OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS), CHIEF

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENTBUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS), CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND

CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5

GUIDELINES FOR PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

WITH RESPECT TOFIRE, EARTHQUAKE, CYCLONE, FLOOD, TSUNAMI AND OTHER HAZARDS

MAP OF EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN TAMIL NADU

Tamilaga Arasu Building Research Station, PWD, Taramani, Chennai-600 113

Zone - III Moderate Intensity Zone

Zone - II Low Intensity Zone

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS) &

CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND

CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD.,

CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 600 005

Technical Circular No. AEE/T10/24475/2017, dated 27.10.2017

Sub : Disaster Management - Guidelines for Planning,

Design and Construction of buildings with respect

to Fire, Earthquake, Cyclone, Flood, Tsunami and

other hazards-Regarding.

This circular is issued to all the Superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers

of Tamilnadu Public Works Department with Guidelines for Planning, Design and

Construction with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood and other

hazards.

Disaster prevention involves engineering intervention in buildings and structures

to make them strong enough to withstand natural hazard so that the exposure of the

society to hazard situation could be avoided or minimized.

Public Works department buildings organization is committed to Plan, design,

construct and maintain the Public Buildings and monitor the stability of the public

buildings.

Various types of Public Buildings constructed and maintained by PWD include

Hospitals, Medical colleges, Schools, Hostel buildings, Court Buildings, District

Collectorates, Taluk Offices, Sub Registrar Offices, Veterinary Buildings and office

buildings for various other departments of the Government.

Every building shall be so Planned, Designed, Constructed, equipped, maintained

and operated so as to provide not only adequate comfort to the occupants but also to

take meticulous care to avoid undue danger to the life and safety of the occupants from

Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood and other hazards.

The public buildings are constructed based on the Codes published by the Bureauof Indian standards including the National Building code 201G. In Tamilnadu publicworks Department, the stability of the buildings and structures are ensured in Designand Construction with respect to Fire, Earthquake, Tsunami, cyclone, Flood and otherhazards.

Although the Architect wing and the Planning and Designs wing functioning underthe administrative control of the Engineer-in-Chief (Buildings) at Chennai are invotved inArchitectural planning and Structural Designing of the buildings respectively, it isinstructed that the superintending Engineers and Executive Engineers should also ensurethe provisions to be made during execution of building works with respect to Fire,Eafthquake, Tsunami, cyclone, Flood and other hazards, constructed based on the codespublished by the Bureau of Indian standards including the National Building code 2016.

Hence the enclosed general guidelines (as per various IS Codes and Guidelinesissued by Ministries of Government of India) are issued through this circularmemorandum for Architects and all Engineers of Public Works Department with respectto engineering intervention in buildings.

Hence, through this circular memorandum, it is instructed that all the officials ofPublic works Department are requested to adhere to general guidelines enclosed forDisaster preparedness to withstand hazards effectively.

Enc!.: Booklet-1No.

r1-..'*"{ril1,,

IO

The Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWTrichy Region, Trichy

The Chief Engineer (Buildings), pWD.,Madurai Region, Madurai

AII the Superintending Engineers of pWD, BO.

All the Executive Engineers of pWD, BO.

D:\DISASTERMANAGEMENT\Final CIRCUtARANDIETTER3l.08.20lT\FinatOflnat\Di*stermanaSementcircularfinal3l0820lT.docx

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT BUILDINGS

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS),

CHIEF ENGINEER (BUILDINGS) CHENNAI REGION AND CHIEF ENGINEER (GENERAL), PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI – 5

GUIDELINES FOR

PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS

WITH RESPECT TO

FIRE, EARTHQUAKE, CYCLONE, FLOOD, TSUNAMI AND OTHER HAZARDS

2017

Tamilaga Arasu Building Research Station, Taramani, Chennai.113

Guidelines for Planning, Design and Construction of buildings with

respect to Fire, Earthquake, Cyclone, Flood, Tsunami and other hazards

CONTENTS

Sl.

No. Topics Page No

1

Guidelines for Fire and Life safety Measures

1

2

Guidelines for Planning Earthquake resistant Structures

5

3

Guidelines for Planning Earthquake resistant Structural

Designs

8

4

Guidelines for planning and design of Tsunami resistant

buildings

14

5

Guidelines for Planning and Design of Cyclone resistant

buildings

18

6

Guidelines for Planning and Design of Flood resistant

buildings

25

7

Fire preparedness : extract of “ 15 maintenance of fire

fighting systems ” as in NBC VOL 2 Chapter 12

27

8

Case Study on Fire Safety Arrangements in Tamil Nadu

Government Multi Specialty Hospital, Chennai and RGGH

Chennai

30

9

Case Study on Pre Tsunamy Cyclone Shelters and Post

Tsunami Multi Purpose Evacuation Centres

43

10

Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters – 121 Nos. in 12 Coastal

Districts of Tamilnadu

49

11

District Level PWD contact person during the period of

Disaster

52

12

Disaster Hazard Specific Response Actions in Buildings

54

1. Guidelines for Fire and Life Safety Measures in Buildings

1

1. Guidelines for Fire and Life Safety Measures in Buildings

The guidelines to be followed in Fire and Life safety in the buildings as per

Part IV of NBC 2016 are furnished below.

1.0. General Exit Requirement:

1.0.1. Every building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits

sufficient to permit safe egress of occupants, in case of fire or other

emergency.

1.0.2. Provision of internal staircase, external staircase and corridor or

passageway which have direct access to these staircases shall be

maintained by occupants in case of emergencies and shall lead to the

exterior of a building or to a street. Lifts and escalators shall not be

considered as exits.

1.0.3. All buildings shall have a minimum of two staircases. The actual

number of exits shall conform to the accepted standards on the basis

of occupant load of building (Floor area in m2 required for a

person), for different occupancies, width required per person and the

maximum travel distance to be maintained in a building.

1.0.4. In general indicative terms, the occupant load will be 12.5 for

residential occupancies, 15 for institutional, 4 for educational, 10 for

office buildings, 0.65 to 1.80 for assembly, 3 for basement shopping

area and 6 for upper floor shopping area in mercantile buildings. The

travel distances to the nearest exits for all multistoried, special

commercial, institutional and public buildings shall be of 30 m and for

fully sprinklered building, the travel distances may be increased up to

45m

1.0.5. All the exits and exit passageways to exit discharge shall have a clear

ceiling height of at least 2.40m . The height of exit door shall be at

least 2.00m

2

1.0.6. Exit doorways shall not be less than 1 m in width but for assembly

buildings it shall not be less than 2 m in width.

Fig.1

1.0.7. The minimum width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for internal

staircase of residential buildings. This shall be 300 mm for assembly,

hotels, educational, institutional, business and other buildings. The

treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent

slipping. The maximum height of riser shall be 190 mm for residential

buildings and 150 mm for other buildings and the number shall be

limited to 15 per flight.

1.0.8. Internal staircase shall not be arranged round a lift shaft.

1.0.9. The internal staircases shall be constructed with non combustible

materials and shall have a minimum fire resistant rating of

120minutes ; The external stairs shall be directly connecting all floors

to the ground; it shall be continuous, free of obstructions and the

entrance to the external stairs shall be separate and remote from the

internal staircase.

1.0.10. The ramps shall comply requirements for staircases regarding enclosure

dimension and capacity. The slope of the ramp shall not exceed 1 in

12 (8 percent)

3

1.0.11. Smoke Control: In building design compartmentation plays a vital role

in limiting spread of fire. The building plan should ensure avoidance of

spread of smoke to adjacent spaces. through leakage openings. All floors

shall be compartmented with area of ach compartment being not more

than 750 m2.

1.0.12. Pressurization is a method adopted for protecting the exits from

ingress of smoke, especially in high-rise buildings. In pressurization,

air is injected into the staircases, lobbies, etc, as applicable, to raise

their pressures lightly above the pressure in adjacent parts of the

building. As a result, ingress of smoke or toxic gases into the exits will

be prevented. The pressurization of staircases and lift lobbies shall be

adopted as per standards.

The following are the other safety arrangements to be provided in

buildings.

