J " g r o u p )

I K ' ~ K O L I U ( " ~ 1 0 N

The British fauna of two closely allied genera of Mycetophilini requires review following the work\ of Gagn6 o n the Nearctic P11ror1in (1075) and Holarctic Tt.ic.hotrm (1981). Gagn i indicated that the two genera constitute a nionophylctic group but did not establish whether the alx)~norphous characters o n which Pllrotlili is defined were d ~ l e to nionophyly within the group. He further suggested that tlie Chilean Tric,liorltrr species might he the sister g ro i~p of the Holarctic Trichot~tn :incl F'l~ro~~itr togclhcr; P l ~ r o t ~ i n is an irlmost entirely Holarctic gcnus which probably has its origin in this region.

The genera are thus provisionally conctitutcd ac in the generic rc- vision hy Eclwards (1975) except that i,irlc~trt~i Ilzicdzicki was trans- fcrrcd to Tric,horrlu from Pl~rotritr by GagnG ( 1075). Its posterior fork is shorter than tlie median fork (although longer than in most Phro11iii) but the long vein Sc ending in R and presence of :I b:rs;rl seta on the hind coxa suggested that it was best assigned to the ~ ~ l e s i ~ ~ m o ~ - p l i o u s ;rsseml>lirgc of species in Tt.ic.lloirrrr.

Ed\vards ( 1025) recognised 21 species ol' I'llrotiicr (including t~irlcc~rii) zrntl I1 of Tric.11otirrr in British m;rterial. Another Pl~ronici was added hy Freern;rn (1956). Then. in the revised Chcck List (Hutson in Kloet & Hinck4. 1076), two species (Pllroriilr tlrczlrr~o~v,sk~i Dzied~icki and P. c1cytrrr.s Dzieclzicki) wurr deleted bccausc thcy were basecl on mis- identifications t > \ Edwards (Hutson. pers. comm.): ;rlso I'. hicolor. D ~ i c c l ~ i c k i \V;IS pl~rced in synonymy irnder P. itrr.strtir (Stacger) follow- ing F1ackrn;rn ( 107(1) ~vhile ttrrslrltr sensu Edwards was omitted because I lackman had suggested that British ~natcrial might represent an un- clcscribed species. Some other nornenclatural changes proposcd by l i ackn~an (1970) \\.ere also adopted in the Check List but some of these were not ~rccepted by Gagni. and the further changes necessary are indicatecl belo\v. L'I~rot~icl pe~sit~ii1i.s H;rck~n:rn was introduced as British in the Check List and details of the Rritish records are gi\en here. C ~ a g n C (1974) had also dealt with the Canarian Phroniu descrihed hy Becker and had shown that biurciraru (Becker) was the valid name for the species called pr.oeco.\. bq E d ~ , a r d s and cited as johur~t~uc Steenbcrg in the 1976 Check List.

238 ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY MAGAZINE

Some changes to the British list of Tricltontrr have also been made since the publication of the Check List. Two additional species were recognised in suction trap material from Monk's Wood. Cambs. (Cole cYr Chandler. I979), i.e. frr.sca Landrock and a new species described as pirlc~hrn by Gagnd (1981). T. ,fii.sc.n has not been found elsewhere but T. prrlchrn has bcen found in Oxfordshire recently. Gagnd (1981) recog- nised T. .srrhtnnc~rrlutn (Staeger) (previously placed as n synonym of virtu (Meigen) as distinct but he reduced trigritriln Edwards to syn- .

onymy ~ ~ n d c r virtu, a decision which required confirmation in view of the loss of the type material of nigritrilu; recent material agreeing with Edwards' descriptio~l is here considered distinct from \~itt(i. G q n 6 also cited the first British record of c.1n1~ig~r.n Lundstriim, for which addi- tional records are given here. Two other non~enclaturnl changes nffect- ing the British fauna were also made by him.

In the present work, two Tric,hot~tu (jrugilis Gagn6, hrigatitiu sp. n . ) and nine Phrotrio (c(rligit~os(r Dziedzicki. cgrpgia Dzicdzicki, c.lec,tcr Dziedzicki. lotrgelnntrllrrtcr Strobl. t71rrtaOilis Dziedzicki. pt.tulatls Dziedzicki. l~ortschin.skyi Dziedzicki. .srrdc~tica Dziedzicki, .syh~aticu Dziedzicki) are introduced to the British list, and Trichotitrr trigritriler Edwards is reinstated. In addition P. rrrtxrrter sensu Edwards is given a new name (c,orirrrt~icrr sp. n . ) , while hicolor Dziedzicki is deleted as its inclusion by Edwards (1913. 1925) is considered to have been based on misidentifications. G a p e (1975) appears to havc misapplied the name hicolor and his ,fii.sci~~otrri.s van Duzee is here placed as a synonym of . the true hic,olor wliilc the European species c.nr.s.sitursus Hackman, not found in Britain. is restored to specific rank: the hicolor of Gagnk was found to be an unnamed north American species. described as new here (gugtrc~i sp. n . ) .

rRI('HO.Vfi1 LVINNETITZ. IS03

The male genitalia o f all species studied by Gagnd (1981) were figured: he also keyed all known northern hemisphere species: and provided f i g~~re s of all British species except those f i g~~red here. The females havc not been recognised in all cases but the greater range of chaetotactic characters permit the association of the wxes on a surer basis than is yet possible in I'lrrot~irr and external character\ can be L I S C ~ with more confidence for iclentification.

As with Phr.otrirr there is a large boreal element and Scandinavia is the richest region in Europe, folIowed by the mountainous areas of central Europe. Of the 46 Nearctic species. 28 are Holarctic (27 Euro- pean) and 14 occur in the British Isles. A further 14 recognised by Gagnd in Europe include 5 British species: the recognition of ttigriruler and the species described here as new bring the British list to 21. Hackman (1980) listed 32 valid species (15 of them British) from Fin- land. while Matile (1977) and Gagnk (1981) recorded 13 species from France ( 1 1 of them British).

ENT'OMOI-OGIST'S MONI'HLY M A G A L I N E 239

Nomcnc la tu r~~ l changes in British Tric,llotlrrr proposcd by C;;~gne (1081)

7'richorrrrr tr[~rc.trlis Strohl. IS07 = l~c.r~rc~li.\ Landrock. 1013 7'ticllorrctr orric.clrrd(l (Zct tcr \ tcdt . 1851) = ~rr~l t r~r i r r -o \en\u Eel\\ AI-cls. 191.7 1025 Triclrorrrc~ fic,tlo Loew. 1869 = ,~c~r-c,trr~cr Edward\. 1925 Tr ichorr~r~ rr~clorrrrrtr (St;~cgcr. IS-lO) = orricorrtltr \cn\u Ecl\va~-ds. 1')1.3 193- Tricllorrrrt rrigrirrrltr Ed\val-ds. IU25 i n r.l.l.ilr considcl-ed - \.i/rtr (hlciycn. IS.30)

The synonymy of upicnlis with vc~rrlrrlis was bascd on compnri5on o f Landrock's figure with the type of rrpic.rr1i.s.

Gagnc established that Edwards had misapplied the names rrtr~ic~rrr~tl~i and nzclrrtz~rru and their usage is reversed from that of most earlier authors. Both species are frequent in the British Isles a n d reliably separated only by their male genitalia.

Although Loew's type o f ,foedn was :i female. GagnC. wa4 able to establish its identity by comparison uith a reared series: Edwards' holotypc of stprentzrr, unlike the othcr Tric.hotrtcr typcs mentioned below, is still extant at the Natural History Museum. London.

Edwards (1925) described Tric.horlra nigritrrlrr from a single male closely resembling thc common i~ittrr but with h~,a l ine wings (usually dark shaded near wing tip in v i ~ r r ) and a shorter vein Sc. Gagne (1981) stated that the type of t~igritulu was lost (together with those of ic,criicrr

'

Edwards and trrminrrlis Walker and all of these are unaccount:~bly missing from the separate British Type Collection in the Natural History Museum, London) but did not consider Edwards' figures of the genitalia to differ in any significant way from 1,ittn. He did not mention Edwards' statement that the genitalia were black in tiigrit~rlri (yellow o r sometimes light brown in vittrr) so the synonymy was open to doubt pending the discovery of further such specimens. Recent collections from water traps in East Anglia (Norfolk: Catfield. Bran- caster, Sutton; Suffolk: Walberswick) during the survey by A . Foster and D. Proctor vii-xii.1988189, included numerous examples with the characters described by Edwards. Similar specimens have since been seen from Wychwood. O s o n , x.89 (K. Porter, malaise trap) and Ox- wich, Glamorgan, x.89 (Holrnes, Boj,cc. & R r r d ) . The darker more sclerotised genitalia (figs 1-2) differ in detail from virta (figs 3-4). the row of long setae near the ventrocaudal margin of the gonocoxite and aedeagal structure being diagnostic of nigritulrr, which is therefore considered a good species.

