34
Office of Force Transformation Transformation and Network-Centric Operations: Insights for Sense & Respond Logistics Mr. John J. Garstka Asst. Director for Concepts and Operations Office of Force Transformation Office of the Secretary of Defense (703) 696-5713 [email protected] www.oft.osd.mil Opening Remarks Sense and Respond Logistics Forum Fort Belvoir, VA 21 Sep 06 This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

Office of Force Transformation Transformation and Network-Centric Operations: Insights for Sense & Respond Logistics Mr. John J. Garstka Asst. Director

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Office of Force TransformationTransformation and Network-Centric Operations:Insights for Sense & Respond Logistics

Mr. John J. GarstkaAsst. Director for Concepts and Operations

Office of Force TransformationOffice of the Secretary of Defense

(703) [email protected]

www.oft.osd.mil

Opening RemarksSense and Respond Logistics Forum

Fort Belvoir, VA21 Sep 06

This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIEDThis Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED

Office of Force Transformation

A Broad and Sustained Competitive Advantage

Transformation …U.S DoD Perspective

Continuing process Creating/anticipating the future Co-evolution of concepts,

processes, organizations and technology

Culture of Innovation New competitive areas /

competencies ; revalued attributes Fundamental shifts in underlying

principles New sources of power Broadened capabilities base

• New technology context

• Broadened threat context

• New strategic context

Office of Force Transformation

Two “Networks”

• Technical “Network”– Infrastructure for moving information– Focuses on the “M” of dotMlpf

• Social “Network”– Built on trust and habitual interaction– Facilitates information sharing and collaboration– Is a function of the “DOT” and “LPF” of DOTmLPF

Office of Force Transformation

Relevancy of Networked Forces

Major Combat Operations

Stability Operations Homeland Defense

Integrated Operations/Military Support to Crisis

Office of Force Transformation

Perspectives on Networked Forces

Capstone Conceptfor

Joint Operations

National Military Strategy

Joint Operating Concepts

Joint Functional Concepts

Joint Integrating Concepts

National Defense Strategy

Office of Force Transformation

March 2005

Network Centric Operations:An Element of National Defense Strategy

Office of Force Transformation

Page 14

Network Centric Operations: An Element of National Defense Strategy

Office of Force Transformation

2004

Networked Force:Described in the National Military Strategy

The National Military Strategy

of the

United States of America

Office of Force Transformation

National Military Strategy: Desired Attributes of the Joint Force

• Fully Integrated– Functions and capabilities focused toward a unified purpose

• Expeditionary– Rapidly deployable, employable, and sustainable throughout the global

battlespace• Networked

– Linked and synchronized in time and purpose• Decentralized

– Integrated capabilities operating in a joint matter at lower echelons• Adaptable

– Prepared to quickly respond with the appropriate capabilities mix• Decision Superiority

– Better informed decisions implemented faster than an adversary• Lethality

– Destroy an adversary and/or is systems in all conditions

Source: National Military Strategy of the United States of America – 2004

Office of Force Transformation

August 2005

Networked Force:Described in Capstone Concept for Joint Operations

Capstone Concept for

Joint Operations

Office of Force Transformation

Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Characteristics of the Future Joint Force (1 of 2)

• Knowledge Empowered: – Emphasizes better decisions made faster through all levels of command

• Networked:– All joint force elements will be connected and synchronized in time and

purpose to facilitate integrated and interdependent operations across the global battlespace

• Interoperable:– The future joint force will able to share and exchange knowledge and services

between units and commands at all levels

• Expeditionary:– An expeditionary joint force is organized, postured capable of rapid and

simultaneous deployment, employment, and sustainment.• Adaptable/Tailorable:

– An adaptable/tailorable force is versatile in handling disparate missions with equal success; scalable in applying appropriate mass and weight of effort; agile in shifting between types of missions without loss of momentum; responsive to changing conditions and environments; and whose leaders are intellectually empowered by a background of experience and education.

Source: United States Armed Forces – Capstone Concept for Joint Operations – Aug 05

Office of Force Transformation

Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Characteristics of the Future Joint Force (2 of 2)

• Enduring/Persistent: – A combination of mental will and physical staying power that enables a joint

force to sustain staying power while breaking the adversaries.

• Precise:– The ability to act directly upon key elements and processes to enable

commanders to shape situation or battlespace in order to generate the desired effects while minimizing unintended effects and contributing to the most effective use of resources.

• Fast:– Key to effectively controlling tempo is the ability to be faster than the

adversary or situational events. The speed at which forces maneuver and engage, or decisions are made or relief is provided, will largely determine operational successes or failure.

• Agile:– An agile joint force has the ability to move quickly and seamlessly to diffuse

(or help to diffuse) a crisis situation or effectively operate inside the decision loop of even the most capable adversary.

• Lethal:– This is the ability to destroy an adversary and/or his systems in all conditions

and environment when required.

