of Plantation... · PHEFACE The plAntation inventory work in Darjeelin{" and Kalimpong Division of" \olflSt Bengal was carried Ollt durinr the pertod 1!)81-82-A3 nneler tho pU]lc>rvision

$Page 1: of Plantation... · PHEFACE The plAntation inventory work in Darjeelin{" and Kalimpong Division of" \olflSt Bengal was carried Ollt durinr the pertod 1!)81-82-A3 nneler tho pU]lc>rvision$
RESU.LTS OF I?J_ANT,A:-fION INVENTORY IN DARJEELII)lG AND KALIMJ?ONG DIVISIONS

OF WEST BENGAL

FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA EASTERN ZON:E

1 9 8 7 '·

--~

HJtSULTS OF' PI..AN'l'ATION INVltNTORY :IN

nAU.,.,tJtLINf; ANll KAI. -IHPONn nrV1S]ON8

OF

WfI;ST nr:NC-.AL

FOnEST s UnVEY OF :INDIA

EASTElm ZON E

198-1-

PHEFACE

The plAntation inventory work in Darjeelin{" and

Kalimpong Division of" \olflSt Bengal was carried Ollt durinr the

pertod 1!)81-82-A3 nneler tho pU]lc>rvision of S/Shri J.N.

13hot;t.aohnrjeo I{, n.1'!.Uev , Assi~tant nirector5~ The methocto-

logy nnrl 5 tatis ticnl desi,..n ro~lowo(l had been rivan by the

Stntlsticnl Unit of" the FSI at the HeDdCJunrtcrs(Dohrndun L. The inventory F.lurvey WflS oon1'inod to the plantation AroA:,:> of'

the two l'orest <:11visi.on5 f"o11in~ Imder the We~t ncnt~nl For.'flt:

Do velopmcn t, CorporA t. i on llnd aimed at esti mb ti np.: the to tal

prml:inrr stocl<: of' the plElntntions. Tho data collected in the

r'ie Id '''erc procesned 0 lec tronic a 11y at the Hegiona 1 Compll tc r

Centre, Calcutta by t.he StatisticDl Scctl.on or the EoStP.l"J1

Zone. :;tha: inventory report line been written by Shri P .. Scn{'upt.'l, . ~

Deputy Director under the guidance oC ShTi S.C"Dey, Joint

Dircc tor ,"ho also !:crutin:i !'led the report and edi ted the

same'.,

The resul ts ot' tho plAntation inven tory indi.cat.e tl;1at

some planti'\tions have deteriorot:ed and roquir~ :irnrrye<J in te

pro tee ti.on. VIa:l1e the conversion of' the hi[':h f'orest into

plan tn ti.ons in Dol' joeling -Divis ion has inere asod rhe vo 1. limn

of' the sta~d to the extent of' 1i times besides introducing a

number of' more valuab le STICe i .es.

Division are nQt yet conelusivoo

TIle results f'or K81impon~

The averaGe volume of" stond

per hectare in Dorjeoling Division has worked out to 97.65 m3 ,. 3

while that ror Kalimpong D1.vision to 90.12 m. The averaec

volume per hectare of' plantations raised prior to 1925 in

Dar.1eeling and Kalimpong Divisions is 198 m3 Iha. and 103 m'J /ha.

respectively_

'rhe resul. ts 'prosented in th:is report' rer;nr<1 :ing the

volume of eroW'in~ ~tock in the survey areBS in '1ue~tion inciic n te

wide variance f'rom those of' the rorest resources survey of

plnntotions carried out in tho some area~ by the State

Fo]'e:q t Doportl"lon t d IIring 1973 nnd 1975. Dur:ing the c Ollrse of"

the pre !'len t plnn tat ion inve r', tory in the Dar jeel int: nnd

Knlimpont: Divisions, it has been noticed that in the D n rjec1.ill, ... ·

Di vi.!"! ion t ttle erowtng !' tock is on ly 930 0 1/~ 5 (1000 m3 ) whi.ch itJ

much lower -than the e:'ltimnte at: 1)70.1,~77(1000 mJ ) a~ a]~ rived a t by the :; tfl.tc For('~ t DeportTPen. t in 19730

6 Q. a con tel •• o .

It is hopec1 thot the roeu~te prel!lentect

wi~~ help the State Foreet Department to havn

in thie'

n r:ompl0 te

picture o~ the plantet~ons in the area according to age

groups boeid.eo tllo l'IuccorUJ on<'l f'nilllre of" tl1e fodi.vidual

epec ie!l_ Thi.8 will al!!o ai.ve .them (1 picture of' the dlll':1uee

eu~rerod by the various p1antations. showing the vul.nerable

ago groupe and species. The observations made in the report

wi11 help them to take slli.tab~e corrective measures in the

vnrious areas and plan their 1"uture plantation pro c r :tnllTl0s

in 0 more f'rui tf'l11 mO.nner ..

The f'iold stn~f of Eoetern Zone hOe worked hord to

complcto the i.nventory within a short period in 0 hilly and

d i ff'icul t terrain.. In comp1e tins this work. the !"!I taf'f' of'

S tntis tical Soc ti.on Os we 11 a!'\ the S tenoeraphere a l~o con"tri

butec'l ftubtJtantially. They all deserve to be complimented 1"0),

th;le worle .. I tho.nk the Chi.ef ConI'Jervotor Of" Forosts. Wo:-t

Banp,al. Hl1nBp'inr, Director. liol't Benr,-al Forest Developanout

Corpo_" tio.n I~im:l. ted. the Divisiona 1 Forest Of'f'icers .. i .

concorned and oleo the Civil a.uthoritiel'J 1.n tho DBrjeelJng

llnci KBlimpong Sub-D!vieione who extendod 81.1 cooperation to

FSr ,in carrying out the plantotion invontory work emoothly

and euccoes~u11y.

Sd/-(1'7 .K.AGRAWALA )

DIRECTOR

CONTENTS

ClIAPTEn-r - nACKCROUNO :r.NFOEJIATTON'

Introdu.ction

Location

PhyaJ.cn.l ee ttine

Cl.imato· I

High Foroste

I'l.nntations

Forest j\ .. dr.li ni n traf;ion

Veo1gn,

Sal.action o~ Vl.antntions

Layout of piots

l)lot sizo 0.1 hoo

P10t o~zo 0.05 ha.

Plot oizo 0.02, hn.

Aroo. etatontont by .trotum

- ~ s{opo study :in pl.o.ntntione

Soi.l dopth and humul!I in p1nntntione

ACJpoc ·t

D.A:rh ANALYSTS I

gonoro.1

Hanua1 p~~ocos"1.ng

Proces8ing in Unit Rocord Hach~no

E1ectron:ic Data Proce 8sine General volume equations

Loc a1 vo1uIJle equntions I

Vo1um6 co1cul.atJ.on by vol.uroo tObIas

Cu1.1 vol.ume study ~

Dark vo1ume

Processing o~ th1.nning rJlark..ing data

Data ena1ysis

Error

Cl~PTEn-IV - PLANTATION cnoP ANALYSISa

Crop composition in Darjee1ing Division by. stratum.

Contribution o£ important spocies

Coni£ore and non-conifors

Dis tribution by di (luleter el.ps".s

Crop hoigbt and diemeter

~

1 .1

1 .. 2

1 "J 1 .11

1 .5 , .6

1.7

,.) .).4 :3.5 ).6

'.7 J.8 ).9 ).10

J .. 1 '1

:3.1 2

PDa2

1

2

2

.2

J , .. 5

7

7

7 n 8

o 8

9

9 11

12

12

12

1J

1)

14 11.

1 " 14

15

17

19 20

21

27

No.

I Crop d~Btr~bution by stratum and diameter Cla~I'!!OB

Crop diBporB~on

CHAI"rEU-V - f'LAN'l'A'l'ION ("mop ANALYSrD.

Crop compos!. tion in Kl!tliprpong Div! sion

Contribut:l.orl or major 8peo~efl

Conit'ere tU'ld non-oonit'erB

DistrJ.but:l.on by <1~amoter 01nB808

Crov din tr:lL-;:l 'lion by 8 tratum and dillme tor classes ..

Spacing ot' stand in plantations

Crop height and d~ameter

CHAPTF.lt-VI - VOLlJ}.:!E STUDY I

Volumetric composition of' crop(bef'ore thinning) et<:)nl timber and. emiUlwoodDarjeelina Divisions

Volume (Stratum-r)

Volumo(Stratum-II)

Vo1ume (Stratum-III)

.~Vo~ume(Stratum-IV)

Volume (Strntum-v)

Contributi.on of" vol.ume by Cryptomerfa japonica in qif't'erent strata

CHAPTER-VII - VOLUME STUDY,

Vol.:umetric oomposition of: crop(bet'ore thinning) Stem Timber and smallwooa _ Kalimpong t>i vision.

Volume (Stretum-I)

Volumo(Strat~m-Ir)

VOlulno(Stratum-III)

Volume (Strai-um-I'/)

Vol.ume (Strn tUIII-V ) #1:.

Yollume con t:.ribution by v o-rioue I!'l tz' 6.tum.

Para Pnfe

4.6 ,31

'1" 7 .)2

.5 ,,1 35

.5 .. 2 38

5 .. J 38 5 .. 4 l~O

5.' I,)

5.6 44 5.7 45

6.1 49

6 <> 1 .1 49

6 0 1 02 50 6.1 .. J 51 6.1 .. I, 52 6.1 .. 5 .53 6,.2 54

7.1 56

7.1 .1 56 7.1 .. :! ~7

7 .. 1,..) 58 7.1 ,,11 59

7 .. 1 .. 5 60 7~2 61

CHAP'rER-VIII - STUDY OF TTITl'iNING Ml·10V-f.L,

Thi.nnine by atra tum-Darjee1ing Divi~i.on 8.1 62

Stem remov,,:l. by thinning 802 62

Volume to be removed by stratum on account of thinning.

Volume eontribution of" stem timber by species.

Vo1uulo retai.ned af"ter thi.nn.ing by stratum ..

6)

8.4 64

No.

( .

(.iii)

CHAPTER-IX - STUDY or·' THn:!"!IN'C 1m: eN: Ls

ThinninG by strntum -'KDl.impong Division. '

Stem removal by thinning

Volume to be removod by stratum on account of' thinning ..

Volume contribution of' eteln timber by spocieso

Vo1ume retained after thinnine by stratum.

CTU'.PTEU-X - DEFI;CTIV£ STEHS:

DOlTloc,e to crop

N~turo o~ dofocts

Di~ tribut~on of' dof'ective etoms by stratum • .

Strm defoC"ta in atrotum

Sounri 8 tenlB raarl:ed dtlrl.np, thinnin/'"

9 .. 1

9.2

9.3

9.J .. l

9.4

1 0.1

10.2

1 O ... !5

CuAPT';:r:-XI - Vf,HTNI'ION ~'!::rT~1 PAST c;,T'JDIES:

Foreat Re~ource9 Survey

Compnrf'ti va volulue study duringre~ourcos sW'vey c::arri.ed out by the State & Forest Survey Of Indi.A.

<f3 J (fi J_ 10 a.R A-(F>H,>,

11 .. 1

11 .:2

65

6~

66

66

67

'rab1e iNo 0

1 .1.2

101 <>:3

'01,,1 ..

1.1 0 5

1.201

1 .. .2.2

1 .. 203

1.2 04

1.2 • .5., . :.So-

2 .. 1 .. 1

2 .. 1.2

2." .. 4 .

2.2 .. 2

J .1' .. 2 .

LIST OF 'l'ABLES

Particu1.nrs

SterpS/b~o by speci.es and din. c1asseB(~n cm.)ut the ti.me o~ inven toryo

'-do-

I I i-do-

:-<10-

[-do-

I i

;-do-

;-do-

:-<10-

:-<10-

.-do-

StolTls/ha. by speeies'& dia. p lasses (in em .. ) marl~od for thi.nnil}c! after :l.:nv~ntory) ,

, :-<10-

-do-

'-do~

1-<10-j.

1=-cio_

I , l-do-

I-do-

I I-dO-I

I To.ta1 storns (, 000 uni. t )by spa.cieo & di.a. ·ol.(\tJBes(in em.) at t no·

I

t:l.me of' inventory. I :i -doI

l-do-I

l-I

Divisi.on l~ P~(ljO Strattim

Darjeeling 82 (X)

Darjeo1ing (II)

Ell~

Darjee1ing 8 6 (III)

Darjee1ing (IV)

8~

Darjee1ing 89 (v)

Ka1:l.mpong 90 (r)

Ka1:l.mpong (II)

92

Ka1impong 9 1,

tIII~ Ka1impone

(rv) 96

1-::a.1impong . ('I.)

9~

Darjeelin~ 100 (I)

Darjee1:J..ne 101 " (II) ..

Darjeeling 102 (III)

Darjee1ing (Ifl)

193

D~rjeelina 1:04 ~. (v) ......

Kn1::impong (I)

105

l{,nl.impong 106 (IT)

Kali.mponc 107 (Il.I)

1\:0.1:1 mpone; 108 (IV)

l{O~J.m~ope. 10? ( TJ'

Darjeeling (:r )

110

Derjee 1ing 112 (II) .

Ilarjee1ing 114 (III)

(v)

Tnb1e Noo P~rt~cu1drs D 1 v.1 s ion R,_ V<f' fe

3oZ.lf

4 .. 1. J

II .. 1 .It ~

I, ,, 1 .,

'1 .:.: .. 'I

, ~ .2 .. 5

Tot61 stems(!n tOaD unit) by species £ din. clsBeae(in cm . ) At tbn t:t.me of' i.nve·n tory.

i -do-

- do-

-do-

-c. 0-

~o-

-do-

s t ra tuw .;t

Darjo o1ing 1 '16

(TV) ' ::;{

D<lr j c ("~ .ling (v)

Ka1:l.mpone (I)

Kn l.1mpone (TI)

l1'.lllllllj:Jo P G (ITI)

I{alimpong (IV )

Ifol.impon(,?: ('v)

t 111

l

t2~ ~

~l.;.! ~ , ~- . ;,12~

'1 .,

• 1 2 7

Starn 1:1.1111>"'1'/11& by Bpoc.1on nn<l diu. l)~.rjooll_n tl' l;~ ~ claasas(in Clli.) at the t.1me of' (I) , ~. i.nven lory.. ..

-do-

-do

I .... do-

, -(10-

-do-

.... <10-

( ' :;, Smnl.l wood vol.. III )/ha. by epec1c9 and din. c1ao8os(:in em .. ) at t ·hc t~mo 01' invan tory ..

-do-

-d.o-

-do-

-do-

Der ~i90 ] ine Fn (II)

DCi r.1.e () 1:l.ng 1):3 (III) .:

1) Cu· .• 1 co 1 in (" p. ~). ' (l:V) ;"";.

V""·.Itih l.J.IIC ('/)

Ito. 1il1'11)0 n". (J. )

.{ t. lJ. l l!l~O n c

( l l)

l~u l1Ulpune (TIT)

l{i;l.1:impong ( TV)

len 1impon ~ (v)

'I :)(;

·1 b ~.J' I .... 'l,.q I I

f)or j e ", l il l C_ ! 1 • . :-

(I)

.oaJ.~jee 1:inc 1 117 (XI)

D a.r j c e ~i.ne 1119 (III)

Dar j c- e 1ine 1 5 1 (I7)

Dnr j ae l .i.ng 153 (y)

I' (vi.)

i Tnhl.o No. PartJcul.nJa

I 5.2.1 Smal.l \ITood vOlume(m3 ) by species

and d:ia. classes (in em,,) at the • I

time of" i1}ventoryo

, • .2 .. 2 -uo-

!5 .. :.!.~ 6 .. 1 .. 1

6.1,,2

1-<10_

-do-

-do-

St~tln timber vo:L. (ml )/bt\" by species and dia. classee(in em.) m£lrked f"or thinn!ne af"ter inventory ..

-cH:l ..

-do

~o-

-do-

-do-

-do-,

-do-

~do-

-do-

DiviSion &. rage sLratum

l:nl.impong 1.'i5

(I)

ICr. l,ir.:r.ponr:. 1 .. 6 (:n)

I-:n1ilhpone (III)

l'i:D:U.nipone (IV)

160

IWlimpone 162

Dt:trJoeli.ne 161, (I)

nco:t"jeeling 165 (xx)

Darjeel.ing 167 (III)

Dnrjooling 168 (rv)

Darjoel.:lng. 169 (v)

Klll.inlpo n(!: (1: )

E<"l.impong (II)

Kal:f.rnpong (III)

1:13 1:Ltnpone (xv)

I\:.fl._timpon/! (v)

'170

171

172

173

17:>

SmO.11 ,"ood VOl..{m3 )/hn. by Darje eline 17~ epociOR a)(1 cUn.. olooeoo(in em.) (1:)

7.1 .. :;I

7. 1 .. 4

7.:!.2

mo.rl!od 1'01" thinning u£ tor inventory ..

-do-

-do-

-<!o. '

I

-do-

-do

~o-I

Darjccl.ing 175 (:rr )

nar jool.:ine (ITI)

DarJeel:ing (IV)

Do.r j OCt 1inff, (v)

!iu l:impon(! (J:)

Ko.1impong (II)

lCtl limponr.; (III)

1: (' 1 J.mponc (IV)

1 ~,.., , ,

178

1 '"7C) I ~

1~O

181

1R2

1 8 3

(vi.i. )

Tahl~ No. I'orti.culnrs

8.1 ,,1

8 .1 .. 1,

Smal_l ,"'ood" vol. o (m,) )/11a" by 5po~ies ~nd din. classos(in crr.) mar~od ~or th~nn~ng after invento:ry ..

Tota~ stem vol.C I OOO mJ ) by species unn d1.a .. classes (in em.) at the time of inven to r:r 0

-:10-

-do-

-<10-

-do-

-<:10-

-<10-

-do-

-do-

-<10-

r j '"i ~1cn {. pr:; P'(.;

~tr;-!tll[J'l

['p.rj ' o~inc 181, (v)

~

D~)'jeel.i.n~·

{I) 1 P'5

Darieeling II}

187

Darjeel.in6 (III)

"1 ~9

DarJe eling 191 ( r.r)

:::>arjceling 191 ( V')

~':e1i1'Tlpong 192 (I)

,!~{-I1im)onG 19!~ (II

Y.:nlimpong (III)

196

Knl:lmpong (IV)

19[1

Kal.iIl'lpon g 200 (v)

Totnl. small ":ood vol..(l.n '000 m3 ) Darjec1i.ng 201 by t'peci&s Ulld (110.. clusses(in em,,) (l.) at the ·time 01: inventoJ:'y_

-<10- Darjccl.ing .(II)

20J

-do- Onrjeel.inc; (T":r)

2 0 5

:-do- Oar j co l.i.n{,:, 207 (r,,)

-do- DEtrJoe,J.ine 209 (v)

-<10- Ka. Limpo~c 210 (X)

-do- Xal.impong (II)

212

-do- I:al.impong (III)

~1/.

. :-do- 1(n1impong 216 (lV)

-<10- Ka1 i.mponc 218 ('I)

~.-;;-

10. I .. 1

1 (l. '1

"1 (' _ 01"') ,..." .~l _ ... 1 __ "t:-

1 I .. '1 .. 'l

• I

I I • I .. )

, ~ I "

(viii.)

L:ifllh~ r vo 10 ( in r'.nd c'j,a. C1.l:'~1S(~S

·[cc."J, , r·y s;)ucl.es (In (,111.)

-(Jo-

-.j'l-

·-.'.10-

-(3 0 _

-dc,-

-d{.J-

-do-

~rlo-

l'ot.r.ll. tllllull \; O(ld \/,0),.('(\(10 illY' I) y I"ijJQ(' ,I ~'" flild II 1t, .. (' lOl1rH) " (,1 n (~ ,",.) lilt· "1 ~d f'U ,l tldpl,dut-: nrl"j ' 'I H VP It \'0 ,1' 'I.

- d o-

- d o-

-<:lo-

l " ,i " ·i u n (r,

~ t.I t ... U:;.l

·C P.z J C to ]' in!" (l./

l',1 (t:l." \ ..- , . )

,L ' ';:~, j "'l' .1. 1 n~ (r:J.) .

_. ;"'1 -' "er, IJ.!' f-" (1.V' )

l- :rJ .. el.i.~c Vv'"}

,.,lir-ponv ( ::- ~

.' ~iJ, ,t->or c.

\ :r:.) , .l':l l ie, I,on :

\ .i'TJ. j

Jlnl, ;lmponr~

(J f ~

I, p limpont~

( " ) D'tl ,Jor' 11nff

(J )

t I ," I ,I d 1;'0, Ii) ('t

\J J )

f·" ,' t J"~ I ltl(: (J n.)

l eu · J~c.d .lne (J,V)

1..;" , .J "' .. I 1 II(

( V) t.. J ,J iHl't,H')lt

{ J.

!.~, lithp<Hlf' (1.1: )

l ; n 1 J . p',pc)n ,r (nl )

1 ~ l;lmpol' l" (p.r )

l (p l:i.niIJon.c; ('I)

2) 0

C IT APT E n - 1.

