Official Warns Of Terrorists WMD AspirationsOct 13, 2010 · The bombs exploded in quick succession at the entrance of the shrine to Abdullah Shah Ghazi, a saint in the Sufi mystical

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Official Warns Of Terrorists WMD Aspirations

During a recent security forum, Russian Security Council Secretary Nikolai Patrushev said that extremist organizations continue to seek to acquire weapons of mass destruction (WMD), saying: "Terrorists are seeking to get access to facilities and technologies of chemical and bacteriological weapons, radioactive, toxic agents and biological formulas,” Mr. Patrushev said. Points to consider: Osama Bin Laden has made no secret of his intention to use a weapon of mass destruction (WMD) against us; he has even proclaimed it a "religious duty" for Muslim states to acquire nuclear, chemical and biological weapons to attack the West. Additionally, consider the availability of chemical, biological radiological and nuclear (CBRN) related technologies over the Internet. This together with the significant increase in the legitimate and illicit trafficking of radiological materials which could be used in a radiological dispersal device (RDD). Furthermore the International Atomic Energy Authority recorded 1,562 incidents where nuclear material was lost or stolen between 1993 and 2008, mostly in the former Soviet Union, and 65 % of the losses never recovered. Furthermore, be aware that reports have pointed to the increased expertise of insurgents in making homemade bombs in Afghanistan increasing the threat from a so called radiological dispersal device or “dirty bomb,” like the one constructed but not detonated by Chechnya’s Muslim fighters in1996 targeting Moscow’s Izmailovo Park, and the availability nuclear related technologies over the internet. Finally, consider that Ben Rhodes, a deputy national security adviser, has warned of the threat of nuclear-armed terrorists saying: "We know that terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda, are pursuing the materials to build a nuclear weapon and we know that they have the intent to use one."

October 13, 2010

Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) have been around since the 1700s. The United Nations classifies three types of weapon as ‘Weapons of Mass Destruction’ (WMD): nuclear, chemical, and biological. WMD’s are attractive to potential terrorists because they create fear; are inexpensive, easy to build, easy to hide, and their use makes protection of large areas and large numbers of people impossible.

Regions most affected:

• Asia and the Pac


Losing The Battle For The Hearts And Minds In a recent speech, Tony Blair Britain’s former prime minister said that a "narrative that Muslims were under attack from the US and its allies, because of their support for Israel, had been allowed to take hold, aided by vast numbers of assembled websites, blogs and organizations." Points to consider: Recently a YouTube video and interview was broadcast on the Al-Jazeera television network. In the interview a 35-year old Palestinian woman described how she was "humiliated" when Israeli soldiers filmed her in detention after her 2007 arrest, and subsequent video featuring one of the soldiers belly dancing close to her as she stood blindfolded against a wall with a Hebrew-language speech bubble inserted near her mouth reading "Allahu Akbar" (Arabic for "God is greatest). Be aware that extremists are masters of using major news events and controversies for recruiting, and as justification for their violent actions. They like to say that the US is at war with Islam, to them, America is "Big Satan" and Israel is "Little Satan." Consider that radical Islam poses a challenge in the modern world, which is like that of no other radical religious movement. Including the repercussions from several cartoon controversy’s which led to protests across the Muslim world, some of which escalated into violence resulting in a total of more than 100 deaths, and various violent acts including setting fire to the Danish Embassies in Syria, Lebanon and Iran.

Expert: Al-Qaeda Larger Threat Today In a recent interview, Michael F. Scheuer, the former head of the CIA’s bin Laden unit said that al-Qaeda is far more dangerous today than 10 years ago. Points to consider: Al-Qaeda has a worldwide reach serving as the umbrella organization for a worldwide network that includes many Islamic extremist groups. They have become less of an organization and more of an order, in which they have become a central base, which primarily provides ideological guidance to semi-autonomous cells around the world, that are loosely tied to each other. The shadowy network of cells recruits Islamist extremists, trains them and then sends them to fight. Consider that the “brass ring" to which terrorist organizations aspire is to attack the U.S. homeland. Osama bin Laden may be in hiding, but experts believe that his organization remains fully capable of, and determined to kill large numbers of Westerners and disrupt the global economy by orchestrating attacks worldwide, or by recruiting local groups to do its dirty work. These groups maintain a link of sort with bin Laden, either through Internet Web sites, through messengers, or traveling to the border area between Pakistan and Afghanistan.

