Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis 3rd Edition

Compiled and Edited for the Analytical Methods Committee of The Royal Society of Chemistry

by

C. A. Watson

^ g " THE ROYAL Jg£ ,_ SOCIETY OF

Contents

Animal Feedingstuffs

Index 2 Crude Oils and Fats 5 Ash 5 Ash Insoluble in Hydrochloric Acid 5 Fibre 6 Moisture 6 Calcium (Atomic Absorption Method) 6 Phosphorus 6 Magnesium (Atomic Absorption Method) 7 Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc 7 Copper (Diethyldithiocarbamate Spectrophotometric Method) 7 Water-Soluble Chlorides 7 Carbonates 8 Vitamin A (Retinol) 8 Determination of a-Tocopherol in Animal Feeds by Normal-phase

High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Method A 8 Determination of a-Tocopherol in Animal Feeds by Normal-phase

High-performance Liquid Chromatography. Method B 12 Ascorbic Acid and Dehydroascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) 13 Thiamine Hydrochloride (Vitamin Bi, Aneurine) 14 Menadione (Vitamin K3) 14 Urea 14 Isobutylidinediurea 15 Sugar (LufT-Schoorl Method) 15 Lactose 15 Starch (Polarimetrie Method) 15 Starch (Pancreatic Method) 16 Protein 16 Aflatoxin Bi (for certain straight feedingstuffs) 16 Aflatoxin Bi (for all other feedingstuffs) 17 Hydrocyanic Acid 17 Free and Total Gossypol 17 Volatile Mustard Oil 18 Urease Activity 18 Uric Acid 18 Acinitrazole 19 Amprolium 19 Avoparcin 19 Buquinolate 20 Clopidol 20 Dinitolmide 20

Offlcial and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Ethopabate 21 Flavophospholipol (Flavomycin) (Bambermycin) 21 Furazolidone 21 Monensin Sodium (by Diffusion in an Agar Gel) 22 Nicarbazin 22 Nifursol 22 Nitrofurazone 23 Nitrovin 23 Nitrovin (in Feed Supplements) 23 Oleandomycin 24 Sulphaquinoxaline 24 Tylosin 24 Virginiamycin 25 Zinc Bacitracin 25 Detection and Identification of Antibiotics of the Tetracycline

Group 25 Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline (by Diffusion

through Agar) 26 Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline and Tetracycline (by Turbidimetry) 26

Additives in Animal Feedingstuffs 27

Antibiotics 27 Penicillin in Diet Supplements 27 Chlortetracycline in Diet Supplements 29 Oxytetracycline in Diet Supplements 31 Microbiological Estimation of Penicillin in Diet Supplements and

Compound Feedingstuffs 33 Microbiological Assay of Chlortetracycline in Diet Supplements

and Compound Feedingstuffs 36 Microbiological Assay of Oxytetracycline in Diet Supplements and

Compound Feedingstuffs 39

Identification of Prophylactic and Growth-promoting Drugs 43 Acinitrazole 45 Amprolium 46 Buquinolate 46 Clopidol 46 Dinitolmide 47 Ethopabate 47 Furazolidone 47 Halquinol 48 Nicarbazin 48 Nifursol 48 Nitrofurazone 49 Nitrovin 49 Sulphaquinoxaline 50 Decoquinate 50 Dimetridazole 50 Methyl Benzoquate 51

Contents xiu

Pyrimethamine 51 Robenidine 51

Determination of Prophylactic and Growth-promoting Drugs 52 Acinitrazole 52 Acinitrazole (Method adopted for UK Regulations) 54 Amprolium 56 Arprinocid (in Poultry Feeds) 59 Avoparcin (Microbiological Assay) 60 Decoquinate 64 Dimetridazole 66 Dinitolmide 68 Ethopabate 70 Furazolidone 73 Halofuginone Hydrobromide 75 Halquinol (Spectrophotometric Method) 78 Halquinol (Gas-Liquid Chromatographie Method) 80 Ipronidazole 83 Methyl Benzoquate (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) 85 Methyl Benzoquate (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) 88 Methyl Benzoquate (in Pre-mixes) 91 Monensin 91 Nifursol 95 Nitrofurazone 97 Nitrovin (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) 99 Nitrovin (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) 102 Nitrovin (in Pre-mixes) 103 Olaquindox (in Feeds) 105 Pyrimethamine 106 Robenidine (in Feeds) (Spectrophotometric Method) 109 Robenidine (in Feeds) (HPLC Method) 112 Robenidine (in Pre-mixes) 114 Ronidazole (Spectrophotometric Method) 116 Ronidazole (Gas-Liquid Chromatographie Method) 118 Ronidazole (HPLC Method) 120 Sulfadimidine 122 Sulphaquinoxaline 124 Sulfanitran 126 Zinc Bacitracin (Microbiological Assay) 128