Species introduced as British by Gagne (1981)

Trichontu c la~~igeru Lundstrom, 1913: 309 This is a medium sized dark coloured species, known only from

Europe. Gagne recorded it from Brockenhurst. Hants and other records are mainl\ from old forest areas.

Tric,hot~trt ~ ~ t ~ l c ~ l i r l t G;rgnC. IYS 1 : 25 This was cited as .'>p. near trigrirula Ecl\vards" h!. Colc C!! Chanillcr

( 1979) hecausc i t ran to couplet 1 1 in Edivards' ( 1 93) ke), (cxcept in 1x)swssing several posterior setae on the hind tibiae) and rcscmblcd t~ i~yr i t l t l~ i n its d;rrk genit;rli;r. Some of the Monk's Wood example.; were cited ;l4 p;rr;rtypes and the holot!.pc t ' r o~~ i Ont:~rio wits the only other known specirnen. Malaise trap material collected in I9SS-S9 in Oxon (Cothill; Sparturn Fen; Wychwood) ( K . I'orlo.) pro\,icled somc fresh ~ ~ i a t c r i a l o f polcAra. ,411 British specimens have the peticllc of thc ~mster ior fork scto.;e so \vould run t o rtpic.ct1i.v in GagnC'x kc!,. h ~ ~ t they differ in hu\.ing Sc ending free. brighter hod!. coloration and en~ise ly dark hrown genitalia (gonostyli contr;rstcil .c l low in rrpic,rtli.s).

ENTOMOLOGIST'S MON1'HLY M A G A Z I N E 24 1

Tric.hot~tn srrh~?lciclrlattr (Staeger. 1840: 251) Edward.; (1924) placed this name in synonymy with ijittrr (Meigen).

for which it had previously been ~ ~ s e d . when he studied Meigen.4 collection. Gagne. however, found that a previously unrecognised species was also present in Staeger's type series and so raised the name from synonymy. It is :I widespread European species. rcportcd from England by Gagne. I have seen specinlens from many deciduous wood- land localities throughout Britain north to Sutherland.

Species new to the Hrisith List

Trichonta brigantia sp. 11.

C l r ~ l c . I-lead and I>o~ly mainly hro\\.n. prey duhted, AI~ICI~I~;IC, \\it11 1);1\;11 ~C~I~ICIIIS ;II~CI hare o f Irrst Il;~gell;~r segment ycllo\v. rer l brown. more 111;11i vice I ~ ~ r i g t t i 01' l i e ; ~ ~ l i~lill:l t h l~ rax topether. Palpi )cl low. D o r \ u m o l thorax \vrrh rhrcc d ;~ rk~ , r l'itiritly sliinirig stripes o n an entirely grey Justed gro l~r i t l inclutlirig I i umer i~ l areas. Pro~litrracic rclc~.rtc\ !cl lo\\ . I7rown o n disc.: prothoracic \pir;~cle yelltr\v. rest t r l pleura hrtr\vn, blcsaric~~istcrnurrl \vitli 4 strong rc t ;~e {In po\tcrodorsal rii;~l-gin: nietepistcrnum ~vi thout sr ro~ig sclac. only fine hairs: scutcllum \ \ i th 4 strong set;~e. Ahclt~rnen I )~on,n: genital^;^ lipht I>rt~v,~i. gonortvlus paler on l ront 11i;irgin 5 - 0 ) . 1l:iitercs !cllo\v. Legs yclloiv. hint1 Icmora i1nt1 til)i:~e

Figs 5 - 6 . - Male gcnitil l ia of Tr ic i~o~ t r t i h r i ~ i i ~ ~ l i c r sp. n. 5. vcntr;rl view; h. posterior 01' gi>nostylus.

n:~rroul!. ~ l a r k c n c d apic;~ll! H ~ n c i i.ox;~ \\ i thout ~,o\rcroh;~\;il w t a . \omc,time\ ;I \\e;ik \eta 1.~11-IIICI- fro111 b;i\c. [ I I I ~ J tiOi:~I \CI;IC: S - h a. i c l ( \ I i o i t c ~ ~ t11;11i clcpth o i t ~ l l i ; ~ ) . 1:-l.: \h<11,1 p 011 i1pic;iI l i i~ l l . to t\vo rliircls. 0-1 ;I-\,. .3 \ l iort l>-\, 11c;lr Ill?. \V1119 I I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ > I - : I I I ~ I i ! ; l l i~i~. hut \vitI1 di\tinct hro\\,ni\li mill-king on i ~p ica l t t i i l c l ~ , \ t~wc l ing I ' ron~ CO\I;I h c ! ~ > n ~ l l<,. A l i t c r i o ~ - cdgc <>I \villg <rr;~ipl i t . \'eili Sc Ion;. cllcling i r l K more rh;in Iiall'\v,i! ro IJ;I\~, 0 1 K \ . bf Iork ins ;I littlc' hc!oncl Ic\.c~i o l K \ Fo lk \.c.irl\ \clo\c a lmos~ to Iha\c~. tllc,ir p~,t iolc\ harv. p o \ ~ c r i o r h ra~ ic l l o i po\ tcr ior i17rL o n l \ \11gl i t I~ \ ~ I ~ L I O L I \ Veil1 '2 \ t ~ i l l i g . \i.li)\~~ 011

I?a\;~l tlircc, quarter\. i i l ~ l i i l p to I c \c I o i I,;I\C 01' ~ O \ I C ~ I O I - l 'oik. \\'ill2 I ~ ~ ~ i ~ t l i 3 7 - 4 0 111111.

t?/r~ol[, . \:nkno\v~i

Holotype 6: E N t i I . A N i ) : N . Yorks. Birk Gill, 5.s.1985. 1,y \\oorled stream (Cl~rrtlrllct., deposited in Natiu-;ll History Museum. L o n d o n ) . Paratypcs: 6, same data ;IS holotype; d. N . Yorks. <;unner~ide. 5.x. 1085 ( l F . . L t ) d. N . Yorks, Highscrce Wood. X-I5.s. l980 (R. H. L . Di . s t lc~ , ) ; d. Derbyshire. Goyt Valley. 24,s. l040 (If. Hritrrtl, Livel-pool Museum).

Discussion In Gagne's key T. hrigrrtlri(r runs to fir.s~.il,et~tri.s \a11 Duzec. ;I \vest-

ern Nearctic speciesdiffering in genital structure. in ha\,ing 6 strong scutcllars and only 3-7 posterior setae on the hind tibia. Its gcnitali;~ rnore closely rcscmble /ulcrrtn 1,undstriim. to n,hich i t runs in Edwnrds' (192.5) key. but they diftcr in rnanj, det;~ils; firl(,trrrr also differs in having a strong posterobasal on the hind coxn, two long metepisternals. thc petiole of the Cu-fork setose and thc \+gins entirel! hyaline.

The specific name follows Edw;~rds, who named 7'. icctricrr after the a~lcient Celtic tribe who inhabited the region \vhere the type material originated.