Bomb Maker Dies In Fatal Blast Police say a forensic examination confirms that a body retrieved from the debris of a Nonthaburi, Thailand apartment building hit by a powerful blast is that of a suspected bomb maker.

Points to consider: Police believed the explosion occurred accidentally, while the bomb-maker was assembling or moving a bomb. The explosion, which killed 4 people and injured 9 others, destroyed the first and second floors of the five-story apartment, leaving the building on the verge of collapse. Consider that improvised explosive devices (IED) are a threat that is constantly evolving, what makes IED’s so dangerous is the fact that they can be manufactured anywhere by anyone with materials that are readily available. Bomb making information is literally at the fingertips of anyone with access to a home computer.

Certificate in Terrorism Studies: While security risks are at their highest, education into this important subject is rarely available to the majority. This renowned on-line course from the University of St Andrews fills the knowledge gap, enabling participants to prepare to meet the challenges and risks of evolving terrorist techniques; all that is needed is an Internet connection. For full details visit: www.terrorismstudies.com/LR0055NE1L1


Deadly Twin Suicide Attack Two suicide bombers blew themselves up at a Sufi shrine in Karachi, Pakistan’s seaside Clifton district recently killing nine worshippers, and injuring at least 64 others. Points to consider:

The bombs exploded in quick succession at the entrance of the shrine to Abdullah Shah Ghazi, a saint in the Sufi mystical strain of Islam, as devotees packed it for a weekly gathering. Consider that suicide bombers have become a weapon of choice for terrorists worldwide, becoming the daily fare of the nightly news changing the whole notion of conventional war. This is because they are a low cost, low technology, low risk weapon that is readily available, requiring little training, leaves no trace behind, striking fear into the general population. Their success depends upon an element of surprise, as well as accessibility to targeted areas or populations. Remember that emergency personnel should always maintain a “situational awareness” of their surroundings, and should remember that secondary devices are a favorite terrorist tactic, often planned to detonate shortly after emergency personnel arrive on scene, targeting the responders.

Officials Point To New Threat While the latest terror threat is believed to have stemmed from Pakistan, officials also point to a potentially greater menace from the well-organized and financed Islamic terrorists in North Africa. Points to consider: Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) successfully rules a wide, lawless area of the Sahara and is trying to overthrow Algeria's government. It's active online, media-savvy, and has the globally recognized al-Qaeda brand name. Over the last month alone, AQIM is suspected of kidnapping several French nationals and Africans from a mining town in Niger, part of its effort to make millions in ransoms. Consider that terrorism today is transnational and decentralized. Al-Qaeda is a network of terrorist groups scattered all over the world with a presence in practically every country, requiring a multidimensional counterterrorism strategy to defeat it. Experts have warned that the al-Qaeda’s ideology and the idea of a global Islamic jihad attacking the ultimate enemy (the US), is spreading beyond the central terrorist group to other groups. Al-Qaeda now serves as the umbrella organization for a worldwide network that includes many Islamic extremist groups. In his book “Leaderless Jihad”, Dr. Marc Sageman, a former CIA officer, argues that, "the present threat has evolved from a structured group of al-Qaeda masterminds controlling vast resources and issuing commands to a multitude of informal groups trying to emulate their predecessors by conceiving and executing operations from the bottom up.

Official: Kidnap Ransoms Used For Terror Funding Algeria’s Minister Delegate for Maghreb and African Affairs Abdelkader Messahel recently told Algerian Radio that ransoms stand for 95% of the funds obtained by terrorists in the region.

Points to consider: Terrorist groups require financial support in order to achieve their goals. They must have effective financial infrastructures, in order to succeed; the group must have the capacity to raise funds, the means to launder funds and the availability of funds to operate. As the international community clamped down on state-sponsored terrorism and pressured governments from financially supporting terrorist organizations these groups have focused on other means to finance their activities. Consider the findings of a November 2008 study by the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, in Washington, D.C. titled "The Money Trail: Finding, Following, and Freezing Terrorist Finances" which said in part: “Al-Qaeda has changed the way it raises and delivers money for terrorist activities, relying more on criminal activities, using informal transfer methods outside of the global financial system.”


