Office of Science Experience with Surveillance and Maintenance (S&M)

of Environmental Remediation

David Michlewicz – DOE Office of Science, Office of Safety, Security and Infrastructure

ContributorsSusan Heston and Kaushik Joshi – Argonne Site OfficeHemant Patel – Berkeley Site OfficeGail Penny – Brookhaven Site OfficeMac Roddye – SC-Oak RidgeDavid Osugi – SLAC Site Office

2010 Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance ConferenceNovember 16, 2010

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Office of Science Mission Single largest supporter of basic research in the physical

sciences in the United States (Budget ~$5 billion) Office of Science (SC) manages and supports basic

science research programs in: Advanced Scientific Computing Research

Basic Energy Sciences (including materials sciences, chemistry, physical biosciences, and geosciences)

Biological and Environmental Research (including genomics-based systems biology for energy & environment, climate science, and subsurface science for DOE legacy sites)

Fusion Energy Sciences

High Energy Physics

Nuclear Physics

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SC Stewards10 out of 17 DOE National Laboratories

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EM to SC Site Transitions

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) – FY 2008

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) – FY 2010 Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) – Planned for

FY 2012 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC) – Planned

for FY 2012 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) – >20 Years

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Factors Affecting Transitions at SC Sites

All five sites have continuing science missions

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S&M of environmental remediation is accepted as part of routine site operations and integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring program

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SC and EM Conditions for Site Transition (2-9-2006)

Implement DOE O 430.1B (RPAM) Joint development of Site Transition Plan (STP) and S&M Plan SC support to EM with CD-4 for transferred activities Readiness Assessment prior to transfer EM transfers 5-year target to SC – functional transfer memo to

CFO EM transfers to SC records, real property, contracts and grants,

IT resources, etc. EM retains responsibility for litigation, closure of contracts,

Records of Decisions, worker compensation claims One year “warranty” on unanticipated cost and scope No transfer without adequate funding

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LBNL - S&M Requirements Environmental remediation scope completed under RCRA in

FY 2007 Operating, maintaining, and monitoring the corrective measures

– 11 groundwater treatment systems and ~175 monitoring and extraction wells

Quarterly reporting on the status of the corrective measures Conducting five-year reviews (first review in 2012) Submitting documentation when cleanup standards have been

met Evaluating efficacy of continuing cleanup measures Evaluating requirements for land use restrictions Reporting and cleanup of newly discovered legacy releases Evaluating impacts of contamination on new construction

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LBNL - Status of S&M S&M integrated into site-wide environmental

management system Corrective measures are being applied in seven areas of

groundwater contamination Eleven groundwater treatment systems operating The corrective measures have been effective in reducing

contaminant concentrations Groundwater plumes are stable or attenuating and

plumes are not migrating offsite Groundwater contaminant concentrations reduced below

the drinking water standard in some areas

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ANL - S&M Requirements

Site-wide remediation program was conducted under Illinois EPA RCRA Corrective Action Program requirements, completed in September 2003

Operations and maintenance of groundwater extraction and phytoremediation at 300 Area

Maintenance of engineered clay covers for three landfills Periodic groundwater monitoring at 300 and 800 Areas

and reporting to IEPA Records management

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Groundwater Monitoring Wells and Solid Waste Management Units

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ANL - Status of S&M

S&M integrated into site-wide Environmental Management System

All remedial actions that were installed are operational and well-maintained

Recently IEPA approved S&M modification, thus reducing its scope and making it more cost effective

ANL will consider technically viable and cost-effective options to enhance current remediation actions at the 300 Area, thus eliminating or shortening the long-term groundwater monitoring

BNL - S&M Requirements Legacy cleanup to be completed under a BNL Interagency Agreement with the U.S EPA

and New York State by end of FY 2011

S&M of completed environmental remedies required under CERCLA

Operating, maintaining, and monitoring 16 groundwater treatment systems and ~700 monitoring wells

Monthly, quarterly and annual reporting

Monitoring and reporting on Peconic River cleanup Maintenance and monitoring of three capped landfills

Surveillance and maintenance of two decommissioned research reactors –

D&D completed in FY 2011

Implementing a land use controls management program and controlling uses of some soil remediation sites

Five-year reviews (2nd review in 2011)

Continued regulatory outreach

Reporting and cleanup of newly discovered legacy releases

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16 Groundwater Treatment Systems13 Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Systems2 Sr-90 Systems

1 Tritium Pump & Recharge System

Since 1996:• 16 billion

gallons of contaminated groundwater treated and recharged to the aquifer

• 6,400 lbs VOCs removed

• 21 mCi Sr-90 removed

• 2 systems met cleanup goals and were dismantled

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Cleanup Progress 1997 to 2009

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BNL - Status of S&M STP/ target transfer being negotiated Additional remediation scope is an issue S&M will be integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring

program Monitoring has determined that additional cleanup scope was

required for Peconic River, additional extraction wells for Strontium-90 groundwater treatment and deep VOC contaminated soil removal

To be completed by FY 2012 prior to transfer to SC 2nd Five Year Review in progress Reactor D&D is in progress and S&M plans are under development Sixteen groundwater treatment systems are operating and have been

effective in reducing contaminant concentrations

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SLAC - S&M Requirements A 2009 cleanup and abatement order from the San Francisco Bay Area

Regional Water Quality Control Board named both DOE and Stanford University as responsible parties and required the remediation process to be modeled on CERCLA guidelines

Environmental remediation for the current EM scope to be completed in FY 2011

Operation, maintenance, and monitoring of five (5) groundwater treatment systems and ~135 groundwater monitoring and extraction wells

Maintenance of site controls and surveillance of soil cleanup areas EM will have continuing responsibility (and liability) to prepare and fund

the preparation of applicable Water Board-required documents and perform any required modifications to remedies necessary to obtain regulator approval

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Investigation Area Locations-1

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Investigation Area Locations-2

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SLAC - Status of S&M

STP/ target transfer being negotiated EM's future commitment on currently inaccessible

or unidentified legacy contamination will be addressed in the STP

S&M will be integrated into site-wide environmental monitoring program

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ORNL

EM is expected to be responsible for all reservation cleanup, including S&M of environmental remediation measures, for at least twenty years. Responsibility will then transfer to SC.

Established S&M measures include Enforceable provisions in CERCLA RODs Annual monitoring and reporting to the State and

U.S. EPA Perpetual trust fund for onsite disposal facility

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EM to SC Transfer Challenges

Completion of EM cleanup scope doesn’t mean that all cleanup has been completed. Examples of remaining scope: BNL – Demolition of BGRR Building 701 and cleanup of

soil contamination at Brookhaven Avenue SLAC – Future cleanup of inaccessible or unidentified

legacy contamination areas Excess facilities at ANL, BNL, LBNL, ORNL and SLAC

Funding from laboratory overhead increases overhead burden on lab programs