1.1. The fire detection and alarm systems include electro mechanical

systems, such as air handling units, pressurisation systems, smoke

management systems, creation of compartmentation through the release of

fire barriers, hold up fire doors etc and monitoring of fire water storage

tanks and pumps, pressures in hydrant and sprinkler systems etc. These

systems should be provided as per standards.

1.2. The voice evacuation systems shall employ Tamil and English using

pre recorded messages and integrate with fire alarm panels for alerting the

zone of fire and surrounding zones / floors.

1.3. Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installations: All buildings

depending upon the occupancy use and height shall be protected by fire

extinguishers, wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation,

high/medium velocity water spray, foam, gaseous or dry powder system in

accordance with the provisions of the NBC 2016

1.4. A satisfactory supply of water for the purpose of fire fighting shall

always be available in the form of underground/ terrace level static storage

4

tanks with capacities specified. The minimum water supply requirement is

specified in Table.7 of NBC2016

1.5. Automatic sprinklers shall be installed in the false ceiling voids exceeding

800mm in height. The pressure in sprinkler system shall not exceed 12

bars.

1.6. Refuge area measuring to an extent of 15 sq. m shall be provided as a

staging area and secured place for effecting rescue of occupants for all

Multi-storey Building expecting residential occupancy where balcony is

provided. To ensue life safety more stringent, refuge area shall also be –

provided in the Commercial Special Building where is no sufficient near and

side setback even though it is less than 24 m in height.

1.7. Fire preparedness : extract of “ 15 maintenance of fire fighting systems ”

as in NBC VOL 2 Chapter 12 is enclosed in Chapter 7. Case Studies on Fire

and Life Safety measure are enclosed in Chapter 8.

5

2. Guidelines for Earthquake Resistant Structures

2.0. The following are the Guidelines to be considered in planning Earthquake Resistant Structures.

2.1. Earthquake causes shaking of the ground. Therefore a building resting on it

will experience motion at its base. Even though the base of the building

moves with the ground, the roof has a tendency to stay in its original

position. But since the walls and columns are connected to it, they drag the

roof along with them. The inertia force experienced by the roof is

transferred to the ground via the columns, causing forces in columns and in

other members.

2.2. The behaviour of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its

overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces

are carried to the ground. Hence, at the planning stage itself, the

unfavourable features should be avoided

2.3. In general, buildings with simple geometry in plan have performed well

during strong earthquakes. Buildings with re-entrant corners, like those U,

V, H and + shaped in plan have sustained significant damage. Many times,

the bad effects of these interior corners in the plan of buildings are avoided

by making the buildings in two parts. For example, an L-shaped plan can be

broken up into two rectangular plan shapes using a separation joint at the

junction A building is said to be earthquake-resistant, if it possesses four

main attributes, namely,

1) Simple and regular structural configuration,

2) At least a minimum initial lateral stiffness,

3) At least a minimum lateral strength, and

4) Adequate ductility.

2.4. Buildings with simple regular geometry and uniformly distributed mass and

stiffness in plan and in elevation, suffer much less damage, than buildings

with irregular configurations.

2.5. The following simple illustrations show how to plan for earthquake resistant

structures

6

The following simple illustrations show how to plan for earthquake resistant

Fig.2

The following simple illustrations show how to plan for earthquake resistant

7

Fig.3

Tamil Nadu falls under Zone II and Zone III Seismic zones as per IS

1893 part 1 :2016

8

3. Guidelines for Earthquake resistant Structural Designs.

3.1. IS 1893: (Part 1) 2016 code of practice for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures deals with the earthquake hazard assessment for

earthquake - resistant design of buildings. Bureau of Indian Standards, based on the past seismic history, grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone-II, -III, -IV and –V.

Zone II Low intensity zone

Zone III Moderate intensity zone

Zone IV Severe intensity zone

Zone V Very severe intensity zone

The state of Tamil Nadu lies in Zone II & III as illustrated in the following map.

SEISMIC ZONES OF TAMIL NADU (AS PER IS 1893, PART 1:2016)

Zone - III Chennai, Coimbatore, Kalpakkam, Kancheepuram,

Tiruvannamalai, Vellore & Salem etc.

Zone - II

Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Tiruchirappali & Madurai etc.

Fig.4

9

3.2. As stated in IS 1893: (Part 1) 2016 Chennai, Coimbatore, Kalpakkam,

Kancheepuram, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore, Salem etc are some of the places

under Zone III of moderate intensity of earthquake. The places including

Madurai, Cuddalore, Thanjavur, Tiruchirapalli, etc are under Zone II of Low

intensity of Earthquake.

3.3. Importance Factor: If the building is required to function for life-safety

purposes after an earthquake or its failure could impair the continued

operation of the facility, a factor called Importance Factor is assigned in

the structural design calculations. Importance factor is used in estimating

lateral design force in seismic structural design and this provision shall

enhance the structural stability at the time of earthquake.

3.4. As per seismic code IS 1893: (Part 1) 2016 importance factor for residences

is changed to 1.2 from 1.0. Further in this code it is recommended to adopt

appropriate importance factors for a maximum value of 1.5 for various

types of buildings. However a higher value of 1.8 is adopted as per the

instructions given in the Guidelines for design and construction of Cyclone/

Tsunami Shelters issued by Government of India – UNDP Disaster risk

management programme, Ministry of home affairs -2006.

3.5. Due to this higher important factor of 1.8, the buildings constructed for

Tsunami shelter sizes of beams and columns were increased. The area of

steel provided is arrived for the worst load combinations of seismic and

wind loads.

3.6. IS 13920 :2016, code of practice for Ductile Design and Detail

covers the requirements for designing and detailing of members of

reinforced concrete (RC) structures designed to resist lateral effects of

earthquake shaking, so as to give them adequate stiffness, strength and

ductility to resist severe earthquake shaking without collapse.

3.7. The criteria adopted by codes for fixing the level of design, seismic loading

are generally as below

� Structures should be able to resist minor earthquake without damage.

� Structures should be able to resist moderate earthquake without structures damage, but with some non-structural damage.

� Structures should be able to resist major earthquake without collapse

but with some structural & non-structural damage.

10

The following illustrations show ductile detailing for reinforcement bars in RCC Constructions.

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

11

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

12

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

>20 db

13

Fig.14

Fig.15

14

4. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Tsunami resistant buildings

4.0. The general guidelines for planning of Tsunami Resistant Buildings are given

below.

4.1. The tsunami waves always approach from the direction of sea towards the

coast. It is known that the tsunami forces can even be ten times larger than

the maximum earthquake or cyclonic wind pressures. It will therefore

require a very heavy wall structure in the lower stories of the building to

make it safe against tsunami impacts. The kinds of actions created on the

building are shown in Figure below.

Fig.16

ACTION ON STRUCTURE DUE TO TSUNAMIS

Minimize Tsunami Wave Pressures

4.2. Buildings constructed on reinforced stilt columns should have sufficient

clearance under the building superstructure, such that the tsunami wave

will be able to pass though, exerting only the minimum pressures on the

columns

4.3. For further reduction in such hydrodynamic pressures, the columns may be

made circular, octagonal or square with chamfered/rounded corners. The

15

risers in stairs should be left open for water to pass through. The exterior

walls of the structure may be shaped in a manner to deflect the wave

energy sideways. Suitable gaps between a cluster of buildings, will allow the

wave to pass through, thus decreasing the pressure on the structures.

Fig.17

STRUCTURE ON STILTS

Provide Collapsible Structural Obstructions

4.4. Buildings may be built with infill/cladding wall panels which would break

easily and give way to the tsunami wave to pass through.

Provide Coastal Protection Wall 4.5. Coastal protection walls may be constructed by which the wave water will

be deflected back towards the sea. (Fig 17). The walls may be curved

concavely towards the sea in vertical or the horizontal plane. Needless to

say that the walls will have to be designed for the resulting very large

reactive forces.

4.6. The presence of vegetation (mangroves) is also a coastal protection

measure and acts to some extent as a buffer to the tsunami wave action.

