FINAL PRESENTATON OF FOUR

MONTHS TRAINING

SUBMITTED BY:- AASHISH (CUN120104001)

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TOPICS

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MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT

STATIC EQUIPMENTS

GENERAL TERMS

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

MATERIAL SELECTION

FAILURES IN PRESSURE VESSELS

SOFTWARE USED

PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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MECHANICAL

ROTATING

STATIC

HVAC`

Column Pressure

Vessel

Shell & Tube

Heat

exchanger

Air cooler

Filter etc.

Reactors

What is pressure vessel ?

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A pressure vessel is a container designed to hold gasses or

liquids at a pressure substantially different from the

ambient pressure at some temperature.

Pressure vessels are used in many industries (e.g refinery

plants,chemical plants, steam boilers etc.). The mechanical

design of any pressure vessels is done in accordance with

the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel

Code, Section VIII. Section VIII is divided into Division-1

& Division-2 . This course provides an overview of

pressure vessel mechanical design requirements.

Difference between DIV-1 & DIV-2

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DIVISION 1 utilizes safety of factor 4. DIVISION 2 uses safety of factor 3.

DIVISION 1 rules are formulated on

the principle stress theory.

DIVISION 2 rules are formulated on

maximum shear theory.

DIVISION 1 rules ignores all

bending's effects,fatigue etc.

DIVISION 2 rules take into account all

of bending effects,fatigue etc.

Pressure vessel are classified into two types :-

(i) Horizontal type pressure vessel

(ii) Vertical type pressure Vessel

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RECEIPT OF PDS

FROM PROCESS

MECH. DESIGN USING

PV-Elite SOFTWARE

PREPARATION OF

MECHANICAL DATA

SHEET(MDS)

IDC-

MDS-IDC(INTER

DISCIPLINARY CHECK)

PREPARATION OF

MATERIAL REQUISITION

SPECIFICATION

OFFER

EVALUATION

TBE(TECHNICAL

BID EVALUATION)

LOI

VDR(VENDOR

DOCUMENT

REVIEW)&

APPROVAL

Flowchart

PLACEMENT OF

ORDER

PERPARATION OF

PURCHASE

REQUISITION

ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN STATIC

DEPARTMENT

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The Mechanical Static group deals with designing of static equipment and

related packages for Oil & Gas, Refinery industries etc.

The following are the activities being performed in static group :

1.Preparation of Mechanical Data sheet.

2.Inquiry requisition that includes scope of work,supply,space requirement etc.

3.Evaluation of Vendor quotation that includes review of vendors offers.

4. Preparation of technical Bid Evaluation is comparison statement of all offers

from all vendors

5. Placement of letter of intent.

6.Preparation of purchase requisition

7.Attend Vendor Kick-off meeting

8.Review & approval of Vendor documents

9.Interaction with other disciplines

10.Factory and site performance acceptance testing

STATIC EQUIPMENTS

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Major static equipment's and packages are:

1) Pressure Vessels

2) Columns

3) Tanks

4) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

5) Air Cooled Heat Exchanger

6) Electric Heaters

7) Flares

8) Fired Heaters

9) Filters / Ejectors

10) Reactors

GENERAL TERMS

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1) Design Pressure: Pressure used in vessel component for the most sever

condition. It determines the minimum required thickness of each vessel

component.

2) Design Temperature: Temperature that corresponds to the design pressure.

3) MAWP: It is maximum permissible pressure at top of pressure in its

normal operating position at specific temperature,usually design

temperature. It is maximum allowable working pressure in hot & corroded

condition.

4) MDMT: It is the lowest temperature at which the component is designed to

have adequate fracture toughness.

5) MAP: It refers to maximum permissible pressure based on weakest part of

new uncorroded & cold conditions and all other loadings are not taken in

consideration.

GENERAL TERMS

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5) Weight Of Vessel: Following type of loads to be considered

- Fabricated Weight : Weight of the vessel without any external insulation,

fireproofing, operating contents, or any external structural attachments or

piping.

- Erection weight : fabrication weight + internals + ladder platforms +

insulation + fireproofing.

- Operating weight : erection weight + operating liquid.

- Shop Test weight: fabrication weight + test liquid

- Wind Load and Seismic Load: These loads will induce deflection in the

vessels.

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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As per ASME SEC VIII Div. 1, pressure vessels are containers for the

containment of pressure, either internal or external. This pressure may be

obtained from an external source, or by the application of heat from a direct

or indirect source, or any combination thereof.