This is a little known Hol:~rctic species. which appears to be mainly northern and western in the British Isles. M:~teri;~l examined is more brightly coloured than the types. The mesoscuturn is yellon, with threc brown stripes and thcre are extensive yellow ~tbdominal mi~rkings (tcrgites 1-5 yellow laterally. extended dorsally on hind margin of 2-5). The female. not previously recognised. rcsernbles the male irncl has slender fore tarsi.

hlarcrial cxnminccl (S 6. 2 i ) ) . E N C i L A N D : Q. C'unii1ria. C'o1111iion \\'ocltl. 10.\. 101)1 ( l) . G;/>/),\); 2 6. l l c \ ~ o ~ i . cl~ucl lciyh Rocks. 3 I . \ . l 9 7 S (J.11. C'o11, 'C C.11i111dlcr); 9'. Devon. nc:ir Knap Mill. Z.\;i.11)7S ( f ' h r~ t r~ l l r~ i - ) : d. Suri-c'): St;lllliur\r M'ooci. 10 \ . l 0 0 1 ( C ~ / ~ u i ~ ~ l l ~ ~ r ) . SC'OI'ILAND: d. Pc~ntishire, C~-;~ igh:~ l l . -l.\il. l077 (I C;. Ili f.i,i~rz ): 0'. Invrl-ness. A\ . icmorc. I.i.vi.lO8-l ( D . . l l . A t h l i i ~ r t l ) : c f . Invc~rrie\\ . B ~ ~ l l ; l c l ~ n m Nul-n. Ih.vi.1OS-I ( A . E . .S'~iit>hs): Q. Mor;~?. Logic. ~ S . \ I I ~ - ~ ~ . ~ Y . I ' J O ~ (F. J[,riXi/rroii. ('ilni- t>ridgc IJn i \cr \ i ty Mu\curn) . I R E L A N D : d. Wick lo~v . Glen o f thc Do\ \n<. i . x . lYSI I (C'horrt l l~~r ) .

Re\ ised Check List of British 7-~.ic.lioiltir

(indicating changes to thc I-i\t providcd by Hutyon in Kloct c! flinck\. 1976)

~ I / J I ~ iiilr h t lohl . IS97 Ne\\ \! 11011y11ly ((i:lgll?. I081 ) l ~ ( ~ i l l ~ l l l \ l ;111tl1 0cL. 191.7

o / i ~ ( triitlii (%c l t c r r l c t l~ . 1857) Nc\\ I I ~ I L , I ~ > I C [ : I ~ I O ! ~ ((ii1g11C. 1081) I I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I I I I . ~ ~ : CcI\\arcl\. 1025. ncc. S l a c g c ~ .

IS40 / I \ \ / ( i i i i ~ l ~ i . EcI\\aril\. 191.7. 11c.c.

( Z c t t c ~ - ~ t c c l t . 1852) l ~ ; i ~ f ~ l o i ~ l.illl~lroc.!,, l 0 l2 />I I ~ ~ I I I I ; ( I \ p 11 i\tldc.d ~n prc\cnt p ; ~ p c r ( / i i~ , ig i , r i~ I ~ L I I ~ ~ I \ ~ I O I ~ ~ . I0 1.7 Aclclccl I)! Ci;~pnC. 1081 /c~/(,ci/(i l . ~ ~ ~ i c l \ t r o ~ i i . l[) l l /7ir1,ic orillcc 1 - ~ ~ ~ l c l a t ~ o m . 1014 /oc2t/o L.oc\v. I SO') Nc\\ \! non)m) ((iagn;. I')Sl )

\ /c~-crir~it Eel\\ :arcl\. 1075 /I tr,qilic (i;lgnC. 1VS1 \clclcd in pl.<\cnl ~papel- /ricc.ri Lancll.oc.!,. l 0 IS .-\clclc.cl b) ('olc. S ('1iancllc.r. l081 11(111zci~(i Mi!,. ISSO ic.r,rrrc.i~ Ecl\\arcl\. 1925 rric~ltiriiirti (Stiacgcr. IS40) Ncv ~ ~ i t c ~ - l ~ r e r ; l t ~ o n ( ( i i~pni . . IUS1)

iri~~lrrr~ol)\~gci (Zcttcr\tcclt . 1852) ii /~.~~~[iii(/ci: F.cI\v;a~-cl>. lcJ25 11cc

( Z ~ , t t c l a t c d t . IS i2 ) ri~~qri/i i /(~ EcI\\:arcl\. I e J ? Rcin\la[ccl ~n prcscnt 1lapc.r ;litcl I i i ~ v ~ n g

b c ~ , n non>m~\c.cl \v~rh I , I ~ / ~ I b y ciilyll?. 1t)Sl

f~iilc Irrii (ii1g112. leJS l Addccl h! C;;~pn?. 1081 s i i /~f i i \ i~ , i l .~~~ id \ [ r t i l l i . lc)OcJ v ~ i h ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ o l , ~ / r i (Sr;lcgcl . lS-10) Rirl\ccl Ilwm rynonymy by (iag11C. IOSI I~,I.III;II~I/I\ (h'i11Lc1 . 1x50) l~c,,lo\ri (St;1c.gc.r. IS-10) a.i//ri (Mcigcn. I 830) I iile~orri (1171ccI7i~Li. ISSU)

PHRO.L'I,q LYINNERTZ. IS63

Although GagnC (1975) dealt in detail only with the Nearctic species. of the 49 recognised. 33 were found to be Holarctic in distribution and I9 of these occur in the British Isles. His comments on habits and biology are also applicable to the British fauna. A check list of all names proposed in the genus, with indication of those likely to be valid, was included. There are at least 29 further European species (several others known from females only) of which 12 occur in the British lsles so 3 1 species can now be recognised as British.

A few errors in GagnP's paper should be noted. H e cited as British forcipula Winnertz (under which name h~irnerulis Winnertz was known before Hackman's work) and p e t u l a n s Dziedzicki (Hackman's (1970) figure under the name was based in error o n s i g t l u t u Winnertz). also hicolor Dziedzicki and t u c z u n o n ~ s k y i Dziedzicki (British records due to misidentifications by Edwards). The first three of these are recorded

244 EN71C)MOLOGIS1 'S M O N T H L Y M A G A Z I N E

from France but the only British material that h:rs been seen is of petulun.~, which is hereby confirmed as British. Furthermore in his check list the Holarctic corrlrltrr Lundstriim irnd the Palaearctic ~l rc r r r Dziedzicki were omitted. and the Holarctic egregia Dziedzicki is in- correctly cited as Palaearctic only.

Many species are horcal and Hackman ( 1970) showed that at least 53 species occur in Finland. including all known to be f3olarctic. The British total of 31 is more akin to the 26 species recorded from France by Matilc (1977. 1980). although these included seven not found in Britain.

For figuros of the genitalia of species not figured here. the original works of Dziedzicki ( 1889). Hnckrnan ( 1 970) and Gagne ( 1975) should be consulted. Plassmann (1977) reproduced the figures of earlier authors and without knowledge of GagnG-s work provided a revised version of Landrock's (1927) key to the Palaearctic species to incor- porate those more recently described. His key is of limited \.alue hecause he used principally colour characters which are very variable in the genus. Also se\leral species ;ire misplaced in the key. even where the more constant characters of u ing marking or coloration of the hind femur are concerned and. as GagnC found. a key to this genu'; must be based o n the male genitalia.

Nornenclatural changes in British P h r o ~ ~ i t r due to Gagn6 (1973. 1975)

I'111-ot1icc I ~ i o r i ~ i r o t o (Bcchc,r. 1908) = j o l r o ~ ~ t ~ o c , Stccnlicrg. 1991 f'11ro11iil > I ~ I I ~ ~ / ( I W i ~ i ~ l c ~ ~ ~ c / . IN13 = '? ( I I I . \ / I - I ( I < . ~ I \ + ' i ~ ~ ~ i c r t z . 180.3 /'III.OII~(I . ) / I -OI I I I ( I \Ili1i1icrt7. IS(i3 = ? / l r ~ ~ . i c o l l i . s \ \ '~nncrtz. 1803

Edwartls (1925) noted that hirrl.crrrrrrr, described from the Canary Islands. had the female wing markings of his pruccox (= i011n1111rrc) in both sexes. Gagnt; (1974) fount1 the genital structure to be not signifi- cantly different and considered the Canarian form only a local vari- ation. analogous to local forms o f an allied Nearctic specios. 11cbrr1o.vrr (Johannsen). which he considered to have been isolated during the Pleistocene glaciation.

I n the use of the names rrrrstrirrcrr and flrr1.ic~ol1i.r. the British Chcck List followed Hackman ( 1970) \vho proposed use o f these names hasecl on females. Gagnt;. (1975) preferred to regard all names based o n females :IS I I O I ~ Z ~ I I ( I ~lrrhirr ;111d restc~red use of the names based o n thc males of these species.

Other recent changes in the British List of P/ i~.o~r i r r

f > / ~ ~ . o ~ ~ i r r /)e1.,~i171ili.s Hackman. 1970: 15 This \\.as recognisecl us British from a specimen taken hy Mr D . M .