Fig.17

BLOCKING WALLS FOR DEFLECTION OF TSUNAMI

16

Provide Break Waters

4.7. On the coastal side of the building, appropriate energy dissipation blocks of

concrete or stone may be arranged as is done under the canal falls or the

spill way dams which will dissipate the energy of the fast moving waters of

the tsunami so that the impact on the building elements will be minimized

to safe level.

Fig.18

WAVE BREAKERS FOR SLOWING SPEED OF WAVES

Evacuation of Population

4.8. Evacuation of people could be effected by vertical evacuation through raised

platforms with proper staircase approach, or into upper floors of multistorey

buildings, or to platforms constructed at high enough elevation as part of

elevated water towers, or by creating safe areas at higher elevations

provided with easy and direct approach to the nearby communities. The

design approach for structures to be used for evacuation purpose should be

chosen suitably for the sites under consideration.

Fig.19

VERTICAL EVACUATION

17

Fig.20

Table I

18

5. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Cyclone resistant buildings

5.0. The following are the guidelines for Planning Cyclone Resistant Buildings

5.1. The buildings are pulled apart by winds moving swiftly around and over the

building. This lowers the pressure on the outside and creates suction on the

walls and roof. Therefore the buildings are to be planned and designed

considering these aspects of wind force and pressure.

The following illustrations show actions of wind forces

Fig.21

Fig.22

19

Fig.23

Fig.24

5.2. Guidelines for improving the cyclonic resistance of Low rise houses

and other buildings/ structures are furnished in IS 15498:2004

a) As far as possible, the building shall be founded on good ground. Part of the

building on good ground and partly on made up ground shall be avoided

[see. Fig 25.a ].

b) Regular plan shapes are preferred. Reentrant corners are to be avoided

c) For individual buildings, a circular or polygonal plan is preferred over

rectangular or square plans but from the view point of functional efficiency,

often a rectangular plan is commonly used. Where most prevalent wind

direction is known, a building should be so oriented, where feasible, that its

smallest facade faces the wind.

d) A symmetrical building with a compact plan-form is more stable than an

asymmetrical building with a zig-zag plan, having empty pockets as the

latter is more prone to wind/cyclone related damage [see Fig. 25 c]

20

Fig.25

e) In case of construction of group of buildings with a row type or cluster

arrangement, cluster arrangement can be followed in preference to row

type. However, in certain cases, both may give rise to adverse wind

pressure due to tunnel action and studies need to be conducted to look into

this aspect

f) Long walls having length in excess of 3.5 m shall be provided with cross

walls or integrated pilasters

21

g) Buildings are not to be located in low-lying areas as cyclones are invariably

associated with floods.

h) In hilly regions, construction along ridges should be avoided since they

experience an accentuation of wind velocity whereas valleys experience

lower speeds in general

i) Except in case of buildings with large span with sloped roofs, roof pitches

having a slope less than I in 3 shall be avoided.

j) The percent of the total opening in the cross section of the frontal wall shall

be less than 50 percent of the width of the wall. Opening in load bearing

walls should not be within a distance of h/6 from the inner corner for the

purpose o providing lateral support to cross walls, where h is the storey

height up to eave level.(Fig 26)

Fig.26

5.3. Further regarding the door, window openings and glazing the following are

to be considered

a) If doors & shutters cannot be shut, make sure there are opposing

openings to reduce pressure build up. Trees can be planted around the

buildings

22

b) Since failure of any door or window on windward side may lead to

adverse upward pressure. The doors and windows should have adequate

anchorage with holdfasts.

c) Large size Glass paneling result in more damages. Panel sizes may be

well designed with smaller sizes. Thin plastic films can be pasted to glass

panels for holding debris in case of breaking due to wind forces. A

metallic fabric mesh outside large panels can prevent damages. (Fig 27)

Fig.27

5.4. Guidelines for Designing Cyclone Resistant Buildings considering

wind forces

5.4.1. The design criteria for wind loads can be considered along with design

criteria for Earth quake so that the design is economical considering all

the forces.

5.4.2. The cyclone shelters now constructed in PWD are renamed as

Emergency shelters to be used during all the natural disasters such as

Tsunami, Cyclone, Flood etc and also continue to be used throughout the

year as a school or community hall..

23

Design for Wind loads:

5.4.3. The calculations for wind pressure and design forces on various

structural members can be done as per IS 875 part 3 :2015. The

Basic wind speed differ for different regions as per Wind speed map

published in the code. (Refer the map enclosed). The Wind velocity

can be adopted as 65 miles/second (250km/ hour) with normal load

factors for areas on east coast as per the Design Criteria for the

Construction of Cyclone Shelters issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs,

Government of India

5.4.4. As per the above code the following parameters are considered for

different types of structural members of various types of buildings for

calculating wind pressures and design forces. Data: Wind Zone, Terrain

category

5.4.5. Design Factors: Risk coefficient factor, Terrain and Height factor,

Topography factor, importance factor for cyclone region, Wind

directionality factor, Area averaging factor, Tributary area of short wall,

Tributary area of long walls, Tributary area of roof, Permeability of the

buildings, internal pressure, External pressure etc

24

BASIC WIND SPEED MAP OF INDIA

Fig.28

AS PER IS 875 PART 3 2015

25

6. Guidelines for Planning and Design of Flood resistant buildings

6.0. The following are the guidelines to be followed for Planning and Designing of Flood Resistant Buildings.

6.1. The estimation of flood, maximaum flood level etc are done by the Water

Resources department. The Local GovernmentS impose development

control rules so that the premises of the buildings are located in a proper

orientation to face the flood situation. The following are to be considered

during the planning and design f the individual buildings which come under

the purview of the PWD Engineers.

6.2. Rising the elevation: The elevation of living area should be above the

base flood elevation (B. F. E.). There should be enough space for the

passage of flow in case of flood. For an area with a low probability of flood

the space below the living area can be utilized for parking the vehicle,

laundry or bathroom etc. The B. F. E. is the water surface level for a flood

of 100 years return period.

6.3. Building the lower levels water tight: The walls and openings of the

lower levels are sealed to stop the water from penetrating the house. The

sealing should be sufficiently strong to bear the forces in the flood

conditions acting in the form of lateral forces and uplift thrust of the flood

water. The building for such purpose should be designed by taking all these

forces in consideration. Enclosures, sealants, membranes and coatings can

be used to make the lower levels watertight.

6.4. Wet flood proofing: Wet flood proofing involves the controlled and safe

passage of flood water through the lower levels of the building.

6.5. The rain water harvesting arrangements for the building and the

premises should be well designed and well maintained.

6.6. The sewers and water supply system should be above the water level

or should be sealed when the water rises above them to avoid any health

hazards.

6.7. Electrical appliances and outlets should also be at higher levels. The

inlets points should be opened well before any pileup of water to avoid

pressure at the structure.

26

Fig.29

Fig.30

Illustrations showing the elevation of living area above the base flood elevation (B. F. E.). and the suggested rain water percolation in car parking area

and the lawn

27

7. FIRE PREPAREDNESS : EXTRACT OF “ 15 MAINTENANCE OF FIRE

FIGHTING SYSTEMS ” AS IN NBC VOL 2 CHAPTER 12

7.1. Maintenance of fire detection and suppression systems in any facility is a

very important task for the facility manager. All owners shall arrange to

deploy adequate number of trained people to man the systems and also

ensure adequate budgetary support to enable proper maintenance and

upkeep of the systems.

7.2. Besides properly maintaining all systems, such as fire detectors, sprinklers,

first aid fire equipment, yard hydrants, fire tanks, fire pumps, etc, it is

imperative that all fire exits and staircases are kept free from any form of

obstruction to allow easy egress of occupants in case of any fire incident.

7.3. At the time of commissioning of any facility proper testing of all fire

detection and suppression systems shall be done in accordance with

relevant Indian Standards and proper record of same shal be maintained.

Wherever lift lobbies, staircases, lift wells or any other such location has

been designed to remain under pressure from firefighting point of view it is

imperative that necessary pressure fans, etc, are kept properly maintained

so that there is no failure in this regard. Security guards/lift operators shall

be guided to ensure that, wherever doors have been provided to maintain

differential pressures are closed to ensure proper functioning.