BACKGnOtIND TNFOPMATTON

lo1~ Intr~duct~on:

Plantat.ion inventory work wae carried out in

the project area of" \{eBt Benttal Forest Development

Corporftti.on Limited "ituated ~n the DBrjeeling

District; of" West s.ngnl as per the speciaL J'equeAt of"

Plnnlntloll8

are "ltllftte<1 In hIlly tf'l"rnin lit v/I"loI18 nl tltudefl

rrom 100 m. in the root hills or Knlimpong civi.l bub

~ivisj_on to bip,her h~lls ranging up to 3700 m. at

S>andakphu-Phalut ranges lying in Darjeeling civi1

8ub-div1.eion 0 Plantation activities in these areas

date back to as early as 1869 when indi«enous Oake

and e.xotic8 like Cedrus deodara and Cryptomeria

japonica. were tried near Jorebun«alow. Subsequentl-y.

plantations were raised in placee like Rangbul.

Dooterio. Ranftirum. Poomong lying In DarjeeJ.ing

Div! ~lion only. Regeneration plane at t.hat time aimed

at the introduction of" Cryptomeria and vBrioue other

indigenous speci.ee .like Toona(Cedrel.la toona}.

P:ipl.1.(Buckland:ia populnea), Ooke (Quercus ~), Knwla

(MAchi)u" speclee) wit.h an objective to produce bul1.dinllt

t 1mber. ,'urnt ture wood. box planktn~ und rU. twood Q

Betw •• n 1920 and 19:)5 hundreds of" bectaree were planted

with puro Dhupi(Cryptomeria Japonica). SubaeQuentlr.

:I. t was noticed thAt Dhupl (Cryptololeri6 J aponica) woe

uneuitable 8ft a ~ource or timb~r and there was a decline

tn crelltion or Ohupi p1antattons. !"'rom 19',9 Dhupt

(CryptoRI"ri fl .'Apontc It) was re-in troduced 08 a "ouree of"

pulpwood. It ie stated that Cryptomeri8 J"pon:l~o. con

yi.~d 1~ to 20 tonneo per annum per hectare(Source: West

Aenga1 Forests. Centenary Commemoration Volume, 1961,).

Intr0(1uc t1.on of" Teak (Tee ton,. Grand i.a) and Sal

(Shoren robuata) in enrly 19,0 is very :important.

Currently Te~k( Tec tone grandis) :18 plan ted in -the

project area or West Bengal Forest Development Corpora

tion Ltd .. to an appreciable extent. SAI(~~

robuetn) plantntion" Ore f'ound mo"tly wlthin the

limltl'J 01: erstwh:l.l. Kalimpong Forest Divil"icm.

- 2 -

1 .2~ Location a

The pre.ent area ot .tudy ~a11a w:1th1.n tb.

terr~to~~a1 1~~t •• ~ oretwhi1e Darjee1;in« and

Ia1~ ... ng Foreat D;1v~.~.na. The 1ocat;ion8 .C the

torest d;1~.~on. are a. to11o"a ••

hr •• t D:I:", ;ia1. on Locat:1on Darj.o1:i.n s 87· .59· and 88° 28 • E.Lonptud.

26· ,56- and. 27· 4' N.Lat;ituod. Ia1:1.mpeng 8S· ,56' aDd 88· 28' E.Lon«:! tude

27- 12' and. 26· 0,5' W.Lat:1tu.4.

1.l. Pbyoica1 a.tt~n«1

DarJee1~g D;i.trict i. a tang1.d ... a .~ h1.11y

c.UJ1try bavhg ...... ry ruSe-do topegraphyo Steep 81opes.

k:n1.f"e .dpdo riAlp., CODcavo and deep gorp. are •• t

UDOOIIIIDDDo

R1:Yera 1iJco 'Hata, Li..b. Gb:loh. N.ora. Murti.

Ja.1.d.h&Ita. Che1. L1.tt1e and Great Ranp.t are t1.vblg

~r .. the DarJoe1:1.ng H1.ma1aya. o The ent1.re foreat and

p1.utat;iona o~ the area UDder Wost BenSa1 Forest

Dev.1o.,ment Cer .. ratioll. Ltd'. l"OrtD th. catohment

area .• ~ the above l114ut:1onod r1.-yera. The •• river. are

not nav:l.gab1e m tbe bi.11y tract and are oxtrellle1y

boulJleryo

1.4-0 011. •• te.

The Civi1 Subed.:l.v~.:1.n. or Darjoe1:1u& and

][a1f. ... ons .x~r~.nce heavy ra:1n:raJ.1 ond •• ".re vi.n.t.r.

But weather 1. attract:1v. between Maroh to May and

Oot.b.r t. Novomb.r "h.n t.ur~.t. meve t. Darj.e1~«

anel Ka1:1.mp.D.« :l.n 1arge nuab.ra. .,.totn"01odea1 data

t.r Darj •• l..:l.na oan be perused t"rom the t.11ew1.a«

tab1 •• -

Av.mean IBClx. to .... -• ra Cure :l.n. _oc II - "_ -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.Av.rap me an llli.nillllWll temperature :l.n °C.

.vera~ meeD re.1at:lve hmdelt,. ty.

(:i.Tl <\",) .

82

Averap annua1 ra:ln1"a11 ;in I11III..

------_ ...

- ~ - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

'.

- , -Hi.~h forest • .1. ... the hi.11y tracts under study

can be ~ouped ~to.-

1. Lever h~11 torest. opto 1000 Dlo

2. MJ.ddl.e b~ll. t'orest. from 1000 m. to 1800 ...

,. Upper hil.1 1"oro.t:. I'ro .. 1800 m. to )200 m.

Tbo l.._er h~l.l. forests occupy cODD~derab1e

port~oD :lo erstwb~l.e Xa1.1.apon« Div~si.n where Sa1

(Shorea roboata.) ~8 consp~cuou.l..". present al.on«

r:l4co.. A100« w~th Sal.(Shorea robust.) other

important spec:les are Paocasaj(Termina1ia tomento.a ),

Ch:l1auni (_~~bi,!~ ~a11:loh:l:l). Toon ~_~~_1a to~_~~).

Pan1.saj (_!.e~:na1_!~ ~ioce!l!.!) t LampatJ. (Duab~_s:!:_

.!!~~eretio:1.do~). G_arf.(Gme1ina ~b~~~ etc .. Tho midd10 bi11 l"or.et. are d1.trtbu~.d in

both tho D.1.v.1..1.o •• but 1.. moro oxt.Dsi:vo in Ka1J.a:rpon«

portion. Th. cb1.or .poci •• are A14er or Ut:t.e(Alnu.

n.p.1.n8il!J)B~roh or. Saur(Betu1. alnoid •• ) Chestnut

(Caet&\nopai..! .!E.E. j Lekh toon(Cedro11 .. l'ebr~f'u~)

.A.n~are (Phoebe .!.22i) Mah..,a(~5!l.h.:rdt:l • .!.EEo} etc.

Upper b~11 forests are character:l~e4 by over

mature Oaks. Laurel.a and Ma«J'lo1ias. The Oaks a~

Buk(~e_!,cu8 .1ame11oaa) Pha.1ant(QueJ'~ .l~~),

Sungre Katus(quereu. paehYPhy11a). Katu.(Caetanop.~a

byetr~x). KapaD~(~ ~). Ran~champ(Miche1ia

e~ce1aa). Kavl.e.(Ma ch:l1us !REo), Gbo~ cbamp(Ma.Qlo1i.a

oampbe1l.~) etc. are a1so common.

It appears frOM av&:l1ab~e records 'that y:l.e1d

or timb.r from the b1.«h for.st. 01" Darjee1:ln«

D:lv:l.~OD can b. up ' to 126.00 .'(Sources v •• t Ben«a1

Foresta. Centenary Co~moration Vol.u ... 1964) per

hectare on en averap when e1earf"e11ed aa a«ai.nat·

1,0 m'/ha. 1.A Ka11.mpon« Div~.~on. Poor yi.1d from

fore.ta and 1e •• ova:l1abi1ity of" c~mmerc~a11y

important .pecie. made it neceaaary to convert the

f"ore.t~ ~nto p1antations v:lth spec!. •• of econo~c

:lmportanc ••

- If -

1.G. P1antation81

{Some

~ Darjee1Ln« Forest Division Shoree robueta 9

Duabans.' 8onneratioidea, Termina11a myrio~arpa.

Tectono erandia, Gme1ina arbore. are raiaed up to

an a1titud. of 1000 aa. :in Sembhon~ ani Si.IDl.i.jhora

Extno B1ockD o r1antatioDD of' Teetona 4tand~. in

RianS and Geil. B1ock. a1so fa11 within this a1ti.

tude Zoneq Beyond 1000 m. and upto 2200 m. Miae.

Hard woods app. are raised a1on« with conifers 1ike

Crypto .. ria japoniea and CupreeuD kas~rianaQ Mise.

hardwood sp.c~.a occur 1ar~1y in p1antatlona of'

ROD«bons. Rambi. Ri.abap. Souada, Dooter1. b10cka

1yi.n~ in tho o1titnd. zono rrom 1000 to 2200.0 MiDe.

hardwood ino1ud.~va~ou. epeci.s of' Quercus 1ike

Quercus ].aa .. 110.a, gu.reu. 1in ... tA J Pnd .~ciea or

MDehil.u. are ropre •• nt.cl by "&el111u8 odorati • .,i. ....

BeDide. theae other e~oiee 1ik.

A.1nue nepal.ena:la. ~r .!J!.2..:.. Buek1andi.a popu1nea •

'·Caat;anopsi~ ~ecie~ are a1ao 1"ound withf.ft thi.

a1titude zone. Pure p1antation. or Cryptomeria

japonica can be ••• n in Lopohu. Pumon«. Majbidura.

Sukhia - Pokhri. Poobon«, TOlllu,ons &. GhUDIJimana b~oeka.

Beyond 2200 .0 proport~on of' eoniCer& deereaae.

and tbat 01' m~iaco hardwood boreaa • .,. L ')1l.eDtatio. in

DarJ.e1in~ D~V~S~OD can be .een u. to ,600 mo ~

Sanclakphu. Pha1at & Sabarku. b10cke where ~lIll.oek and

Ab~e. don •• were pl.anted. Mi.ce11anooulII bardwood

u,. to :3.600 _. :!ne1qd. apeei •• 81' Quercus. Betul.a,

Ma cbi.1us, Miebe1ia, Prunu., Masn0].i., A1nu. etc.

Be.id •• Cryptoaaeria .japotai.ea, there are other

conifers in this z... wbdch inc1ude T.u~a brunoniana

and P~nue patu1., In North ~abik b100k plantations

of _!~u§:~ ~~en!an. oan be aeon beyond 2~OO m.. ::In

RIUftWD block there a"... very t;'Ood p1"nt:atJ.on. or P:l.DU •

• atul. :l.n th.l.lJ ze.eo Crrptomor:l.a J.ronica occurlJ

in hi«bor al. ·t:l. tud.. of' even upto )000 m. in Sabarkum

and Sandakpbu b10c~ a1on~ with A1nulII, Betu1a and He~ek.

VI "II t .. t I.n .. of" X_I J ... on. 01 ... 1 .. . 1 on oro 1 oe,'" t.ed

in yttr:loufl pbYlllllio4Jr.pby vb~()h 8~Rrt" r.ro_ 81mo_t

p1 .. .!.n ar .... or Hon~pon4!'t M-1 .& Khu .. ani b100las and

adjoin.t.:n« arella h.Yin~ a].t:1tude of" :300 m. M1.sc.

bardvooda Qro oolDDton1y t"ound in this zon. Which

L·~···

-, -ino~ud~Term~Dal~a t9~ento ••• Duaban«a .onnor.to~do ••

Sohime v.11.0~ •• A1b.m.ia .peoi ••• TootoDe «randi.,

c ••••• • ~ •• i •• Shore_ robu.ta, Boabax o.ib.,

Miohe1:l.. ob .... ao., Anthoo.pba.l.tt. oad.abe, Aoroonrptto ~rax:l.D:l.~o1~ue. Ai~enthua sraDdi •• tc. Gradua1~y

the terrain b.comes et ••• throush Gh.1, Li.b,

Cburant.t. Da1imkote. Aabiok, Moaspon«. Sekam &.

Eaatnar B1ocka. The characteri.tics p~antatione

o~ ~oot h:l.i1. continue. up to an e~.Tation o~ 6,0 m.

to 700 -. ap~rox~mato1y. P1antation. o~ Shore.

robu.t. undor X.1.mponc R~ ta11 .n tho root hi~1a.

Simi~.r17 X.oton. «rand1, e~_o oocur ~.rr.o~7 :l.n tbi.

Above 6,0 to 700 •• (TRriou.Lhard voort .peot ••

aro ~ound. Tbi •• itu.tton continu •• up to

1800 III. and .peoJ.e. Like J:!aohi)'"-, Alo:lIaAl14ra

gat4oArt:l.t. B~ok1.nd:l.a popu1u.a, 9Mercu. 1iDo~te,

Soh!m. wa~1iohii, . ~Dua n.pa1.n.ia, Betu1a .1noido.,

l.rmina1ia my£ioa.rea are tOUDd in p1antati.n. or tbi.. zon ••

Variou. hard wood epeei.. continu.e up to

2100 -. and they are ~oUDd J.n pl.antation. ot Ri.um.

l:tch.y, P.1n«aeJn. u...r Sazap.r. D .... ODC, Meron«

b10ok.. In thie ca.. Conti •• r 1ik. Cryptomeria

~ftPo~ioa_:l.. 1 ••• ~ oo~urrenc. wbich can be .oen in ~bo p1antat~on. o~ R~D.U., Laya. Khompons, M.ron«.

Ko1bon.. Bokb~. and Obuman« b1ook ... ~n17. Xn r.ot Crxpto .. rt. j.pon~o. b •• rLn« are •• in Kal~~on«

Divi.~o. are tound 1arS01y in a1t~tu4. Zone ot 2100 m

or .. re. :In thi. •• 1t,1.tudina.1 1eve1 mi.sc.11an.ou.

bard. wo .. 1~k. A.1.nue nepa1.11.~S, ~ campbe11i.

Ni.c:.!,-.1~a ._!Ix<:..1.a. C •• 1:J(e ... 1.,, __ '!PP'. CAD be ••• n a1.0.

1.7. Forest admin~strat~ol1l

Prio~ to the oreat~on o~ Vest. Ben«.1 Forest Deve10pment Corporation Ltd. ou1y two rorest

divisions .xi.st.d ~D the area. Forest DiTi.:l.oD

Darjee1~

Kal..impon«

Are. in .q.k:m.

294.02

.528.18

Mter creation ot Woet Ben«*1 Forest Deve1op

ment CorPOrat:l.on Ltd. tbe above ~o ~orest diviSions

have been reorg8D:i..ed :I.n the ~o110Yin« manners

6 -

Ad.l111.atrat1.v. un:l.te

Dar.1 •• 1.J.n«(Oorwro..l Dtv1.ai.on)

Darj •• 11.nB(Speeia1 D~vie~6D)

Ka11.mponr. (Gen.ra1 ~Y1..!on)

~a~:l.mpon~ (Spoof"1 Divi..ion)

lIeadquart.r.

Du.r Jo •. l t n('J

Darjee11.n«

Ka11.mpoD«.

Ka1ilQ:pon~ •

.411 tb ••• :t'or •• t 41 "ief.ona are w('Irkinlt _1 th a

common aim to con.ert the overmature 1'ore.t. ioto

p1an ta tJ.one 01' eoonoado I.lIIportenc.. WorkJ.n« un! tilt

11.ko r~.. and beat" have been made ama11er ~n 81.ze

to. taok1e tbo prosramme 01' 1.noroaaod c1.arCe11i.n«.

departmental. oporat1.oft and eub •• quent activit1. ••

01' raiein« p1antat1.on ••

-7-

C HAP T E R - II

INVltST;rOAT;rol" ANp H!f;TIIODQI.,OQX

Pl~t.t~on8 woro .elooted Cor .~l~~ v~th

prob.b~l~ty proport~onal to the a~zo o~ the planta

t~OA. .~nee ~~~v~du.l plaatAt~on undor eaoh .peo~o.

vario. oon.iderably in area in n year. Two plot.

were randomly oonsidored ~n oa .. ot onoh plantation •

• olootod ror •• mpllns.

Tvo random nu~or. wore •• lootod Croe rando.

number tebl0.' on. ~n tho r~\ .. oC total Dumb.r

ot plantation. in a tJl;roup or .tratullf .... d tho otll.r

Sn tho ran,~o or _xJ.um aroo. or a plant.ti,on in that

.......... ~ ................ _h •• ' ................ ,., ..... I .. ....... , .... 1 ••

1n lh •• 1III ... tO n tt' •• ·l,d,tw ••• 410 ... ' pa'r 01' "."do .. nu .. b •• ·•

are •• l.ooted and the a .... proo ••• ~o continued till

tho roqu~r.d nulllbor ot Plantatio •• are •• lA ot.d tor'

...... llns.

2.,. Layout ot plot8'

Thro. type. ot plot. wore Idd tor .llIIZpl:I.D8

~n tho plant.t~oA. dep.Dd:I.DC on the &£0 oC plantat

~OD.. ~or this purpo •• plant.tiona wore .trat~t~.d

a. ~ncliclltod hereunder. Plot a1.& •• :l.D each .ampli.D4J ,.

unit in variou •• trata are ~rn~.bod boloWI-

Strap!!!! TeN" ot J!lau.tation. Plot .~zo.'h.!l

I Up to 192.5 0.1

XI Fro- 1926 to 194.5 0.0.5

III ¥rom 1946 to 19.5' 0.0.5

:IV Fro. 19.56 t. 196, 0.02.5

V From 196.5 to 1975 0.02.5

- 8 -

2".1. P1o$ .t •• 0,1, haol

Th. pl.ot Gontre r •• r •• r.gt. ~nt.r •• otion oC tvo

di.lfOna1.. Diaconal. ..... aur. 4lt.72 _. h N-B and E-V

dirootion.. J)eob .ld. oC .qu .... i. ,1.62 _. Fren.

tho p10t oontre hori.ontol. eliotanoo or 22 0)6 ... woro

... rutu ..... 1n t~ di ... ot.'.oa. N. 6, S and W .. h ..... tho

........... ' ... ~ "'&Itt .. , .......... , ..... ~, ..

lIoob .:t.d. of" tho oqu.r. i. 22.,6... L.yJ.ntf

out o-r .1..t .a. dODO in tho PllJoo.dur ... nt:1.on.d f.n

para 20'01 I oornor o-r tho pl..t ••• ro ~oUDd by .. aour

ins 1 !S.81 ... ~rom pl.ot c.ntre f.n N. S, E & Y d:Lroe tion ••

2,)0' P10t .i •• 0,02, h •• 1

1111011 .14 •• -r tb. pl,.,t ..... urin. 1,.81 _.

".1'1 ... onl! pl",t "III •• h.". till •• ,,,, ... 1ft P_I·. ~ . , ••

.. l1oy " .... 1 .... ",.·'oon".1 cU.Ot)."6. of" t t .," _. 1n ., "'.

ID '" 'If d1.r.o &1. .... .rr •• p1.ot oehll.-..

2.4, Are •• tat ••• pt by .trat~1

Tho projeot area und~r oOD.~d.r.t:1.oa va •

• trat~~:l.d a. fo11 ••• ,-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -D:1.atr1.ct Sub-c1i .... :l.t.D. Stratum Ar.a :I.D

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Darj •• 1:J.ns DarJ .. 1:1.nc I 7420"

r:r 1988'.70

In:: 1376.96 IV 2208.71

V l 16!Z1t20

Total. 1 9482.80

Darjeel.i.nc Jtal.iaap0D« I 68,.48

II 257.5.20

In 1287 .. 21

IV 2!S68.89

v "24.,, To tel. , 1 oil )9'. 1 ,

ha'. -

2.'~ S1op •• tu4y ~ p1&Dtat~onsl

Areas und.r .tudy c~r p1antat~ons ra~.ed

Arter c1.arl.11:l.JlS or b:I.,;h rorest.. S10pe .tudy :l.D

Darj •• 1:1DS and KA1~~on. p1aat.t:1on areas ~~o.te

Datur. o~ terra:1D taok1.d tor p1antat:1.n .ot~v~t~ ••

:1n p • .,t IImd :1.D reo.nt y. ar.. Th. po.,~ t::l.oa. :I.. IUt

1"011 .... '-

51op. ~

- - - - - - - - - - ~

Upto 30 2)', 30 to $. 45 27'

64; 20'

11 46 to 60 A.bo... 60

28'

22' " P1antat~on. are 10cat.d :in eas:1.r tAPO«raphy

~D Xa1:l.mpong D:1~.~OD whereas :in Darjee1:1ns D~V~.~OD

~ many p1antat~oD.(5~) aro 10cat.d ~n .t.ep areas.