Troops Want More Dogs Of War Marines in Afghanistan want to boost the number of bomb sniffing dogs at their disposal from 300 to 647, in their battle against record-setting attacks by insurgents using makeshift explosives. Points to consider: Military working dogs are used throughout U.S. military for detecting drugs and explosives, deterring threats and protecting their handlers. These trained dogs can detect explosives by smell, their unique skills are proving vital to troops in spotting roadside bombs and Iraqis are starting to recognize that a dogs keen sense of smell makes them invaluable weapons in thwarting the many roadside bombs and explosively rigged vehicles.

Attacks On Mexican Officials Continue In the latest in a string of political figures slain in Mexico this year, Antonio Jimenez Banos, the mayor-elect of Martires de Tacubaya, a small town near Oaxaca state's Pacific coast was recently shot to death. Points to consider: Mexican drug cartels have increasingly targeted local elected officials as they fight the government and each other, assassinating candidates and representatives-elect. So far in 2010, eleven sitting mayors have been killed. Consider that Mexico today, is a country ravaged by a brutally violent power struggle between drug cartels and authorities. Northern Mexico is at the center of a nearly four-year-old war involving rival drug gangs vying for smuggling routes into the US.

Dozens Injured In Bus Crash Recently a Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) commuter bus carrying 70 passengers veered off a major highway and crashed into trees injuring at least 36 people, 1 critically. Points to consider: Consider that in the wake of this horrific incident, it is important to understand that although transportation accidents are at one of their lowest levels ever, accidents do happen and can have a profound effect on first a responders operation. Recognize that this tragic incident highlights the potential for mass casualty incident. Prior to commencing operations, size-up is crucial in evaluating hazards, tactics, and available resources. These incidents also create the need for expansion of the ICS to include a Medical Sector to decide where to set-up both triage and treatment areas.

Tornadoes Batter Arizona Two tornadoes touched down in northern Arizona recently, ripping through Bellemont, AZ, a small town, just west of Flagstaff, derailing 28 cars of a Burlington Northern-Santa Fe (BNSF) freight train, and destroying 15 homes. Points to consider: Each year natural disasters create major problems around the world, dominating the statistics, contributing more than two thirds to the major disasters. Consider that a tornado is a violently rotating column of air; strong tornadoes can attain an awe-inspiring intensity, with wind speeds that exceed 200 mph and in extreme cases may approach 300 mph. According to experts, tornadoes can and do occur in every state, and any time of the year in the US, but the "tornado season" is generally in the spring when tornadoes are more prevalent (April through July), with May and June being the peak months.

Church Blaze Results In Evacuations Residents of a nearby aged care facility were evacuated by the Australia’s New South Wales Fire Brigade recently after a church in the Gosford suburb of Erina on the New South Wales central coast was engulfed in flames.

Points to consider: The fire is presently under investigation, but initial reports indicate that fumes from an ongoing repainting could have sparked the fire.


Deadly Train And Bus Crash Recently at least 40 people were killed and 9 others injured when a freight train hit a commuter bus at an unguarded railway crossing near the small Ukrainian industrial town of Marhanets. Points to consider: Consider that in the wake of this horrific incident, it is important to understand that although transportation accidents are at one of their lowest levels ever, accidents do happen and can have a profound effect on first a responders operation. Recognize that this tragic incident highlights the potential for mass casualty incident. Prior to commencing operations, size-up is crucial in evaluating hazards, tactics, and available resources. These incidents also create the need for expansion of the ICS to include a Medical Sector to decide where to set-up both triage and treatment areas.

Dead Body Found In Car Recently a Hazmat team was called after a man walking his dog in Pennsbury, PA came upon a car with an unconscious man inside and a written message on the door warning of deadly chemicals inside. Points to consider: Dubbed “Detergent Suicide” this suicide fad had been sweeping Japan with hundreds of deaths resulting from Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposure, and has sparked considerable and ongoing interest with online suicide groups, where people considering suicide share tips and tricks. Consider that the availability of H2S ingredients as well as instructions on the Internet for committing suicide using H2S have made it an increasingly popular choice and is becoming an international fad. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 117.