7.4. Similarly smoke extraction fans, fire dampers in HVAC systems shall be

periodically (at least a fortnightly check is desirable) run and tested to

ensure that they function properly in case of any emergency.

7.5. The facility manager shall hold regular mock firefighting drills so that

people are made aware of thesystems installed, the location of nearest

exits, etc.

7.6. Maintenance of fire extinguishers shall be carried out in accordance with

the good practice [12(6)]. Periodic inspection, testing and refilling shall be

got done from competent and trained persons as per provisions given

in the above mentioned good practice and as per recommendations of the

manufacturers.

28

7.7. Proper records of this activity shall be maintained. All fire detection

systems shall be strictly maintained in accordance with the good practice

[12(7)]. Facility manager shall ensure that during any fit out or

refurbishment, no detector is subjected to any interior decoration

treatment such as painting, alteration of exterior cover to conform to the

environment.

7.8. A log book should be maintained for recording details, including causes of

all the alarms (genuine, test or false), faults service tests and routine

inspections, servicing/repairs, etc, as and when done. Period of

disconnection/non-operation should also be shown.

7.9. Checks shall be made every day to ascertain that the fire panel indicates

normal operation and if not, then any fault indicated should be recorded in

a log book and corrective action taken and record of that should also be

maintained. It shall be ensured that any fault warning recorded the

previous day has received attention. The control panel shall be manned

regularly so that in case of any incident, immediate action can be initiated.

7.10. Success of any firefighting system will depend upon timely and proper

functioning of the fire pumps. Regular maintenance of these pumps shall

be done in accordance with the good practice [12(8)]. Checking of jockey

pumps shall be a daily exercise. Adequate stock of diesel shall be

maintained in a safe location to ensure that pumps can be operated for

design duration.

7.11. Other fire installations such as external fire hydrants, hose reels, etc, shall

be checked periodically and shall be maintained. External fire hydrants

shall be inspected, checked and maintained in accordance with the good

practice [12(9)]. Internal fire hydrants and hose reels on premises shall be

maintained in accordance with the good practice [12(10)]. Automatic

sprinkler system shall be maintained in accordance with the good practice

[12(11)].

29

Fire Water Reservoirs/Tank

7.12. It shall be ensured that fire water tank reservoirs are always full and free

from any foreign materials. The water level shall be recorded weekly.

Reservoirs shall be cleaned at least once in a year or more frequently

depending upon quality of water and sludge formation shall be prevented.

Records of inspection, testing and maintenance operations and reports

of hydraulic pressure tests of extinguishers and other equipment shall be

maintained as per history sheet.

7.13. All maintenance operations shall be carried out as a well-planned exercise

to ensure that the facility is not subjected to unnecessary risk.

a) In case of planned shut down:

a. Authorities shall be kept informed before shutting of the installation

for any reason, whatsoever.

b. A thorough assessment of the risk shall be undertaken before a part

or total shut down to ensure that there is no incident of fire during

shut down.

c. The heads of all the departments, tenants, RWAs shall be notified in

writing that the installation shall remain inoperative and they shall

exercise abundant caution during the period.

b) In case of unplanned shut down . When the installation is rendered

inoperative as a matter of urgency or by accident, the measures stated

above for planned shutdown shall be implemented with least possible delay.

Fire Drills

7.14. Carrying out regular and periodic fire drills, at intervals as may be

prescribed, is essential to ensure reparedness of personnel and testing

of equipment to ensure that all systems function smoothly in case of any

exigency.

7.15. All assets used for firefighting and fire prevention can be equipped with

sensors. These sensors shall be capable of monitoring the health of the

equipment. Sensors should log the status and send to the central database

at monitoring station or BMS, where provided.

7.16. Staircases, fire exits, refuge areas, passages, open surroundings inside or

outside the premises should be kept clear of goods.

30

8.1. CASE STUDY

ON

FIRE SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS IN

TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY

HOSPITAL,

OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE,

CHENNAI - 600 002

31

TamilNadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital,

Omandurar Government Estate,

Chennai - 600 002 GENERAL DETAILS

1 Name of the Building and Address

TamilNadu Government Multi Super

Specialty Hospital,


Chennai - 600 002

a. Plot area 83,000 Sq.mtrs

b. Total No. of floors with floor area

Total Floor area Ground + 6 floors

i. Basement Nil

ii. Ground floor 17455 Sq.mtrs

iii. Mezzanine, I Nil

iv. Floors ( 1st - 6th floor ) 68964 Sq.mtrs

c. Height of Building ( in meters) 30.60 mtrs

d. Entrance ( width ) Drive way entry - 5.10 mtrs

Building Entry - 4.20 mtrs

e. Approach road (width) 7.20 mtrs

2 Occupancy / Use Hospital

3 Parking areas 5500 Sq.mtrs

4 Fire resistance of construction materials

Stair case and Electrical rooms are provided

with Fire rated doors a. Self closing fire / smoke check doors

b. Partitions Aluminium, Brick wall, Gypsum Board

Partitions

c. False ceiling Gypsum board false ceiling and Metal False

ceiling

d. lining for air-conditioning ducts Available

e. Insulation for air-conditioning ducts Available

f. Panelling Wooden wall paneling in Conference hall in

Ground floor & Third floor

g. Surface finishes Floor finish - Granite & Marble

Walls - Plastic Emulsion Paint

32

5 Compartmentation Considered in the original plan of the

building

6 Ventilation Natural lighting through OTS covered with

Skylight Glazing Units

7 Means of Entry Staircases, Lift

8 Means of Escape Through staircases, Emergency exit points

at 10 locations

9 Electrical Insulations FRLS & PVC Insulated wires

10 Alternate lighting arrangements UPS &Generators available

11 Rooms air-conditioners Proper rated voltage stabilizers provided

12 Drainage Underground Drains through sewer pipe

lines

33

Details of the building to be shown to the inspection team from Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services

1 Description of the Building and Address

TamilNadu Government Multi Super

Specialty Hospital,


Chennai - 600 002

a. No. of floors with each floor in

Sq.mts

Ground + 6 floors

Ground floor - 17455

First floor - 11274

Second floor - 11061

Third floor - 10137

Fourth floor - 11061

fifth floor - 12595

Sixth floor - 12836

b(i) No. of staircase with width of each

staircase 17 Nos of staircase of width 4.00 mtrs

b(ii)

No. of lifts and capacity of each,

availability of service staircase,

service lift etc. Should be

mentioned

17 Numbers of lift and 1 number of service

lift

c.

No. of rooms and halls at each

floor along with the nature of

occupancy

Varies from 85 rooms to 110 rooms at each

floor

d. Canteen details if any 2 nos of canteen (1 each at Ground floor &

Third floor )

2 Total occupancy As per bed strength

3 No. of HP machinery installed 10 Numbers

4 Details of Generators, if any provided

a. H.P / K.V of generator 200 KVA LT Generators 2 nos

250 KVA LT Generators 2 nos

b. Quantity of diesel, furnace oil

stored 990 Litrs

c. Whether proper licence obtained

for such storage Not required

5 Nature of Air-Conditioner system in the

premises Chilled water air conditioning system

6

Extent of site and set back around the

building on all for directions ( to be

specified separately

1. North side - 80 mtrs

2. South side - 12 mtrs

3. East side - 12 mtrs

4. West side - 7.50 mtrs

7

Whether Automatic fire detectors / fire

alarms installed

Provided to be modified according to

converted plan

34

8 Lightining protections Provided to be modified according to

converted plan

9 Fire protection and Alarm system Provided to be modified according to

converted plan

10 Water supply ( Well / Bore pumps, wate

mains etc.,) Metro water

11 Fire pumps (Total Nos) 3 Nos + 1 No. (Alternate diesel pump)

12 Wet riser down corner & Hydrant

systems & automatic sprinkler system.