Source: United States Armed Forces – Capstone Concept for Joint Operations – Aug 05

Office of Force Transformation

How a Networked Force Operates:Network Centric Warfare

Creates an Information Advantage Information Advantage and translates it into a decisive Warfighting Warfighting Advantage Advantage

Information Advantage - Information Advantage - enabled by the robust networking of well informedwell informed geographically dispersed forces

Characterized by:

- Information sharing- Information sharing - Shared situational awareness- Shared situational awareness - Knowledge of commander’s intent- Knowledge of commander’s intent

Warfighting Advantage - Warfighting Advantage - exploits behavioral change and new doctrine to enable:

- - Self-synchronization - - Speed of command - - Increased combat power

Exploits Exploits Order of MagnitudeOrder of Magnitude Improvement in Information Sharing Improvement in Information Sharing

Office of Force Transformation

• Characteristics of New Sources of Competitive Advantage– Order of magnitude change in a key dimension of warfare– Emergence of “New Warfighting Elite” – Displacement of “Existing Elite”

• Land Warfare: Sustained Rate of Fire– Rifle (1.8 x 101 rounds per minute)– Machine Gun (6 x 102 rounds per minute)

• Land Warfare: Sustained Speed Maneuver– Cavalry + Infantry– Mechanized Armor + Infantry + Air Power + Radio

• Warfare at Sea: Range of Engagement– Battleship: 1.8 x 101 miles– Carrier Aviation: 1.8 x 102 miles

• Air Warfare: Range of Engagement– Artillery: .7 x 101 miles (Standard Artillery) to 7 x 101 miles (70 Miles - Long Range German Artillery in WWI )– Long Range Bomber: 8.5 x 102 miles (Combat Radius for B-17) to 18 x 102 miles ( Combat Radius for B-29)

Order of Magnitude Change …Historical Insights

Office of Force Transformation

Shared Situational• Understanding• Awareness• Assessment

Domains of Warfare

Situational• Understanding• Awareness• Assessment

InformationDomain

CognitiveDomain

Physical Domain

LeadershipUnit CohesionMorale

StrikeManeuverProtectSupport

SocialDomain

Mind of the Warfighter

Where Information is Created , Shared …..

Office of Force Transformation

Information-Age Warfare …Sources of Advantage

Plan, Organize, Deploy, Employ and Sustain

Cycle

Conveyed Commander’s Intent

Physical Domain Force Advantage

Position Advantage

Information Domain

Cognitive DomainCognitive Advantage

Precision Force

Compressed Operations

Shared Awareness

Speed and Access

NetworkCentric

Operations

Social DomainCultural Awareness

Information Advantage

Office of Force Transformation

• A Robustly Networked Force Improves Information Sharing• Information Sharing And Collaboration Enhances the Quality of Information and Shared Situational

Awareness• Shared Situational Awareness Enables Collaboration and Self Synchronization and Enhances Sustainability

and Speed of Command• These in Turn Dramatically Increase Mission Effectiveness

Tenets of NCW: A Hypothesis Regarding Sources of Power

Physical Domain

Cognitive + Social Domains

Information Domain

Robustly Networked

Force

Information Sharing

Collaboration

Shared Situational Awareness

Quality of Information

Mission Effectiveness

Self Synchronization

New Processes

Tenets of Network Centric Operations …The New Value Chain – High Level

Office of Force Transformation

Collaboration

“Networked” Force

Mission Effectiveness

Shared Situational Awareness

Quality of Information

Information Domain

Cognitive & Social Domains

Physical Domain

Information Sharing

Common“Picture”

DecisionMaking

SelfSynchronization

Individual Situational Awareness

The NCO Value Chain …Expanded

Office of Force Transformation

An Operational Picture

Office of Force Transformation

A Tactical Picture

II

OOO

MAIN EFFORT • Follow and Attack to seize OBJ Blaze

CAV SQDN (RSTA)• Route Recon• Recon OBJ Blaze

II

OOO

II

OOO

SUPPORTING EFFORT• Attack to clear enemy forces in disruption zone• Isolate the OBJ Blaze

Office of Force Transformation

What Matters?

• Common “Picture”– Enables increased individual situational awareness

Higher level of awareness achieved faster

– Enables increased shared situational awareness

– Can be enabled by collaboration and information sharing via chat

• Increased Situational Awareness (Individual + Shared)– Contributes to increased speed of command

– Accelerates tactical actions (fires, maneuver, support)

Collaboration

Shared Situational Awareness

Quality of Information

Information Sharing

Common“Picture”

DecisionMaking

SelfSynchronization

Individual Situational Awareness

Mission Effectiveness

“Networked” Force

Office of Force Transformation

• Focus on behavior of networked military organizations– Examine exercises, combat operations, and peace keeping operations– Explore how US forces, US led coalition forces, NATO forces, and US allies

operate with varying degrees of networking capabilities– Employ a conceptual framework and a rigorous data collection and analysis

methodology– Provide insights into how organizations transform to enable network-centric

operations

• Quantify the operational impact of networking– Quantify Mission Effectiveness of Networked Forces