Hazardous Material Spill On Ship Hazmat crews were called to Fort Lauderdale, Florida’s Port Everglades recently to remove two containers leaking sodium hydroxide solution onboard a ship. Points to consider: Sodium hydroxide (Lye) or caustic soda (UN1823) is often used as a drain or pipe cleaner. It is an odorless white solid or a clear to milky solution. It reacts with water or moisture to produce large amounts of heat, and reacts with some metals to produce highly flammable hydrogen gas. It can cause irritation to the skin on contact and is considered an inhalation irritant. For general operating procedures refer the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 154.

PCP Lab Discovered After Fire Hazardous materials crews were called to the scene of a Houston, TX garage fire that was declared a crime because firefighters found many dangerous chemicals inside the garage, which housed a suspected “angel dust” laboratory.

Points to consider: PCP ("angel dust," "ozone," "wack," and "rocket fuel") is a white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water or alcohol. It has a distinctive bitter chemical taste. Consider that PCP labs are generally found due to explosions or fires caused by careless handling of the dangerous chemicals including cyanide used by the illegal drug manufacturers. Additionally When, PCP labs give off a powerful odor that can be mistaken for ammonia. Hazardous materials incidents are different from fire suppression or other usual emergency operations. Be aware even though the presence of some hazardous materials can be detected by smell at very low and possibly non-toxic levels, this is not a reliable indicator of the hazard.


Hazmat Called To Motel Explosion Middlesex County Hazardous Materials response teams were called to assist in the investigation of a mid-afternoon explosion in room 103 of a Suites 6 motel in East Brunswick, NJ, which officials believed was a methamphetamine lab gone wrong. Points to consider: Consider that methamphetamine (Meth) is synthesized in clandestine drug labs from common household products, over-the-counter medications, solvents; metals and strong acids. First responders are at risk for numerous health problems when they come in contact with clandestine meth labs during the course of their duties. Production methods involve numerous chemical reactions that can cause fire, explosion, and release of toxic gases and waste, thereby making these labs potential hazardous waste sites.

Hazmat Called After Ammonia Leaks Firefighters and hazardous material crews were called to the SuperValu perishable food warehouse in New Stanton, PA after a valve malfunctioned on the roof of the building causing anhydrous ammonia to leak. Points to consider: Anhydrous ammonia (1005) is a colorless cryogenic liquid or gas that is very corrosive to body tissues, reacting with body moisture on contact. It has a strong, pungent odor and may be shipped or stored as a compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. It produces a toxic, visible or invisible gas cloud that is lighter than air but may hug the ground when cool. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 125.

Chemical Leaks After Tanker Flips The Indiana State Police closed Interstate 74 in St Leon, Indiana after a tanker truck hauling 4,000 gallons of phtalic anhydride, tipped and overturned, spilling its load. Points to consider: Phtalic anhydride (UN 3256) solid or molten solid, or crystalline needles, with an irritating odor. Stable under normal conditions of temperature and storage, incompatible with oxidizers and strong acids. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 128.

Naphtha Spill At Refinery Los Angeles County Firefighters were called to the Tesoro Refinery in Wilmington, CA to clean up a spill at in a line carrying the refining chemical naphtha, a flammable liquid used in petroleum distillation.

Points to consider: Naphtha (UN 1268) is a clear, volatile liquid with a gasoline like odor and is insoluble in water. This product is harmful if it is inhaled, if it is swallowed, or if liquid is aspirated into the lungs. Vapor is heavier than air and may spread long distances. Distant ignition and flashback are possible. Flammable liquid and vapor can accumulate static charge. Liquid can float on water and may travel to distant locations and/or spread fire. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 128.

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Two Workers Sickened By Fumes From Compactor Decatur Township Hazmat crews were called to the PepsiCo/Gatorade plant in Indianapolis, Indiana recently after two workers were exposed to noxious fumes from a compactor on the premises. Points to consider: Fire crews found that 10 gallons of chlorine had been placed into the trash compactor and reacted with something to produce the irritating fumes. Consider that chlorine (UN 1017) is an amber colored liquid with a suffocating, pungent, irritating odor. Chlorine and water can be very corrosive. Corrosion of metal containers can make leaks worse. Although non-flammable, chlorine is a strong oxidizer and will support the burning of most combustible materials. Flammable gases and vapors can form explosive mixtures with chlorine. Chlorine can react violently when in contact with many materials and generate heat with possible flammable or explosive vapors. Chlorine gas is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 124.