F.11:lnS 01" ~or •• ts and p1ant:1na :1n &10 .. e above

6~ may be detr:1menta1 rrom .o010«~oa1 po:lnt or

v:1.v. HOw.y.r •• uch c1.ar:t'e11:1nc and p1ant:lnc aot~v~t::l..B •• r • .or. :1n .ar1:1er yeare :1n the per:1od

b.tween 1908 to 1950. Preeent1y p1autat:l.on acti.vi.

t:l. •• are con:t':lned to 1.S8 st •• p ar.... Vork:1ns 01"

th ••• p1antat:1on. :In ruture may be d.o~ed .~~ due

oaut:1OD to aTO:1d eo:11 ere.:1OD. occurrence 01" 1and-

81i.d. and .1::l.P8 vh:1oh are .er:l.oue prob1... :l.n the

h:l.11y t.rr~ o~ Darj .. 1:1n« D:1.trict.

2.6. 8011 depth and hu.u. :l.n p1aat.t:1on •• "

Study or .0:11 depth and bumua ~ormation :in

the p1aJltat:1cme or Darj_1::l.ns and 1t:allJ.IllpODI! cH.v:1.::l.

on. :1nd::l.cat. th. r011ow~SI-

(~~

Y:1::l. )

So:l.1 :In s.n.ra1 ~e deep :1n Darjee1:ins di.v:l.s:l.on.

50:11 1.. d.~ to .. d::l.UIII l.n lta1:l.Japon« Diyi..:1on.

- 10 -

D~etr~but~on o~ .amp1~8 un~ta ~ ver~ou.

cate«or~e. o~ .0~1 depth and humua ~ p1antat~on

ar.ae o~ Darjee1~n8 and KaJ.i.mpon« d:lv:l.i.on. lIlay

be .ummeri..ed as be10wl-

- -_

- - _ - -_

- - - - - - - - - - -Di. .... ~.~oD HwIIu. PercenteS! o~ .amp1~ns unt.t1!l

So~1 deeth No Very Shai1cnr MedIUIIl Deep eo:l1 .ha11ov - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ._ - - - - -

Dar J.e1:lnlf Sha11cnr N~1 0

0'"

0.8 2.2 54., Med~UIIl 0.1t N~1 Ni.1 1.1 ,4.0 D.ep Ni.1 Mi.1 Ni.1 N~1 1.1

No 0 .... Mi.1 Nt1 0.8 If., buana.

lC.1i.mpon« Sb.11 ow Ni1 0.2 209 49.4 '9.'

- -

M.di.wa Ni.1 Ni.1 Ni.1 2.4 4.6 Dee. Ni.1 N1.l. Mi.1 N1.]' 0.8

l . No bUlbUS

0.2 Ni.l. 0.2 Ni.1 Mi.l.

- - - - -_

- - _ - - - -IfulPU. I"onnntlion in Darj.al.Sna 01,,:181.OD I.

) • .rp~y .bll11ow but; med:11U1 hu.u. Conantio ... :I. •• 100

not1.cod. The •• oato80r1.e. ropro.ont -.or. than

88~ o~ the area ~ OarJeo11.ns Di"..:l..i.on .amp1ed

duri.n« .urvey. In J[a1~".D« d~"'.:l..:i.n a1eo buIIIue

:f'"orlDllt~OI1 1.. l.arp.y .ha11ovo More tban 88~ o~ the

are •• amp1od dur:ln« eurvey ~4.:1.cete the .ha11ow

nature o~ hu.u. ~ormat.:l.on.

R.gard~« dopth o~ 80.:1.1, :it .:I.a noti.ced that

.0.:1.1 depth i.. b.tto~· ~ Darj.o1in« compared to the

.amo :in Ka1:impon«.

-

-

- 11 -

2.7. ~f'2!2~ I •

Plantotions ~ft DarJ .. l~n« end K.1~.pon6

diy~.~on. wera ra~.e4 ~n 811 aspeots. Major

plantat~one are. hov ••• r. located on the ~o~low~~

aapect ••

- _. - -.A..peot with .. aJor plantationa.

Northern

North Eaatern

Bas tern

South Eastern

Southern

South We. tern

North Ve_tera

-- .. -- -Tot.l,

-

- ~ ~ - ~ - - ~ - ~ - - - - -

- - - - ~ - - - - ~ - ~ - - -12.7 - Is 1.5.) -1).8 -14.6 13.9

16.1 2'.5

I· '9.9

".00 .... ... ...... &. ... ... -.. - -7t.,,, 7R.'~

•

.A., B do ••

not rep~eent

plll11tati.on

area.

- - - - - - - - ~ -- - - ~ ~ - - - ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ -

12 -

c n It P T Ie n - lJ J

PATA. ANALYSIS.

1"101<1 t1.t;n w •• ". oo11oot." I"."om tho ."laplo p.lot.

ot ".1.0 t.d p1.n to tl ona 1.n DarJ •• IJ.nll! and J(.lilrlpon~

Divi .. iona. 682 .amp1. pl.ot. _.~ 1aid in tb. p1anta

tion" in tho 1"0].10_in« mannor.-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

x XI IXI rv V

.-

No. o~ 8eapl.. pl.ote

- - - - - - - - - - - - -" 24 87 126

60 "'6 64 112

" 119

- - - - - - - - -Th. 1"1 .• 1d data oo11.otad rrom p] antat10nA 01"

variou •• tr_t •• or. proo •••• d in E1ootronl0 Computer.

Ao tUDlly tho data proo ••• iDS in..-01..-.d .annal. ch.okin ••

proo ••• 1 h« 1 nUn.'. t Renord "'.oh1n. pn.' r'"Oo.lllII',j.1\1{ by

111.0t.-o,.10 .......... ,"o(I •••• n. ,~,.I .... . tot.,. U l1li I ... ' "000 II jOt .l n.. 0 r d", t .. fJ 0 1 I 0 Cl t. dIn ,. I • I d

r01 ..... .ino.1udo. roliowin •• ".p •• _ 1 • Dpoun,ontatlon in rJ.a1d 1'0 ..... "or. ob.olcod w:1 tb

ro~.rono. t~ tho inetructioD8 containod in tho

",enua1 of" P'ore . .,t Survey Of" India.

2. A11 ood ... u.od in f"i.1d ~orm. _oro checked and

cSi.c.p.nolo. " ••.• rootlrtod.

Thi. ·inoll1d. I"0110win« etop •• -

1) Punohin« of" f"1.1.d data on oarde.

2) VeriC:i.catioD of" a11 the puncbed card.,o

,) Sort~n« and co11at~ns the carda for proper ~put to E1.otronio Computer.

4 ) R~otif"ication of omission. and c1U))1~catioD ~n punched ca.:rda bef"O:nl p.ctua1 data proce •• -~D«o

_ 1) -

)04. E1eotronde Data Procese~sl

Xn ·th~s etas- tbe data are sent ror proe.ae~n«

Vh~oh ~c1udes ro11ow~n« atepsl-

1. Load~ng the data :in masnetic disk pack.

2. Det.ction or ~DYa1l.d character.

30 Conal.stency check±D« o~ ~Dput data aDd do~g neces.ary correctl.o •••

40 Aetua1 proc ••• :l.ng o~ data rorl-

(al Stand tab1. praparatl.on.

(b) Calcul.tion o~ tree volu...

(0) Preparatl.on o~ stock tab1e ••

(d) D.vQ1op~n~ aul.tab1. volume .quations I.u renpeot o~ aome I.mporta nt .p.o~.ft ror preparation o~ tho volu~ table".

:rn the. <"', ...... , it • •• y h. 1II.,," .lo .. e4 ""l1li1. r.lt.d ......... , .......

~or Cryptomer1.u. japonica ve~ ooll.octed by F.8.II»

by actual ~el11ng o~ treo. at the time o~ I.nventory.

Howover. ~n oaae o~ Shore. robu.t. and Tecto". STandI.

data w.re col1.cted ~rom the record •• al.nt~.d I.n

tho OCCloe o~ th. Divi.ional Fere.t OCCioer. Silvioul

tur. 1.>i.,t . :1 on (North) Dnrj.elinlJ. Th. I! .... rfll. yol.""" .fI.,llt:l()n ...... 10 ... <1 In thl ..

.. llliu~ ntH •• it-

:I v- 0.00"'-' .. 0.06 ;", ~') I. IH :l "

,.89 .. 6 [) •

• V/D2

_ ".7781 +O.02Q2ltli

0.))1,,6/02

.. :2 , vIr) It n.Zi!R7' •

. ~ o.oo176/1J It

v - Vo1ume (o.b.) ~D.' D - Dl.amoter(o.b.) a~ brea.t be~ght ~n ••

H - 1I.i~ht oC the ~re. :l.n lIlo

- 1" _ :3.6. Local volume equntf.onsa

Local volume equat1.ona ~or Cryptomerf.a

japon:iea. Tectona ttp=andf.a and Shore. robust. as

deyeloped rrom Genera1 voluae equat:ions are •• t"ollovsa_

- - - ~ - - - - - - -Spec1.es name R - .. _--- ------- S.E.

Crn tome rf. a japon1.ca

V - -0.01097 + .5.:30991 D2

V/D2 .. 9 .. 7864.5

0.32.546/D2

Tectona grandi. v/D - -0.6.562, +

0.00:341 /D+

0 0 00916

Shore. rob us ta

0.97641

7 .881 D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -R - Mu1tiple Regression co-e~:f'icient.

SE - Standard Error

V - Volume f.n m:3.

D - D1.ameter 1.n em.

The volume 1.15 calculated on d1.ameter over bark

in confirmi.ty with the pract1.co f.n the State Forest

Departmento Actually w:ith the help of local vol.ume

equations, the volume of tree. f.n various diameter

cla8l5e. were computed on Eleetronf.c Computer. Th1.. provf.ded the basf.s ot" volume cal.ul-tien of the three

·P.o:t •• mltntJ,onod above wbioh ero th. 1nO. t ilbport'\nt

Dl •• ol •• In the pl.l'lt.t.:loau~ ot' tll6 _,'oa.

0.10,,1"' • .10'" or yol"",. '-0," otl ••• · "'"" •••••• w ... (lune

.... Ule ••• ,,1 .. or y,. I UI"" , I .• bl •• u, 4, 1 ... :it .... re .. · •• t.

i). pnr toJftn t:.

Lb. Treo. bolow 10 em. diametor could notLaocounted

~or Tolu .. ealoulatf.on as tho YOlumo tabl •• prov~ded

by Stat. Foreet Department do not f.ncludo tre •• bo1ow

,0 em. «~rth(i O.om. d:1ameter rou«h1y) '~or tho purpo.e

or any volum.tr1.o calcul.t:1on. Thu. this report do ••

not :lno1ude any volumetr~e f.nf'onnnt:ion f·or trees belO"t11

10 cmo d~amet.r or ,0 om. «:lr.tho

,.8. Cull volum~ studys

Lvolume No oul1Lstudy was undertaken t"or any spec~eso

3.9. Bark vo1umel

No bark volume study vas undertaken for any I!!Ipec:iee.

- 1~ -

,.10. Proo., ... ina or thinnina ~.rkine data.

~m.,d~.te1y a~ter tho comp1et~on o~ p1antat~on

inventory the State Forest n.partment carr~ed out

thinnins marld.ng in the pr.sent are. of' 8tudy in

Darjoo1ina and Kalimpon« DivtaJon •• A~. r •• ult of'

t .h' •• ,.,'ldnS .nd ... ,b.equent r."""yel "r' 1·r .... ('I'U"

pl.lII1tati.on .. " thero wi11 be .0"'. reduotion of" .lo.l. and vo1ume in eaob st.'.tumo This variat.t.on hea be.n

accounted in this report o Data i.n re~pect of' thinn:i.ng

mar~n~ of p1antatioDS were co11ected ~rom the o1'f'ice

of' t.he Divisiona1 Foreat Of'f'icor. Cu1tura1 Operation

Division. Si1i,.uri and va., processed on E1ectronic

COlDputer.

Data GUl,,1y .. t P I

Proooanod data or inventory havo be.n ana1y.od

and r.ported in Chapter" XV -VII of' thil!l report. Tbo

ana1yaia indicDteByarious eritlca 1 pointe in p1ante-

t~i~n mana ... ont and pr •• ent etatua of' p1antetion.

Cryptomoria japonica cODstitut~a bu1k portion of the

crop ~ Darjee1ing Division whereas the same does not

conatitut. Dignif'lcant1y in Ka1i.pong ~yi.ion.

-r.tc ton. fSrandis and Shoree robu.ta are tb. mo. t I.lQPor

tant speoies ~ Xa1t.mpons Diviaion. 1n Darjee1ins

Divia:l.on monoeu1 ture of' Crntomeria jeponioa I..

a point of' critioa1 diaoua.ion. In Ka1impon~

DiY~~OD p1antat1.one are mo .. t1y compo.ed of' many

misce11aneou. species which may be suited better in

present context o~ timber demand.

Processed dat~ of thinn:1n~ markin~ have been

ana1)1a.d i.n Chapter VJ:IJ: & :DC of this report indicat:tn«

nature of' remova1 of' etema and volume remova1 tberoo~.

It may b. po:l..nted out that no plantation 0'C

Cryptomer:1a japonica was marked ~or tb~in~ remova1

durinS thJ.e phase 0

,.12 Error' Error. f'or yolume ca1cu1ations in Darjoe1:1..ns

and ){al.lmpons D1.viaion •• ore •• ti.ated .epeare t.ly

:1rr •• p.o tJ.v. or • t::ratu. and .pooiea. The error

•• ti •• to ~ndio.t. the peroentace of' standard error

for atem t~b.r and ama11 wood aeparate1y. whioh

- 16 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Divi~i6n S'tandEird errOr ,,{, Stem timber !Imal1 wood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DarJool:lnc + - 6 0 2192 + ~.6778

Kftl~mpon. + ~01206 + ).70)2 -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Es'timates o~ above s'tandard error percentace

stande at 9~~ probability 1ev&1o Further, the

Kt~nr1urd errol' 'I'~ ror tot"" \lOoa in tho t-.-o cl"lvitJiona t", Ii .. Ullc1.'1·'-

- - - - .. 1>1 vln10n - - - - -Dl'Jrjo.1inC

J(1:11imponc

- - - - - - - - -5 tnncl n ,"d .. rn~r 1. - ~ - - - - - - -

- - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- -- -

- 17 -

C HAP T E R - IV.

PLANTATION CROP ANALTS'XS

DAIlJEEI.TNQ DIVIS]"ON

401 0 Crop cO!IPOaJ.ti.ol1 in Darje.1ine Div1.aion by stratum.

CompositJ.on o~ crop in tb. p1antations o~

narjee1inc D1.vi.fon vari •• conaidern b1y in di~~erent

'.1'_'u:mlll.fJ.J..:. .1J!nr11Ult~.. l'jr'U'~ tll.ll~. ",,, It,,"'" !!.!"J..ll~1t!.J,.· PJ"UDI," l1li"0'.,. M.(lh'. I~\. _"oJ,., Mlotan!!.!. .p .. Q ••••

pynbapg. nouner.t1.o1.do. and CryptODO~1.. J.pon~ca.

Qccurr9nc. oC cryetcmeri a Jeponica is maximum in

tbi.s stratum ..

In stratum-II Cryptomeria japcnica and T~uga

brunoniana oonetitut. 37~ o~ the total crop. Thoee

epecies occur in •• sooiation with Caetanop~i. speciee.

Mi.9he~ia speci.e •• Te~na1ia myr1.cca rpa and Tftotona ' . «randi.s. Introduction oC Teotona srandi$ in those days

vas on experi.IDenta1 baei.s and occurrence of' thi.s

speci..s i.s nearly 3~ oC the tota1 crop_

In stratum-III a1so cryeto .. rfa Japonica occurS

and :l.t &1one consti.tute. 26~ oC the total. crop. Other

importBnt speci.es :l.n the stratum are Mich.1ia spec18.,

Maoh:l.1ue spec i ••• Buck1andia popu1nea and Schima

va11ichii. Taua- brunoni.ana and Shorea robusta is

a180 tound to oocar in this .tratum ..

In stratulIl,,:",IV Crrptomer1.a ,1."on1.ca consti tutes

'7~ oC the cropo Other species 1ike ShoreS robusta,

Toctona srandis, Que'reus species. TsuSa brunonians

etc. occur dependia« on the condition oC so*1 and

a1tit~d. o~ various p1antations.

In stratum-V, Teotono ~andis and CryptomeriD

japonic~ are principa1 species. Theile epeci..s

constitute 861· oc the tota1 crop composition. A1nus

. nepa1en"lIi. 8180 oc~nrs in this stratum. It may be 'Wortbwli:!,1e to menti.on that raising

oC a 1arge number oC species ~n the p1antations have

Lin .. :i.rtua 1.1y been diacont:1nu.dLthe re"cent ye ars f'rom

Lb. 11)65/19(,6 ~ WhAtevorLthe pro_cri pti~ or 'Workin,. plAn.

- 18 -the reau1~a ~n tho ~i.1d ~n current yeBra lar~61y

~ndjoat. tr.nd toward. monoou1tur ••

Introduotion or AInu. nep.l.n.ia on .. lar~

aoal. may bo no ti.e.d in Stratum-V. It.1. re.latt voly

.n.i.r to rat •• tho epeoi •• and it •• urvi.ynl percent

as. 1. al.o bi«b. In otratum-IV a1.0 AInu. nepal.nat.

oocur. but it. I[rovtb 1. not approoiabl.. Noerly 60'1.

0"1' tho total .took 0"1' AInu. nepuon.i. in thi .•• tratulD

1. below )0 om" dJ.amoter.. Introduot1.on oC T,et.na

grandi. durln« 1 9)0-40 :I.. aifP'l.it':lcant in To.at.

Teetona £80di8

a~oms to be ~rowjD~ w.ll and the developm.nt o~ etand_

ie alao r,ood. Speoi •• 0"1' ~11.o_l.~a nnd Y.oehilus were

pJ_ntorl with emlJhc:u,i. in ...... li.r d.y ••

y .... r. th •••• poo I. •• t.hou~h not dt .onrdot1 ClJ'"@ .o_n to

bo r.i .... d only ftporDdJoal1y. Speol0. or Maehilu.

a'nd . Joti ebol iO 11l1v. l:!.41.torod poor f[row t:b and •• A

ro.ult 601. 0" tho Mioholl. ond M,.oh;!lua .p.oJ ••

bolong to lower di.mut.r olaa.o. in .tratum-I p II &

III. Growth o~ con~~er. 1~k. Touge brunoniene end

Pinua patul.. are enoouraBin« but ~n r.oent pl.antat~on~

the.,. are not :round in any appreo:tabl.e ext.nt.

In «.nora1. attention ~n reoent year~ 'bas beon

«~v.n to r.~ae ~a8t arow~n8 .poo~ •• ke.p:l.ng ~n viow

the industrial r.quirement o Hi.,oe.Ieneou. spee:le.,

~ound in o~d.r pl.antat~ons are many in number and ~t

may not be pOBsibl.e to suggest a correct ailvicul.tur8l.

treatmeDt :f"or tbem to, induce faeter uowth ~n :f"ie1d.

Apart from tbiB 9 mIscellaneous spee~e8 ~n Darjeelin€

Division re1'l11.y do not contr~but. aruch ~n crop

oompo.,ition and vo1ume. Undernoted tabu1etion ror B

:Cew Bpee~e. i.nd~c.te. their contribution by percen

tage to total crop in terme oC number of" .. telllel-

4.20

Stratum

I

II

III

IV c-

-19-

Name 01' speci.es

Acrocarpus fraxi.nifol.ius

Aoer ~

IJuclc1bJ1di.a popuJ.neA

nine 1 inn arbor_a

PrtmU8 ~

Sborea robusta

ChukrAsi.a tab1l1ari.s

,., n &TI 0 t i A .!!I!l!. ..

l'rtlnU8 ~

Pi nlln pn ttll_u

He tu1e a1no:lde 15

Ci.nnamomum !..E.£o Chukras:la tebu1ari.e

Prunus ~

Be tu1a al.noi.des

Ju«1ans reG':la

Prunul5 !'!EE.

-Percentage to total. - - - - -

0.68 0.85

0.68

1020

3 .. ~0 0 031• 0.54 0.)'. , .. OK

2.7M

1 .61

2.1 !5

0.54 0 0 65

0.27 0.54

00.53

- -In stratum V, there are on1y a few species

1ike Cryptocoria japoni.co. T6ctonn erendi.8. klnus

nepa1ensi.s etco wh~ch are important and these species

ar6 rai.sed Q;regarious1y depending on a1 ti tude.

Contribution of i.mportant species.

Contr:lbution of various species in d:l1'ferent

stratum can be sturli.ed from the i.n:rormo.tion given

bcl.ow. It wil.1 appear that Crxptoroeri.a japoni.ca

constitutes ~ most significant manner in 811 the

e trata. Teuga brunoni.ana i.e o.l.80 B1gni.:f'icant

in stratum II, III & IV. Max.imum occurrence or Cryptomeria japoni.ca may be noticed in stratum-Yo

The predominance of importnn~ spcci.es over

a11 the 1'i.ve strata may be studied from the

:ro11owl~~ tab1es-

-

.- - - - - - - - - - -Speci.e~ Stratum (Occurrence by <)

I II III IV V

A~nus nepa1ensis

Duck~andi.a popu1nea

Castanopsi.B ~

2 0 00

7.00

2.10

4 0 00

3 0 00

J.OO

',0 .. 70

11 .. 00

Cryptomeria japoni.ca )3 .. 02 26027

Dunban~a sonnereti.oi.dea 6~00

26",00

1020

9.00

9000

'4.00

).00

7.00

I, o Of)

Mi.cbeli& ~.

l'Iacbi.lu~ ~.