Prophylactic Residues in Animal Tissues 133 The Detection of Monensin Residues in Chicken Tissue

(Bioautographic Method) 133 The Detection of Monensin Residues in Chicken Tissue

(Chemical Method) 135

Water-soluble Vitamins 137 Microbiological Estimation of Nicotinic Acid in Compound

Feedingstuffs 137

xiv Ofßcial and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Microbiological Estimation of Pantothenic Acid in Compound Feedingstuffs 138

Microbiological Estimation of Riboflavin in Compound Feedingstuffs 141

Microbiological Assay of Vitamin B12 in Compound Feedingstuffs 143

Fat-soluble Vitamins 143 Preparation of Sample 143 Vitamin A in Animal Feedingstuffs (HPLC Method) 143 Vitamin A in Diet Supplements and Compound Feedingstuffs 147 jß-Carotene in Diet Supplements and Compound Feedingstuffs 153

The Analysis of Cosmetic Products 154

Determination and Identification of Free Sodium and Potassium Hydroxides 154

Determination and Identification of Oxalic Acid and its Alkaline Salts in Hair-care Products 157

Determination of Chloroform in Toothpaste 159 Determination of Zinc 161 Determination and Identification of 4-Hydroxybenzenesulphonic

Acid 163 Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide 166 Determination of Nitrite 167 Identification and Determination of Free Formaldehyde 169 Determination of Resorcinol in Shampoos and Hair Lotions 176 Determination of Methanol in Relation to Ethanol or Propan-2-ol 180 Determination of Dichloromethane and 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 182 Identification and Determination of Quinolin-8-ol and

Bis(8-hydroxyquinolinium) Sulphate 185 Determination of Ammonia 188 Identification and Determination of Nitromethane 189 Identification and Determination of Mercaptoacetic Acid in

Hair-waving, Hair-straightening and Depilatory Products 191 Identification and Determination of Hexachlorophene 197 Determination of Tosylchloramide Sodium (Chloramine-T) 201 Determination of Total Fluorine in Dental Creams 203 Identification and Determination of Organomercury Compounds 205 Determination of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Sulphides 208 Identification and Determination of Glycerol l-(4-Aminobenzoate) 210 Determination of Chlorobutanol 213 Identification and Determination of Quinine 215 Identification and Determination of Inorganic Sulphites and

Hydrogen Sulphites 218 Identification and Determination of Chlorates of the Alkali Metals 222 Identification and Determination of Sodium Iodate 226

Essential Oils 226

Introduction 226

Contents xv Section I: Physical Methods 226

Preparation of the Oil for Examination 226 Physical Constants 227

Apparent Density 227 Refractive Index 227 Optical Rotation 227 Freezing Point and Melting Point 227 Solubilities 229

Determination of Residue on Evaporation 229

Section IIa: Non-specific Chemical Methods 230 Determination of Acid Value 230 Determination of Ester Value 231 Determination of Ester Value after Acetylation 233 Determination of Carbonyl Value 236 Determination of Phenols 239

Section üb: Specific Chemical Methods 240 Determination of Apparent Cineole Content 240

Section III: Gas-Liquid Chromatography 243 Reproducible Fingerprinting of Essential Oils 243 Determination of 1,8-Cineole in Oils of Cardamom, Rosemary,

Sage and Spike Lavender (Range 10 to 40%) 249 Determination of Eugenol in Oils of Cinnamon 250

