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Off the WallOff the WallPerformance and Installation Art
Human Cost, Liberate Tate Duveen Gallery, Tate BritainThe performance took place on the first anniversary of the start of the BP Gulf of Mexico disaster. It lasted for 87 minutes, one for every day of the spill. Watch documentation of Human Cost, Tate Britain Performance on Vimeo.
ClassicalIdeals based on Humanism
MedievalSuperstition
RenaissanceReturn to Humanism
Age of Enlightenmentand the belief that we can
understand the world through reason
RomanticismWorld cannot be known solely through reason
RealismReality dominates over Ideals
ModernismLoss of faith in tradition
New forms neededOriginal and individual
Post-ModernismApparent realities only social
constructsNo absolute truth
Perception of world subjective
What the heck is modernism?
Pre – Modern eraSociety
Agrarian – wealth and labor derived from agriculture and trading. Population centered in rural areas.
What the heck is modernism?Modern era
SocietyIndustrial – wealth and labor derived from manufacturing. Population centered in cities.
What the heck is post-modernism?
Post - Modern eraSociety
Information – Information and service industries overtake manufacturing. Global citizens.
What the heck is modernism?Pre-Modern Era
Politics
Monarchies and Empires – People ruled by royal families and empires extend beyond ethnic borders.
What the heck is modernism?Modern era
Politics
Revolution – people displace royals with democratic or socialist forms of governments.
What the heck is post-modernism?
Post - Modern eraPolitics
Globalization – nation-states lose sovereignty due to trading and internet. Free flow of information and goods.
What the heck is modernism?Pre-Modern Era
ScienceNewton’s Laws – Physical laws are fixed and immutable
What the heck is modernism?Modern era
Science
Einstein’s Relativity – Not all objects in universe follow Newton’s laws.
What the heck is post-modernism?Post - Modern era
ScienceCybernetics– Non-linear systems and interconnectivity of life. Artificial Intelligence
Cybernetics is the science of communication and control theory that is concerned especially with the comparative study of automatic control systems (as the nervous system and brain and mechanical-electrical communication systems)
What the heck is modernism?Pre-Modern Era
PsychologyAssociative - Sensory Input + Repetition = Ideas
What the heck is modernism?Modern era
PsychologyExamination of the make-up of personality – Conscious + Unconscious = Self
What the heck is post-modernism?
Post - Modern eraPsychology
Relativism –
no absolute truths - truth is always relative to some particular frame of reference, such as a language or a culture
What the heck is modernism?
Pre-Modern EraArt
Representational Approach – art’s value rests in how closely it mirrors nature
What the heck is modernism?Modern era
Art
Expressive Approach – art’s value rests in how it allows for individual expression and originality
What the heck is post-modernism?
Post - Modern eraArt
Process Approach – no originality in end product – process is the important element
Major Thinkers who epitomized the Pre-Modern Ideal
In 1687 Sir Issac Newton developed the theory of gravitation and the three laws of motion which dominated scientific theory for the next three centuries. His ideas help lead to the conclusion that the world could be know n through reason and that the universe operated by a set of natural laws which could be known and were consistent.
Renais Descartes, famous for the quote “I think therefore I am” believed that all knowledge comes through experience. His ideas bolstered the Scientific Revolution by asserting that reason and experience should be the basis for conclusions.
Leonardo Da Vinci was a artist, scientist, scholar, inventor and poet. He epitomized what became known as the Renaissance Man – someone who was expert in many fields.
Major Thinkers who epitomized the Modernist Ideal
In physics, Albert Einstein puts forth the idea that electromagnetic waves do not conform to the laws of motion put forth by Isaac Newton. This is part of his Theory of Relativity.
In psychology Sigmund Freud postulates a theory that personality is made up of subjective, interacting layers. Psychoanalysis is the technique Freud developed to treat patients by bringing thoughts buried in the subconscious back into conscious awareness.
Pablo Picasso develops a form of abstract painting that tries to paint all aspects of something simultaneously. This style of painting comes to be known as Cubism because of its shattered, geometric look. Picasso, and others, were trying to represent things as they are not how they look.
Major Thinkers who epitomized the Post-Modernist Ideal
Norbert Wiener develops the concept of Cybernetics. It is the study of communication and control, typically involving regulatory feedback in living organisms, machines and organizations, as well as their combinations. This idea will affect all the sciences, especially mathematics, biology and ecology.
In literary criticism, Jacques Derrida develops a method known as Deconstruction which states that no writing can be independent of the cultural bias implicit in language. What’s not written is just as important as what is.