Quorcus ~o

Symplor.oPl ~o

Shoro.. .'Oblill It'

9.00 1,5 .. 00

~.oo ,~ .00

).00

7.00

J .. OO

'i .. 00

Schimu wullichii. ".00

Tsuga brrmon:lana

Termi.n-alin rnyri ocnrpn

Tectona grandis

J .. l,2

17000

2.00

:,).00

JoOO 6.00

22 .. 00 22 .. 00

ltoJo

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -'.

Conifers and Don-conifers:

Tbe speciae listod Hbove include uoth conJ. Cera

and non-conifers. Proportion o~ conifers to non-

con:it'er:!l in the Rtr~tum can be summarised 08 be 1 0'"' :-

Stratum

I

].J

1]:I

IV

V

- - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - -Rn t.o oC coni.fer to non-con:j_f'er s tnnd B - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -0.50

O':n3'

O .. Jl~

0.67

1.7

Unit of' non-conif'ur "'''fHld

taken as 1 ..

- - - -~- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -It thus appears that in 1'ecen t yP. ars much

attenti.on has been given to raise conif"ers in

Darjeeline Di.visionG CryPtomerin jnponic~ :is now

p1anted on a very 1arge Benle.. It may be reca11ed

that Cryptomeria japonica is considered to be

suitab1e as pu1pwood and it alone const:i. tlltes 4l.j-t, of"

the tota1 stock of' stand in Darjee1ing Divisi.on,

when considered i.rrespocti.ve of" stratum. Besides thiB~

- 21

o t."""- I mpu "t; ,",It t. '" pPI) I .. ". "'r~ ·,"'0" t.elf,n ~~ All"

:011.1' .... m!l!!.i!! .. T .... aq ", .... 1 I GIS h. '0 . ' ...... 1.1 .. ,'all I .. I. ""

h'ela'y ""po r' t. "I' I I •· .. ut· .~' .... nlJJl (1 Ilulnt .. r v'aw ..

()001""'"1100 0" 1.110,",0 "pn(~"!"", ro1onf'; wi tI, C"YI'I.omnl In

,.1..ppVIl1.Qa confttltute un much 0" r.O.y}l. of' tho lotnL I'tt.of; k

ut" "I. ... ndlt.

Shoron roblu,ta

Tectona grandis

Cryptomerio Joponico l,lt.O%

01",trillution by dinmoter clUBB081

Stucly of" dlntJ'.IIJlltlou of' ",,,in npc .. ,I • ., by

lOl'od po()r IT,,'owlh. Cryptom6rJtl JeronicD I" f ' o .. n«l t.o

occur 1n hifr.h.r cJiume tor c10,.,,0l'l 1n 81.1 tt trntiull.

Spoc :I.,.. 8tud 1.od nro J-

1~ Alnus nepalenBi8

2. C ryp tomer1a jepon1ca

). Casta nop8is ~

ltD Duabenge sonneretioides

~. l~achi 111" !!.£I!. ..

6,. M:lcholi0!!..2£o

7. Pinus patula

8. Quercuft!....2£o

9. Schi.mo we11i.chii.

10.. ShoreB. robusta

11 .. Symplocos spicata

12. Tectono erandi.s

130 Toone ciliata

, 4.. TsuC$3 brunQni.ana

15.. Terminalia myriocarya

0 0 .... CI)

> 0 0 0 .c 0 ~ . I I n

0'\ 0'\ 0 • 0 0 •• 0 0'\ ., n

0'\ I 0 '1' •• 0 • 0 .... • ., 00 • .....

~ 0 ~ ~ ...; C) 0 0 41 QJ 0 0 0 t-< 41 Q) Q 0 ..::t () () <II 0 ~ r:: ~~. 0 0 0 • 0 r:: r:: () ~ Q CD r.) r:: Q C""\ C\l 0 CD CIl ~ .... $.0 I-t I::...: (It <II I-t I-t CIl I-t H ;x; I-t M . J I-t I-t H ::I :s C':<l I-t M ::t ::I H 0 0 0... ::I ::I 0 0 0 0 () ::t 0 0 0

ti 0 0 0 \,C 0 0 0 0 0 0 ;.-. 0 0 .. 0 • 0 0 () 0 co 0 0 0 ..::t- o 0 '-0 ~ r:: ..... J:l s:: ..... ~ '" s:: s:: ....t ....t s:: .... ~ .... .. .. 0 0 0 \4) .. .. 0 s:: r::

(f') .. .. 0 0 0 0 J:l s:: .. 0 ttl (Q en § s:: • • 0 • ro ct$ ~ .. 0 0 -< C'O C'- C\l C""\ 0 0 u Ctl ~ • ..t .,.-j

....l 0 () ('Ii .... ..- .... -..t () ..... G-. "+-< U .... -..t c... c... .... ~ ....

<0-< c... ~ o..t ..... s:: ~ tt; -..t .... ~ e, -..t

""" f. t ~ ~ 0 0 0 -:t 0 ~ 0 .... ....

~ 0 0 0 0 0- -..t 0 -..t 0 II) II) I .... -..t 0 • .. • 0 II) 0 II) .... co

~ ~ :-- 111 111 0 11'\ 11'\ 11'\ 0 r:: U'\ ~ II) ['.

C\I ~ ~ s:: co C""\ C""\ ..::t H ..... ~ I J C\l r- III H H

C-i CIl • I • II) ;.... I lin 0'\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 CD C'O C""I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

r-I • .. .. • 0 • • CJI 00 0'\ ..:t ..... ..::t ll"\ )n C""\

~ {""\ I C\l ..... {""\ n I ..• I-t

~ , I .. I ., 1,1 p

P. I CI 0, 0 0 0 (.) 0 0 0 g 0 8 I 0 III £l(\j 0 0 0 0 0 (.) 0 0 0

C'O I • 0 0 • .. • • 0 • • • f-o o..t 0 0 0 " ..... \,C " ..... -=t ..M!'\ U'\ 0-7- A (\j -"t ll"\ \0 C""I ~.

~ ~ ~ 0 0'\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p. ..- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

~ I , .. • • • .. • .. 0 C""I 0 C""I C""I '-0 ll"\ 11'\

C\l U'"\ ~ C\t 0- n co >-:j < 0\ H <j U P" ll"\ ~ 0 I • ?:

~ U U

111

~ c... -..t Q 11"1

j II)

I ~ CIJ ;..;. CJ '0 0 -I (Q III .~ H co -..t -..t :>- • 0 t; $.0 III :u

r CJ

~

~,~i :r. EI s:: 0

; ~ H :s 0 s:: p:; I .p I/) .. C'O F-- as :s ~ ~ g VI

, M I fJ H H VI H H ... j # r4 H H ~ ~ .-f ~ cd H H ,S ~ H H Cl II) ~ H H H > u H H :>- UH H H H H H

<1)

> 0 .n c:s .-0

0 (",) , 0\ 0'\ I

0 0-.. J

'" Or I 0 f -:0

Q> I

'" t.J ~ C)

" '"' I-. I t

.' :::1 (J

CD <1) c.: u () 0'\ 0 I:: I:: Ci) Q)

~ .... H H or! s:: k H ~) ,

;j ;j .... CD U :,)

§ .0 () U .0 '" < 0 0 l·, U I -.-I

~ s:: 0 Cw 'M -M ,t; -rl J

5: -4-> ..... +> s:: .... I=l s:: -rI (') s:: .... .... cd ttl 0', fI' r), 0 .j.> (j) s::, s:: () U t"""I I=: .0 0 0 C> I=: ..., '" Q) It) -M ~ C\I I H -< 0 0 0 <V ~ .0 (J) II} .... r... • .- "J 0 < .0 .0 -rl ..-t I 'D .D </1 < < e, f;=!i --t .n I

I ~>: I I -M -.-I

.' (J) Ul 0 0 0 0 s:: ~ 0 0 0 0 H 0 0 • • .. I I 0 rr. 0 r .... ..::j' u, • CD C"l N I r '" (J)

Ul M r-I 0'. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U t'J () () 0 0 (.) 0 0 0 • • e 0 " H 0 ('.J 'V '" 0 l"- N n co oQ) (,..t ('"\ C"l N ~ C"l n \0 +> III E:

0 0 ell '" 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0 -rl ~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r:: I .. " 0 " .. • 0 C\I \.Q .- 0 If'I co co 0 r-- " C'l L1, 1- 0 N If'\ '.0 0 C"l ,,,

CJ'\ 0 J .,-,

0 , t

• cd 0 r-I

III .. ;j -.... (J) Ifl C cd El ::l ~ It) .r: ;j .-I .... ;:l -+> -rl CD fJl U Q3 .;:; .Q ;:l I-. H u H u H s:: H CD H +> > III H H > -.4 H H :> -M H H > >& H H I (fJ H ::_:..

'"'~ H H H H > X H H H H > p~ H H H H H H H

Q C

Q)

> 0 .D «

cr- , a-1

0 "'- I .

0-.

cv ~ Q)

0 () C)

(>_) I s::= I=: <D Q)

H Q) .... M () .... ::s J:: ::s 0 Q) 0 0 Q) H ~ 0 u H 0

I=: :l I=: Il' U ~

...t 1-1 ~l .... '"' 0

0 +> ::s +> 0 ~ 0 J:: ~ .. ~ 0 ...t (tl

.::; 0 0 U ~ ... ." .., <;... ~ ~ +> .....

..0 0- t: 0 .... "Pi +> .'11 I=: +> ..... .,..., Q) 0 ij J:: () Q ~ ~ I III .. .... II) ...t I,/) Q)

0 ..0 (\j "" +> ;: IT, .... .0 III "Pi u .... ..,; (\j III s:: .... ro .0 "M < .0 ttl

~ Q) p C) <r. f' <: ~ II' Q) "Pi , 1 .0 VJ <;... ....t

0- 0 « .0 "" 0 III 0 0 « ro 0 c 0 • I • H ..

0 ....t ~ - '\0 ..::t ("'\ III ~

C'J C I • H

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. .. .. •

III '\0 r- OO 0-Q) N ..::t III I'Jl d

M '" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . I 0 () N 0 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 .. .. .. • .. 1..0 ..::t 00 If''I .. -r _ .... 0--. '\0 \CJ .,..., Q)N C'"\ ..::t n .... Q)

~ 0-.. 0 0 ., 0 0 0 0 0 -M - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

I ~ I • • .. .. a • " 0 \CJ 0 -"t '\0 .... ..::t ."j-

0--. If''I .. 0', 0--. C, 0-.. -0-0 , "" 0 , l

-M

~ .....

~ .c= .., () .... .... III .-t ::s ....-i .0 <':. 0

~ . Jr: 1-1 ~ ttl -' III IlJ J:: .... E Q) 0 a;j -4 H <JIll>

.... 1-1 .::: H 0 H H 0 H" i-> :> (.i H H ::>- .Cl H H :> H H :> Q) H H 'I ~ H :.> V i H H H H :> v, H H H H :>- If) H H H !-; :>- H H H H

!II > 0 .0 I r:s . .(1

0 J 0 ..... 0-. c-, 0 0'\

) , c-ar 0 ro f

c- Cl 0 ,.._ t:

I <P -. 0 M I

<P ( . ~ J :; I

I 0 0 (I) 0 0

0'\ s:; s:; G .... M

M ... :;j Q () IU ()

I .c '" 0 0 ' .... oM .., 0 I Q) I .... ~ ... .. .. s:; 0

(.) 0 ..-l QJ s:: ~ .... " ..,

I s:; tr\ I s:: 11) dJ IV N s:: • I " • •

D'1 0 ,.._ C\I III -~ tf \ C\I C\I t/)

It I l cd .-< '" I 0 0 0 0 () C\I 0 0 0 0 , .. . • .. HO ...- ..:t 0 C\I !liN C'1 11"\ [' C'"'I .., ~

0 cd 0'\ 0 0 0 0 oM .... 0 0 0 0 0 C. I .. .. .. • 0

0 0'\ \.0 N ro l'-t ..... 0'\ ..... L,

'" 9 I lI"\ 0 I

cd

&! aI oM .~ s:; co 0 oM

~ .-1 oM

R 0 .0 ::t +' cd cd cs s::

I M 0 H ::t H ... !> 0 H H !> m H H ~ (/J H !> f-4 H H H H >f-< H H H H >


-27- --. ' .............

Remarks i.n tile tabulation inchide (i) insicni.~-............

f'icant and (ii) Absent. By insignif':lcHnt oc~urre:nce --.... _ it OlenDS ·tha t species occurs in the stra ·t;.Im bu t"~i ts ..... t'requency of occurrence is too insi.cni1'icant.. '~he;;' it i.s marked. as 'absent', it would RIcan thot the

species was absent i.n the eOOlJ:llinC' unl. to'J _tn a.

particular stratumo

4a5. Crop height and di.ameter:

Sample tree data o~ analysis reveal crop hei~bt

and diam3ter of some important species. For

Cryptomerio japonica, some observed heights and <:tiamo

ters ago.inst oee of' plantations are f'urnished

hereunder: T)i.ome tar and he! (':Il t relationship for Cryptomeriu

japonica" - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1

--2

3 I,

.:s 6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13 14

1,5

16

17 18

19

20

21

22

23

21~

191 3 192t~

1926

1 C)JO

19J:J 19,,0

1941

191'2 1 9'-11~

., 9 1,6

19Zt8

1949

19.50

1951

195)

19.58

1959

1966

, 961

'1963

1 ~61~

1966

1970

1973

o

o

o

i

j..

Stratum Crop dia a Crop Itt. _(£m~)_ _(~e~r~)_

I

II

III

IV

v

1~4

4:3

40

39

39

37 36

31

31

32

32 28

25

21

18

-22

18

21

20

12

1)

11

24

22

lB

18

19

15

14

15

1 J

10

12

15

1)

14

11

08

1 1

07

- 28 - ..... .... Like Cryptomeri.a japonica in higlior bills It

importance is attached to Tectona grandis ~ ...... t:~~e lower bi.lls ot: DerJee1ing Div:l.eion.. The in trod~ction of' Tectono grS!nqi5 on 1nrgc sc-.J..e bei.ng very recent, ~-.

the major crop o£ Tectgno «rQpdio belongs to the

10wer diameter c1asses .. The height and diameter

re1atJ.onehip {"or tbe "peciea i.s given llolo,", s-

Diameter class(cm.) Height(metre)

21-30 21

3 1 -40 23 41-50 25 .51 -60 3 1

Thi.rd in importance is the occurrence of

Shorea robusta in Darjeeling Division .. Presence 0 '1'

this species in the plantation stratum is. howeverlt

erratic and i.t is not edequately present in variou~

plantations.. Available information collected from

rield in this regard can be su~narised as be10ws-

Sl.No o

1

2

3 4

.5 6

YeDr

1939

19'18

1949

19.51

1961

1963

ot' p1antation Stratusn

II

III

III

III

IV

IV

Diao(cm.) Hemt

21 19

I 20.8 19

20 17

30 2.5

17 2)

26 18

* The results indicate that growing of" Shoree robueta

in the older plantations are not suti.~f'actory.

Other miscel.laneous sl>ecies occurring in the planta

tions of Darjee1ing Division can not be d~Bcussed at

lengtho P.1ost of' these species occ ur in insien-Lf'icllnt

manner and have litt1e e:f'f"ect on the tota1 stock.

Such Bpecie~ coll.ectively may play s.ignif'icant ro1e.

Ho'Wever. the diameter and height of a :raw misee llnne

ous spe eies are t 'urnished hereunder:-

+ 0 '0 I I • • I

0 '0 •

~ ~ 0 0 •

C\I tI: 0C"'\ I t

0 0 ..

• C\I ..::T I

0 0

.0 • B ~ u :I:l I

.-., t'\I

~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • • • • • • .r\ 0 .::j' 1'0 ""' ("'\ C"'\ n • , C"'\ C"'\ C"'\ C"'\

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 .. • • •

'-0 0 or" 00 M .r\ .... IN • I N .- N ....

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 g 0 0 0 0 .r\ 0 0 • • • • • • • •

('.I 0 '0 N N ~ Il'\ N ('.I l\l • N N N N N N

0\ 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 N 0 0 • 0 0 ." 0 0

• • • • 0 • • • I C'\ lI'\ "" , .... ,.... r ... \0 0-. ('.I I .... .... .- ... ..- N .- I

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ (,)

• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ (,) 0 (,) 0 • .. • .. • • • • • .. 0 0 •

C"- 1:"'"'1 0 ..:t' .- '\() N ..:t '\() co '" Ir\ t'\I .... .... .... ..- .... • .... • .... ..... .- ..... ..- .... ..- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 I I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "" CJ 0 0

0 • • • • • • .. .. • .. • .. .. iii ~ 0-. n 1:"'"'1 ~ C""\ ~ 1:"'"'1 0 00 ""' f"- 0

:x:: .... 0 .- .- 0 .- ..- .... .... .- .....

a ;j ... 'f. ~ H H H +> > t:l H f=i f=i ::: ~ ~ H ~ ~ Vl H H H H t> H H H H

110 G

'" ....

~ 0

oM .... • II)

~ Ii II) a ~

0 0

II)

~ .~ ~ I II) 0

lIS .... 17)

s:= I ...-4 II)

~ "0

., .. .., s:: 0

~ ::s ...-4

CD ¢ fa .-t ~ ..... • !J or( 10)

CJ .... -'=I .c 11) f --. CJ 11) CJ U Cl, ::s ItS ItS ....

U) OJ 0 ;:E: ~

-............._

GI ~ Ei 0

Cd

~

~ ~

-i---cr) I c· ...... ._

~I '''''''' I ::! I u

1& --e I ,(/) c.. ....... - I

• \()

• ~

I

I

• , I

CI

+ i o o t

•

0'\ '" , I

o I

'"

:0\ ClN"\

!\J QN"\

5-t ID ~O\.

.! . a

e .S

-' . I as '. • 5-t . ..., .en

'" )" o n I

0\, ~, ~I

,... I

•

n \() o ,... • • • 0 I 0

:5'0

. ..~ I

II

I · .. o 0 I

g;~8~ • • • • o 0 0 0 I I

C\ ..::t- ~ N N 0 _. 0 ..

000

V'\..::t- t--- .q N"\ '" 0 0 • • • • o 0 0 0

o 0 l'- ~ .. .. o \0

~.g~ • • • nco,...

\0 nco U'\ \() \() .. .. D

o N"\ It'I

,

, I

o o • o

o ... 0'\ ..-• o

\() o • o

C\I C\I .. o

• o

o ..;t • ,...

co .-• ..;t

N V'\ • co

~ M • o

COl

o M .. ..;t \Q

•

•

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

- ,2 , La~or.ea~d ~

lI'rom i theLTab1. ~t voul.d appeBr~.hat nearl..,..

64~ or the tota1 stook belongs to strat~~rv ~d V

vhi.ch ~ .. apread oYer ~'74·.61 he'; Balanc. ;'}3"~ · ·0t" the "

total. stook beloD«a' to .tratwa I, II &: III be:lug -.... .. ~_._ apread over ·4108.19 he.

Aooumul.at~on or tre •• ~ lower diameter 01 ••• 8.

in stratum II and n:I ~ .. UDU.ua1. Spec~es l.~"

M~oh.lla. Maehilu., Symploco. sp~oat., Soh~ •• _al1~cbi~.

Temua1ia !l!Yr~oca.zpa, Quercus .!1!h ; " ~. cOl11"'~ned

l.arg.ly in l.over d~ameter cl.aa.8.o'

In .tratum :I a eonsid.rabl. number or tre •• ar. ~ound ~el.ov '00 •. d~a ... ter ~l. •• e. This may b •

• ~~r~c~t ~ ~ev o~ the A«e o~ the pl.antat~on. In

stratum r. Y~e1d o~ tlmber ~rom tbe •• pl.ant.t~on.

may DOt b. at expected l.val. compared to tbe .ge or

the pl.antat~ona. Ca.tanopa~. ~t Klebel.ia~. and

MaoMl.u. apP. are 1arsel.y cont:1Ded In l.over d~ .... t.r • ~ olo •••••

Tro •• in 10-19 cm. d~amet.r ol. ••• ~ atratwD-V

are larply AIm'. nepalenal.. Thi •• peol •• la

OODs~dered a ... souro. o-r ruelvood 1-n tho hl11. but

t~alber :I.. al..o ..... 1.l.abl. rro. larp .~I:;.d tre.s~

4.7. Crop disp.raionl

Spaoins or tre.a In aome plantat~ona va. atud~.d

.nd r.au1t. are tabu1atad below. Th •• pao:l:D« ludicated

may b. ~urth.r verified in tbe t"ie1d to d.oid. th.

tMnnins :In ::tu tur. • -- - .. '- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Stratu. r.ar o-r Major crop Spaci.:ng :a._ru pl.ant.-

--1:ion

1913 C:r:ypto .. ria 5.8 M X 4 M .:Iol!oni.o.

1915 C!:z;Eto .. ria 7 M. x 4 M. .:Iaeo:nloa

1912.20 H~soe11aneou. 7 M x 4 M Non • • ~th Cxyptomeri •

.:I al!Ollf.e a

192JJ ."f..o.1l ... ou. 9 M x 5 M orop

n: 1927 Mf.oh.1~ • .!.2E.. .. M % .5 M 1928 CJt'yptomer~a 11 N x 5 M Open stook

.:IaEon~oo.