Wet riser - 13 Nos

Hydrant - 109 Nos @ 30m interval

Automatic sprinkler system in all floors

13 Hose reel & Hose box Hose reel - 96 Nos & Hose box - 96 Nos

each @ every 1000 m2

14 Portable fire extinguishers ABC type - 6kg - 93 Nos

Co2 Type - 4.5 kg - 14 Nos

Co2 type - 22.50 kg - 7 Nos

15 Fire lift with separate generator To be provided

16 Storage or Diesel / Oil / LPG To be provided

17 Communication system

a. Public Address System available

b. Inter Communication System available

c. Illuminated Signs available

18

Maintenance of fire protection installation

equipments ( by whom )

Public works department

19 Fire fighting training to staff -

20 Details of licences issued No

21

No. of fire lifts available and their

location

As in item 1(b)

22

Whether any alternative power supply is

available for fire lifts, emergency lights

and pumps of wet riser ( their rated

capacity)

Alternate diesel pump is available for wet

riser

23

Whether safety officer available round

the clock and if so, whether his

subordinates are trained by local fire

services

Yes

24

Whether fire drill has been conducted

and joint evacuation drill has been

conducted by the security officer and the

local fire officer

Joint evacuation drill has been conducted

during October 2016 along with fire

department officials

26

Details of present inspections to comply

table 3 in part IV of NBC of India 1983

As below

35

a. Wet riser 13 Nos

b. Hose reel 96 Nos

c. Details of hoses 182 Nos

d. extinguishers - their nos and

capacity

ABC type - 6kg - 93 Nos

Co2 Type - 4.5 kg - 14 Nos

Co2 type - 22.50 kg - 7 Nos

e. Hydrants 109 Nos

f. Sprinklers

Available in all floor ( Temporarily suspended

)

g.

water supply details such as

Underground Tank / or terrace

tank

Fire Sump - 5.00 lakh litres capacity

h. Fire buckets with stand Nil

27

Whether copy of approved plan of the

building is enclosed

No

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT

MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY HOSPITAL AT OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE, CHENNAI – 600 002

Sl.No. DESCRIPTION AS PER TAMILNADU

FIRE & RESCUE SERVICE NORMS

AVAILABLE

1 WET RISER FOR EVERY 1000 M2 - 1

No. 91 Nos @

1000m2/each

2 FIRE FIGHTING UG SUMP 150000 Litres 500000 Litres

3 TERRACE OHT 20000 Litres 55000 Litres

4 FIRE FIGHTING UG SUMP -

MOTOR 2280 LPM 4550 LPM

5 ALTERNATE DIESEL PUMP 2280 LPM 4550 LPM

6 JOCKEY PUMP 180 LPM 10.80 m3/s

7 FIRE SERVICE INLET To be provided

provided with NRV (4 ways) near

Omandurar Estate

Metro Station

8 HOSE ASSEMBLY Every 1000 m2 30m length of 20mm dia hose provided at

every 1000m2

9 YARD HYDRANT Every 30m interval 13 Nos Yard Hydrant

provided at 30m

interval

36

10 FIRE ALARMS To be Provided at all

floors

Existing in all floors

(Usage Temporarily suspended)

11 AUTOMATIC DETECTION SYSTEM

To be Provided at all floors

Existing in all floors (Usage Temporarily

suspended)

12 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER

SYSTEM

To be Provided at all

floors

Existing in all floors (Usage Temporarily

suspended)

13 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM To be Provided at all

floors Provided in all floors

14 ALTERNATE INDEPENDENT

POWER SYSTEM To be Provided

Generator system with Diesel is

provided

15 RAMP FOR EXIT Ramp in 1:10 at Exit

point

2 Ramps in 1:10 slope provided at exit

points

16 RAMP WIDTH 2.10 2.10

17

EXIT STAIRCASE WITH

AUTOMATIC SELF CLOSING FIRE CHECK DOORS

To be provided

Provided at all

staircases and Electrical rooms

18 MINIMUM WIDTH OF

CORRIDOR 2.40 3.00

19 MANIFOLD Isolated Isolated from

Hospital

20 CAR PARKING Covered car parking with

automatic sprinkler system to be provided

Open car parking

system

21 OPEn SPACE AROUND THE BUILDING

7.00 m minimum - 7.50 m

22 WIDTH OF MAIN GATE 4.50 m 7.00 m

23 EXIT STAIRCASE WIDTH 2.00 m 4.00 m

24 LOUVERED WINDOWS 2 2

25 PERIODICAL MAINTENACE Should be done

maintained by well

experienced fire fighting contractors

26 REGULAR MOCK DRILL Every 6 months Every 6 months

27 FIRE SERVICE LIFT Separate 1 No. Outside

the building Not available

37

CO2

22.50 Kg

CO2

4.50 Kg

ABC

6Kg

1 GROUND FLOOR 1 11 13 13 13 13

2 FIRST FLOOR 1 - 10 13 13 13

3 SECOND FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13

4 THIRD FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 - 14 13 13 13

8 LAWN - - - 13 1 4

9 DRIVE WAY - - - 5 5 5

TOTAL 7 11 93 96 96 13 96 1 4

HOSE

REEL

DRUM

FOURWAY

FIRE

BRIGADE

UNIT

WATER

MONITOR

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN TAMILNADU GOVERNMENT MULTI SUPER SPECIALTY

HOSPITAL AT OMANDURAR GOVERNMENT ESTATE, CHENNAI - 02

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS

FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Sl.No. LOCATION

WET RISER

WITH

HYDRANT

VALVE

HOSE

REEL BOX

YARD

HYDRANT

38

8.2. CASE STUDY

ON

FIRE SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS IN

RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL,

CHENNAI-3

39

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT GENERAL

HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS –Tower Block 1

Sl.

No. LOCATION

Fire

Extinguisher WET

RISER

WITH

HYDRANT

VALVE

HOSE

REEL

BOX

YARD

HYDRANT

HOSE

REEL

DRUM

FOURWAY

FIRE

BRIGADE

UNIT

CO2

4.50

Kg

DCP

10KG

1 GROUND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

2 FIRST FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

3 SECOND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

4 THIRD FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

8 BASEMENT 1 8 4 4 1 4 1

Total 8 64 32 32 1 32 1

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS IN RAJIV GANDHI GOVERNMENT

GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI – 03

AVAILABLE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS in Tower Block II

Sl.

No. LOCATION

Fire

Extinguisher

WET

RISE

R

WITH

HYDR

ANT

VALV

E

HOSE

REEL

BOX

YARD

HYDRA

NT

HOSE

REEL

DRUM

FOURWA

Y FIRE

BRIGAD

E UNIT

CO2

4.50 Kg

DCP

10KG 1 GROUND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

2 FIRST FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

3 SECOND FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

4 THIRD FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1 8 4 4 4

8 BASEMENT 1 8 4 4 1 4 1

Total 8 64 32 32 1 32 1

40


GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03

AVAILABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Sl. No. LOCATION

DCP

5KG

I SPECIALITY BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 2

2 FIRST FLOOR 2

3 SECOND FLOOR 2

4 THIRD FLOOR 2

5 FOURTH FLOOR 2

6 FIFTH FLOOR 2

7 SIXTH FLOOR 2

II BIR BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

III PSYCHIATRY BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

IV STD BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

V CARDIO THORACIC

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

4 THIRD FLOOR 1

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1

8 SEVENTH FLOOR 1

VI CARDIOLOGY BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

4 THIRD FLOOR 1

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1

41

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1

8 SEVENTH FLOOR 1

VII NEUROLOGY BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

4 THIRD FLOOR 1

5 FOURTH FLOOR 1

6 FIFTH FLOOR 1

7 SIXTH FLOOR 1

VIII SURGICAL BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

IX ORTHO BLOCK

1 GROUND FLOOR 1

2 FIRST FLOOR 1

3 SECOND FLOOR 1

4 THIRD FLOOR 1

TOTAL 51


GENERAL HOSPITAL, CHENNAI - 03

Sl.