Ackland and ~rddetl to the list by Hutson in Kloet & Hincks (1976). It is a small specics with the rnesoscutum mainly yellow. bearing more or less distinct dark longi t~~dinal stripes. I t is Holarctic. known from

I;N'l'OMOI.C)C;IS'I"S MONTIILY bIA(i,A%INE 215

northern NOI-tli America irncl Finland, where it is frequent. 7'he geni- talia \\.ere figured h). tlirck~n:rn (1070).

Phro / l i (~ .\.ic,l~c~./\ii Dzicclzicki. 1 XSO: -195 Kicld CC Ackland ( 1000) placed .sb~~rrrrrr Freeman. 1956 in s!,non!,rn!,

\\it11 this specie<. Flacklnirn ( 1070) was dubious about this synon!,my hilt Finnish specimen3 I Ii:r\,c esirmined are conspccific \\,it11 the British material. l'. sicOc~.kii typically has the male genitalii~ clark l)ro\vn hilt British materi;~l has them yellow. enhancing a close resemhl:~nce to the N C ~ I - c t i c l r , / ] i )o /~ i Gagn6. 7'his i i :I \vidcspreacl hut local species in Britain.

Specie3 ne\\ to the Briti4h I_i\t

Hol;r~-ctic species. kno\i.n l'ro~ii central Europe. Finland and Nor-th Amer ica (;a,cn;. figured the male gcnitali;~: Dzicdzicki ( ISS9) figill-eel thc ~ e n i t a l i a of l)otli sexes. the female i~nder the narnc /r.i~,irrrr/rr D~icclzicki.

Anothcl- t-lolirrctic species. widcspreird in Ciinacl:r and Alaska. also known fl-om (;recnland. Spitshergcn. northern Europe irnd the Alps (Girgnc. 1075. \\l10 figured the genitalia: hlatile. 1977). Since i t was cliscoverecl in wc,ods in north Wi~lcs in the autumn of 1075. several recorclx from noocl> in England as well as fens in \Vales Iiir\,e accrued and Cliirndlcr. ( 1987) recorded it from 1rel:rnd.

,A little known I'ali~earctic 3pccies. of which the types were from i'iustriir ancl C/ccho.;lovakii~. t1;rckm;rn (1070) recorded it from two districts i n soi~tl icrn Finlilncl. TIie gcnitali;~ were figul-ed h!, Dziedzicki (1SS9).

A Pnlaearctic species. known from central Europe irnd Finlancl (I iackman, 1970). Lunclstriim (I900) figured the male gcniti~lia.

A Holnrctic species. known from northern and central Europe and north America (GagnC. 1975). Genitalia of both scxes were figured hoth tly GagnC and hy Dziedzicki (1889): it is close to oht~r.sa Winnertz among British .;pecies but differs in det~ril including the shape of the aedcagus.

hlarc~- i ;~ l csa~iiiriccl (.?-I d. 2 P). E N G L A N D : L)~~rIi i ir i i . N~41 i t r I>cnc. l l.vii.1001 (( ' l ! r i~~t l lc~.) ; Not-l'c~lk ( r i i - \ i ~ . IOSS 8')). Rccdh;~~i i . Sutr<in. Wo~iclba\t\\ick. ('atlicltl (\vater traps. :l. FO.SIC.I. R 1) . I'r-oc./o~.). LVAL-ES: M'c%[ (;l;~nlc,rf;~n. ('r!.nll!.li HIIS. l.x.lOS0. I 0' I i um i~ l hc;~tti ; ~nd f ) 0'. 2 9 I'lrt.c~,q~r!i/r~\ . t l i~ l i~r~( i (I lol/tr~~.s, Dirj11, <F R c ~ c ~ i ) . S<'OT- L.ASI>: E. Ro\s. 1-clch Ulsic. IS.vi. 107(> (( ' lrr~~~ti ic,~.): E . Row. Hr;~cl,~nf\\.cll. I .i \ . IOS- l . in hmi~l l rcmn;lllr 01 C;~lccloni;l~i pine l'orc\t (Cl!~i~ir i ict-): 1nvc.1-nc\\. near ('arrh!~iclgc. I3irch

'

Iri~iscci htrc:~~i i ill c(>~iil 'cr p I : ~ ~ i t ; ~ t i o ~ i . 17.vii. 100 l ( < ~ / ~ i ~ ~ ~ d i c ~ r ) : L2;~~1:~~~k. (~ioryc 01 Avo11. I X i s . l90S (.I../. E. X, h'ofg. ( i l i~sfo\v Univcr\ i t \ bluscu1l1)

A Holarctic species, found in north and central Europe. Thc gcni- talia of the British males agree well with the figures h y Gagne (1975) who recorded it from Canada. The specirncns confirming this as British were found along a dry shaded liniestonc stream tied. where fungus gnats were numerous and fSolito,tjl~ilrr r~igl-olirler~trr Landrock. also seen frorn Scotland ; ~ n d irdtled to the British List 13); Chandler (1992). was among thcm

Tvl;~tcri;~l es;i~iiincci (3 d). EN(iL,\ND: Durliam. Ne\l)itt Dcnc. 3 i .v i i I000 ( C i ~ r r ~ ~ i l - .

i1,r ).

A small d ~ ~ r k Holarctic species. recorded from northern Europe and north America (Gagnd. 1975). Genitalia of both sexes were figurecl by Gagn6 and hy Dziedzicki (188C)); the shape of the acde;rgus is diag- nostic in this and closel\~ related species like nlrrttrbi1i.v Dziedzicki and ohi~rscr Winnertz. The British material was collected in water traps during surveys of fen sites.

Matcl-i;tl cx;~niiricd ( l4 6). E N G L A N D : -1 d. Norfolk. C';itlicltl. 27.iu--17.x. 1088: 5 6 Nurl'olk. Kcedh;~m. \.iiiks. 1988: Norfolk. I ' l ionip\c~n Cotnnlori. is. Ic)8S: Stallo(lc Mash. \ziii-ix. 1988: Sullolk. Walhcr~\vick. vi i i . IOSS. viii. IOXO ( . A . I.r,v/clr- R I). Procior.) W,\LES: 0'. Micl Glalnorgan. Ncl\t,li Bof. I2.s.lOSS ( I~oh~ ic ' r . Rojc.c, LC R l ~ r t i ~ .

A Hol;~rctic species. \videspre:rd in Europe :rlthougli only :I single example was recorded from North Alnericn by Gagn5 (1977). The genitalia. figured hoth by G a p 6 and Ilzicrlzicki. arc \,cry distinctivc.

I lackman (1070) rccorcled thi\ 1lol:rrctic spccicc t'ro~n t ~ o pro\'incc\ in Finland while GagnC (1075) I-eporterl three male\ from eastern North America and Ala\ka. It wa\ deccrit~cd from a single rni~lc from Bjclo- rus\ia ancl I have \ecn it from C'roatia: Dzicd~icki a n d (iagn2 l'igurccl the male genitalia.

Hackman (1070) ancl GagnC ( 1075) hotli recognised t \ \ o specie\ in this groiip. hut 130th consiclcrccl that Briti\h material identified as rtrr~tirrr (St~reger) \\.as not reicr:rhle to c i t l i e~ of thcrr cpccics. The e:rrliest name proposed in this group was ~rii.\trtri (Stacgcr. 1S-40). dc- scrihed from Ilenniark. GirgnC ( 1075). howcvcr. tound that rhc \erice in Stacger's collec~tion (which I have examined) incl~rdcd I'OLIS unrcl;rtcd specie\ and \c\,cral unrccogllis:rhlc specimens hut onl!. one fctni~lc. which he c\t;rblislied as Icctotypc. I~clongcd to this group of the gcnu\. Ho\vcver, l3ccauce of difficult!. in distinguishing fcmi~lcc 01' t h i \ F I - O C I ~

(which h a w cnlargcd fore tarsi :is do \omc otlier I~ l r ro i r i t r cpecic\) hc dccided to place rrrn\rr/tr as 21 iloi?lc,ir t / i r l l i~r r i r . \\hicl1 I no\\ ;rccept ae the