- 3:3 -

Stratum Year o-r .Hajor crop p1anta-

II

III

IV

v

ti.on

1930

1931

19.33

19.36

1937

1940

1948

19.50

19.51

19.59

1960

1961

1962

196J

1966

1968

1970

197.1

1973

Cryptomeri.8 j 8pOni.ce.

Mi.sc. crop

Buck1andiel popu1nea

Cryptomaria japoni.c8

Buck1andia popu1nea

Buck111ndi.a popu1nea

Cryptome r:l.a Japonica

Cryptomeria J apon:Lc f:l

Cryptomaria J Bponic.

:.t:l.ch.1:la ~.& ~ach:l1us ~.

Cryptom. ria Japonica

Cryptomeria j apon:l.ca

Cryptomeria Japonioa

Misco epp.

Misc. sPP.

Misc. sPP.

J.lisc. spp.

,. Cryptome ria japonica

J.l:Lsc. crop

Mi.l!lc. crop. Cryptomeria Japon:lcD Cryptomer:l.a japonica

Cr:yptomer:L a japonica

- - - - - - - - - - -Spacing Remarks

-............._ ........ .._ .. -....

.5 M x .5 M i 9.8 M x .5 M

6 H x 5 M

12 H x 7 1>.

.5 M x 7 M

6.25 x .5 M.

None

Open stock

None

Poor1y stocked.

OVer IItocked

None

10 Jot x 6.) M Poor1y stocked.

4 .1 x :3.8 M. Ove r stocked.

8 M x 6.2.5 M Under I!I tocked.

10M :x .5 ft.l Poor1y stocked.

4Mx.5l'-1 None

10 M x 8.) M Poor1~ stocked.

10Hx8M -do-

.3 M x :3 M We11 stocked

6 M x 4 1-1 None

10M X .5 M Poor1y stocked

34 -

" Spacing ot: trees in dit:t:erent strat-urn ind.icote

that some p19ntations are poorl.y stocked. The

reason of such poor stocking may be attributed to

i11ega1 removal. of trees by 10ca1 peop1eo In view ot: this special. attention may perhaps be required

t:or cOrry:ing out thinni.ng opera tions in 1'u ture.

Particu1ar attention is required in the

pl.antations of Takdah Range which have been l.arge1y

dama«ed by unrecorded remova1 of trees by l.ocol.

peop1e. Trees are wide1y dispersed and outtum i~

1ike1y to be pooro In case ot: such miscell.aneous

p1antations no thinning may be cOrried out in nenr

t:uture(l.sst thinni.ng done during 1981-82)0. tiide

spacing ot: trees in younger p1antations can be

tack1ed, it: necessary by enri.chment planting of some

seloctod unrt rast «rowing species to Bvoid 1Br~e b1ank. Suppl.y ot: l.arge sca10 timber from such

p1antat:tona wi1.1 not be possib1e in near t:uture

and hence the crop may be managed " ' i . tb ndequa to

protection nnrt thinni.ng corried out with propor

~e1.ection on1.y considering current gap in the

p1antat:tone. The spacing of trees tabulatert in

the paragraph re1ateR to pre-thinning period.

Thinning marldng was carried out during 19R1-82 &

1982-83 after comp1etion at: p1antation inventory by

our toams. hence after thinning or etand tho spacine

of troes 'vi}'1 be nAtural.ly more.

• 3.5 -

C 11 '}I P T It R - V.

PLANTATION cno.l' ANALYSIS l:'A LIt'PONG DTVIS I ON.

Crop composition :l.n Ka1impong Div:l.~ionl

Compos:l.tion itt' crop in plantations of Kalimpone,

Div 18 lon :l.nelie,' tu '" 1.:11 Co. t vDrloue anitt~o.ll OIlClOUO ~ poe j utl

were p~an ted :from time to t:l.me 0 In Strutum- I

spoeios 1ike A1nus nepal.ensis. Duabangfl. sonneretioidos

,uul ~ct!tIl!P ",A'1,1 LCtdj Qon"1.J. lulo 115% uj .. Ito t:oto:d C.l'up ..

Associated with theso species are 'r'ermina1ia tomontosa.

Amoora wa1.1i.ch:l.:l., Hichel.:l.a champaca and Shorea robusta.

Compared to Stratum-I, in Stratum-II a ~argc

number of' species are noted o These species are mainl.y

m:l.sceLl.aneous but also :l.nc1ude con:l.£er 1ike CrYptomeria

;taponica. This indicates that Cryptorueria japonica

was introduced in li:al.impong Division at a later d a te.

Thai li:st o:f' misc e11anoous species :l.s exhaustive but

Borne of the :l.mporta..."1t spocies are Tectona grandis.

Shoree. robusta, T~rminal.:l.a myriocarpa~ Duabanga

'sonneretioidos·, Michelia champaca, Lacerstroomia spocioJ'Jn

011'.1 Ill.1q" JH"pu.lollfJ.J.,p. 'l'bo"", npc.H, lo" 0011,. t:J. t;11 t.o nu l ' ,·l.y

6(.:(. of' tho t.ot;nl. oJ'up. Lone importnnt t.Jp~,oi"~ ..In StJ' "L11111-1.1

t:\1rO Cue tcnop,.:is indj. ~u, To r minaliA tOlllun tOI5& and

AilanthuB grondia.

In Stru·twn-III Aphnnomi:xis po1ys ·tachya account~

for n("(:Ir1y :301> of' thCl total. cropo Other importnnt

",pocies a;u-_Q Toc t0113 erandis, Tocna cilia tu. find S('hirrlU

wa.11icllii. II"

In stratum-IV Tectono erandis and ShoreEt rohu:':lta

Occur :l.n h:l.gher f'.requoncy. Coyli.:fers l.~ke Cryptome r io

jnpon:l.ca and CUPl.'08t'<UA kal!lhmirio.nn a1eo oc<"'ur in this

etrutumQ ShoroB robllBta is chiefl.y :round nlonr,- tIlo

f'OC) t hi11~ .. Hot'lt or tho p1r:ull;ntlon~ of' ShOl' O(1 rotH J!'Itti

occurs in Knl.impone rDngo.

In Stratum-V, Tectona crandis and Ail.anthus ..... randis

occur in PUI'O putchutl. HOWOVOI' , :£ootonn arnndis .in

:found to occur ill ul':Il!Ioct..ation ' .... :l.th Bombax cuiba.

- J6 ~ . !-ticbe1ia champnca, TerminE't1ia tomen tosa. I)ure p10n ta-tiona or Cryptomeria japoniea occur in hie-her ol.titudes in Lava, Bokhio, a.nd other p1ace". The pl.ontati.ons

in f'oo t hil.~s of' Ka~imponB Division ine1ude con""ic.erub1e

areas under pura crop of' Ai1nnthus grandis,

Antbocepha1u9 eadombn and Cassin .~~ .. «~s siaruen.

Re8ul.~B· of' pl.untine Ai1nnthus Grondis, CUl"Jsio. I

Aiamo n nnel An thocophn1uiII endnrnua hove buon found Lo bu

1'1 iecoHrogill({.. Urow th of' tb!3se species hova boon f'ound

to be poor. Ail.anthus crandis, Cassin siamen a150

occur appruciably in Stra tum III: and IV. Thoso t\JO

8p.O~08 Gl~ COU1~ 1nrSo1y oon£inod to diemoter c1aeeun

10-19 crn. and 20-29 em. Caseia siamen in stratum-IV

(1956-65) is very poorl.y deve10ped and nenr1y 78% of'

the crop belongs to dia. c1assus 10-19 em. , This species

can be considered for yie1d of' emall. wood onl.y because

stem devel.opment is extrerne1y poor •

. i Ai1anthuft ernndis was introduced l.nrgel.y in

Kai.irnpong DiviIJion :Crom 1960. Thi.s species occurs

appreCiabl.y in stratum-Vo NCiisrl.y 90';1(, of' tho stems of'

Ai1nnthus grandis ~e10ng to 10-19 cm. diameter c1ass.

Ai1nnthus grandis was introduced as a fast growing

species but could not prove Such ultimately.

Anthocephn1u8 cadamba another spacies said to be fast

~ro'Wi.n6 a ,1so proved unworthy in IItratum-V. N'onrly 90:' or :th~ t;ltQnltJ or AHl.honuphealub ottdtlllllJu utl'1oHg tu 10-19

and 20-~9 ~mtJ. ~ iama tor C1Cl1ll158a. However, cOnlpl\rod to

Cassin siamoo. end Ail.nnthus erandis, tho erowth is r

better in" Anthocepho.1uI!I cadamba.. Duabane;a sonneretioides

is present in ai~ the ~rntum and its growth ie better.

Michel.ia charnpaca is f'ound to bo trail.ing behind in

Darjeel.ing Division but it is gro''''ine wo11 .in Kalimpong

Division. Ec~nomica11y important species l.ike Shore&

robusta and Tectona grandi~ ha.ve been :found t o be crowing

1oIe11 .. Shorea robusta in Stratum-I can be found in d :!.ametor

o1a es of' 60-69 em. and hoieht of' 45 moter repre~onting

12?, af' the toto,l Sal. AtomtJ :1n tho stratum. l:nt.l'o(luction

of' 1!<'lt;oHf'I t1t'"JJ(',~''' hol.\~o4iln 1;l!o lJcu'i oc\ 19:.!G tu '19(" hnn

ruaultod in woll dovelQpad crop alone Coot hills.

This speoies is present :l.n Stratum-II, III 8: IV. Detter

erowth :I.e 'Been -in ' Stratum-II where s terns of' 50-59 em.

- 37 -d iome ter c18sM and 35 metre heigh tort! t'ound ..

S1 mi lor1y in., trn tum ] TT /',', IV t.roo M of" Tectonu

'SI'""(lil'l halc'II~'nf!. ",O-~9 cm. di'lmal.ol· cln,.,. ml'ly ,,, .•

'·ouod. Ilowovar. 111 ntrntunl IV IH~I'lr'ly /\~ of' til" !'tt.,"~,..

J16 i.n 10-19 COl" nnrl 20-29 cm. diflmut.o .. · cla~!'!o,. IIlld

tho"o f'ltoms repro!'lent the hu1k of' tho stock of' THctOIJO

f!rand :I. a in I'olimpong. Various specios rl i f'cusrsed 50

for repreaent the major port of growinc stock in

Ka1:Lmpong Divisi.on. Howev~r, these are 0 few species

which may not occur in higher frequency but important

from commercia1 point of' view. A 1:Lst of such species

o1ong with tb~ir percent~e occurrence are ~iven below:-

Stratum

I

" ]]

III

IV

v

Species contribution to tota1 crop(~)

AUioora wo11ichii

Acrocarpus fraxinifo1ius

no tula ulnoido 8

r.ruclinn urborea

"II1JII' ..... i .. ,.. !!.l!..C.

Be tll10 alnoidos

Cnl1ic~rpn ~rbornG

Jamhosu formOSA

Toona ct.1iata

A1bi.z7.ia !!!?E.0

Arnoora !!£.eo t·facarnnr;fl po 1 tota

Popu1uf'l ~ ..

Tetra~o108 nurlif'1ora

Amoora .:!I!£<>

Bombox ceibp.

Hetu1n a1.noides

Chukrnssia tabu1arie

Syzy.gium cuminii

1\6 t'11u alnoides

C 0111. CO r_p II "rbo reo.

nAr"6n pillnatn

fofocu.l·unldB pe1 tfttu

Q.uercus !!££..!.

0.3 l ,

O. Jl.

n .. r, I

0.72

Ooo?2

0 0 ,)2

OQ98

, 0'4

'00 9)

1.'-48

1 .,6 O.5~

1050

1.99 0.5 / ..

0 0 36

Cl.58

0.'. ~ 005~

0. 1.5

- 38· -

In l{a1~mpong D~v~"~on many epeciee vero tr~ed

in the past in the p1antat~ons as in Darjeeli.ng

Division.. The same trend o~ p1anting ~or many species

continuos ·currentl.y a.1so excepting in upper h:ll1s where

pure p1antati.ons o~ Cryptomeria japonica can be ~ound

in stratum-V in appreciable extent.

Contr~bution or mAjor speciesa

Con tr.1bu tion of" important • Peo i.e II (to thu to tol.

stock) by stratum ~~ ~urn~shed bolows-

-------Species name Stratum (~)

II III IV V

A1nus nepn1ensis

AntbocephalUB cadftmba

Ai1anthus granrlie

Aphanamixis po1ystachya

Cryptomerin joponica

Chukrftf'lsin tabulo.r~1I

bassin eiRmea

CuprSBSUA kashmiriana

11 .00 ~.OO

1.00

1.00

12.00

4.00

Duabanga sonneretioides 18.00 6.00

Lngeretroem~a ~. 10.00

M~che1iH champaca

Shorea robueta

Scb~ma wa11iChii

Tectona grandJ.s

Termina1ia myriocRrpa

- - - - - - - - - - -

6.00

14.00

10 0 00

5.). ConiferS and non-coni~erBI

5.90

8.40

2.,56

6.67 6.00

9.00 2.00

1.00 4.50

11.00

28.00 2.00

0 0 16 ~.OO 7.26 2 • .50 I • • 00 2.110

~. 00 10041

1020

10.00 ).00

1 .00 1.00

0 • .50

.2.70 2.60

14.70 8.!j0

2.60 11~00 14.JC

1.80 22.20 2.60

14.00 4.30 6.00

Tho species 1isted above include both conifers -. and non-eonifers~ Proportion or conifers and non-

conifers in th~ stratum can be summarised as be1ow:-

- - ~ -Stratum

I

II III

IV

V

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Ratio of conifers to non-conifers stands

O.OO(con~fers absent)

0.13

OoOO(Coni1'ers insie;nii'icHnt frequtlnc

0.10

0.09 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-39-

The conifers are l.ess in nurut)$'t' in Kalilllpong

Div~.s~on and .crepresent noarly 12% ot" the total. stands

J.rrespect~~ of' stratumo }llojority!if' t'oni:f"ereuB

plantHtiona aro :f"ound in st:t,otum ITI. IV & V and

Cryp tamer .. u j £lponicn 1 s thu mAin specl.0f1 0 Cryp t(lu" ' r:i (:\

,Japonica HI. though lr1.eo in enr.lier yaar~ in KH~. impon~

D:I.vieion but could not he planted on l.arger sc.:tle tiLl

pllll"ltnt.ion (:.lcttv -l·LI.urI wore tr' kan up i.n h:1.~~her alti Ludet>.

Af:j ft result UlftOy conif'arouB plantations Ore very young

and hove not yet at tained 10 cm .. diamete r and did no t

f'all. under OllT' survey.. However .. this does not prevent

to wr.i te the f'ae t that miscellanoous plantatiolls have

l.<lrger coverago of' area in J::alimpong D1.vision a:zaxls.

compnred td that in DarjeeI.ing Division. Major plan

-tation a.ctivities in Kalimpong DiviSion can be noticed

in the foot hills where various speci.es inc1uding

Tectona grandis, Shore fl robusta, Miche1ia champaca

are grown 0 These three species conotitute f'airly n

l.arge percentage of tota1 stands. Tec tona grandiB

in stratum V of' Ka1impong Division alone represents

26% of tota1 stand compared to 2.4% or Cryptomeria

japonica g This indicates that in Ka1impong Division

in recent years. the plantation a o ti vi t ,i.e B aro 10T(IJ'O ly

rostricted in Coot h:111s ~or gro~ :lng Tettk ..

Hais:ing of' plantations ot: Cryptomeria juponica ara

seen in Lava, Dokhem and Pankhasari Hnngos a rouno

2000 meter alti. 'tude on moder ate sc a le.

.5.4.

- ',0 -Distribution by dinmeter cl.asses:

The frequency of' occurrence of' certain

important specios in di.fferent diameter C1aSS(;!A in

various stratum CF.n b6 studied from the tab1e giv.:. n

bc1ow;-

Jmportqr. t s:pecies by d iftme ter c las 5",,8 (em" )

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Spccies nHme Stre

tum

Alnus nepalen~iB

-Allonthus e:r(lnd:ls

Amoora ---_. wI'Illlchl

I

II

III

IV

v I

1.: I

III

TV

t:

.I

V

.IV

v

An t.h()(~ e 1'1'1 u 1 Uti I cfI<}ufllhn

II

11"1

TV

v

- - - - - - - - - - - - -81.8:3 12.10 6 0 07

7.85 ~1 .. 36 27.h5 23.52 9 . 8:?

5055 25094 42058 22,,21 J~72

3.74 1~()o90 45.46 9.9 - - - Absent _-j -d -1'1 _ r, _ Absent

- - - -Absent -100 0 no 100.00

P9 .. 90 100 10

'17 .. .50 '37.50 12050 12.S0

- - - - - - Ah8t~n t

')1 ,,:l.5 ")OD OJ 1 ().(,;~

{it,,, r,t"; 16,,(·7 1 (j <> r.7

- - - - - -Ahaunl

1 00" 00

16.67 21, .91. ll1 .61 e.J8 B. 'H1

- - - - -Ahsunt - - - - -lh.{,6 '.1 .66 2.5 .. 00 8.J1, R .Jl,

- - - - - - - - Abs e n t

- - - - - - - - - - - -

- l! 1

Species nome Stratum

Cryptomeria Japonica

Chukrassi.u t u un 1 H ri. I!'O

Duab8 ne;a sonneretioidee

Miche1io chumpaca

I

II

III

0 .. 81.. 16.00 Absent -

35029 31.09 15~22 1056 -100.00

TV 1,0.,32 20.41 39927

V 74 Q 2424.24 1.52

Ab80nt T

II

III

IV

2046 11.53 36.86 34.~0 7.,77G38

400 00 46.67 ".3J

v ~} 5 • I, 'i " ~ 5 .'}

]1:

III 9,.05 6.95 IV 78.26 21.74

v 87.50 12.50

I

II

III

IV

V

3 0 e.5

8 .. 34

16 .. 40 37043 8.57 28.56

31.24 28 .. 11

2.5H

-Abeon t

30.76 40.38 19.23 5.78 44.99 28 .. 32 11.66 6.69

29.50 16.38 0.29 28.57 17014 11.43 2.86 2.R7

18.75 21.90

- Absent - -I

II 26.82 33.91 26.78 8.93 3.56 Insign.tf'i.cant.

III -Absent

IV 30.00 40.00 23.34 6.66

v 91.66 8034

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 42 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Spoc:ies namo Stratum D1.a. c1asses :in cm .. Aho .... :ing % of' stand

10-19 20-29 30-'9 40=49 50-59 60=69 70-79 - - - - - - - - - - - -Shorea robusta I 11.77 17.)6 52.9) 5.Ba 12 0 06

Schimll 'W~l)lch1.i

Tectona 6randi8

Terminal:lo. myrloc n rytl

i

II '5.87 53.65 24.39 4.87 1.:!2 III - - - - - Absent

IV 70.99 25.31 3.70 V 100.00

I

II

III

IV

7.38 17.51 20g CO 22.~9 17.49 9.99 5.14 28~02 22.62 27u98 15.99 2.69 2.70

V

I

II

III

IV

V

I

II

40.00 26.67 13.32 20.01 52.89 )5.53 10.75 0.83 84.25 14.96 0.79

- - - - - - - - Absent

10.79 4.62 3.5.38 1" .5:1 7.68 27.27 18.18 )6.35 9.1 44.49 42.0) 11.02 1.6:1 7~.04 220 1 2 ).84

16.67 4,." 36.65 3.37

14.~6 52.70 20.00 9.09 3.65

III 27.06 35.)0 11.75 4.70 '.19

IV 40.42 .53.19 4.2.5 2.14

V 88.53 11.47

-

Remarkel- Absent oenotes absence ot: spec1.&S in somp1ing un:lt.

Wi.th a v:iew to eva1uate the tota1 stock position by

stratum, the percentage ot: crQP by strata i~ ~urn:ished :in the

fo 11ow:lng tabl.e:-

.. s:I § 0\. - 0

lID ~ I) ...c 'i s:I () r1 ....t ...c • ~ ....t 0

ft a ...c lID ... () ,d ~ 0

:a ';I eo ..... CD 0-.. co n r-.. n , 8' 0\. III () •

~ ~ co 0', 0-.. "" '() -] ~ .., CI.I ....