1) SHELL

Primary component that contains the pressure and available in different

shapes

- Cylindrical: Most common configuration.

- Spherical: For containing large volumes under moderate pressure

- Conical: Conical shells are used to connect shells of different diameters

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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2) HEAD

Heads are closures for shells of pressure vessel. Various types of heads are:

Ellipsoidal Head: Most commonly types of heads used with thickness generally equal to that

of shell

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Hemispherical Head: Hemi-head are used when pressure is high, when thickness of

shell exceeds 70mm.

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Torispherical Head: It is flatter than the ellipsoidal head. Minimum permitted

knuckle radius= 6% of max inside Crown Radius. Maximum inside Crown radius

equals the outside diameter of head.

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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3) NOZZLES

Nozzle is a component that penetrates the Shell or Head of the Vessel. The

ends of the nozzles are usually flanged to allow easy disassembly and for

necessary connection.

Types

- Long Weld Neck: Made out of forging , these nozzles have flange integral

to nozzle neck

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Hub Type Self Reinforced: As its name indicates these

nozzle have area required for reinforcement and made in

two piece. It has hub integral to neck and made in single

piece.

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Weld Neck Nozzle: As the name indicates, it has flange

welded to the nozzle neck It can be made with both pipe and

plate with or without RF pad.

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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5) SUPPORTS

The type of vessel support generally depends on the size and orientation of

vessel. Supports must be adequate to resist wind and seismic loads.

- Saddle Support: Horizontal pressure vessel is supported by saddle.

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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Skirt Support: Tall vertical vessels are supported by skirts. It is a

cylindrical section

PRESSURE VESSEL NOMENCLATURE

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Leg Support: Small vertical vessels are supported by legs. Max ratio of leg

length to vessel diameter is 2: 1. No of legs determined by size of the vessel.

MATERIAL SELECTION

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The type of material used in construction is greatly influenced by the type of

service

for the Vessel. E.g., Low , High temperature service, Corrosive Service

Carbon Steel: Generally used from -29 deg C to 343 deg C

Low Temp Carbon Steel : Used in temperature range of -45 deg C to -60

deg C

Stainless Steel: Used in temperature range of -80 to -196 deg C

Low Alloy Steel : Used in elevated temperatures above 347 deg C

VESSEL FAILURES

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VESSEL FAILURES CAN OCCUR BECAUSE OF THE FOLLOWING

1) Material: Improper material selection, defective material

2) Design: Improper design, Incorrect design method

3) Fabrication: Poor quality control, insufficient fabrication procedures.

4) Service: Change of service condition

PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION

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1) THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SHELL UNDER INTERNAL

PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1

Where ,

t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance

P = Internal pressure including static head if any.

S = Allowable stress of material

E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography

PRESSURE VESSEL CALCULATION

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THICKNESS CALCULATION FOR SPHERE / HEMI-HEAD UNDER

INTERNAL PRESSURE (UG-27) of ASME SECTION VII DIV-1

Where ,

t = Thickness under internal pressure excluding corrosion allowance

P = Internal pressure including static head if any.

R, D = Internal Radius and Diameter respectively

S = Allowable stress of material

E = Joint Efficiency, 0.85 for Spot / 1.0 for Full Radiography

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Formulas are valid for :

1) Pressure < 3000 psi

2) Cylindrical shell with t<0.5R and P<0.385SE

3) Spherical shell and hemi-head with t<0.365R and P<0.665SE

ASME SECTION VIII DIV.1 - (PVElite-2013 Design)

Horizontal vessel 3D

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Horizontal vessel 2D

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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ASME SEC VIII Div. I Edition 20130

Http://stc-smc.com/caffeine/uploads/files/2012-0601%2015.31.00.jpg

Http://blog.iqsdirectory.com/wpcontent/uploads/files/pressure%20vessels%206.jpg

Http://www.wermac.org/misc/misc_pictures/pressurevesselfailure4.jp g

Pressure Vessel handbook by Eugene F. Megyesy

Pressure Vessel Design Manual by Dennis Moss

http://www.mc-integ.co.uk/media/ecom/prodlg/25-1-4.jpg

www.ecrecon.com/pictures/23/316/VES-316.jpg

www.pipingtech.com/gallery/main.php?cmd=image&var1=pressure-vessel%2Fpic+

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/chapter1-140514203906-phpapp01/95/chapter-1-dpv-a-lal-revised-35-638.jpg?cb=1400100179