Fertilisers 253

Nitrogen 254 Ammoniacal Nitrogen 254 Total Nitrogen - Chromium Powder Reduction Method 254 Nitric and Ammoniacal Nitrogen - Ulsch Method 255 Nitrite and Ammoniacal Nitrogen - Devarda Method 255 Total Nitrogen in Calcium Cyanamide - in the Absence of Nitrate 255 Total Nitrogen in Calcium Cyanamide - in the Presence of Nitrate 256 Total Nitrogen in Urea 256 Urea , 256 Cyanamide Nitrogen 256 Biuret in Urea 257 Different Forms of Nitrogen in the Same Sample - in the Presence of

Cyanamide Nitrogen 257 Diiferent Forms of Nitrogen in the Same Sample - in the Absence of

Cyanamide Nitrogen 258

Phosphorus 259 Extraction of Phosphorus by Mineral Acids 259 Extraction of Phosphorus by 2% Formic Acid 259 Extraction of Phosphorus by 2% Citric Acid 260 Extraction of Phosphorus by Joulie's Alkaline Ammonium Citrate 260 Extraction of Phosphorus by Water 260

XVI Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Determination of Extracted Phosphorus Gravimetrie Method 260 Spectrophotometric Method 261

Potassium 261 Water-soluble Potassium 261 Total Potassium

Gravimetrie Method 261 Flame Photometrie Method 261

Other Elements 262 Extraction of Total Calcium, Total Magnesium, Total Sodium and

Total Sulphur in the Form of Sulphates 262 Extraction of Water-soluble Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and

Sulphur in the Form of Sulphates 262 Determination of Magnesium by Atomic Absorption

Spectrophotometry 262 Determination of Magnesium by Complexometry 263 Determination of Sodium 263 Boron - Titrimetric Method 263 Boron - Spectrophotometric Method 264 Cobalt 264 Molybdenum 264 Copper 264 Iron 265 Total Magnesium 265 Manganese 265

Fertilisers (Sampling and Analysis) Regulations Methods 265 Moisture 265 Chlorides in the Absence of Organic Material 266 Neutralizing Value in Liming Materials 266

Ammonium Nitrate Fertilisers Containing More than 28% Nitrogen 266 A. Methods for the Application of Thermal Cycles 266 B. Determination of Oil Retention 267 C. Determination of the Combustible Ingredients 267 D. Determination of pH Value 267 E. Determination of Particle Size 268 F. Determination of Chlorine Content (as Chloride Ion) 268 G. Determination of Copper 268

Physical Properties 268 Fineness of Grinding - Dry Method 268

Trace Elements in Fertilisers and Feedingstuffs 269

Introduction 269 General Preparation of the Sample 269 Boron (Small Amounts) 271

Contents xvn Boron (Inorganic Fertilisers Containing 0.1 to 1%) 273 Calcium 274 Chloride 276 Chromium 277 Cobalt 279 Copper 280 Iodine 282 Iron 286 Magnesium 287 Manganese 289 Molybdenum 290 Nickel 292 Selenium 293 Zinc 293

Statutory Methods of Analysis for Foodstuffs 295

Tables 295

Methods of Analysis for Foodstuffs Verifled by Collaborative Trial under the Auspices of MAFF 302

Introduction 302 Crude Fibre in Flour 303 Erucic Acid in Oils and Fats 306 Biphenyl and 2-Hydroxybiphenyl in Citrus Fruits 307 Loss on Drying in Quick Frozen French Fried Potatoes 307 Milk Fat in Fats 308 Moisture in Cocoa and Chocolate Products 311 Total Fat Content of Cocoa and Chocolate Products 312 Ash Content of Cocoa and Chocolate Products 313 Unsaponifiable Matter in Cocoa and Chocolate Products 314 Acidity of Cocoa and Chocolate Products 316 Hydroxyproline, Ash, Fat, Moisture and Nitrogen in Meat and

Meat Products 317 Insoluble Matter in Instant CofFee 318 Vinyl Chloride in Foodstuffs 320 Dietary Fibre (GLC) 320 Dietary Fibre (Colorimetry) 320 Soya Protein in Meat Products by ELISA 321