0 0 • • 0 • I • II) 0 Q., CD ~ N n .... "" W"\ 0 0 ::s ~

I) 10 J.4 .... n n 0 . ~ .0 CD 0 ..... 0 co I)

'H "d M tiS 10 CD fJ CD 2: CIS .0 t

ml ~ ....t - f ~ CD ()

s: • • I • .cI 0 c! c3 '8 .EI II !l :IJ k • .... • () Q lID 10 0 0 • (J) . '1 ~ CD

~ ..... • I • 0 0 t 0\ "d C) ., n

~ § B EI II) .... I I • ~ III

Q 0 ~ ~ ...c .-4 • 0\ • n CIS "=' ()

:r t 1'. k !D

~ ~ ~ k k

0 0 e II) CD CI

It 0\. • • ' of • • Il ~ ~ lit () ~ I ..... , CIS lID ..... ... 0-4 CIS ., CIS

~ 0\. , () .... ...c -g !l ..-4

'f ?'" ~ I"-- 0-4 () "=' 0 0 r.. CD !. g,

!t 0 • • 0 • .cI I) k to 0 0 t 0 .... () II)

~ 11 i i! II)

a t .. .0 tw

.a 0\. CD a ...c l'- n S N 0 N I :a .. ., 0 CD .cI .. • c 0 - N 111 ~ ~ • H

k 0 I • • • • t • • II II) !l ~ ,._ 0 0 0 0 0 !i "0

~ I ... III I ..... • B 0

I 10

~ ~ I • I III ~ 0 ~ c:t or4 ..., fH ....

"'" f: I n I"-- -g.~ I"-- I t () ..... 0 ... C'"'\ '" It III • "'" CD I • a 0 0 • ~ 1 CD ..... J.t lID I 'II ~ 0 0 0 0 0 ~ CI :r II)

CI fH I III ~. fH .0 n I) "'" ... 0 CD 41 e 4 II) ~ t I) III CD ..-I I fi .. § () Cl. I 0-4 !t W"\ n 0 N '8 ~ I ~

~~ til .... 0

() N ..- N n 0\ 0 Cl. "0 a • • • • • • ... ~ I)

k C, 0 .- 0 0 0 .... I) s:I k () -8 • 0 ~ ~ il II) ()

~ CIS "" .... a e :J ~ 0 ~

c ~ 0 ~ 0

I~ B A CIS .... .... • ,.do

$::I -t ~ It ~ ..... t! 11"\ ~ t=:. r--- C"'\ 0 9 .a J:s ~ f '0 l'- to N '4) .... Co> ~

CD I • • • • • 0 ~ ...c ~

II)

~ Po 0 n 0 0 o. W"\ ::s () .... ft.t "0 . ~

t .0 () 0 s: ..... ~

E • • ..... CIS I) ..... 0 ... ·b ~

~ III ,Cl III

fiI CD • I i i • Ii Clo ,g II) u .0

~ 0 0\ c- 0\ .::t \0 I I"-- "I'f !. III

~ k CD I"-- .... ... '() en 0\ "0 ..... ~ ~ ..... -H 0 0-4 .. • 0 • o I • :J I) 'II) ~ ..-4 ~ ~ 0 U'\ .... n 0 .... CD CIS CD ft.t I .... !l- e .t- o

"'" ...

i 0 E-c 0 s:I 0 ":;J • ~ .. as 0

.0 c; J I:l ~ l! ....t ~ k 0 0\

, I) s:I ... • s: .... ~ N 0 r-.. ~ '() co 0\ G) G) 21 ..... • E-c •

0 ..., • <! U'\ ~ I"-- N , ('II ,d '0 til) > ! I) B ...c B c:t • • • • • 0 .... a s 0 "I'f ...c .. () .... .... ('II 0 ('II n N \D I \0 ~ Q 0 H :J 1: ..... ('I s:: .... 0-4 cd H 0\ .0 "d • 0 H Il1O • ...c H N .... .... • "d A ~ a I I k • ~ . I It ~ CD 0 0 CD CD

~ 0

~ ..... • '" CD .... it '0 0 N I) A ~

.,... C"'\ n \0 .... .::t l'- I () ~ s:I .. ~ ...c • ~ .... 11"\ ' 0 ..- ('II A ~ CD

~ .... ... ~ '0

'0 H 0 • 0 • • • • IU H .. .... .-t ID k c;

e ..... 0 .,... U'\ co co C"'\ J.4 ~ t CIS CIS H .... d ..- N 11"\ II) III ~ k III

fH Po CD • 10 I a 1 ~ ~ . f 'H ~ Q ~ B

0 or4 ~ 0 0 ~ ()

I ...-1 I lOS CIS

• k t::t ..... I - - -'" ~ ~ ~ 0 .... • ~ C'"I 0 (I) 1-1 H > E-cl - - -M""\

'1- 44 -

(4) :In atratum-rV. Tectona gr&ndi8, Schima wallichii

are ~ound to occ~ ~ higher diameter classes to , an appreciable extent. Duabang& eonneretioides also occura in higher diameter classea.

(.5) :en Stra~-v. Duabange. aonneret:l.oidea and Tectona grandi& are found in higher di. ame tor cl.aseea.

A!lapthua Brandis stock i. entirel.y :l.n lower 4:1.a.

Ola88(10-19 cm.). Similar i8 the cond:l.tion with

Cassia s:l.amea •

.5.6. Spacing of stand :l.n plantat:l.ons.-

Plantations rais.d ~roM t~~ to t:l.m. havo been

i.'" subJeoted ~o vBrious tb1nniP'h mo.J~k.ln,~r.l1:1.n8' 0'trooa. D1oti~ influenoe could no~ 01.0 bo ~void.d in

aom. o~ t~ plantAtions. Many t~o. have D~th.r b.en

removed or haokod attribut:l.ng pl"OII6nt condition of

stand 41stribution on the ground. Oollection of data

,fn ~he :t'ield indicDte various types o:t' epacing in the

miscellaneous plantations of Kal:l.mpong Division.

Tormdnalia myriocatpa. Ailanthus &rendia, Chukras.,ia tabular:l.s. DuabanSe sonner:l.tioid.s, Shoree

robusta, Schima vallicbii. Teotona grandi. and Micbel:l.a

abampaca gre the major spooies in the compositi6n 01"

orop. TbesD speci.s oocur in a1mo~t all the stratum

wi tb varyj_ng frequenoy. Some exampl. •• of .pac:l.n« ot • t.w .~lantat~ons are rurn~sb.d be10v1-

- - - ~ - - - - - - - - -Stratum Year o"t

p1ant .... ___ !.~~n_-

Name of epeo!. •• ,..... .'

- - - - - - - - - .,,, -

Spao!.ng ~emarka

(meter \ x ...t.r

:Il: XX

XX

:Il:

192' 1928

1932

1933 ~ 193'

M:t.x't1J.re of" T.rm!.nal.i.a 12 % 12 We11 stocked

JI1yriooarp~t Duabansa sonnerit:io:l.dea,

ltlcheli._ cbampaca.

-do-- ";':£:,": ~;.

Cryptomer:ia japon:ica

M:l.cbe1ia chameaca, Buck1andi.a populnea.

12 x 4

.4 x 3

1.5 x 8

Tgrmi.nal.i.a myriooarpa,l 0 x 5& lfioh.1i.a obamp_oa, 8 x , Duabanea aonneriti.oi.4.e

M:ich.lj.a Obampacat 11null nepal.ensI ••

13 x 7

-<10-

V.ry we1l stocked. Not vell IItock.d _

-«10-

Poor1y stooked

- 45 -

Stratum Year ot' p1anta-1.i~n_·

Name 01: species spacinJ (meter l[

mete

Remarks

III 1946

v

v 1970

v 1971

v 1972

Termina1ia ~riocarpal 10 x 8

lIoliche1ia champaca~

Lageratroemia species

Tqctono grandis, :3.2.5x2 ",lehQli. Oh0"!l?"Ofl, Chukrllll'JeiC'l tabu1aris

Teotona srandis. 4 x . I, Michelie cbampaca

Tectona srandi~, 4 x 4 Miehe1ia champace, Chukrassia tabulari".

Ai1anthus grandie, 6 x 6 Bombax ceiba" ~che1ia champ8ca.

Poor1y

stocked.

Well ., too "rod.

Vury"".ll stocked.

Ve11 stocked

Not wall stocked.

5.70 Crop beight and diameterl

~ Study 01: height and diameter in case ot' a

:rew species indicate the i'o11owing:-

Species name

Alnus nepa1ensis

46 .. 00 3:3.00

Observations from individual plantation5 does

indioate inconsistency in the height growth in case

o~ A1nus nepa1ensis. In 1920, plantation growth is

poor and diametar recorded are 10 cm. a.nd 11 cm. wi. tb

hei.gbte ot 11 m. an~ 12 m. re"pee ti: .. ely. Slmilarl.y

in 192" plantoti.on height 01: 25 m. has b.en

r.gi~tered aga~net diameter ot )5 0_. The situat~on

is turth.r improved, in 194.2 plantat1.on Where tre ••

01: height )1 m. to " m. can be seen with. diameter

ranging 1:rom 42 em. to 66 em.

- 46 -

Duabe.nga sonner1t~0~desa

In case o~ Duabanga sonneriti01des he~ght d1a.

deve10peldnt oan be perused from the undernoted

J.n1'"ormationl-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Spec~es

Duaban«a sonneretioJ.des

20 2.5 26 40 33 3.5

Observations ~rom ~ndividua1 p1antatJ.ons do

~ndicate that ~n 1919 p1antat~on height and diameter

growth i.s best. SimJ.1ar1y height end diameter growth

in 1918 p1antation ~e good. In these two p1anta-

tions height deve10pment o~ 33-34 • can be eeen

whereas diameter growth is very good on1y in 1919

p1antati.on. In 1925 p1antation growth of this speoies

~s :f~r1y good show:l.ng he:i.ght of' 2.5 m: • There is a good f • . trend in hoight and dia~t.r deve10pment J.n caee of'

~.!ftbnne;. "01111":1'00 tJ.o:1 daIS.

2,·yp tom, r.&'" J 1Il1l2n:1 C;'II"

PIQntationa of' Cryptomerla jOponioA Dre loss in

number and the spec1ee wae not grown 1arge1y in the

past. It 115 grown now to a 1arger extent, the he1ght

and dJ.ameter growth in case of' this spec. ies is as

f'011owss-

ern tome ria Japonica

29 ". 26

- - - .- - - - - - - - - - - ~

).5

In 1928 p1a.ntation height noted 18 '37 tit

aga1nst diameter of' .55 em.

- 47 -Termdnal~a myriocarpa.

The he~F~t and d~ameter deve10pment ~n case of

Terminai~a myr~ocarpa ~s as folloW81-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Term~nal.:l.a myr~ocarpa

26 30

DJ.ameter and he~ght gro\rth can be found 15aS

~n 1929 plantat~on and growth o~ th~5 spec~ee ~s

comparable 'off th other .,pec~ee like Duabnnga eonneretioide

Tectona erandis etc.

Tectona grBndis S

Study of height and dJ.ameter growth ~n cftse of

Tectona grand:l.s :l.nd:l.cates as followsl-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

... - - - ...... . -;. Teetona grandis

- - - -Specie.

- - - -Shoree robusta - - - -

20 28 2) 28

Study of :l.nd:l.vidual plantations :l.nd~cat.8

height growth o~ 32 ~ :l.n 1920 plantat~on with d~amoter

growth of 47 cm. only. In 1942 plantat:l.on, the height

growth :11S 30 m age:l.nst a d~a. of' 26 em. Most of" the

plantat~on indieate good be:l.ght growth.

Shoree robusta.

In ceee. of" Shorea robusta, the height and dia.

growth :Le as follows 1-"

- - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - -name Av 20-29 - - - - ~

26 ,1 - - -

rnd~vidual study of plantat~on8 ~nd~eat.

he:l.ght ~rovth of 34 m in 19,4 plantet~on. However.

good he:1gh.~ growth can be aeon :Ln 1942 plantation

register:Lng ,2 I!l height :l.n 40 years. In 1940

PlantatJ.0!1;~~ 'the height 0'1' growth upto ,0 m can be

found. Th4i overall eituat~on of growth of tbe Sel

crop is" 1'ound to be f"airl.y good.

- 4R -

In younger p1antntioDs height and diameter

grovth is not 80 pronounced and does not rea11y throw

any ~ndication of trend. As a resu1t ~f this, the

present study ~8 confined for the p1antatione of age

35 years or morae

-49-

C HAP T E R - VI.

VOLU~1E STUDY - DATI.Tr.:8LING nIV:rSION ..

Volumetric composition of' crop(bef'ore thinning) Stem timber and small wood: Darjeeling Division:

St.udy of' volume of" vIlriou8 species in

dif"f'erent stratum indicates that Cryptomeri&

j&ponica contributes most,signif'icsnt1yo Species

1ike Alnus nepnlensis, Duah&918 sonneretioides,

'Schima wall ichii, Tectona grendil!J, Shorea robusta ll

~!iehelia !!.p£. and J..lachilus ~ are also i.mportant

for volume contributiono

Vol ume (S tra tum-I),

In strnlum-I the total volume is as f'0110wa

befor3 thinningt-

Stem timber Small wood Total f. 1 .5J. 790 m

3 /ha. 41 •• 5"16 m3 /ha .. 193 0 )06 m3 /ha.

A study 01' tho table No.4.1 .. 1 and .5 .. 1 • 1 of' thif'l

report indiCAtes the distribution of volume into stom

wood and small wood as given be1owl-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Species name StGm Smallwood S.W. <f. to total

timber m3/ha. S.T. volume in the m3/hao stratum

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.Alnus 5.982 1.055 0 .. 176 3.55 neEal.ensis

CrZEt:omaria 76.654 22.657 0 .. :!95 50.07 JaEonice

DunbanG,a 18.339- 30960 0 .. 2 1 5 11 .. 24

Bonnere tioidee

Machil\.l8 !!Jll"! co ?o091 20590 O.2a~ 5.89

M1chali.a !!El!." 14.1~9 20366 Oo~li8 J.:!9

Schi.ma ~ .61, 1 1.402 O.:!~8 3o.5~

walliohl1

-

-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -s~w. ~ 5mBll wood

SoT. - Starn ~imber.

-50-

The above spac~eB contribute volume in di~fcrent

c1assee in the :followinc ma.nner~-

- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - -SpecieS name & V01./ha ..

1-. of volum~ per ha. in diBmeter classee(clll,) Total

Alnus nepnlansis (7,.037 m3/ha.) Cryptome1'ia .;Iaponica {99.,11 1lI3/ha) Dunbange. sonnera tioir:les (220296 mJ!ha) }.iichelia BPPo (6 .. 52 m,/ba .. ) ttnchll.uB ~o (11 0687 m3/ho) Sc h:l.mo. wal11chil (7.o43 rnJ/ha)

inc1usive of S ~ T. e_, S 0\-/" - before thinnin

10.08 34.62 12.50 42080

-

100.0('

100.00

100.00

100.00

, no. 0(\

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tho .above porcoutf1ae dietr.lbution clo"rly ahow that

" Dliabong~ nOl1no,'o tLohloB ~., 1'0protH.ntod ove r all tho <tJulne tor

cltu!fl08 .:followed by Crypt-ornol-llt Juponica. It jl'l intcu'o8tlllp; to

no tu ttlU t in this 01d06 t group of' plnn totion - moro than 7()'f!~ of"'

Duabe-nga eonner·eti.oides pertAin to the dia. class above 60 CIII ••

wbi1e in caso of' Cryptomeria japonic::a it is onl.y above 23'(, .

6.102. Volume (Stratum-II):

In Stratum-II volumetric composition is as

fo11oWB before thinning:

Steol timber Small wood To ta1 volume

127.276 m)/ha., .50 .. 586 ru:J/ba. 177.862 m,/11a.

Study of' tl\ble No.4.1 .. ::! f\J1(1 .5 .. 1.2 indict-tea the

f"ollo,.,ing contl:'ibution py eof'\& ot:' the main spaciesl-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~pociel'l nOme Stom t:l.mbor Small wood S.W 0 1, to t.o to 1 vol.

110/h-8 o 1l':J/ha o S.'1'. in strotum

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Crl:::etomerin ~2 .. 294 20.66,5 00'3::! 46 .. 64

jaEonica 7.'-l1.J ~1i.chelin sppo 6.547 6 .. 697 1.023

TsuGa 11.J o8h9 6u65J 0.448 1 2 .09

brunoni DnD.

'T'o 1:'t1d ne 1. ia 1 •• 0 118 1 .' 72 0.289 2 .. 93

III l:: %''l oc (! l-~ G

Tectona 50.561 1 .. 184 0 0212 :).79 G:rnndis - - - - - - - - - - - ... - - - - - - - - -S "l!. =- Small 'Wood - SoT. == Stem 1;i.mber.

-

-,51-

Volumetric contribution o~ the species Ln various " diameter c1aseos was aA fo110ws:-

. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Species name & V01./ha.

'II of' v01ume per hao in diameter c1asses{cmo ~nc1us~ve of SoT. & So~. - before thinn!n

Tota1

9 - ... - - -Cryptomeria 0.29 6 0 89 23095 33.,56 2).60 10.74 0.97 100.00 ~aponica 820959 m:3/ha)

Miche1ia spp. 22.94 52.91 13.1) 11.02 100.00 (13.234 mJ/ba.) Tsuga 3 0 01 37.95 ~2o'2 13.4i )004 100.00 brunoniena (21 .50J m:3/ha.) Tectona 22.18 52.36 25046 - 100.00 frandis

6074.5 m)/ba.) Termina1ia 1).0) · :37018 ::!).89 8.98 - 1(, .. 92 10n.OO

nrioc a §l7a 5022 m5bao)

The aforesaid tab1e indicates that Cryptomeria jnponica

is the onl.y.species tbat i.s even1y distributed over a11 tho dia. (.

c1a"s, Niehe1ia ~ a.1though present ovor 70 em. din. .. shows

"apa in intu rtrtodiate diame ter groups be twoen 40 em. to 69 em.

- - - -

Vo1umo (Stratum-TIT):

In Strotum-TTI bof'oro tld.nning volmotric

eOll1poe.lt..1on wna nft ("0110...,"1-

Stem timbe.t'

66.006 m)/hp.

Sm011 wood

38.25'1 m)/h D.

Tots1 vol.ulne

1 04 .~6 mJ/ha.

Study of' T~bte No.' •• l.) om .5 .. 1 .) indicatoe the

f'0110w~n8 oontribution by major epuciesl-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Spec ies name Stem ti.mber Sma11 woor:! S .:11 • ~ of' to ta1 vo1ume

m3/hn .. m3/hao S.T. ~n stratum

- - - - - - - - - - - ;- - - - - - -A1nus 4.452 2.11:3 0.475 6 .. 30 ne;ea1ens:iB

S)(.netu1a 2.429 0.670 0.276 2.97 al.no:ides

Cryp tome rio. 35 .. 18!i 11.862 0.)37 45012 Ja£onica

Duabonlia 2.532 0.653 0.258 ).05 .!'onnerotioides

ShoreD. robusta IJ. 018 )0805 0.947 7 .. 50

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -S.W 0 -Sme11 wood S ."1' .. = Stem timber

-

- 52 -Vo~ume contribut~on of tbese species ~n

v~r~oue diameter c1esses wes as fo11ows:-

Species name & vo)../ba.

A1nus l1epa1ensis (60565 m3/ba.)

Betu1a 2 .. '.2 a1no:i.des (3,,099 m3/hao)

Cryptomeria 1.01 ~apon.ica

'-7.047 lu)/ha.)

T.>uab a11g a sonnGre tioide!!l (3.185 .m3/ha.) Sboroa rohueta 9.06 55.68 21.45 13.81 (70823 mJ/ha.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tota.!

lon.on

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

Cryptomeria joponica ~B the on1y species that covere 0.1.1 the

r.I ~a. cl.assc's 0 Detu1a & A1nus though t"ast growin~. but occur in

1owor diamotor c1osses.

6.1.4. Vo1un~(Stratum-IV)a

Spocies name

Cryp tomeria J aponica

~horea.

robusta

Tvctona grandi.8

Tttufia hrunoninnft

In strntum-I\r, vol.umetric composition was DB

t"o11.ows before thinnins:-

Stem timber. Sma11 wood Total. vol.uma

43.202 mJ/hAo 43.589 mJ/hn. n6.791 m3/ha.

Study of' Tnbl.e No .,1, .. 1.4 and .5.1.4 ~ndic~te8 tbe ~o1.1owing situation of major contributing species :-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Stam timber 5rta11 wood .s.U. ~ of total v01ume mJ/ha. m3/ha. S.T .. l.n stratum

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -29.1t98 19.139 . .5 0.6'13 56.74

1.lJ89 2.809 10~87

50 1 43 1.3.55 13~96

:3.29° 2 • .5.59 0.778

~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -s.w •• Small wood

5,:1'. - Stem t:1mber

Vo lumo con trJ.buti on of' tlloeo spee JOg 1.n v«'rlouB

di.nmeter c1nSBOS weI! ae t"o1loWSI-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Speci.es name & vol../ba.

Total.