Hazmat Called To Chemical Spill At Weigh Station Hazmat crews were called to weigh station on Interstate 80 in Hubbard Township. PA, after an inspector noticed a turpentine leak inside a truck. Points to consider: Turpentine (UN 1299) is a colorless flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers, chlorine, chromic anhydride, stannic chloride, and chromyl chloride. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 128.

Chemical Tanker Crash Recently the chemical tanker YM Uranus carrying 6,000 tons of the highly flammable solvent, heavy pygas, collided with the massive Panama-registered cargo ship Hanjin Rizhao in the English Channel 60 miles off Finistere on the northwestern coast of France. Points to consider: According to French authorities the tanker cargo did not appear to be leaking its hazardous cargo, its 13 crew members abandoned ship in lifeboats after the crash and were then picked up by helicopter. Consider that Pygas (UN1993) is a volatile, pale yellow, highly flammable liquid that does not dissolve easily in water. It is an industrial product that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon products, including benzene. Pygas has a pungent, unpleasant odor at very low concentrations, a poses a serious fire and explosive hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Pygas vapor is heavier than air and may collect in low areas. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 128.

Package Prompt Hazmat Response The Sacramento Fire Department’s Hazardous Material Response team was called to the Department of Fish and Game office, where several employees were complaining of eye irritation and breathing difficulties, after coming in contact with a package delivered by Federal Express.

Points to consider: Firefighters first ventilated the building to ensure no fumes remained in the building; second they tested and found the package to have traces of formaldehyde. Officials traced the package to the Federal Express distribution center, where they found that the contents of a separate package had leaked onto other packages contaminating other packages. Consider that formaldehyde (UN 1198) is common to the chemical industry. It is well known as a preservative in medical laboratories, as an embalming fluid, and as a sterilizer. Its primary use is in the production of resins and as a chemical intermediate. Moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame, vapors are heavier than air and may travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Vapor-air mixtures are explosive. Toxic vapors are generated during decomposition in fire (formic acid). For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 132.


Chemical Spill Forces Evacuation University police recently evacuated the Phillips Wangensteen Building, at the University of Minnesota and summoned Hazmat crews after students spilled the hazardous chemical pyridine in the medical buildings seventh-floor lab. Points to consider: Pyridine (UN 1282) is a colorless to yellow highly flammable liquid with a nauseating, fish-like odor. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers, strong acids. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide #129.

Chemical Spill At Port Police called Essex Fire and Rescue Service to the UK’s Port of Tilbury after a container of paraquat dichloride fell from a trailer and was damaged. Points to consider: Paraquat dichloride (UN 2811) is a yellow solid with a faint, ammonia-like odor. Said to be very toxic by inhalation, and ingestion or if absorbed through skin. It is corrosive to metals, and incompatible with strong oxidizers, and alkylaryl-sulfonate wetting agents. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 154.

OSHA To Investigate Refinery Leak The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has opened an investigation into an accident, where compressed gas containing hydrogen sulfide leaked from a clamp that had been used to halt a prior leak at Exon Mobil Corp’s Chalmette, LA refinery. Points to consider: Although officials have not yet confirmed the cause of death a Team Industrial Services Inc., worker who died at the refinery recently, and an investigation id ongoing whether the death was related to the leak. Consider that hydrogen sulfide, commonly known as sewer gas, is a colorless, flammable, extremely hazardous gas with a “rotten egg” smell. Hydrogen sulfide is heavier than air and may travel along the ground. It collects in low-lying and enclosed, poorly ventilated areas, and can be toxic in high concentrations. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 117. Chemical Leak On I-94 Sickens 3 People Firefighters were called to I-94 in St. Paul, Minnesota recently after three people suffered respiratory distress when they were exposed to the fumes from a leaking 300-pound tank of sodium bisulfate. Points to consider: Sodium bi-sulfate (UN 3260) is described as colorless, odorless corrosive solid (crystals). Very hazardous in case of skin contact, stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage, incompatible with moisture, strong bases, calcium hypochlorite and sodium carbonate. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 154.

Firefighters Battle Chemical Plant Fire Area roads were closed and residents for miles around told to keep their windows shut as smoke as billowed from a fire at Euclid Chemical plant in Princeton, Illinois.