Increases for high intensity conflict range from 1.5 x to 10 x

– Demonstrate the value of connecting “less than perfect networks” Benefit of 10x to 100x improvement in information position

– Identify what really matters to the warfighter Improvement of situational awareness for commanders and their forces

Network Centric Operations Case Studies

Office of Force Transformation

SARS: Singapore

Military Support to Crisis

Stability Operations

Major Combat Operations

NCO in SASO UK Low Intensity Conflict

Complete – Available OnlineComplete – Under Peer ReviewOn-GoingPlanned

Complete – Available OnlineComplete – Under Peer ReviewOn-GoingPlanned

Stryker BCT (OIF)

NATO Task Force Fox

Joint Urban Operations

Military Support to Crisis: Netherlands

Networked Forces: NCO Case Studies Provide Evidence Base for

Increased Operational Effectiveness

NRF Assessment – NRF 5:Earthquake ReliefHurricane KatrinaResponse

Coalition Maritime Ops (OIF)

TF-50 (OEF) NSWG I (OEF/OIF)

Stryker BCT (JRTC) V Corps/3 ID (OIF)

Air-to-Air (JTIDS)

Air-to-Ground(DCX-I /OEF/OIF)

Air-to-Ground w/ SOF (OIF)

NATO Response Force (NRF)Assessment – NRF 4

US/UK Coalition (OIF)NATO ACE Mobile Force Land

Office of Force Transformation

Current Case Study Partners

• UK MoD– US/UK Coalition Ops during OIF Major Combat Ops (MCO)– Low Intensity Operations

• Singapore MoD– Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

• Netherlands Armed Forces– Military Support to Crisis Operations

• Allied Command Transformation– NATO Response Force Assessment

• OSD(HD)– SARS

• HQ USAF/A8XC + SAF/XCIE– Western Iraq during OIF MCO– Network Enabled Air-to-Ground Ops

• Army War College– V Corps/3rd ID during OIF MCO

Office of Force Transformation

Transformation Process: Future Vision

Technology

Process

Organization

People

Initial Capability

Technology

Process

Organization

People

Vision ofFuture Capability

“Business Case”

Office of Force Transformation

Transformation Process:Key Elements of Capability

TechnologyCommunications/Networking

Voice + Data + Video

Computing

Storage

Software Applications

Security / Information Assurance

Organization

Organizational Structure

Organizational Relationships

Organizational Incentives

Organizational Behavior

People

Leadership

Learning: Training, Rehearsal

Learning: Education

Individual Incentives

Personnel Management

Process

Doctrine

Mission

Tactics, Techniques, Procedures

Rehearsal

Lessons Learned

Office of Force Transformation

Process Innovation

Transformation Process - What Often Happens: Technology Leads

People Innovation

Organizational Innovation

Technology InnovationTechnology

Process

Organization

People

Technology

Process

Organization

People

Initial Capability

Evolving Capability

Office of Force Transformation

Process Innovation

Transformation Process - Realizing the Benefits: Technology + Process Innovation

People Innovation

Organizational Innovation

Technology InnovationTechnology

Process

Organization

People

Technology

Process

Organization

People

Initial Capability

Evolving Capability

Office of Force Transformation

Process Innovation

Transformation Process - Realizing the Benefits:Technology + Organization + Process + People Innovation

People Innovation

Organizational Innovation

Technology InnovationTechnology

Process

Organization

People

Technology

Process

Organization

People

Initial Capability

Evolving Capability

Office of Force Transformation

Transformation Challenge:Overcoming Impediments to Innovation

InformationDomain

Cognitive &

SocialDomains

Physical Domain

Organizational Innovation

Individual BehaviorOrganizational BehaviorOrganizational Values

Organizational Incentives Organizational Structure

Organizational Processes

Increasing Level of Difficulty for Change

TechnologyInnovation

ProcessInnovation

Platform “Technologies”Information “Technologies”

“New Concepts”

Vision and Leadership are key to overcoming Impediments to Innovation

PeopleInnovation

Office of Force Transformation

Conclusions

• Networking can have a significant positive impact on the operational effectiveness and efficiency of networked organizations across the spectrum of operations.

• Transformation requires co-evolution of people, process, organization, and technology.

Office of Force Transformation

Conclusions

Office of Force Transformation

Getting the Theory Right: Understanding the Potential Impact of

Technology on Organizational Effectiveness

TechnologyProcess(Mission)

Organization

People

ProcessPerformanceInformation

Office of Force Transformation

Tenets of Network Centric Operations

TechnologyProcess(Mission)

Organization

People

RobustlyNetworked

Force

CollaborationSelf-SynchronizationSpeed of Command

Situational Awareness

ProcessPerformanceInformation

Information SharingQuality of Information Increased

MissionEffectiveness

• A robustly networked force improves information sharing• Information sharing and collaboration enhances the quality of information and

shared situational awareness• Shared situational awareness enables collaboration and self synchronization, and

enhances sustainability and speed of command• These in turn dramatically increase mission effectiveness