. hest cour\c. I n recent !,c;~rs I have retained the rlirrne rrri:srrrrr for. the t3riti\h \pecic\ a.; this idcntific:rtion seemed most lihcl! to I)e correct. t 3 ~ 1 t in vie\\. of the previous confucion \urroirnding the use of the namc in the litcraturc, I here propose ;I rcl>laccmcnt namc for ~iri.srttrr \cn\u Eclwards. Some cliccu\sion of the nalncs usecl f o r the otllcr \pccics ill

this group is :rlso nccc\s:rry. H:rckm;~n found thkrt the two Finnish species had rccl~ccti\.cl!. north-

ern and \outhcrn distrihirtions and correctl!. identified then1 wit11 c,i.ris.si/)c.\ Willnest/ wnsu D;liedzicki (1SSO) ancl hic.0101. 1l;licclticki (1889). Because c.i.rrs.\.il)c~.~ \\.:IS origint~lly h:rscd o n :I female. 11c corl- \idered it a i l o i ~ l c i r rlrrhirri~r and rcdcscrihccl Dziecl~icki's c.rtr.v.\il~c~.s,

h:r\ccl o n thc male. ;re c.i.n.\.\irtrn\rr.s. Ho\vcver. hccausc rtri..strrci \ \as descrihcd frorn lo\vland Denmill-k. tic considerecl his more s o ~ ~ t l l c r I \ species / ? i ( ~ o l o i ~ to he :I S ~ I I O I I > , I I I of rti i~rrrrr.

Gagni. also recognised two related Ho1:rrctic species and con4iderecl that they corresponded to tlic t \ \ o Finni4li .;pecie.;: lie rcin4t:rtecl the n;rmt. t ~ i c ~ ~ l o t . 1'0s tlic reason stated ;~l)o\ ,e. 1,lrt sy~ion!~miscd c.r.ci.\\~- tl,r..srr\ with the North An1t.1-ican spccie4 fi,.sc.i~'c,rrtr.i\ \ a n D u ~ c c . I lc. hacl seen 4l,ccimen4 \vliidi he considered consl,ccific nith ,/l~\c.ir.c~rti-i.\ from S~.i tzerl ;rnd. Austria and S\vcclish L-apland hut had not c\;rn~inecl Fl:rckninn's type of c.r.os.\itot..\r~.\. His f ig~~rc.; agreed much 13ctter \\.it11

Llziedzicki's figures of l)ic,olor. than of c,r.rr.\.\il~c.\. \vliile liis 1~ic.olor- did not fit well either of D~iccl/icki's 4pecies. Examination 01' Ciagni.'.; North Amcric;rn mater-i;rl li:~.; confirmed the .;uspicion that hi4 1~ic~)lor. i4 ;I distinct .;pecics for ~ l i i c h :I nc\\, name is proposecl here. l'. ,/i,.\c.i- \,ctltt.i.\ must. liowe\~er. 1,e placed in synonym! with tlic true 11ic.olor.. A rclated Madeiran species is being described clsc\\ hc1.c..

Plirot~iri ~ir.sc~i~~rrlrri.c van Duzee, 102s: 52. s>n. n. Plrrotrrti iti,:stritr wnsu Hackman. 1970: 5S

EN71'OMOLOCiIS'I"S MONTIIL\ ' MAGAZINE 249

The name hicolor is here used for the more southerly of the Finnish species and according to Gagne's figures of fil.~civ'tltri.s, of which hc had examined the type, thc lattcr is a synonym. Genitalia. figs 7. 1 1 . 12.

Matcri;tl examined (9 6). FINLAND: Kolnlir;tnt;r. 3l.\.ii.1070 (A . [ ; . S l o l ~ l ~ , j: V i h ~ i - jarvi. 1 6 . i ~ . I903 (R. Trro~rrrXo\Xi. sliclc iilountccl. lal~ellecl hicolor. Zoologtc;tl \ l u r c u m . Helsinki). U .S .A. : Oregon. Wahhccna Fall\. q.i\ . 19.31: Idaho. Chatcolcr. 15.\iii.(" ~ L I I - ) :

Idaho. Priest L . , Hur\t Creek. 1 i \ . l ')l9: Calilorlli;~. Muir Wood\. 7.viii.lL)15: ('olorado. Esrcs Park. Heal- I... I I vii.10-31: l5'N [Wa\hiligton]. S c q u ~ m B a \ . 3 . i \ . l031 (;l11

A . l.. ~ l ~ ~ l i ~ r r ~ l ~ ~ r j .

Figs 11-12, - Malc gentt:tli;l 01' I'l~ro~rirr hrcolor Dzicdzich~: I l . \ cn t r ;~ l \ic\v. 17, itedci~glt\.

Phrotlia cra.s.sitrrrs~l.s Hackman, 1970: 48, sp. restit.

Plrro~ti~r crcrssipcs scnsu Dricrlzicki. 1880: 155 6. nec M'~nn~r tz . 1863: S77

This specics is recognised here as examination of the type material has shown it to be distinct from fuscivetztris van Duzee under which it

- was placed by GagnC (1975). The male genitalia (figs X , 13. 14) agree well with the figures of crassipes by Dziedzicki.

Material examined. llolotypr 3. FINLAND: Ivalo. I9.\i.1962 (W. Hockrrrci~r): other 6 and l 9 frorri Finland (Zool(~gical Museum. Hcl5inki). 1 6, C Z E C H O - SLOVAKIA: Moravin, north west 01' R$maio\,. conifcr \voods. h.ix.l900 ( C I I N I I ~ I ~ ~ I - ) . 1 6. R U M A N I A : Cibinului Mts. below Paltinis. 21-25.vi. l960 (R.H. & ,W.(' ( ' o ~ r l ~ r . R.!. R R. Vcort'-Wrigllr, N;iturnl H ~ s t o r y Muscum. Lcindc~n).

Phronia coritanica sp. n

'I Pl~roriio Ic1r.sc1m (Staegcr. 1810: 20J) , NOMEN DUBIUM (Gagn?. 107.7: 300) Pl~rorrirr ~rrrvrr~rr (Staeger) and P. hicolor Dzicdzichi scnsu Edwnrds. 1'125

M a l e . Hoclv . g l c v . I ~ r o u n . \\it11 liasirl ;~l i tcnn. i l seg rn~ .n~ \ . l iurncsal ;II.C;I\ ancl \l~li.\ o l I n~ , \ o \ cu tum. ;Incl o l t c n \iclc\ oi tcrgi tcs 2 ;illcl 3 more or Ic\s !c l lo \ l l .cg\ ~ i i ; i i ~ i l y yc l lo \ \ : I'c.111ul- 3 c la~hc i lcc l itpicall!. I ~ l n c l cox;i ancl \ omc l l n l c \ al\o n ~ i d cox,^ c l i ~ r ke t~cc l o n o l l l r l . l'acc. Mc\allc.pistc1.n~11i1 nit11 2 seI;~c. 1Vi11g \c l lo \v i \h : COI;~ I~I.O~IUC~CI l i t l l c I ~ c v o ~ i ~ l 1111 ol' vc.111 K,. S c t ~ l l i ~ c 011 w ing \L,~II\: I--111 2-4. h l , i111Cl hl. \ctulosc fro111 I~C;II 11;1\c. PCII~IL. 111 ~ o \ t c r i o r I'ork \ctuIosc II-OII~ I c \ c I 01' I i ,~ \c 01' S-111. col1till11011\ it1111 \ct i lc or1 I[ \ ~ ) o \ t e ~ - i o ~ I i i -ancl i \ \ l i i ch i\ c l i t i rc ly \c tu los~, . i l n t c r ~ o r hra l lch \c tu lo \c c r c c p l 101 l i ;~\al ~]LI:II~CI S~~ ; IL , on 111111 tilli;l ? - S ;L. 7-4 cl. 4-0 P. ,-I0 v: 011 Ihi l i~I t i l i i i l 7--0 <I. 7 cl. 4 0 11. \Vi11p lci1gtli 2.7-3..? 111111. b l i i l c ~L~III~~III;I l i y \ 0 . l i . [(l.

ilolotype d. S('O.I'I.,\ND: S~ttherIit~~cI. Migdalc Wood, pine ancl hirch woods, 17.vi. l976 ( ( ' l ~ r r t ~ t l l c r ) (deposited in Natural Histol-y Muhcurn. London). Parat),pes (all d): CN(;I-.\ND: Surre!.. Chohham ('omlllon. Gracious Pond. 30 .x . 1978: Devon. Ciara Briclgc. woods hy Rivcl- ; \ \on, 3.vi.1073. S<.O.I.~.A\I): I'crthshil-e. Turnnit.1 Forest. ?S.\,. 197.7: Abcr- dcen, Glcntan~rr N .N.R. , Dinnet O:tk\rood. ?. \ i i i . 1075. \~. \ I .Es: I'o\\,ys (Brecon). Glashury Cutting, 20.\,i. 1976. IREI_I \NI>: L+'icklo\\.. Dcr1-1- birwn, oak forest. 33.vi. 1075 (a11 ( ' l l r ~ t ~ r l l c t . ) .