Marcel Duchamp, along with the other Dada artists started the notion that art was bankrupt and hence dead. He took art from the sensory (visual) to the conceptual (idea). Subsequent artists, in trying to revive art, focused on the process rather than the final product as the important element in art.
So what does this mean for art?
Modern Art Post Modern Art
Formal - art for art’s sake Art must relate to social conditions
Images are unique productions of individual artists
Art is a reworking, recycling and transforming of ideas from many sources
Art is apolitical and reflects a “universal truth”
Art is contextual and reflects the cultural norms of the maker
High art shows that culture in progressing forward
Acceptance of cultural conflict – Good/bad dichotomy reflect bias from the group in control
The meaning of the art is absolute Many meanings possible
Formal - art for art’s sakeArt must relate to social conditions
Modern
Post- Modern
Images are unique productions of individual artists
Art is a reworking, recycling and transforming of ideas from many sources
Modern
Post- Modern
Art is apolitical and reflects a “universal truth”
Art is contextual and reflects the cultural norms of the maker
Modern
Post- Modern
High art shows that culture in progressing forward
Acceptance of cultural conflict – Good/bad dichotomy reflect bias from the group in control
Modern
Post- Modern
The meaning of the art is absolute
Many meanings possible
Modern
Post- Modern
Michelangelo, David, 1504
Robert Delauney, title unknown, 1915
Marcel Duchamp, Fountain, 1917
Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp as Rrose Selavy, 1921
Kurt Scwhitters, Merzbau, 1925
Yves Klein, Anthropometric, 1960(?)
Yves Klein, A Leap Into the Void, 1960
Allan Kaprow, A Happening, 1962
Allan Kaprow, The Courtyard, New York City, 1962
Allan Kaprow, Yard, 1961
Claus Oldenburg, The Store, 1959
Claus Oldenburg, The Store, 1959
Joseph Beuys, How To Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare, 1965
Joseph Beuys, Infiltration homogen für Konzertflügel (Homogeneous Infiltration for Piano), 1966
Joseph Beuys, The Pack, 1969
Ed Kienholtz, The Birthday, 1964
Ed Keinholz, Back Seat Dodge ’38, 1964
Chris Burden, 110, 1971
Chris Burden, Shoot, 1972
Chris Burden, Transfixed, 1974
Chris Burden, All the Submarines of the United States, 1987
Marina Abramovic, Rhythm 10, 1973
Marina Abramovic, Rest Energy, 1980
Marina Abramovic, Relation in Time, 1997 17 hrs
Marina Abramovic, The Artist is Present, 2011
Yoko Ono, Ceiling Painting (Yes Painting),
Yoko Ono, Cut Piece, 1964
Yoko Ono, Take a Piece of the Sky
Yoko Ono, Wish Tree, 2009
Eva Hesse, Repitition Nineteen, 1968
Eva Hesse, Untitled (Rope Piece), 1970
Barbara Kruger, Exhibition, 1991
Barbara Kruger, Pleasure, Desire, Disgust, 1997
Paul McCarthy, Painter, 1995
Paul McCarthy, Pirate Party, 2005
Christian Boltansky, Das ungeordnete Leben von Maxim Vallentin, 2005.
Christian Boltansky
Christian Boltansky
Marcel Broodthaers, Papa, 1961
Marcel Broodthaers, White Cabinet, 1965
Marcel Broodthaers, La Salle blanche, 1975
Yolanda Lopez, title unknown, 1985
Christo, Running Fence, 1972-76
Christo, Wrapped Reichstag, Munich, 1995
Christo, Wrapped Trees, 1997-98
Christo, Gates, Central Park, 2006
< Sol LeWitt, Wall Drawing #146, September 1972.
Sol LeWitt, Wall Drawing No. 681 C, 1993
Sol Lewitt, Wall Drawing # 1042 (Isometric Form), 2002
Sol Lewitt, Wall Drawing #1183, 2005
Tony Cragg, Aeroplane, 1995
Brett Peterson, 2005
Deborah Warner, Spellbound, 2004
Gabriela Tzebinski, Matutu Project
Ian Baxter, Animal Preserve
Ilya Kabakov, The Man Who Flew Into Space From His Apartment, 1968-1996
Ilya Kabakov, The Man Who Flew Into Space From His Apartment, 1968-1996
Ilya Kabakov
Burton McKenzie
Jason Roderick, Remind Me, 2005
Jurgen Staake, Missing Pictures…Left Behind,
Adina Bar-On, Disposition Chinese , 2001
Leung Mee-ping , Memorize the Future, 1998 - 2006