Points to consider: Be aware of the various chemicals used at the factory, which can be quite difficult to extinguish. They contain many flammable materials; therefore high temperatures and dense smoke will be present. Additionally, explosions are a possibility at such fires due to the presence of flammable liquids and gasses. Consider that Hazardous materials incidents encompass a wide variety of situations including fires, spills, transportation accidents, chemical reactions, and explosions. Every incident presents the potential for exposure to hazardous materials. Even the products of combustion at an ordinary fire may present severe hazards to personnel safety, making comprehensive situation evaluation critical. Finally the incident commander should consider taking steps to contain run off water due to the potential of hazardous materials.


Hazmat Called To Truck Accident Hazardous Materials teams were called to an accident involving a semi carrying several dangerous chemicals including: sulphur dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, sodium hydroxide, propyl acetate and benzene butyl phosphate which were fortunately safe in their containers. Points to consider: Consider that every day, some 800,000 hazardous materials are shipped on the road, carrying everything from chlorine and gasoline to liquefied natural gas and radioactive material. According to a study by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA). Hazardous material (Hazmat) transportation trucks represent far more danger than any other truck in the event of an accident or attack, the potentially harmful properties of the substance being carried represents a major risk.

Mercury Spilled At High School A hazardous-materials team was called to Mission Bay High School after mercury was spilled inside the school. Officials isolated and screened 140 students for contamination after it was found that they'd entered classrooms containing dangerous levels of the mercury. Points to consider: Mercury (UN 2809) is a heavy silvery-white metal that is liquid at room temperatures. It is commonly used in thermometers, manometers, barometers, and it is present in nearly every chemistry and physics lab. It may be absorbed through intact skin, consider stable under normal temperatures and pressures, but is reactive with oxidizing agents, and metals. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 172.

Residents Complain Of Affects Of Chemical Spill Lauderdale county residents have complained of lingering affects from a recent ethyl acrylate spill at the Pilot Truck Stop in Meridian, MS. Points to consider: Ethyl acrylate (UN 1917) is a colorless highly flammable liquid. Stable, but may polymerize upon exposure to light, it is incompatible with oxidizing agents, peroxides and other polymerization initiators. For general operating procedures refer to the Emergency Response Guidebook, guide # 129P.

Stolen Explosives Recovered The Conway Police Department, dispatched officers to the home of a 28-year old Conway, Ark man in response to a call by the suspects wife for assistance after the discovery of explosives in the couple's home.

Points to consider: According to police reports, the investigation has now been turned over to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) saying the explosives were stolen from Schlumberger, the company with whom the suspect was employed. Consider that although the motive for the theft is not yet known, other potentially lethal explosives routinely disappear, and while some of these stolen explosives may flow into the black market, there is growing law enforcement concern about how easy it would be for terrorists to steal explosive, and the potential dangers from their misuse.


Weapons of mass destruction A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a weapon that can kill large numbers of humans and/or cause great damage to man-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere in general. Coined in reference to aerial bombing with chemical explosives, it has come to distinguish large-scale weaponry of other technologies. The most widely used definition of "weapons of mass destruction" is that chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN). The followings contains brief information on WMD, according to the definition of CBRN’s: Chemical weapons (CW): “Use various chemical substances, dispersed in liquid, vapor and gas or aerosol form, to cause sickness, paralysis, unconsciousness or death as a result of physical contact or inhalation. Biological weapons (BW): Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of war. It is meant to incapacitate or kill an adversary. The level of damage depends primarily on the biological agent’s transmissibility, lethality and susceptibility to countermeasures. Radiological weapons: Also called ‘dirty bombs’ (a type of nuclear weapon) and radiological dispersion devices (RDD’s), designed to spread radioactive contamination consisting of a nuclear or conventional explosive and causing radiation sickness, cancer, death and contamination of the target. Nuclear weapons: Derive energy from the nuclear reactions of fission and/or fusion to produce large explosions and hazardous radioactive materials. Nuclear weapons can be delivered by artillery, plane, ship, ballistic missile etc. and can be either tactical weapons or strategic weapons. Radiation and radioactive debris affect large populations in surrounding areas, depending on weather conditions.

Documents

Official Warns Of Terrorists WMD AspirationsOct 13, 2010 · The bombs exploded in quick succession at the entrance of the shrine to Abdullah Shah Ghazi, a saint in the Sufi mystical