Discussion This species is frccluent in the British Isles. and perhaps witlcsl>r.catl

in western ancl southurn Eurc>pc. It \\':I\ absent from the plentiful Finnish and Ncarctic material cx:rmined by Hacknlan and (iayn?. \4,Iio ~nentioned it o n l y as :I prclbably clistinct British species.

The specific name i \ based on the old Celtic Ilamc t'or Britain.

E K 7 ' 0 M O I . O C i I S I " S MON'I'HLY M A G A Z I N E

Phronia gagnei sp. n . /'III~OII,(I 111i o101. 1 l / i c i l / i c k i \~ I I \ L I ( ic~?1iC, l O 7 i : 244.

AI:I~L., l3od\ 91-c! l > r o \ \ ~ i . \ \ ~ t l i I>;I\;II ;IIII~I~I~;I~ \L,~IIIL,III\. I>;I\L, 01. [ is\ [ l ' l ;~g~, l l ;~ r \cg11lc11t. protI101-;1cic \11i1-;1clc. l i ; ~ l t c r~ , \ c ~ ~ l i l g r c :~ t~ , r ~,IsI 01. leg\ !c l lo\ \ l 'crgi tc\ 4 - 0 I ~ I O ~ L , l> l :~ck- 1\11. s c n ~ l , ~ l ~ a I> ro \ \ n . I .cg \ \\1tI1 l n i i l :111il l l i l l i l CO\;IC I ~ I . ~ \ \ I ~ I \ I ~ . I h i l l ~ l 1.~111~11 OIII! \~I~I IL~I! i l a l - L c ~ ~ c i l a l~ lca l l ! l ~ ~ l i l 11111~1 11l1i;l i I ; ~ r k ;II~IC;III\ ( 1 1 1 ~ hlo11t;111;1 ~\;IIIII~I~\ II;I\L, tI1c IILIII~L,I.;I~ ;ISC,I ; 1 1 i i 1 \~ i l~,\ 0 1 t l ~ c I I I~\O\CI I I~I I~ !cI Io\ \ . ;11\0 II~:III?LI~;I~ !c,IIo\\ I);IICIIC\ 011 t l i c I1il i i l 111,1r?111 111 ICI~IIL,\ 2--3. \ICIL, 01. I C I ~ I I C 1 ;111~1 ~ I C ~ I I C I . p:11-1\ (IS \ICI.II~~C\ 1-7 !L,II(~\\) ~ l L ~ \ : l l 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 l \ t c l l l l l l l 1 \\It11 2 \ t r ~ l l l ~ \cI;lc LV111p ! ~ I I O \ \ I \ I ~ ?re!: CO\L ' l ~1 l - o i l L l ~~L~ i l ;l I1ttlc

- l1c\,o11il 1111 0 1 l<,. SL,~LII;IC 011 ni11g \ C I I ~ \ : S-111 \\it11 .? (111 :tpic;lI 11art. b l , ;111cl b17 \ c t t ~ l o \ c I'ro111 11e;11- I>;I\L,: pet io le 01 11o\tcrior l o r k \ c t ~ ~ l o \ c l1-(11i1 11cIo1-c l c \ c l O S l1:1\e 0 1 S-111. I~O\IL,I.IO~ I>r;111cI1 cl l t i rc l ! \L~ILI~O\L,. ;11ltcr101. I>I.;IIICII \ c t ~ ~ I o \ c L,YCCI)I (111. C\~IL,IIIL, I~;I\c. c c I l t : 3 - I . - 4 l . 7 1 . S . Sc t ;~c 011 l l i l l i l tiI>l;~i,: 7-4 ;I. 7-10 i l . 5-7 11. \\ ' in? lc,ngtll 2 . 4 -3 .0 111111. \1;1Ic ~ c ~ I ~ ~ I ; I ~ I ; I !IF\ 10. 17. IS.

Holotype d. U.S.A. Alaska. M;ltanuska. 15.\..1949. rotary trap (J.C'. C'lirr~~ll~c~t.lrri~~. dc t . 1'. hic,olor. Dzicdzicki b y (;ape. 196.3). Pal-21- typfi : d. srnic data as holotype: 3 d. U.S.A. : Montirn;~. Sil\;cr L:~kc. 30.\ii.IC)73 ( A . L . Mc~lrr~relc~): d. U . S . A . : Io\\.~r. Hoone County. I,etigcs St:~te Park. 25.ix.IC)50 (W. D o ~ t ~ i i c ~ . ~ ) : d. U.S.A.: Maryland. near L:rurcl. P2rtuxcnt w.ilclliFc rcfugc. mal:rise trap ( I1 .K. Sr)lith) (all material in LJnitccl St;rte\ N:rtionirl Muscurni.

ENTOMOLOGIST'S MONTHLY hI.4GAZINE

Fig\ 17-1s. - Male ~jcnlt;tlia 01 P. ;o;f~cji 511. n . : 17. \.cnlr;ll !.icv: IS. actlc;l~ll\.

Revised Check List o f British Pl7ronici (treated as with Tric.l~o~~trl above)

I ~ i r \ o l ~ . \ Winncl-tz. 1803 l ~ r i ~ r - ( . i r t r t t i (Hcckcl-. 1 [)OS)

jolrr i~~rrccc, Srccnhcr:. 1')2-1 Nc\v a n o n y m ) ( ( ; ; ~ y i C . 1474) / ~ f . ( i ~ , i . o . v Edwardh. 102.7 1 1 i t i t l i 1 ~ ~ 1 1 t 1 . i \ : Winncrf7. IS(i3. nec U'ulp.

I SS0 / ~ ~ ~ i o r , ~ - i I ) ~ ~ ~ x l / i c l \ i . l SS0

? ( I I I I I I I ~ ~ I ~ I Winncrtz. 1863. I I O I J I . t l r r h .

c . t r l ~ , q i ~ r o v ( i D~iet lr icki . ISS9 ( . ; I ~ ( , I . ( I . \ ( ( . I I \ Winne1.t~. IS03 ( . ~ I I ( O ~ I I I I . \ (lt/:ilkcr. lS.ih) 1 or i / ( i r r ic .o \p . n

/ ( i r .s ( i t ( i : ; I L I C ~ ~ . ( ' . l S ~ ~ I L ~ S L , ~ . IS40. I J O I ? I .

( I i l l ~ . )

'! ( ~ r ( ~ , s , \ i / ) ~ , , \ U ' i ~ ~ i i c r ~ ~ . ISki. I I O I I I . ( / I ! / ? .

1 1 i c . o l o r : Etl\va~.tl\. I0 1.7 ncc I>zictl/icL~. I SS0

( l r ~ , ~ ~ c ~ ~ c i I)rictl7icki. I SS0 c g ~ ( ~ g u i Dzicdzicki. I SS0 Adtlcd in lprchcnt pitpcr clc,c-r(~ I>zicd7icki. I SS0 :\tltlcd in prcsc111 pi1pc1 c,.ui,qu(r ( Z , c t t c ~ - ~ t ~ d r . 1SS2) /7o1~ilx' . \ Winncl-12. IS63 / i ) f .c . i lx i / ( r M'inncrrz. IS03 I r i ~ ~ ? ~ c , r . ( ~ l i \ M'ini~crtz. lShi

f i ) f . r . i / )111(1 : ~ ~ u c r t . . ncc Winticrti.. 186.3 irr /c.f . \ / i /r<.t(r L)zicdzicki. I SS9 l o r r : , . c ~ l t r ~ ~ ~ c ~ l l ~ ~ ~ ( i Strolll. I SOS I I I I I / ( I / I ~ / ~ . ~ I>zictl~icki. lSS9 ~ ~ i , y r . i c . o r r r i \ (Zcttcr\tcdt. 1852)

