OffenderBehavior Programsin English Prison

GAVIN （ YE, GANG） | February 2012

1

2

Acknowledgements

Kathy WilliamsMel Lloyd-Smith Lisa AnthonyCLL staff

3

1. Research Background

2. Quick Fact of OBPs

3. Features of OBPs

4. Enlightenment

4

1. Research Background

1.1 Prison Reform

Does Prison work? and What works?

5

(socialist review ,1926)

Reformers should be not to

reform the prison system,

but to abolish it…

Thirty years ago the prison

population was 30,000.

Today it is 10,000.Fenner Brockway

British politician

6

7

8

9

10

“What works?—questions and answers

about prison reform”(Martinson, 1974)

analyzed 231 studies of programs from

1945 to 1967

Conclusion: Noting Works (David B. Taylor, 2005)

11

From Noting Works

to What Works

12

1. Research Background

1.2 Offender Behavior Programs (OBPs)

OBPs is a series of activities aimed at working with offenders to reduce reoffending, by changing the way offenders think. (MOJ)

13

1. Research Background

1.3 English Prison System

14

England& Wales

NorthernIreland

Scotland

15

MOJ

NOMS

HMPS NPS ……

16

123 prisons

Prison population: 85,083(30/01/15)

17

2. OBPs in English Prison

HMPS have been running accredited OBPs since the early 1990s, and has achieved a great deal.

18

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.1 Categories

43 accredited programs: Domestic Violence General Offending Sex Offending Substance Misuse Violence

19

Cate. 1: Domestic Violence (2)

aim to reduce violent behavior in intimate relationships.

Building Better Relationships(BBR) Healthy Relationship Programme(HRP)

20

Cate. 2: General Offending (11)

consist of a range of interventions based on life skills acquisition and CBT. They are designed to address the link between thinking, attitudes, beliefs and offending.

Belief in ChangeCognitive Skills Booster(CSB)Democratic Therapeutic Community(DTC)

Enhanced Thinking Skills(ETS)

21

Cate. 3: Sex Offending (8)

Aim to reduce offending by adult male sex offenders. Core Programme(CP)Extended Programme(EP)Healthy Sexual Functioning(HSF)Rolling Programme(RP)

22

Cate. 4: Substance Misuse (16)

are designed to address the link between substance use and offending.

Prisons Addressing Substance Related Offending(P-ASRO)

P-ASRO for WomenShort Duration Programme(SDP)Building Skills for Recovery(BSR)FOCUS

23

Cate. 5: Violence (6)

The programs also target associated and contributory risk factors including weapons and peer/gang related behaviors as well as work on identity.

Aggression Replacement Training(ART)

Controlling Anger and Learning to Manage it(CALM)

24

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.2 Amount and Structure

From 2009/10, MOJ issued its accredited programs annually.

25

Accredited program starts and completionsdelivered in prison

between 2009/10 and 2013/14

26

DV GO SO SM V

DV GO SO SM V

Accredited program starts and completionsdelivered in prison by cate.

between 2009/10 and 2013/14

27

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonAs a therapeutic community(TC),Prison Grendon got more exciting achievements in the field of offender treatment.

28

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonGrendon prison was opened in 1962 as an “experimental prison,” originally structured more like a psychiatric hospital, in the eighties, control was passed to a Governor.

29

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonCurrently Grendon can house up to 238 residents, with six wings.

30

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonInmates are received from prisons only, and after be assessed, will be allocated to one of the wings, where they might stay for up to eighteen months or more.

31

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonGenders and Player characterise the therapy as "social analysis", which combines a mixture of frank behavioral and conditioning elements of therapy with social skills and modelling, cognitive and more psychodynamic elements.

32

2. OBPs in English Prison

2.3 A Special Example: GrendonThere are many follow-up studies about it. The results mostly can be concluded that, those who stayed longer in therapy at Grendon tended to do better.

33

3. Features of OBPs

All of those programs shaped gradually, and showed four characters.

34

3. Features of OBPs

3.1 Based on sound theories

Cognitive Behavior Theory (CBT)Social Learning TheoryLife Skills AcquisitionNeuro-CognitionDesistance

35

3. Features of OBPs

3.2 Focus on high risk offendersThe average annual overall cost of

a prison place in England and Wales for 2012-13 was £36,808. This has fallen since 2008-09 from £45,000

36

3. Features of OBPs

3.2 Focus on high risk offendersAccording to principles of RNR,

English prisons use the OASys to assess offenders and identify who are in high risk, then give priority services to them.

37

3. Features of OBPs

3.3 Resource Integration

United management. NOMS can coordinate the development and delivery of all programs across prisons and communities.

38

3. Features of OBPs

3.3 Resource IntegrationIntroduction of social resources. NHS, Universities and institutions, some charities are widely involved in OBPs.

39

Rehabilitation of Addicted Prisoners Trust(RAPt)

Based on London

provides its 12-step programs in 14 prisons

40

3. Features of OBPs

3.3 Resource IntegrationPromote connection of programs. Correction is sometimes a relay movement. If a high-risk offender participated in some programs in prison, he will get aftercare and support from the communities after released.

41

3. Features of OBPs

3.4 Accredited and evaluatedAccredited is implemented by CSAP.Accredited results are divided into four grades:Accredited ， Recognised,Promising and No Further Review.

42

4. Enlightenment to Shanghai

English prison has accumulated rich experience in OBPs, however, are facing some difficult, such as, reduction of budgets, and poor record of reoffending–46% of adults are reconvicted within one year of release.

43

4. Enlightenment to Shanghai

4.1 Developing assessment toolTo rehabilitate prisoners, you must

acquire their risk and needs, and so on, you must rely on an accurate assessment tool.

44

4. Enlightenment to Shanghai

4.2 Exploring program managementIn order to make the programs run

in a long-term steady way, development, implementation, coordination, monitoring and evaluation, each link of programs is important.

45

4. Enlightenment to Shanghai

4.3 Starting from CBT programsAccording to the literature, those

programs based on CBT have obvious and wide effect. Therefore, we can step by step, from easy to difficult, developing some CBT programs firstly.

46

4. Enlightenment to Shanghai

4.4 Integrating various resourcesIt is important to integrate all

kinds of resources to promote treatment programs effectively. We could determine some experimental units and assign some experienced staff, and to do more exploration.

47

THANK YOU FOR APPRECIATION