Cr>~tomeria 1~o9J 53.7' 28.37 2.46 2.49 iBPOni.cn "9. 24J:},m:l/ha0 )

Shorea robusta 2J.22G2.02 11~.76 (1;'298 m3/ha.,

T.c~ona 36 0 77 63.23 frandis

12.112 mJ/hno)

Tsuga 19.2J 40026 6.44-brunon:l.ana (5 0 849 mJ/ha.) - - - -.- - - - - - - - - - - - - -.- - - - - - - - - -

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

Tsugn brunoni.ana i.s proBont in 70-79 dia. 010ss. but ghOWB

intermediate gap between l~O cm. to 69 cmo diao class.. The exist

_.. ence of Tsug~ brunoni.ana ovor 70 em. is perhaps due to retBntion (-

of high forest trees in the plantation Brea.

601.5 Volume (Stratum-V):

In stratu~-V boforo thinning volumetric compo

si.tion was as r011owsl-

Stem ti.mber

1.716 m3/ho.

Small wood

28.048 m:3/hDo

Total. vo1urne

30.5(,4 mJ/ha.

Study of Tabl.e No~4.1.5 and 5.105 i.ndicnte tho

fo11owing si.tuati.on of major contributi.ne species:-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Species name Stem ti.mbar Smal.1 wood

mJ/ba. mJ/hao - - - - - - - - - - - - -Al..nul'l 11.48) ,. ne;2a1ensil'!l

Crl:]2 tome r:l. a 009.54 18.240 Ja;eoni.ca

Tectona Oo.57~ 4.914. ~rOJldis

S.W. = Sma1L wood

S.T. - Stem t:l.mber

- - , - - - - - - - -S .. \f. Total. vo1ume SoT. m)/ba. -. - - - - - - ~

- 14.67

190'19 62080

8 • .546 17.96

- - - - - - - - - -

-54-

V01ume cpntribution of" the above species in

various diameter c1asses was as f"o11ows:-

Species naMO &, v01/ha.

'" of" vo1ume or haG in diamete~ cl.assc . ." CIII.) inclusive or before thinnin

A1nus 87.31 napn1ensis (I •• 1, e 3 1IIJ /lHl 0 )

CryPtomerla 91.50 ~aponica 19.1 94 mJ/ha.)

Tectona 83 G 07 frandis

50489 mJ/ha.)

1609.:3

To l.Oll

100.00

100.00

1 ~O.OO

- - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The tab1e above wi11 indicate tl,at in higher areas

Cryptomeria & A1nus are the main species o~ plantation in recent

~ear8 and in lower hil1s and p1ains the main species is teok.

Thus •• onoc:u1.ture. has boon a trend in recent years.

6.2. Co~tribution of" volume by Cryptomeria japonicn in dif"f"erent strata:

Crxptomeria japonica is the main v01ume cont;ributil1g

species in Darjee1ing. Its sieni~icance in the p1antations

is very iClportant as it is an exotic in the area. ThE;>

species yields structural timber in Japan Islands but in

Darjeeli.ng it grolll'S too fast and can not yie1d Rtructural

timber. Locnl1y tho timber is used for various purposes

and its uti1ity as pulpwood is yet to be tested on tho JIIxlIlcl711

prorluction of quality paper.

A ~ompnrative st~tement on tho volume contribut

~on of this species in various stratum is furniDhed

below: - ,.

- - - - - - - - - - - - -Strntum Tota1 vOlu.n:e/ha .. % of tota1 volume

I

II

II1

IV

V

;9:J71-n? 82 .. 959 ..

47.047 " 4?24J .1

1 <9~194 11

- - - - - -, - -

_Of £h~ ~t£a~u~ __

'50.,07

4Go64 4,5.12

,56874 62080

~ 55 -

6.3,. Tote.l. vol.ume in Darjee~ing Divi~ion at the time of" inventory":

The vol.ume contribution by various stratulJl in.

Durjeeling Division and the total. vol.ume can be p~ruged

1'rom the summnry gi. ven be lOll: -

Division' Darjeeling(Tables 9. 1 .. .5)

Stratum Total. vo 1uma ! I 000

Stem timber

I 111, .079

II 2,52.605

III 90.G74

IV 94.654 v 4 o ii41

557.053

8.1 .1

m3 l

to 8 .. 1.5 and 9.1 0 t to

Sma11 wood

32.969

100.374

52 .. 570

96.0)1

91.148

. Tbo total stock ot" 1 /'7 0 048 (1000 m) wi11 thus

be avai1able by t"e11ing of pl.B~tations in Stratum-I in

Darjeeling Division ove r an area 01' 742 .. 53 haG 1."hus on

'an average the volumo outtu:rn from the pl.antation8 of'"

Stra tum-I is 198 mJ /hao This yiel.d :f'rom the pl.anto

tions wou~d inc~ude species Cryptomeria japonica

on a very l.ere-e scale~ other im portant species are

Aly)us nopnlon8i.~ 0 Duabango. eonnere t.ioid6tJ. t-I:lchelin Rpp.

Mach.ilus ~. p Scbima wallichii and Terminalia myriocnrpa.

56 -

C I-> A. PTE R - VII.

VOLUl-fE STl.'DY - KALDIPONG DIVISION

'rolume tric composi tion of" crop(be1'ore thinninc) Stern timber and small wood Kalimpone Division:

Study o~ volume contribution or different

species in vnrlolls stratum indicates that Tectona

crandis. Shore ~ robus tn, Hjche~if\. champaca, Dtuthanga

sonneretioidee. Schima wnJ.lichii & . .1:'e important.

These spec:ies occur sl.Gni:f'icantly in various stratum

unci their d ialll~ I:er and lloi r-:-h t rl cvolopment aloe eo oct •

Vo1u~e(stratu~_I):

In StratlUn-I, tho vo1umetric composition bef'ort:. thinning was as follows:_

Stem timber SmaJ.l wood Tota1

210304 m3 /ha.

A study of' tho Table numbers 4 .. 2 .. 1 and 5.2.1

of' this report indicates the volume conrribution of the

various Species as below:-

SpeCies name - - - - - - - - - -Stem timber Smal1 wood

- - - - - - - - - - -SoW. ~:h to the total

-m3/ha o m3/ha o SoT. vo1o in the stratum

------A1nus nopalcnsis

2.875

Duabanan 18 e 034 Bonneretioides

Michelia 4.757 champacn

Shorea robusta 11.2'18

Schima 14.055 wal1ichii

Te rmin alia myrioc<"rya

- - - - - - - - -SoW. = Small wood

S.'£. :: Stem timber

1.684 ·

it .. 198

10916

3 .. 451

1 .871

Ratio - - - -

0 .. 585

0.232

0.242

0 0 170

0 0 245

0.2(;4

- - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - -4 .. ~4

::?1 .. 65

507.5

12 .. 82

17004

8.72

- - - - - - - - -

.:. - - - - - -Species nBJTIe ~ Vol.. /bao

-57

C;, of vOl.ume/hao in incl.usive of S.T.

10-19· 20-29 30-39

A1nus :n:S}'ll.~.llSX~ nepa1ensis 26.14 40.20 33.66 (!J 0559 m3/ha.) Duabanea 1.00 18 .. 10 38.17 )Oe86 11 Q87 -sonnerctioicles ( 220232 m3/hn. ) Hiche1ia 1.90 3fl.25 6.83 23021 29 0 81 chnmpaca (50910 m3/ha.) Slloren rOUUf'ta 0.50 12.25 54062 2.51 24.1'2 ( 1 J .. 1 64 m3/ha .. ) Schima 0.54 l,.47 11.48 20.78 27"lt4 20.11 15 .. 1 8 wa] 1;ichii (17.506 m3/hao) Tarmina.1ia 6 .. .25 36047 49 .. 62 7.66-llriocarpa

80958 m3/h3o)

Tota~

100.0('

1 on. no

lCO.OC

100.00

100.CO

- - - -It is-pertinent-to ~ote-thet T~-contrast to-DarJea1Tne Dl~i=

sion, where Cry?tomeria japonica forms the principal. species in

Stratum-I, Sc:tlima wa~1ichii is the main species coverin{~ a1.1 the

d ia 0 cl.as se"s in l(al.impong Division.

Shores robusta a~though practical.1y absent in Darjee1.incr Divisio~ sho\\1s marked prominence in the stratum. This i.s due 1;0 the

fact thot the hiL1 soi.~ of' Kal.il11pong Division is more dry <;nu roc~cy

and foot h:l11. forest extend over much l.arger area in ICa1.·i.rnpone

Division .. Vo1ume(Straturn-II):

In Stratum-II, the vo~umetri.c composition was

as r011.ows be~oro thinning:

Stem ·timber Sma11 wood To tal. ,,.ol.uma

104.671 m3/ha. 27099.5 m3/ha. 1320G66 m3/ha.

Study of Tabl.e numbe).·s l~.2.2 and 502~:': il"ldi.cc1te

the fo~lowing vo1ume contribution of some major

species :

Sp~cTes name- - - -Stem timber- Sma 11 wood - sorro- - J!. - -i > to totn1 vol.-

Al.nus nepnlensT~Cryptomeria japonir.n Cbukro:'Jsin tabu1aris Duabnnga Bonnara tioi(~e~

Nichtt1in chnmra r.n Shore U l'obu!S to Schima va11ichii Tectono. GrnnrliS Termina1ie myrioc a rpa

m,l/hao m3Lhno SoT. in stratum - - --12 D4'i2 - - - ~.194 - '0 .. 175 11-:05 -

13.,532 4.074 0.301 13.27

I! 0 1~99 1 .107 O.21~J I, 02 J

6.~C6 1.C79 002113 6. 117

... ~H8 1.536 0.264 .5 • .51,

I :; : 'J:;ti I, 018 '1 0.)00 1 J. (~~ l.S51 O.~73 O .. )O? , oil:!

~ ,~974 1.268 O.:t41 7 .. 72 5.381 1 .. 406 0 .. 261 5 .. 11

------- ----------------S.T.Stern timber

- ,58 -

Vol.umetri.o compos:l.tJoa of' tlHl Obove l!Ipc'i.ee :tIl

veri.oulII diameter classes wes as f'ollows:-

Species name &: vol./ha.~

% of' volume/haG i.n di.l'f'erent c113 0 c1.ass(cm.) Tot(kl inclusive of' S.T. &, S.t". before thi.nni.ng

Alnus ne~a1.en8iS (10666 mJ/ha.)

Cryptom6rin ~ aponi.ca

6.2:30 m)/ha .. )

ChukrBssia 0.21 tabularis (5.606 mJ/ha.) Duabanga nonneretioidee (8 .. .565 lnJ/ha.)

Uichelia ch-ampaca (r7~)54 m3/ha.)

Shorea rohu~ta '0.07 6!69 45.98 )2.74 9.72. (18 .11 9 m) Ih a. ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1 CO. 00

100.00

100.00

100.00

8 0 )0 1 CO.OO

4.80 -

The table above indicates that most .of' the important

epeci.oe have got a good. l.'epresentati.on in SimoR t all the di.ame tet'

cl.aesos.

7.1.). Volume (Stratum-III): in Stratum-III, volumetriC composition was as

1'011.0...,5 bef'ore thi.nni.ngl

Stem timber Smal.1 wood Total vo1ume

Study 01' table numbers 4.2.) a:ud .5.2.:3 ;irldicate

the 1'ollowing situation of' vo~uma contribution by ... major spepies in the stratuml

- - -, - - - - - - - - -Species name Stem~ timber Sma11 'Wood

m:3/hae m3/ha.

A1nus 19.6'9 nepa1ensis I .

Duabanga 9.7)0 Bonnera tioides ~

Schima wa11ichii 12.atOJ Tectona Grandia

Terminnl1.a !l!Yriocarpa - - - - ~. - - - -

0.979 00481 4.oa7

- _" -

0.)4:::!

0.190

0 • .569

timber

~ to totAl vo;l. in t he stratum

26.50

14.37

4.19

).29

12.)2

- - - - - - - -

- 59 -Voluwetr~e eompo5~t~on of the nbov~ spec~es ~n

v<.'\rious diamoter clD.R5ca ~.9 indicatcd 1:e1'eund, ... :-

Spocivs name & vol.. /1:10.0

~>G to vol.umo per ho. in differont (i~o .. cl~~s:cm) i'vtl.;l. inclusive 01' S"T .. &- SQ\{,,_ bet'ore 1:hinninl-:) 1 0-19 20-29 )0-39 40--'l9 ,50-59 60-69 70-~ n

Alnus 0 .. 59 I, .64 '15 .. )7 39.(,2 9.78 lCO .. Oo ne*81ensis (;:~J .. 2:n m.'3/ha..)

Duabanfi8 2 0 48 18 .. 68 JS .. e8 32.07 10.89 - 100,.00 sonnoretioic\us (13 .. 148 m.'3/ba. )

Schl.ma 5. 11 '12 .. 19 13.64 32.95 1 CO.OO 'Wnlli-ch~!.

(3.839 ct)/h3 ~ )

Tee t.ona 2 0 48 11 .:'2 lIS .. 81 16.31 2).58 - 100.00 frandiS

) 0 01 m~/haD)

~ - - - - - - - -:Host o"f' the ~mportant spec!.es 1n the stratum .:'3hows even

d~5tr~bution ~n various dJnmoter classes except Schima wa11ichi~.

Tho Budden o'ccurl'enee or Schimn wRIl ich!.i i-n di. a~ classes (70-79 )

em .. is parb<"pB <:iu.e to x'etention of' mother trees in tllf) plantation

aron due to !'Ii-lv~eul tural re 9son.

7.1.4. Voluma(Stratum-J:'l):

In stra tum-IV, th~ volum(~ tric cOlllpo.e·i tion bOlu re

thinning was as follo~B:-

Stem ti,"ber Small wood Total volume

G6.398 mJ/ha. 42.:261 m)/ha. 1 Od .6.59 mJ/ba..

A study of Table No!!!. ~.2.1, an d .5,,2.4 of' this

report i-ndicates tho volume contr~bution of' the vl'Srious

species as below:-

Spec~es name

Alnus neeA.l.ons ~B

CO:Etom~ria J BEoni.eB

Dllabant!a. sonnere tioi.des

Shoroa robusta

Tectona ~~randis

- - - - - - - -S.li. a SlI1o.1 .1 wood

Stem timber m)/hao>

'+0440

40572

7 vh2l, .

.5.P51

17.80)

SoT .. = Starn timber

SI9.al.l WO od m:)/ba ..

1 .4)5

2.S66

;: 0095

70596 B.003

- - - -

00)2

0.56

0.28

1 • .50

0 .. 45

- - -

if, of total vol. in the s tra tum

5 .. 40

6.56

8076

11 .64

23 .. 75

- - - - - - - -

-Go-Irl Stra tum-IV t tho v01urn.3 tric composi t-ion of'

the ubove specie:'! :in vftrJous rliume tttr C1flf!SOR i~

indi.co ted 'hereunder:-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Species namf:l &. vo1 .. /huo

% of' vo1ume par hao in, di:f":f"eren t cl ia .. c1ac; ges To ttl L ~vc1u~ive or SoT. & SOWD be:f"oro thinning 20-29 30-39 O-~9 50-59 0-09 70-79 - - - - - - - - - - - -

A1nUB nepnlens:iB (.'5 .. 87.5 m3/ha.)

Cryptomeria 11 .. 77 59 .. 02 29 .. 21 a onica 7 " '1 28 mJ Iha .. )

Duabengu 0 .. 85 10009 2~~61 21.84 2~o72 7.93 sonneretioides (905 1 9IllJ/hu o )

Shorda 24.68 55.40 19.92 -robusttl ( 1 2 0 6l~ 7 mJ /11 a" )

Tectona 3.60 '3 .. 0~ 26.66 6.78 trOlldiS

2.5.806 mJ/ha,,) r.

100 .. 00

10(' .. 00

100.00

100.00

100.00

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -DUHi.Hlnea ROl1nurC tloide eo evenly covers ul1 tho diume tor

cl.n..e5es .in tho strata which indlcato 1uxurio nt erowtb of' the

spcc~es in Lh~ strata.

7.1 0 5 .. Volume (Strntum-V):

In Strat' • .un-V. the vo1.umatric- compo~ition ~~1'Ol'e

thinning was as 1'0110",-s:-

~tcm timt-er

1 S D 694 IIlJ/ha.

Slnn]. l wood

25D.251 Dt3/hn..

Total vo1urne

~J . 945 mJ/ha.

Study o"Y TOb1e nos .. 4 ... 2.5 mid 5.2 .. 5 01' tlds

report illdicate::> tho volume cont r ibution ot' various

spec iee as Lel.ow: - ,. ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

SpEocics nnnle Stom timber S~all wood SoU .. % of' totnl vo1. mJ/hn .. mJ/ha .. 5.'1'0 in tho.} p. "tra tU.11l

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -CaEtomeria 1 .. 421 2.21 5 1055 8.2i Ja,Eonica

Duabaneta 3.296 1.268 0.33 10.:J9 sonneretioides

1.'erminalia 0 0 2'60 1 .. 427 5.49 3.84 IllIFiocr:rEo

Tectona ~rnndi" 8 0 09t . 5 .. 764 0.71 31.5J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -s. \i .. = Small wood - ,~:t~Ste rn timber

- -

-61-

TIle volumetric c~mpos~tion o~ tho above spoc~es

in various rlinmoter clllssee is indicated boreundorr-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Species name &: vol../Ua.

~ o~ vo1. por haG ~n di~ferent ~i&o classes inc1usiv6 of' So'I· .. &. 5.,W. before thinnin .

Toto1

Cryptomeria 14-2..57 50.88 100.0() ~aponica ,.626 m,/hae)

Duabanga ~e~2 17.84 26.64 50.00 - 100.00 sonnere tioides (40564 m:3/ha.) Termina1ia 73021 26.79 - 100.00 tfriocnrpa

f .687 m3/ba .. ) Tectona 24 0 07 45 • .20 11~.65 16.00 100.00 tranrliS

13 0 86 an)/ht'lo) - - - - - - - - -

v Duabenga eonneretioides shows t"sf'lter ero,"th than f'ny other

species in the stratum. The exiatence or Tectona eronn.i.s in the

din. c1nss 100 cru.+ io por~apB duo to inc1ueion of' rondsido te~~

p~anted in oar1~er yoars which £e11 in the p1entation urea.

7.2.. · ~o1~mG contrJ.bution by various A tra tUJ111

Vo1UUle contrihution by vl.r.ious :stratl1tn ~n

KB1impong Division indicate" that p1antations in

Stratum-I ero like1y to yield on1y 102.675 m3/ha. a~a those p~ant&tions are Buf'fi.ciont~y old and may be

t"e11ed.. ,This yie~d from p1antation is 10wer than the

.yie1d attained from ltigh forests. ~roport:lonnte

decrease in yie1d in comparison to ~iSh rorests in

respect of Stratum-I is neer1y 33%. In con~arison to

Darjoo~~ng Division, the vo1ume in Stratum-I in

I~a1i:npong Division is poor.. Yi.e~d i.n l(a1impong

Division is only 50% .0£ Stratum-I in Do.rjee~ing ~.

Divi.sion"

J-fisce11Bneous hardwood epocics trend 1.n

atratwo-I have not z·.Jg..1.stered good grow t;h and p1an-

te.tions have bean eroded in many p1aces. Ratio o~

,,,e11 etoclccd and. eroded p~antati.ons .i.n Ko.1impong

Divieiot'l;is 46 r · .54. The situation i.n

Darjoe1i.nc dJ.vi.sion i.s dJ.f'ferent and the same ratio is

39: 6 1 0 So p1antnti·on management in Kn1i.mpong Division

need be reo~iented to improve the existing conditi.ons

and Justify the need· of raising. p1antations. P1nnta

tions of Stratum-II. III, IV & V are b e tter and yie1d

from those p1antations. iA · comparati.ve~y higher on

account of species 1i.ke DuabBnga sonneretioides, Scbimn

-61 (A) "'"

val1iehii and Shorea robueta. A1nus nepalensis

and Teetona grandis are' uso important next to the

above mentioned species.

7.3", Total volume in J{alimpong Division at the time of inventory:

The vol-ume contribution by various stratum

in Kal.impong Division and agg,r'egate of' vo~ume oRn

be perused froDI the t!lumma.ry given be low,-

Divieiona Kalimpong(Tab1ea 8.2.1 to 8.2 • .5 and

9.2.1 to 9'02.5)

Stratum Total. volume (1000 m')

f

Stem timber .. Smal1 timber

I ,4.70) 1'~ .Jt~8

II 267.71 7 7 1 .735

XII 79 .. 037 37.9G8

IV 170.172 108.370

V 62.631 83.694

633066 316.11,5

The situation is indicating that the planta

t1.one 1.n Stratum-I ore eroded and should not be B:ept

as Bueb. This has been a1ready analysed in

par~Grnpb 7.2.6. Miece~leneous spocies like A~nus

nepalenRis, Duabauga sonneretioidee, Shorea robusta ,

SCh1mO wn])icbii, T~rmiDalia mv.ioCElFPEl, are available

from the pla~tationB of stra~-ID "

- 62

C HAP T E R VIII.