Meat Products and Meat Extracts 327

Introduction 327 Preparation of Sample 327 Determination of Moisture 328 Determination of Ash 329 Determination of Chloride 331 Determination of Nitrogen 332 Determination of Nitrate and Nitrite 334

XV1U Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Determination of Total Fat 337 Determination of Extractable Fat 338 Determination of Total Phosphorus 340 Determination of Starch 341 Determination of Total Creatine and Creatinine 344 Determination of Gelatin 346

The Analysis of Milk and Milk Products 348

Table 7: Compositional Regulations, Amendments and FAC Report References 349

Table 8: Methods with EC/UK Statutory Requirements 350 Table 9: Non-statutory Reference Methods for Milk and Milk

Products 352 Table 10: Publications and Sources of Information 354

Vitamins 355

Microbiological Estimation of Riboflavin 355 Microbiological Estimation of Nicotinic Acid 361 Microbiological Estimation of Thiamine 364 Chemical Determination of Thiamine (Aneurine) 366 Determination of Tocopherols 371 Microbiological Estimation of Vitamin Bi2 381

Method for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues 385

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Grain 385 Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Fruits

and Vegetables 387 Determination of Residues of Malathion and Dichlorvos in Grain 391 Determination of Total Mercury in Fish 394 Determination of Methylmercury in Fish 396 Determination of Residues of Volatile Fumigants in Grains 398 Determination of Dithiocarbamate Residues in Lettuces, using a

Headspace Procedure 399 Determination of Residues of Ionic Bromide in Grain 401 Determination of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Foodstuffs

of Animal Origin 403 Extraction of Fat 405 Determination of Ethylenethiourea Residues in Canned Foodstuffs 406

Methods for the Determination of Occupationally Hazardous Substances 409

Table 409

Oils and Fats 417

Unsaponifiable Matter in Oils and Fats 417 Appendix I: Modifications to Recommended Method 419

Contents xix

Shea Nut Oil 419 Rosin 420

Oil Containing a High Proportion of Wax Esters 420 Appendix II: Shortened Method 421 Determination of Tocopherols and Tocotrienols in Vegetable Oils

and Fats by High-performance Liquid Chromatography 421

Soaps 427

Unsaponified Fat in Soaps 427 Free Alkali in Soaps 430 Free Alkali in Silicated Soaps 436 Silica Present as Alkaline Silicate in Silicated Soaps 436 Rosin in Soap 437 Phenols in Soaps 438

Treatment of Data and the Application of Statisticsto AnalyticalChemistry 442

Introduction 442 Recommendation for the Definition, Estimation and Use of the

Detection Limit 442 Recommendation for the Conduct and Interpretation of

Co-operative Trials 442 Uses (Proper and Improper) of Correlation Coefficients 443 Report of an Experimental Test of'Recommendations for the Conduct

and Interpretation of Co-operative Trials' 443 Principles of Data Quality Control in Chemical Analysis 444 Robust Statistics—How Not to Reject Outliers: I. Basic Concepts 444 Robust Statistics—How Not to Reject Outliers: II. Inter-Laboratory

Trials 444 Proficiency Testing of Analytical Laboratories: Organization and

Statistical Assessment 444

Analytical Metiiods for the Determination of (Trace) Metals and Other Elements 446

Destruction of Organic Matter 446 Wet Decomposition 447

I. With Nitric and Sulphuric Acids, with or without the Aid of Perchloric Arid or Hydrogen Peroxide 449

IL With Nitric and Perchloric Acids 453 III. With Nitric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate 456 IV. Special Methods of Wet Decomposition for the Determination

of Mercury 457 Dry Decomposition 461

V. Destruction without Ashing Aid 462 VI. Destruction with Ashing Aid 462

Perchloric Acid and its Use in Analytical Work 465 The Use of 50% Hydrogen Peroxide for the Destruction of

Organic Matter 467

Officio! and Standardized Methods of Analysis

Further Methods Using Hydrogen Peroxide 471 Determination of Small Amounts of Antimony in Organic Matter 474 Determination of Arsenic 476

Recommended Method 477 Gutzeit Method 479 Precise Assay of Arsenic(m) Oxide by Reference to Pure Iodine 484