Atltlctl 111 prchcnt papcr

The 11ic.olo1 .: ~ o r c o ~ o 01' tlic Li\t

Added in ~>~-cscn t papcr Atldctl in prc\cnr paper

\c l t lcJ h! t - lur \on (In K1oc.1 'k t l111ck\) . 107h

t\citlcd ill 111.t'\cr11 p ;~ l l c r r \ t i c l L ~ t I ill l l l ~ c ~ ~ c ~ l l l [l;l[lL,l: A t lc lc t l h!. Fr~,cl i1an. 105h

, \ ( 'KKO\ \ ' L t I > ( ;E r \ . ICN I S

I thiink Dr Riiyniond J . Gngnk (United States National Mu\cunl. Washington) for :~ssistancc u.ith checking specimcns of Tric.llotlto, for the loan of material of I). ,:lc/,yi~ci "P. n . ;111d for discussion on viirioi~s points. I lr B. 12indeberg kindly loi~ncd Finnish 3l>ecimcns of several

- ! species. I am also gr:irc'ful to MI- A.hl . llutson for information o n changes t o the British I-ist for \vhich lie w;is rc3ponsihlc. ;ilso for the opportiinity to cs:iminc I-clcvant specimens :incl to sec his correspon-

- . dence \vith Mr L .N . Kidd o n nomcnclatur~il prol3lcms in I'hr-otliu. Man! other milscclms and pri\ ilte collector3 have contr-ihuted valuiihle records.

I < E t L l < L ~ N ( ' I I S

l % a r c ~ ~ c l r e c l i ~ . G . , lO.3S. . l ' l i ~ ~ IILIIL.II F ~ ~ l ~ y i \ < i ~ i c l i ~ ~ ~ III IIIC c ~ ~ l l c c ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ (11' ~ l i c Z ~ i o l o y i c i r l ~III\L,LII~I ,II ;\1ii\1~~rci;1111. /;;(/\l 111.. K i i r . N I : .:i - i 4 . C t~a r~c l l e r , l'..] ., 10eP. KC,\\ r~,corcI \ ;111cl 11i11c ; ~ c l c l i ~ ~ o l l \ 111 1 1 1 ~ ~ H ~ - i t i \ l ~ l . i \ ~ 01' lu11?11\ ;11;11\ 01 11ic \111;1Ilcr i;1111ilic\ ;111cl \ ~ ~ l i l ' ; ~ ~ i i i l i c \ ([)II>IL~I.;I. \ I ~ ~ L ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I L ~ ~ I ) . /{I.. ,l. 1. ../I/. . \, i i . I / ~ \ I . , 5: I l l?- l?(>. C'ole, J.H. C% ( ' h a ~ ~ d l c r , ['..I., 1070. 1 . 1 1 ~ ~ iu1ig11\ ;11.11\ i l ) i l l ~ c r ; ~ h l ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l > l l i I i c l ; ~ ~ ~ ) (11' R . l o ~ ~ k ' \ \ \ '~ ioc I N ; ~ ~ i c ~ n a l K ; I I ( I I ~ I<L,\L~I.\,C, ( ' ~ r ~ ~ ~ l ~ r ~ ~ I g ~ ~ \ l ~ i r c . ~ : i i r ~ ~ i i i o / o g i \ i ' \ (;l/:. 30: 47-55. 1)ziedzicki. H., ISSO.

, l < L ~ \ ~ ~ ~ cIc\ L Y ~ > ~ L ~ \ L ~ I I ~ I I ~ ~ ~ L ~ I I I I L ~ \ ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ L , I ~ I L , I'lii~oiiiii \\ II~I~L~I:I/ ~ I \ L Y 1 i 1 c l ~ ~ \ c r i l i ~ i o ~ ~ ~ I L ~ [IL,II\ :L'II~L~\ l l ~ ~ ~ l \ ~ ~ ; l l l ~ : , \ / i i (~ i~O/ l i ' i i i / i l f f \ L~I . \ / ~ ' < O / ) / i / l i / i i ! ~ ( / l l i . l ~ i ' l l l / ~ l ' i i \ \ / , c'\//. ( ) / ~ \ ( ' / i l / ! . . 23: 4114-~.5.~2. i l l \ , \ l l - X Y I . F;clwards, F.\\.. ;. Y<I~L,\ OII l3r11i \ l i ~ l ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i l i i l i c l ; ~ ~ ~ . 7'11iii\. l ? i , i i r . .So<. 1.~111~/ 1913: .:.:4--.;S?. i l l \ . 12-1s. l cJ24. KOIL,\ (111 \IL.I;L,I~'\ F~I I~~LI \ - (~ I I ; I [

,. ~ ! l i ~ , \ ( l ) i l i ~ ~ , r ; ~ . k l \ ~ . c ~ ~ i l ~ l ~ i I i ~ l ; ~ ~ ~ ) . /:/I( 1.1.1. 1;iir l : l.;-l': l cJ2 i . 131ili\I1 I 'L I I~~LI\ y t ~ ; ~ t \ ( 1 ~ 1 1 i l ~ ~ r ; r . ~ I \ L ~ L ~ I ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I I ~ ~ I ; I L ~ ) \ \ i ~ l i ,I ~ v ~ ~ \ i \ c t l SL,I~L,IIL, ~ I ; I \ \ I I ~ L ~ I I I ~ ~ I I 01' IIIL, l;1111il!. l'i.iii~\. l?. C,II/. $ 0 1 . . 1.01i~l . 1924: .51l5-(770. \>l\. 40- (1 l , Fr'c111at1, P.. lcJi(i. .I.\\cI IILY\ \~L,L. IL~\ (11 " \ ! ~ ~ i ~ l t i l i l i ~ l ~ ~ l , ~ ~ ~ ( I ) i l i l ~ ~ r ; ~ : I \~L~I~~~I IocL~~; I ) ) 11.0111 [3ri l, l i l i . 1'1.0,. I? . (,ill .So(. 1.01iiI. (13) 25: '0--2s. (;;lgnc. K..j.. 1974. .\ ~L~~ IL~ \ c I : I ~~~ IO I I 0 1 I ~L , c~L , I \ I ' l i i . o i i i t i 11-0111 1 1 1 ~ . < :III:I~! 1\1;111tl\ (I)IIIIL,I~;I, ~ I ! L ~ L ~ I o ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ I L ~ ) . I'I.o(. i ~ i ~ . \OI \ \ l ~ j / i . 76: 4 i 2 - 454: l07.?. . \ I - C \ I \ ~ O I I 111' 1 1 1 ~ ~

KL,,IIL,II~ \IIL,L,IL,\ (11' IIIC g ~ , ~ i t ~ \ 1 ' l i i . i~ i i f i i (I)II~IL,I.;I: ~ ~ ~ L L ~ I < I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I I L I ; I L ~ ) . I.i.iiii\ ,\!?I ( , ~ i i . .So( 101- ~::-.JIs: IOSI . .\ 111011~1~r~11111 ( 1 1 1.1.i~ / ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ \ \ I I I ~ ~I~,ILIL~I i ~ l r 1111' LII\II-IIVIII(II~ ( 1 1 I II)~,II.L~IIL~ \ I ! L ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I I L I , I L ~ 1 I ) i l i l c ~ ;I) l ~ ~ / i . / l f i / / , [ '..\ /)c/) \xi;( , , 10.38, (14 p11 Hack - III;II~. \\.. 10711. XL,\\ \~) i ,c i i , \ 0 1 1 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ , 1 1 1 1 \ l ' / i i . i ~ i ~ i i i \ \ I I ~ I ~ L , I ~ / ( I ) Io~L,I , I . \ l ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o l ~ l ~ ~ l i ( l ; ~ ~ ~ ) I ~ o n i I.;I\~L,III I ~ c ~ i ~ i ~ r \ c a ~ l c l i ; i ;IIIL~ IIOIL,\ 011 \!IIoI~!II~~L,\ III ;c1111\. \'~IIII/. !,/I/. 50: 41- (711: IOSII. . \ c l l ~ ~ i k 11 \1 ~ 1 1 111~. 1111111\11 l ) i l 1 1 ~ . 1 ~ 1 I ~\CIII;IIO~L~I.,I i11l~1 I31:;1c~Ii!c~~~r:r ( \ \ [ I . ) .