No. DESCRIPTION

AS PER

TAMILNADU FIRE

& RESCUE

SERVICE NORMS

AVAILABLE

Tower block I Tower block

II

1 WET RISER

FOR EVERY 1000 M2

-

1 No.

32 Nos @ 1000

/m2/each

32 Nos @ 1000

/m2/each

2 FIRE FIGHTING UG

SUMP 150000 Litres

279000

lites

279000

lites

3 TERRACE OHT 20000 Litres 60000

litres

60000

litres

4 FIRE FIGHTING UG

SUMP - MOTOR 2280 LPM YES YES

5 ALTERNATE DIESEL

PUMP 2280 LPM YES

6 JOCKEY PUMP 180 LPM

42

7 FIRE SERVICE INLET To be provided 1 To be

provided

8 YARD HYDRANT Every 30m

interval 1 1

9 FIRE ALARMS To be Provided

at all floors

available

available

10 AUTOMATIC

DETECTION SYSTEM

To be Provided at

all floors

available

available

11 AUTOMATIC

SPRINKLER SYSTEM

To be Provided at all

floors Not avaiable Not avaiable

12 PUBLIC ADDRESS

SYSTEM

To be Provided at

all floors

available

available

13

ALTERNATE

INDEPENDENT

POWER SYSTEM

To be Provided Gen set

available

Gen set

available

14 RAMP FOR EXIT Ramp in 1:10

at Exit point

Ramp in 1:10

at Exit point

Ramp in 1:10

at Exit point

15 RAMP WIDTH 2.10 2.10 2.10

16

EXIT STAIRCASE

WITH AUTOMATIC

SELF CLOSING FIRE

CHECK DOORS

To be provided Not avaiable Not avaiable

17 MINIMUM WIDTH OF

CORRIDOR 2.40 3.00 3.00

18 MANIFOLD Isolated Isolated from

Hospital NIL

19 OPEn SPACE AROUND

THE BUILDING 7.00 m 7.40 7.40

20 WIDTH OF MAIN

GATE 4.50 m 5 5

21 EXIT STAIRCASE

WIDTH 2.00 m 4 4

22 LOUVERED WINDOWS 2 6 6

23 REGULAR MOCK

DRILL Every 6 months

Every

6 months

Every

6 months

24 FIRE SERVICE LIFT Separate 1 No.

Outside the building To be Provided To be Provided

43

9. A CASE STUDY OF PRE TSUNAMY CYCLONE SHELTERS AND POST

TSUNAMI CONSTRUCTION OF NEW MULT PURPOSE EVACUATION

SHELTERS

PRE DISASTER ARRANGEMENTS IN EMERGENCY CYCLONE SHELTERS

9.1. During the Tsunami in 2004 there were existing 123 cyclone shelters. Those

buildings were constructed during the period 1979 to 1991 along the

coastal Districts of Tamil Nadu to provide safe shelter for the large number

of people in the coastal area. The available Cyclone shelters were in

circular shape and could be used only during emergency periods like

Cyclone, Tsunami etc.

9.2. For 114 cyclone shelters repair and renovation works for an amount of

Rs.251 Lakhs were carried out under Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction

Project

PICTURE OF OLD TYPE CYCLONE SHELTERS AFTER REHABILITATION

9.3. These shelters could not be utilized during normal periods for any

community functions as the shape of the building is not suitable for such

purposes and are in remote places Those existing Cyclone Shelters were not

used due to following reasons

1. There was limited capacity in Cyclone Shelters and these facilities could

not provide shelter to everyone in a community.

44

2. Cyclone Shelters could not permit pets due to limited ability to cater for

pets and people in the same space pet owners will need to identify, early

in their cyclone planning, other arrangements for sheltering their pets.

3. Cyclone shelters could not have enough space for bedding and personal

goods – as it takes up valuable floor space.

4. Cyclone Shelters would be used to accommodate as many people as is

possible in the available space and most people had to be seated in a

chair and would not be able to lie or sit on a mattress or stretcher. Older

adults and children were unlikely to be able to fall asleep in a shelter.

5. Cyclone Shelters were not intended to be evacuation centres or recovery

centres that were established only to provide relief services and housing

over an extended period for people whose houses were damaged or

destroyed during the event. When the Cyclone had passed persons

sheltering in the building would be directed elsewhere.

6. Cyclone Shelters would become cramped, crowded, noisy, smelly with

no privacy.

7. Cyclone Shelters were established as a safe place away from the

habitation in an elevated area.

POST DISASTER APPROACH IN CONSTRUCTING NEW MULT PURPOSE EVACUATION SHELTER

9.4. From the lessons learnt from the relief operations during the 2004 Tsunami

a new approach was evolved with the following aspects.

• Assessment of need:

People living very close to the sea and are vulnerable to the damages

caused by frequent natural disaster flood , storm , Tsunami etc.

Community consultations were made.

• Identification of site:

1. The Government of Tamil Nadu had under taken field visit to study

and find out villages / settlements where people do not have access to

safe shelters within a radius of 1.5 km free from natural barriers.

45

2. Based on the findings 145 villages have been identified tentatively,

these location have brrn conformed or changes suggested by the

consultants as applicable.

3. Government or Poromboke land is prepared for Shelter construction to

avoid social issues such as land acquisition and resettlement.

Construction of 121 Multipurpose evacuation shelters in 12 coastal districts of Tamil Nadu under CDRRP with world bank assistance

9.5. Instead of Constructing shelters solely as a refugee camp during Tsunami,

Construction of Permanent Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters shall serve the

people at all times. Considering this it was proposed to construct the

following buildings in 12 coastal districts to a cost of Rs.294.24 crores

9.6. Some of such Permanent Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters are constructed

as 500 People Capacity School Building, 1000 People Capacity School

Building, 1000 People Capacity Community Hall Building, 2000 People

Capacity Community Hall Building, 3000 People Capacity Community Hall

Building, PHC Waiting Hall, Fisheries Staff Training Institute.

9.7. Generally the following features can be seen in a typical

Multipurpose Evacuation Shelter

Plinth area: Ground floor - 724.00 Sq.m

First floor - 724.00 Sq.m

Total Area - 1448.00Sq.m

Ground floor Stilt floor for cattle accommodation.

First floor-Carpet area – 409.69 Sq.m

Area required for one person - 1.00 Sq.m

No. of persons can be accommodated - 410 Nos.

Terrace floor- Helipad arrangement

(with free access area of 564 Sq.m)

SPECIAL FEATURES:-

� Easy approach. Accommodation - 410 persons (409.69 Sq.m.)

� Kitchen, Store pantry. - 76.19 Sq.m.

46

� Dispensary - 23.00 Sq.m.

� Separate Internal and external water supply Arrangements.

� Separate Internal and external Sanitary Arrangements.

� Separate Internal and external Electrification Arrangements.

� One Generator Set.

� Ramp for disabled and Children.

� With standing Severe Cyclones, earthquakes, inundation, floods,

Tsunami etc.,

� Easy approach

DESIGN CRITERIA:-

� Strom surge level at the site is 3.00m above ground level.

� The proposed basement level is 1.50m above the ground level.

� It is proposed to provide STILT FLOOR.

� STILT FLOOR on the ground floor can be used by providing

temporary partitions of concrete benches.

� Rain water harvesting is done for providing water supply during

cyclone storm surge period.

� RCC frames with non load bearing wall laterally supported by filler

walls and deeper foundation on elevated ground to avoid submerge

of main building during Cyclone.

9.8. Setting up Maintenance arrangements:

Formation of Shelter Management Committee is under process by SIRD.

9.9. Construction, certification and hand over

The completed MEPS as School building has building has been handed over

to the Education Department and the Community Hall building has been

handed over to the Town Panchayat .

The School building key will be with the Head Master and the Community

Hall building key will be with the Panchayat President or the convenient

person with the knowledge of the president it could be kept with the care

taking team. No others will be allowed to keep the key with them

47

A SCHOOL BUILDING IN THOOTHUKUDI DISTRICT

A COMMUNITY HALL BUILDING IN CUDDALORE DISTRICT

48

9.10. . Action plan for the future management of Multipurpose Evacuation

Shelters

After formation of Shelter Management Committee , the completed

Multipurpose Evacuation Shelters may be used as follows.

During any calamities or any disaster the information will be passed

through the Public Administration System will be operated from here.

Monthly Village Restoration Committee meeting will be held.

Emergency meetings in the village like Panchayat meetings will be

conducted.

By considering the development of the children’s education evening

tuition centre will be conducted with the concern of Shelter

Management Committee.

Weekly Self Help Group meeting will be conducted.

Seed could be stored if needed during unavoidable situation with the

concern of Shelter Management Committee.