Determination of Cadmium 488 Determination of Copper 490 Titration of Milligram Amounts of Fluoride Ion in Aqueous Solution 496 Determination in Aqueous Solution of Amounts of Fluoride not

Greater than 40 ßg 497 Determination of Iron 499

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 500 General Method 500 Determination of Iron with Bathophenanthroline 504

Determination of Lead 505 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry 505 Dithizone Absorptiometry 508

Determination of Mercury 514 Total Mercury in Fish 518 Methylmercury in Fish 520

Determination of Nickel 522 Determination of Selenium 524 Determination of Tin 528 Determination of Zinc 532

Water Analysis 537

Index to Summaries 538 List of Methods Published by the Standing Committee of Analysts 538 Method Data Sheets: W01-W80 543 Appendix I: Yorkshire Water Authority Methods 623 Appendix II: BSI Methods 625

The Analysis of Various Materials 635

Polymers and Resins in Paints and Surface Coatings—S. Tappin 635 Wood Preservatives—T.R.G Cox 638 Speciation of Metals in FoodstufTs—G.A. Smart 645 Analysis of Pulp and Paper—Dwight B. Easty 649 Glass—W.W. Fletcher 652 Analysis of Plastics—D.C.M. Squirrell 653 Dyes and Colours—D. Simpson and W.G. Simpson 657

Brewing and Brewing Materials 668

Barley 668 Moisture Content 668 Thousand Com Weight 668 Germinative Capacity 669

Germinative Energy Total Nitrogen Content Fatty Substances Germinated Grains in Barley Sieving Test

Ale, Lager and Distilling Malts Moisture Content Hot Water Extract Malt Colour Cold Water Extract Diastatic Power a-Amylase International Method Total Nitrogen Content Total Soluble Nitrogen Free a-Amino Nitrogen Arsenic Wort Viscosity Fermentability of Brewing Worts Fermentability of Distilling (Unboiled) Worts Malt Friability and Homogeneity

Coloured Malts, Dark Malts and Roasted Barley Coloured Malts

Moisture Extract Colour

Dark Malts and Roasted Barley Moisture Extract Colour

Unmalted Grains Wheat and Barley Flours and Gelatinized Flakes

Moisture Fatty Substances Extract

Untreated Grain Grits and Other Raw Grain Moisture Fatty Substances Extract

Sugars, Syrups and Caramels Extract Colour Sulphated Ash Total Reducing Sugars Iron Copper Arsenic

Hops and Hop Preparations Moisture Hop Oil Lead Conductance Value

XXI

669 670 670 670 671 671 671 671 672 672 672 673 673 674 674 674 675 675 675 676 676 676 676 677 677 677 677 678 678 678 678 678 679 679 679 679 680 680 680 680 681 681 681 682 682 682 683 683 683 683

XX11 Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis

a- and /?-Acids in Hop Extracts 684 Seed Content 684

Process Control 684 Apparent Fermentability 684

Spent Grains 685 Moisture 685 Soluble Extract 685 Total Available Extract 685

Worts and Beers 686 Colour 686 Viscosity 686 Free a-Amino Nitrogen 686 Original Gravity of Beer 687 Alcohol Content of Beer 687 Carbon Dioxide Content 687 Bitterness of Beer 687 Sulphur Dioxide 688 Vicinal Diketones 688 Iron in Beer 688 Copper in Beer 689 Zinc in Beer 689 Arsenic in Beer 689 Lead in Beer 690 Total Carbohydrate in Beer 690

EC Food Methods 691

General Introduction 691 Analysis of Citrus Fruit Treated with Biphenyl, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl

or Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl Oxide 692 Colour in Extra White Sugar and White Sugar 693 Conductivity Ash in Extra White Sugar, Invert Sugar Solution,