il~i~l.. 60: I 7 J X . hitltl. I..N. C% . \ c k l : r ~~ t l . 1).31.. I')(i'). Sr l l l l~ , c o ~ r c c ~ i t i ~ i \ 10 II~L, 13r111\11 l i \ l

254 EN'TOMOLOGIS7"S M O N T H L Y M A G A Z I N E

ancl other note\ on Brit ish funsus gnat\ (L)ipte~-;~: h1ycctopliilicl;ie). E ~ ~ t o ~ i ~ o ! o g i \ t 102: 22-24. Kloet. (;.S. 8: Hincks. W.D.. 1070. A c l~cck liht ol' R r ~ t i s h In\ect\. (2nd cd.) P;II.~ 5. D i p t c r ; ~ and Siphon:~ptcr;i. I f t r~ r r l I~L I t l?~r t . Hr. 111.\cr./\ I l ( 5 ) : 1-1.30. Landrock, K., 1026-7. F;rrll. S. Fun f i vo r~ t l ;~e (Mycct~phi l ic ! :~e) . Flic~gc,~r l)crlc~t~trrLr l i ~ , p , 14: I-106. l 3 pis. Lund\trt im, C.. 1006. Rcitr;~gc 7ur Kcnntn l \ der I > i p t e ~ - c ~ i l ' a ~ ~ n : ~ Finland\. I, hl!ccro- philitlilc.. .,\c.ttr Soc.. h r r r r t r /;/(JI-[I Fc~rtt . 29( 1 ): 1-67. 11 pl\. Matile, I . . . 1077. Cat;ll(yuc pro\ i \o i rc dcs I>ipt?rcs h l y ~ c t o p l ~ ~ l i d : ~ c (1e 1;1 F i~ur ic CIC F~;IIICC. Hill/. .Mri\. 11c1ttr. I f r t t . rtrl/. Por i \ (3) 156. Zoo l . ,310: 621-655: lOr(0. C o ~ ~ l p l ? ~ l ~ c ~ i t ;ILI C i~ t ;~ loguc dcs ~I!CCIO- phi l~t lac dc Fr:iricc ( D ~ p t . ) . H~r l l . Soc. c'~rt. Fr. 85: 03-10?. Plassrnann. E., 1077. Rcv~s io r~ der cul.opi~schcn i l r t c n dcr P i l zmuckcn~at t~ ing f ' l rrot~io (Diptcr i l : h lycctoph~l i t l ;~c) . Dr. c,/r/ Z.. 21: 305-311. U' innrrtz, J., IS(>;. Beitrag 711 cincr Monogr i~phic clcr Pi l /rni~ckcn. Ve,~.lr. :ool.-I~ot. (;(,S. U'i(,tr 13: 6.37-')(>l,

L l ' es to~~ Ke\earch l.ahtrr:~torics. \ f i~n\\; l l l Road. M ; ~ i d c ~ ~ l ~ c : ~ d . Hcrhs SL-0 ILIF ~)O~~~,I?I/W~ l31/1, 100 l

('iot~lrc rt~rol)lrrrltrricrc ! L . ) ((.01.. ( 'orc~~r l rot i i t le~~~) fi,csclit~,q OII H~~tl(/lc~jcr ,qloho.so Lc l~n. - Bullock (1087. E t~ !o~~ro lo ,~ i . \ / ' . ~ ~ ~ o t r . ,l.l(ig. 123: 100) recently sunim;~r~zcd rhc records o f I I I r r o 1 1 1 1 l t 1 r t 1 k e d i n g on Rrctltll(.jo glohotu and R, d n ~ ~ i c l i i Franch. M y own ohscrvi~t ions o f thcsc iissocii~tions i n 111y gardc~ i suggest that plant i~gclsizc may he ;I governing l'iictor. I n 1071 I planted ;I young ( ? two-year-old) R. filohoscr and soon noticed the presence o f ;~dults o f ( ' i o ~ ~ r r r . \c~rry~lr~t l trr i trr. The shruh (now large) still thrives hilt ('~OIIII.~ hiis not been seen on i t since. in spite o f regular close inspection (ol' i t ; ~ n d scver;~l H. c l t r~, i t l i~ o f v t~r ious ages). A Sew years ago I intr~)cluccd ;I young plant o l Sr~ropl~~rlt i r i tr tr~~ric~riltrttr L. (oclrrcr/ic,tr auctt.). ;I usual food plant of C-iotlrrr, hut it was two ycilrs hel'orc singletons ol' C. .cc~ro~~lrrrlor,oc. occurred in two succcssivc year.; and i r ~ I080 a hrceciing colony was pre.;cnt.

I n 1989 I planted ;I two-year-oltl cutt ing o f R. glohortr some four y;~rl;is I'rorn thc S(~rol)l~rrloritr to c c i f the ( ' i o ~ r ~ c tr;~nsl'crrcd to i t . Unfortunately the main .St.rol)l~~rlrrritr plant died out durirlg the very cold Fchru;lrq o f 1001 (1ut on Z0.vi.lOOl Ical'd;~rn;~ge ;Incl \cvcral iitlult (Cor~rr\ cc~rol)l~rrltrritrr~ were found on the y o u ~ ~ g R, gloho,tr. O n the morning o f 71.vi.lOOl \cvcr;il copul;iting pilirs were ohscrvcd hut hy thc evening they h;~tl all gone. Some days lilter :I larva \v;is fount! which pupated I .v i i . l9Ol produced an adult I0.vi i . lOVl. when inspection o f the R. glohovo revcaleti ;I Icw morc I;~rvac. I n 1901 ;I new S. troric.~rltr~tr plant appcarcd two fcct ;)way from the site o f t h c original plant and ;I new S. ~rotlo.ccr L . (comnlon figwort) also ;~ppcarcci (some I 0 yards away) but no ('io/c~r.s have yet occurred on either o f these.

I'hc.;c I'indings suggest that while the C'io~rrrr dcscrve their rcput;~t ion ;IS good hot;~nists i n rccogniz~ng the hasic rcl;~lion.;hip O S Hocltll(,jo i ~ l i c l .Ct~roj)l~~rlerrit~. the lormcr is not so i~t t ract ive once o f the larger (I lowcring) si7c. while the Iiltter is morc attr;~ctivc then. I h c ciirlier rccorcls largely support this. Bullock (lot..t.i/.) and Wi l l i ;~~ns (1074. ihit l . 110: 0 3 ) rc lcr to 'young' ;~riJ 'small' R. t l o i~ i t l i i respcctivcly. In tc rc t ing ly . Willi;~rns ;~ t Ie ls that o n moving the insects (C'. olorttlo Herhst i ~ n J C'. \ t~ro l ) I~cr l t r r i r~t~) onto ;I larger plant ( o l R. tltrt-itl ir) they h;ld all viinishcd within a few days. D;~l t rq (1044. ihi t l . 80: 42) rclcrs to rcgrowth o f two fcct from plants cut to the ground hy hard l'rost and W;~ lkc r (1014, ihitl. 50: 248). although his own record was fro111 a breeding colony on :I large pl:int. ;ilso cites a nurserym;ln who had considcrcd digging up all his young R. ,qlolio.so hcc;iusc o l hc;~vy cla~nn?._c hy colonics o l ( ' l rr)p~~.\ 1~ir1c~lrrll1r.c (Herhst) (;I\ ( ' i o ~ ~ r ~ c - ) .

As i t 1s not rcco~nmcndccl practice to hard prune R. glohoco (as i t i.; wi th R, tltrl.itl i i) this nlny he another factor rendering R. glohovtr Inore rapidly un;~ttractive. I t u o u l d be interc\t ing to know i l the 'young' R. gloho\tr mentioned hy thc ;~uthors cited cc~ntinuccl to he i~t t rnct ivc to ('io~l~r.,. App i~ rcn t l y Brit ish and Europe;ln L.cpidoptcri\ts recognize that s~nal lcr cxa~nplcs o f various .;hruhs ol-c nlore attractive to o l ~ p o s i t i n g huttcrl'lics than Iargcr cxiimplcs o f the sanic species. possihly hccau\c they colnc in to Ic;if carl icr (Wr ight . 1901. RIIII. ~~III~I/. EIII. 5ot.. 50: 72: Cr~hhs . ihit l . : 107). - K . G . V . Sh f ITH. 70 kIollic!i\vood Avcnuc. L.ondon. N 12 OL.7': .411g11sr I4tl1. I0c)l.