Community function like marriage function, marriage reception, Birth

day celebration, Ear ring celebration, could be performed.

Government meetings could be conducted . No political, religion and

caste related meetings or gatherings could be conducted.

A separate Register will be maintained for recording the visitors , the

chief guest and the programs performed.

49

10. MULTI PURPOSE EVACUATION SHELTERS - 121 NOS. IN 12 COASTAL

DISTRICTS OF TAMILNADU

Sl.

No. Name of Place Type of Building

Thiruvallur District

1 Thirupalaivanam II (Pulicat [Jameelabath] ) Community Hall (1000)

2 Andarmadam(Pulicat [Kottaikuppam]) Community Hall (2000)

3 Pallipalayam(Annamalaichery) School Building (500)

4 Elavoor - 1 (Sunnambukulam) School Building (500)

5 Elavoor - 2 (Methipalayam ) Community Hall (1000)

Kancheepuram District

6 Uthandi School Building(500)

7 Nemmeli School Building(1000)

8 Pattipulam School Building(500)

9 Sholinganallur School Building(1000)

10 Kanathur Community Hall(1000)

Villupuram District

11 Bommaiyarpalayam School Building(500)

12 Marakkanam North [Alagankuppam] School Building(500)

13 Kottakuppam School Building(1000)

14 Kottaikuppam Madura/

PeriyamudaliyarchavadiBommaiyarpalayam [Pillai

Chavady)

School Building(500)

15 Mandavaipudukuppam School Building(500)

16 Marakkanam South [Ekkairkuppam] Community Hall(1000)

17 Panichamedu Community Hall(1000)

18 Anumandaikuppam School Building(500)

19 Chettinagar School Building(500)

20 Nochikuppam Community Hall(2000)

21 Keelputhupattu School Building(500)

22 Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000)

Koonimedukuppam Community Hall(1000)

Cuddalore District

23 Pachayankuppam H/O Sothikuppam School Building(1000)

24 Kudikadu H/O Eachankadu Community Hall(1000)

25 Thiyagavalli Community Hall(1000)

26 Thiyagavalli [Madurai Naickenpettai] Community Hall(1000)

27 Thirunaraiyur Community Hall(2000)

28 Keezhakundalavadi Community Hall(1000)

29 Ambikapuram Community Hall(1000)

30 Veerankoilthittu Community Hall(1000)

31 Killai [North] Kozhaiayru Community Hall(1000)

32 Pinnathur [East] Community Hall(2000)

33 Thillaividangan [South] Community Hall(1000)

34 Killai [North] MGR Thittu Community Hall(1000)

35 Parangipettai Community Hall(2000)

36 PunjaiMagathuvaizhaikai Community Hall(2000)

Nagapattinam District

37 Pachayankuppam H/O Sothikuppam School Building(1000)

38 Kudikadu H/O Eachankadu Community Hall(1000)

39 Thiyagavalli Community Hall(1000)

50

40 Thiyagavalli [Madurai Naickenpettai] Community Hall(1000)

41 Thirunaraiyur Community Hall(2000)

42 Keezhakundalavadi Community Hall(1000)

43 Ambikapuram Community Hall(1000)

44 Veerankoilthittu Community Hall(1000)

45 Killai [North] Kozhaiayru Community Hall(1000)

Thiruvarur District

46 Jambuvanodai Community Hall(1000)

47 Idumbavanam School Building(1000)

48 ThillaiVizhagam Community Hall(1000)

49 Karpaganatherkulam Community Hall(2000)

50 Thondiayakadu Community Hall(2000)

51 Vilangadu Community Hall(1000)

Thanjavur District

52 Kuppathevan [SembianmadeviPattinam]/

Manthiripattinam

School Building(500)

53 Thiruvathevan [Annanagarpudutheru] School Building(500)

54 Senthalaivayal School Building(500)

55 Thiruvathevan [Somanathapattinam] Community Hall(1000)

56 Vilangulam School Building(500)

57 Nadium / Pilliarthidal School Building(500)

58 Marakkavalasai School Building(500)

59 Karisavayal School Building(500)

60 Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000)

61 Kallivayal School Building(1000)

62 Rajamadam [Keezhathottam] School Building(500)

63 Kollakadu School Building(500)

64 Palanjur School Building(500)

65 Adirampattinam School Building(1000)

Pudukottai District

66 Pilliarthidal Community Hall(1000)

67 Manmelkudi Community Hall(1000)

68 Pariyamadaipaichal School Building(500)

69 Nattanipursakudi / R.Pudupattinam Community Hall(1000)

70 Kattumavadi [Alaganvayal] School Building(500)

71 Mumbalai School Building(500)

72 Mimisal Community Hall(1000)

73 Nattanipurasakidi / Muthukuda Community Hall(1000)

74 Avudaiyarpattinam Community Hall(1000)

75 Kottaipattinam School Building(500)

Ramanathapuram District

76 Muthuraghunathapuram [Pethanandal] School Building(500)

77 Iranian Valasai Community Hall(1000)

78 Therbogi Community Hall(1000)

79 AlagankulamPudikudiyiruppu School Building(500)

80 Mandapam School Building(1000)

81 Santhakonvalasai School Building(500)

82 Vedalai School Building(500)

83 Sundaramudaiyan School Building(500)

84 Pirappanvalasai School Building(1000)

85 Rameswaram [Natarajapuram] Community Hall(1000)

86 Rameswaram town -1 School Building(500)

87 Rameswaram south /Karaiyur School Building(1000)

88 Rameswaram / Sambai School Building(1000)

89 Pamban School Building(1000)

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90 T. Mariyur School Building(500)

91 Keelamunthal Community Hall(1000)

92 Thiruppalaikudi/ Adanchari Community Hall(1000)

93 Kannirajapuram School Building(1000)

94 Kannigapuri Community Hall(1000)

95 Kalpar Community Hall(1000)

96 Earwadi School Building(1000)

97 Nambuthalai / Vadi Community Hall(2000)

98 Mullimunai Community Hall(1000)

Thoothukudi District

99 Vembar School Building(1000)

100 Siluvaipatti H/o Mappilaiyurani Community Hall(2000)

101 Kayalpattinam School Building(1000)

102 KeelaThiruchendur [Amali Nagar] School Building(1000)

103 Tharuvaikulam School Building(1000)

Tirunelveli District

104 Chettikulam School Building(500)

105 Karaisithuoveri Community Hall(2000)

106 Kuttam [Annanagar, Kuttapanai] Community Hall(1000)

107 Kuttam [Kuduthalai] School Building(500)

108 Vijayapathi @ Uvari Community Hall(2000)

109 Thiruvembalapuram @ Kootupuli Community Hall(3000)

Kanyakumari District

110 Kanniyakumari School Building(500)

111 Thengamputhur (Melamanakudi) PHC

112 Kadiapattinam-Muttom PHC

113 Periyavilai School Building(500)

114 Colachel School Building(1000)

115 Midalam School Building(500)

116 Pozhikarai / Rajakkamangalam PHC

117 Enayaputhanthurai / Kiliyur School Building(1000)

118 Ezhudesam/ Erayumanthurai School Building(500)

119 Poothurai School Building(500)

120 Kollencode / Vallavilai School Building(500)

121 Neerodi / Marthandanthurai PHC

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11. District Level PWD contact person during the period of Disaster

Name of Division Office No

Executive Engineer, PWD., South Presidency Division, Chennai-5

044-28517520

Executive Engineer, PWD., North Presidency Division,

Chennai-5

044-28516568

Executive Engineer, PWD.,

Construction Division- I, Chennai-5

28410402 Ext-293

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, Tiruvellore

27661174

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division,

Kancheepuram

27238672


Buildings (C&M) Division, Villupuram

04146-226793


Cuddalore

04142-230274


Buildings (C&M) Division, Vellore

0416-2220113

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, Thiruvannamalai

04175-236068

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, Namakkal

04286-230966


Salem

0427-2413116


Buildings (C&M) Division, Ariyalur

04329-224550


Dharmapuri

04342-230161


Erode

0424-2265650


Buildings (C&M) Division, Coimbatore

0422-2395521


Karur

04324-231630

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Name of Division Office No


Ooty

0423-2450123


Buildings (C&M) Division, Trichy

0431-2771632


Pudukottai

04322-221596


Buildings (C&M) Division, Thanjavur

04362-230323

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, Madurai

0452-2530718


Ramnad

04567-230728


Buildings (C&M) Division, Dindigul

0451-2427432


Theni

04546-260429


Buildings (C&M) Division, Tutucurin

0461-2325039

Executive Engineer, PWD., Buildings (C&M) Division, Tirunelveli

0462-2585555


Virudhunagar

04562-244711


Buildings (C&M) Division, Nagercoil

04652-278330

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12. DISASTER HAZARD SPECIFIC RESPONSE ACTIONS IN BUILDINGS

12.1. Introduction

Tamil Nadu Public Works Department Buildings wing provides the

framework for responding disasters such as Fire, Trapping inside elevator , Flood

inside building ,Cyclone/hurricane , evacuation disaster preparedness etc., that

may affect the in the building campus. It describe response actions that must be

taken during disaster It also provides life safety and emergency response actions

within the building. This is applicable during or immediately following disaster

within the building.