Invert Sugar Syrup, Sugar Solution and White Soft Sugar 694 Colour in Solution of Extra White Sugar and Sugar Solution 694 Colour in Solution of White Soft Sugar 694 Loss of Mass on Drying of Sugar 694 Dry Matter in Glucose and Dextrose 695 Total Dry Matter in Sugar Solutions 695 Reducing Sugars in Semi-white Sugars 695 Reducing Sugars in White Sugars 695 Reducing Sugars in Sugar Solutions (Luff-Schoorl) 696 Reducing Sugars in Sugar Solutions (Lane and Eynon) 696 Dextrose Equivalent of Glucose Syrup, etc. 696 Sulphated Ash in Glucose Syrup, etc. 696 Polarization of White Sugars 697 Caffeine in Decaffeinated Coffee Extracts 697 Dry Matter Content of Coffee and Chicory Extracts 697 Dry Matter Content of Liquid Coffee and Chicory Extracts 697 Dry Matter Content of Condensed Milk 698 Moisture in Milk Powders 698

Fat Content of Condensed Milks 698 Fat Content of Dried Milks 699 Sucrose Content of Sweetened Condensed Milk 699 Lactic Acid and Lactates in Milk Powders 699 Phosphatase Activity of Milk Powders 700 Vinyl Chloride Monomer Level in Containers, etc. 700 Erucic Acid in Oils and Fats 701 Vinyl Chloride Released by Containers, etc. 701 Ether Extractable Substances from Water-soluble Sulphonated Organic

Colouring Matters Intended for Foodstuffs 701 Formic Acid, Formates and Other Oxidizable Impurities in Acetic Acid,

Potassium Acetate, Sodium Diacetate and Calcium Acetate 701 Non-volatile Substances in Propionic Acid 702 Loss of Mass on Drying of Sodium Nitrate 702 Limit Test for Salicylic Acid in Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate,

Ethyl /»-Hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt, etc. 702 Free Acetic Acid in Sodium Diacetate 702 Sodium Acetate in Sodium Diacetate 703 Limit Test for Aldehydes in Sorbic Acid, Sodium, Potassium and

Calcium Sorbates and Propionic Acid 703 Peroxide Number of Lecithins 703 Toluene-insoluble Matter in Lecithins 703 Limit of Reducing Substances in Sodium, Potassium and Calcium

Lactates 704 Volatile Acids in Orthophosphoric Acid 704 Limit of Nitrate in Orthophosphoric Acid 704 Water-insoluble Substances in Mono-, Di- and Tri-Sodium

Orthophosphates and Mono-, Di- and Tri-Potassium Orthophosphates 704

pH of Food Additives 705 Density and Specific Gravity of Wine and Must 705 Alcoholic Strength of Wine and Must by Volume 705 Total Dry Extract of Wine and Must 705 Reducing Sugars in Wine and Must 706 Sucrose in Wine and Must 706 Ash Content of Wine 706 Alkalinity of the Ash of Wine 707 Total Acidity of Wine 707 Volatile Acidity of Wine 707 Fixed Acidity of Wine 707 Tartaric Acid in Wine 708 Citric Acid in Wine 708 Sulphur Dioxide in Wines 708 pH of Wine and Must 709 Sorbic Acid in Wine 709 L-Ascorbic Acid in Wine 709 Sodium in Wine 709 Iron in Wine 710 Copper in Wine 710 Silver in Wine 710

XXIV Official and Standardized Methods ofAnalysis

Cyanide Derivatives in Wine 710 Carbon Dioxide in Wine 711 AUyl Isothiocyanate in Wine 711 Rapid Detection Method for Water Loss from Chickens, Hens and

Cocks 711 Total Water Content of Chickens, Hens and Cocks 711 Methylene Blue Test for Untreated Milk and Pasteurized Milk 712 Phosphatase Test for Pasteurized Milk 712 Turbidity Test for Sterilized Milk 712 Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Solid Mineral Hydrocarbons 713 Diastase Activity of Honey 713 Available Carbon Dioxide Content of Flour 713

British Standards 714

714 715 716 720 720 723 725 728 729 731 731 733 737 748 750 752 754 755

Introduction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Metallic Impurities Water Analysis Vitamins Oils, Fats and Soaps Meat Products Milk Products Fertilisers Feedingstuffs Pesticides Paper Ferrous Metals Non-ferrous Metals Paints Plastics Rubber Wood and Wood Preservatives Detergents

Index 759