12.2. Fire

Fire safety and emergency action, BEFORE the fire:

i. Plan and practice escape routes inside building and campus

ii. Post emergency numbers near telephones.

iii. Review the printed "Guide to Using Portable Fire Extinguishers"

iv. Do not store combustible materials near a heat source, in hallways,

stairwells or exit paths.

v. Extension cords are for temporary needs only. Never run them under

carpets or anywhere they can be pinched or crushed.

vi. Do not overload electrical outlets by using plug extenders or multiple

power strips.

vii. Keep all electrical appliances away from anything that can catch fire.

Remember always to turn them off at the end of the day.

viii. Pay attention to housekeeping issues.

ix. Keep your work area neat and tidy and keep combustible such as paper

and trash to a minimum.

Fire safety and emergency action, DURING the fire:

i. Immediately notify the fire department and your co-workers by pulling

the fire alarm

ii. Use a fire extinguisher to extinguish the fire.

iii. Evacuate as quickly and as safely as possible.

iv. On your way out, warn others.

55

v. Close doors and windows if time permits, to delay the spread of the

smoke and fire.

vi. Feel closed doors for heat before opening.

vii. Do not open them if they are hot.

viii. Use the stairs to evacuate. Do not use elevators.

ix. If you encounter smoke, stay low to the ground. If possible, cover

mouth with a cloth to avoid inhaling smoke and gases.

x. Once outside, go to your building’s tell those in charge there that you

are out of the building,

xi. Report injured or trapped persons and any signs of building damage you

observed.

xii. Wait for instructions from emergency responders.

xiii. Do not re-enter the building until the all clear is given by emergency

responders.

xiv. If unable to leave the building, find a location away from the smoke and

heat where you can signal for firefighter assistance.

xv. Seal the room. Use wet cloth to stuff around cracks in doors and seal up

vents to protect against smoke.

xvi. Do not break windows. Flames and smoke can come back in from the

outside.

12.3. Flooding inside the building

i. Stop using electrical equipment.

ii. Never attempt to walk or drive through flood waters.

iii. Avoid areas where electricity is exposed or near water.

iv. Evacuate the building if necessary and proceed to your building’s

evacuation shelter

v. Call authorities concern for help

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12.4. Earthquake

i. Stay indoors. Crawl under a table or desk or brace yourself by standing

in an interior doorway.

ii. Do not use elevators, electrical equipment or telephone.

iii. Do not use open flame.

iv. Be prepared for aftershocks.

12.5. High winds / hurricane attacks the building

i. Stay indoors.

ii. Move away from windows and open doors (preferably into an interior

hallway). If possible, move to the lowest level of the building.

iii. Do not use elevators, electrical equipment or telephone.

iv. Sit on the floor and cover your head with your arms to protect from

flying debris

12.6. Trapped in an elevator:

i. Use the emergency telephone inside the elevator to call for assistance.

ii. Press the elevator alarm inside the elevator to signal for help.

iii. Use your cell phone to inform others

12.7. Building Evacuation [Incidents occurring inside this building]

i. In the event of a sudden emergency, such as a fire, natural gas leak, or

hazardous materials spill within the building, all occupants may have to

evacuate.

ii. Building evacuation plans with evacuation routes highlighted are to be

posted throughout the building.

If an evacuation of the building is necessary:

• Pull the fire alarm inside the building for incidents

57

• Dial to official in charge of building and give details about the hazard

• Evacuate immediately.

• Close doors behind you and do not stop for belongings.

• Use stairways, not elevators.

• Evacuate to at least 50 feet from building and remain there until

accounted for.

• Attempt to account for everyone in the department.

• Do not re-enter the building until fire department officials, or other

designated safety personnel communicate that it is safe to return.

• User department officials should determine whether employees should

seek shelter in another facility or leave campus.

12.8. Shelter in place

1. A situation may occur at the safest action will be to shelter in place.

2. Situations such as cyclones/hurricanes, floods falls on building may

cause departmental officials to give a shelter.

3. When a shelter given, the following steps should be taken:

4. Do not leave the building. Find a safe place within the building to stay

and wait for further information. 5. For which the Government of Tamil Nadu constructed evacuation

shelters on the sea shore areas throughout state.

6. Wait for the "all clear" to be given before leaving safe shelter

12.9. Communications

1. When an emergency or disaster is announced, or if building occupants

are alerted to an emergency, all building occupants should notify others in the area. Emergency personnel should be notified.

2. In coordination with the building coordinator, all occupants should

ensure that the appropriate protective action (evacuation, shelter in place, etc.) is communicated as much as possible.

3. User departments should maintain a call roster of all people so that

they may contact them later.

58

4. The building coordinator, in coordination with emergency officials and department heads, will make the determination to take proactive action.

5. The majority of communications during an emergency or disaster incident in the building will be face-to-face.

12.10. Emergency Preparedness of occupants of the buildings

1. Emergency preparedness is the responsibility of every department, member, staff member and every one inside the building.

2. Actively participate in fire safety training including fire extinguisher training and fire evacuation drills

3. Become familiar with your work areas and building.

4. Pay attention to the location of fire evacuation maps, fire extinguishers, fire alarm pull stations, and other fire and life safety equipment in the building.

5. Recognize potential fire hazards and report them immediately.

6. Keep your work areas clean and free of debris and other combustible materials.

7. Make building security.

8. Use caution when approaching suspicious situations, people, packages, etc. Maintain accountability of your personal belongings.

9. Register your cell phone for emergency alerts

10.Remain aware of your surroundings.

12.11. The building coordinator

The user department shall appoint building coordinator, the building coordinator should be:

1. A Responsible employee that can make decisions in a high stress

environment. 2. Knowledgeable about the departments occupying the building

3. Someone who maintains a regular work schedule within the building.

4. Someone who is able to build relationships and effectively communicate with other departments staff within the building.

5. They serve as the communication liaison between emergency service agencies and building occupants.

6. In respect of Pubtic Works Department, the Executive Engineer of BuildingConstruction and Maintenance Division PWD of respective districts ofTamilnadu will be the contact person by the building coordinator of userdepartment. The list of addresses and Phone numbers are enclosed inChapter 11.

1,2.12. For disaster -temporary maintenance of the building :

For disaster preparedness, the temporary maintenance for all GovernmentBuildings maintained by PWD are carried out based on the priority listfurnished by the various user department from the budget provision underMaintenance and Head of respective departments

L2.L3. For disaster - permanent maintenance of the building :

If case of permanent requirements towards attending disaster works in thebuildings, necessary funds , If it is not prioritized under routineMaintenance and Repair by the user department a separate specificsanction will be demanded.

f1*,. "*$[1,r.Enqineer'in-Chief (Buildings) &

Chief Engl;eer (Buildings)' Chcryl.l!Region &

Ctiief Engineer (Genef-l) lH D '

f mPa-uX, ehennai4O0 *$5'

.1onr')

t1- ev{

59

Documents

OFFICE OF THE ENGINEER-IN-CHIEF (BUILDINGS), CHIEF