STUDY OF THINt-TING REHOVAL ... DARJEELING DIVISION

Thinning by stratum: Dar joo1ing Di.visions

Imm~di&te1y arter p1antation inventory in

Darjeel.ing Divi.si.on 0 thinning marking was uT'ctertaken

in p1antatione by State Forest Depa1~~ent~ If tno

marked trees are actua11y fe11ed and removed. the

inventory resul.ts wou1d be chanced to. certain extent.

~he extent of thinning marking done by the State

Foreet Deportment was aft fo11owsI-

Stratum in ye are

I (Upto 192.5)

II (1926-4.5)

III (1 91~6-.55 )

IV (1956-65)

V (1966-75)

8.20 ' ~t~m removal. by thinning!

Area in hectare

50.80

4J.20

10290 0

P1antations in various stratum wer~ m~rked for

thinning in Darjeel.ipg Division. Extent of such

markine in various stratum bave been indicated in

pora 8.1. Trees marked in p1antations be10ng to

vari.ous diameter cl.asses p the situation of' marking

can be studied ~rorn Tabl.e NOo2.101 to 2 0 1.5. However.

the concentration of thinning marking in eertnin dia.

c1asses(in various stratum) :1e important and the s~n'e

is indicated hereunder:-TABLE SHOWING T HIl\lNING( BY %) PEn HA. IN NAJOR PIA .CLASSE(;:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Stratum Dia. cl.ass{em.) ,.. % of thinninc(in termR or no.

of' stems ll1ar1<:E:!d ) -------------- -- - - -- - - --I )0-J9 J8.2

'.0-49 J) .. 9

50-59 11* 08

II 1,0-19 2).8

20-29 ~4.6 'il-

JO-J9 27.4

1.0-149 '7.2

III -: 0-1? 21.3

20-29 :!!~. J

30-39 34.3 110-119 16.0

- 6).-

% of th~nn~ng(~n turm~ o~ nu. _ _ _ _ _ _ 0t. !!.t~m.!. !!!n£k~ll

Strntum Dio.~ clatt. (em. )

:IV

v

10-19

20-29

10-19

20-29

)0-39

76.9 21.4

8.). Volume to be removed'by stratum on account of" thinning:

Removal of" stem timber and small wood on account

of thinning operation would be as fo1~ows in various

stratum if the felling of" trees are done

Stratum Area thinned(he..) Vo1ume remova l(m;3) Stem timber Sma11 wood

- - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - - --I 50.80 ,587.00 104.00

II 2)2.Z.0 21'17.00 ~87.00

il:X 11).20 176.00 I~ 1 .00

IV 12, .20 1,6.00 (.~.OO

V 102 .. 00 296.00 65.00

------------------------8.).'1.. Volume contribution ot:' stem timber by species I

Volume contribution ot:' tho following epecies

ie important in caSe oC thi~ning romoval ot stem timber: - - - - ~ - - - - - ~ ~ - ~ -Stratum Nam~ or the spocies -, - ~ - - - - - - - - - -I Castanopsis ~

Duabanga Bonneretioides

Erythrina ~

:II

Schime wultchii ,

Terminalia myr~ocarpa

Du n b on «I a !lW.s. Shoree robusta

Tcrminalie ' :'myriocarpa

Tectona grnnd:i.s

- - - -Vol. (,:.)

20.9.5

16 0 18

6.98

4.77 3.74

22.)1

13.)0

10.99 15.46

8 .. ~.

- 64

Stratum Name o~ the species

I:!I

IV

V

f)uabanea ~

Gomelina nrborea

Te c ton a grand is

Iectona gran~i.8

.E ry t h 1'i n a !!.l!.E.. Shores r'obusta

Schima wal1ichii

VolQ(~)

46.59

7.39

9.66

SC.J8

7.09

27.J6

12 .. ,50

VolwllO rtttalnod af'ter thinning by stratum:

On completion of' romoval ot· trees rnc:l.l'l.c <.l ror

thinTlinc the stem and 5mal.l. wood vol.wne of' var:ious

spoci.e5 in di.f':Cerent stratum Would be as follows in

Darjee1ing Division:

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -!~ t;r;a tum Vol.ume {oeo m:! ~ 1'e tained

Stem timber Small wood - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -I 113 .. 1.92 32.86.5

II 250 .. 658 99 0 887 0 III 90 .. 498 52.529 ! IV 940496 95 .. 966 v 4 • .545 91.0G3

- - - - - - - - - - -Tote1: .55.3.689 372 .. 330

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-

-

-In Darjo o1inG Divi.f5ion to ttll v01ume of' growinf~

"look fttondiue urtc)1' thinninl1 will. UU 926~OI9(O(lO III) )

illclud.Lug etulII tillll>or nlle.1 tllIluJ.l wood. Avurltt~U VOJUlIlu

per ho.~( i1'l.~eapectl.ve of' "tratum) worl.:u out to lou

-

-

97.6.5 mJ after completion of' tbinnin~ operations .in

various plantations. Out of' the total 01' 97 0 65 ml~I~.

stem t~mb6r constitutee nearly 58.39 m3/ha.

P1antetione in St1'ntum-I ovor 7 1,2.53 lu.l ..

may be cons~der."d in mature stage \.i th a gro .... i.n~

stock 01' 198 .. 00 11IJ/hn ..

-65-

C HAP T E R - IXo

STUDY OF T!IINNING REI-!OVAL KALINPONG DIVISIO~

9.1. Thinning by stratum: Kalim;pong Division:

Af'ter the comp1e tion of' plan to. tion inventory in

Kalimpong Division. thinning mflrking 'Wos c~rried out

by the State Forest Department. If' the trees marked

for thinning are removed, the i.nvent.ory results would _

be changed to somo extent. The extent of thinni.n~

lTl':_lrkine in Kalimpong Div:f.sion by the State Forest

Dep!:'rtmcnt was as foll.ows 1_

- - - - - - -Stratum/Years Area(ha. -I

II

III

(·IV

v

- - -(Up to 1925

(1926-4.5 )

(1946-.55 )

(19.50-65 )

(1966-7.5 )

) 58.80

"76.00 ,118.80

602.08

184000 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

9.2 Stem roulOva1 by thlnn:f.na I

Plan tEl t;lons in v &rious a tr£' tUDl we 1'e mark~tl 1'01.'

thinning in Knli.mpone Division o Extent of such l"'1ark~ne;

in various stratum haVe be~n indicated · in para 9.1.

Trees marl(;ed in p1antations belong to various d iaIT'o tt3.l'

claSfHtB. 'I'hu nuture of" etands Olurl<:ed for thi.nr' inc

may be studied f'rom Table nwnbez.'s 2.2.1 to ;!.2 0 5 ..

Howevor. concentration of thinning marking in

c~rtain dia g class~R(in various stratum) is in~ortant j .

and the spme is indicated bereunder'-

TABLE SHOWING THINNING (BY~i, ) P8H EA. IF r~AJOn rlIA . CLA~)SL - - - - - - - - - - - - -Stratum Diu" class{cn.,)

- - -% tlli.nninc(in terms of no.of" _ _ _ _s~e~s_m~r~e~) __ _

I 30-39 ... 55.9 40-49 28.)

II .10-19 14., .20-2·9 26.3

30.,.39 38.7 III 20-29 2.5.6

30-39 ,8.)

Stratum

- - _ IV

v

- - - -

-66-

Diet. c1a.ss(cm.)

- - -10-19

,8:'9 10-19

!;!O-29

- - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -% thinning(in terms of no. of' stem marl~ed)

--------------)5.8

~~:9 74.7 25.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

V01ume to be removed by strntum on account of' thinnina:

Removal. of stem timber and em~11. wood on ae coun t

of thinning operation wou1d be as ~0110ws in variouB

etratum if' the i'el.1ing of' trees are donal-

Stratum

I

II

-IIX . ~.

IV

V

- ~, - - - -Area thinned(ha.)

58 .. 80

476 0 00

'18 0 80

602.08

184.00

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -V01. of rcmcva1 'by thinT>inc Stem timber Sm~11 wood

.(m,2) ______ _ (!!!)l __ _

.5:32 2.529

224 225l•

1 )1,

146

1139

88

A)8

120

--------------------9.3.2. V01ume contribution of stem ~imber by species:

Vo1ume contribution of' the f'o11owing epccie~ is

importont in CAse thJ.nning r3rnovo1 of' stam timbcr:-- ~ _.-Stratum

I

II

III

IV

V

Nruno . of' the species V01.(%)

A1nus ~o

Duabnnga ~onneretioide8 13.72

Shorea robusta

Cryptomeriia japonica

Sl!ol.'ea robusta

(;.5.6c ,58.1,4

3 1, 040

Duahauga Sormere tioides 25.89 Shorea robusta

Toona serrato. .

Te trwlIe1e ~ nudif10ra

A1an~.ium !!.E.£o Shore a robust;a

't'ectona i2:andis

Tectona s:randis - - - - - - - _. - - -

25.00

5.80

17086

J7.75 8.03

~2.J6

98.51 - - - - - - - - -

- 67 -

9.4. Vo1wme retained arter thinning by stratum:

On comp1eti.n of" f"el1ing of" mnrked trees durinc:

t.bJ.nnin~' th8 volu.metr:t.c oomposition in vllriouB stratum

wou1d be as rollowsl-

Stratum

I

II

III

IV V

Tota1 s

_------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Volume (. 000 m3) retained Stem timber Small wood

54 .. 171

26,.188

78.81 3

167 .. 918

61 .. 477

14.202

700596 37.880

, 070532

830574

3 1 30784

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -In Kalimpong Division the vol~ o~ total

growing stock ai'ter thinning including stem timber

~d small wood would be 941.377 (1000 m3) which is . (.

compa reb1e with total growi.ng stock of' starn timber und.

emal1 wood in Darjeelin~ which i8 926.019('000 mJ). Averaee volume per ha. in Kslimpong Division , (irrespective of stratum) worke out to be 90.,17 m •

Th~ proportion o~ stem timber will ba nearly 60.12 mJ/

ha. artor thinni.ng operation in various plantations.

Plantations in Stratum-I over 683.48 ha. m~y

bo consi.dered in mature ~tage and can yield 100 m3 /ho.

These plEU'lt6tions are rather poor and need not be leapt

~or future considering expectation value o~ land.

- 68 -

CHAPTER-X

DEFECTI"TE STEHS

10 0 1. DamagetocroPI

Damage to p1antat~on crops were stud~ed from

ava.i.1ab1e data of' th~nn:lng martin,g carried out by

the State Forest Department. Damage due to biotic

'factors are present but other damages ~n the pl.an1;E'_

tion have al.so been noticed in 811 the stratum in

Ka1~mpong and Darjee1~ng Forest Divisions.

100 2. Nature of defectsa

Various d.efects were noticed at the time of

thinning marking which can be codified for tho purpose

of' present study as f'o11ows:-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -~atu£._o£ 2eKe£t~ ~n_tlle_t£e~s_

Sound

Forked

Bend

Top broken

Dry Top drying

Crooked

Ho11.ow Top bendi.ng

- - -_C2.d~

1

2

)

4

5 6

7 8

9

10.). Distribution of' defeotive stems by strat ums

Abovo mentionod d,f'ecta hAve been noticed in

both Ka1impong and Darjee1ing Divieionsg The distri

but~on of defective stems/ ••• under various categories

o.-n b • .. r.pr.sent~d on '~r hectare bard. a. i"ollo~. s-

Project area

Dnrjee~ing

&. Kalimp~;J'lg

Divisions~ ..

!"'"

I

).428

- - - - - - - -Noo of' defective S t r& tumwi. se

II I:rI - - -).752 1.224

- - - - - - - - -stems per hectare-

IV V

2 .. 064 1.288

-69-

Cons~der~ng reported plantat~on areas under var~ous

stratum, the ant~c~pated number o~ total derective stems

in the plantations of Darjeel~ng and Kal~mpon« Divisions

may be as rol10vsl-

Stratum

I

Ir

rrr

IV

V

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Ant~cipated No.o~ de~ective treea - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tota~:

484lt

17124

3208

9861

8489

43526 -------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -100 4 St.m·de~ects in stratuml

In stratum-r, many trees are dry~g. nearly 45< of the

de~ect~ve stems in th~a atratum w~ll ~a11 under th~s

cate .. Z07 .• I .

.Spec~es l~ke Duabanga sonneretio~dea. Cast_nopaia

~. Chukrass~a tabularis, Toona c~l~ata, Terminal~a

myr~ocarpa are round to be top drying and they const~tute

nearly ~3~ o~ the tst~ de~ect~Te atems/ba. In th~s stratum.

derecta l~ke drying and top dry~n« are very common and the ••

two de~ects combined constitute 78~ or the total defective

stems/ha.

In Stratum II, occurrence or defective steme ia

highest. Here also the major derect i. drying of stands

Which constitute nearly 34~ or the total defective .t.ms/ha.

Further about 17~ or the total derective stems are top

broken. Tbe other category or defects noticed in the stem in

this stratum ~. top drying Which constitute 2~ o~ the total

derective stems/ha. Thus the.e three defects combined

constitute nearly 71~ or the total derective stems/ha.

~ this stratum. Shorea robusta has been larsely a~f.cted

by the derect of to~ breaking wbereas specie~ like Duabanga

sonneretioides 1s largely drying up 1n this stratum. Beside.

these derecta. Tsctona «randie is found to be rorked like Shore.

robu.tao This derect . 1s also high in Stratum-II b.in~

nearly 12~ or the total d.~ect~v. stema/ho.

- 70 -

In Stratum-III, besidee drying apd top drying

l1011owine and top breaking of' stems have been no ticed.

These defects largely occur in case of' species 1ike

Duabanga sonneretioides which constitute nearly 59~

of' the defective stems/ha. Shorea robusta in this

stratum constitute .5% of the defective stems/ba a.nd

the nature of' defect in this cnse is top dx~ing main~y.

In Stratum-IV, Tectona erandis has Burf'ered

f'rom defects like forking, bending ... 1;op breaking ..

Distribution of' such do:t'ective stems in Stratum-IV

in respect of' Tectona crandis are furnished oelow;-

_. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -D.:f"ec ts Code ·Stems/ha. % to tota.l defecti.ve

stems/ha. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Forki.ng 2 0.4)9 21.27 Bending ) 0 • .55) 26.79 Top broken 4 0.602 29.16 - - - - - - - - -

Total' 1.694 77.22

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Since Tectona Brandis is important from commercial

point of' viewp silvicultural causes of :f"orking,

bending may be traced out and romed·.lal action to be

taken in time 0

In Stratum-V, forking, top breaking and drying"

arc the major defects. These def'ects const:it",utu ncnrly

7B~ of t.ho totf\l defective Htems/he.

Def'ec ts like top drying, hollowness e<nd drying

are f'ound to occur frequently compared ·to other

dei'ectl!l. These cat.~gorio8 of defects l1.ave been

La11 not~ced inLthe stratum and thoy account for n

substantial part o~ the deIective sterns in tba pLa nt a ti

ons OI Darjee1ing a1~ Ka1impong Divisionso Cccurr enca

of' these dof'octs in combinod a.reas of' Darjee~ing

and KalimPong Divisions are f'urnisbed below~-- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -% of «efective sterns under code numbers ~ .6*9 to the total dof'ective stems in unit/ha.

Stratum

~~----------------------I I.I III IV V

: IJ-.. 8'

,"' : , :c,:

- - - - - - - -

86 59 70 1 5 46

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

·100.5

-71-

Con8~rl&r~ng the ~ntens~ty of" h0110wina or

stems. dpy~ng' and top dryine of' various species, ~t may be necessary to consider removal of' steClEl of' a !Gew

species raised dUring earlier yocrs at the time of" thinni.ng by eiving preference to other species. Dry

B"ld hollowness etco or stems in various stratum OR

accounted above requiro a1so some change in the

selecti.on of' species in the plant~tionaa For exarnpl.e

p1anting or' Duabanga sonnerotioictef'l may be discourar:ed

in view of" the . higb percentage of' derects 1ike dryine.

hol1owness of" stem~ in that species. It appeflr8 that mortaiity of stems depends not onl.y on ago but also

on loca1ity f'ac-torso Fo1lowins species are common1y

round to either dry up or deve10p ho1lowness in

various stratum:-

Stratum

II

III

IV

V

Name or tho specie8

Cnstanopsis indica

Duabanga eonneretioides

Toona serrato.

Terminalia myriocRrpa

Castanopsis indica

Duabanga sonneretioides

Scbima wallichii

Toona serrata

Terminalia myriocarpa

Dusbanga sonneretio~dee

Gme1ina o.rborea

Tectona erandis

Cas t ano ps i B ~ndic El

:... - - -Sonnd etem8 marked during thinningf

An account or sound stems marked durinc- thinnInG

in various stratum is f"urnisbod be1ow:-

Stratum

- --I II . III IV V

- - - ~ - - - - - - - - -No.o~ sound stems marked during thinn1ng

(stems/ha.)

10-;71 5-15.9:38 8.960

180958 5.866

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

-72-The remova1 of' stems (both. Bound am da:fecti.ve)

on account of' thinning wlll ultimatel.y bring a change

in tho vplumetric compos:l.tlon of' gro"'.lne stock o

This has been considered while cal.culat:l.ng tbe vol.umetr:l.~

composition of' growing stock :l.n Darjeel.:l.nG and Kalimpone

Di visions in the Chapters VIII & IX. Species marked

:in sound conrlition :l.n various stratum in Ka.limponc

and Darjeo1in~ Divisions durin~ thinning ere

f'urnished belowl-

Stratum

I

II

III

- - - - - - - - -Species marl-ced as sound trees

Alnus nopalensis

Castanopsi~ indica

Castanope:l.s eronata

Cbukraseia tebul~ris

Erythrina ~

Gmelina &rborea

Toona serrata

Toona c:l.1ieta

Terminali.a myriocarpa

Tetrameles nudif'lora

Amoore species

Bornbax ceiba

Cnnarium resinif'erum

Chukrassia tabulBris

Due-banga sonnere tioides

Gmelinn nrborea

Shorea robusta

Toona serrate.

Tectone. Grandis

.Alb:l.zzia ~ ..

Amoore. ~.

Castanopsis ~.

Duubanga sOJUlereti.oides

Shoree robusta

Tormina1ia tomentosa

... Term.inalia myrioc a rpa

Tectona Grandis

Stratum

TV

73 -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Species marked ~s sound trees

CinnamomWJl tana].n

Cordya ~

DuabRnga sonneretioides

ShoreR robufJte

Tec ton a grand is

Tcrmina.1ia myriocal.=pa

CastAnop~is ~

Cinnamomum tama.1n

Gme lina arborea

Shoreo' robusta

'r.,.c tonll erfmc1j.s

TornlilH,lltl boloriot'l

Tern-intl.1 La myriocnr}la

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -jot

(. No thinning markine wns c~rried out in the

plantations of: Cryptomeria jBponJ.ca and as such

coniferous plau ta tions in Dar jee].ing/Ka].i.Il':pone iii:

Divisions cou].d not be taken into account for the ." purpose of present study of: def:ec. tive atemsu However,

fe].].ed tree data of Crypton~ria japonica indicates

that the 5 tems are 1arge.1y sound : ~and do not bear any

defect to oppreciab.1e extent.

11~2

-74-

C T{ 11 PTE n - XI.

VARIATION' l'lITH PAST ST{JDIES.

Forest llesources Surve~:

Fore~ t Resvurce s Survey ... ·orkfl \oIe1'e carried 0 ut

by the StAte Fore~t De partment Ln ~nrly Bev~nt~e s ~n

resp~ct ot: pl.antations in Darjeeling and l(alimpoIlg

Divisionso neports in this regard were' pubJ i~hed

:from Pl.anninc; ({; Stu tis ti.c:1l Ce I ~ of' Ch:!.e:f Cons (! rvo tor

or I"ores ts, Hest Bengal. duri.ng 1973 and 1975u P1 n n

tations up to 1970 were s'urveyed in Dar je~linG Di,-j ~j ')11.

Slm11a r1y p1antatlonfJ up to 1971 ""ere surveyed i.n

Knlill1ponc Divi1"lioll. Current pl.Sn tn'tlon invon tory i[lcl.u-

dos survey 01' plnn"lntions up to 1 ~}72 Ii nJ tho !iurvey v.' u 1 I,

was carried out during 19S1-82 &: 1982-83 ..

Cornporntive vol-ume study rturing resources surv0l:_ ciIrried ou t by the Stu"te &, Fore s t Survey 01" Ind i.e:

Study of tree vol.ume was carried out durinG

resources 1"Iurvcy by the State Forest Deptt o and results

are available in the publ:ished reports. It appe arS f'rOJT!

such pub1:1.shed reports that trees be10w 30 em .. dia • ...rorE::

considered on1y for ca1culat~on of sma11 wood. n, this current rc-port of p1antat:l.on inventory, tree s below

20 em .. diameter have been consfdered for estimation 0" eme.ll wood. on1y. There is a enp of' approximate1y "10

years between the current study a no1 tha resources

survey carried out by the State Fore st De partment.

The gap between the tw,o e~timates of', .3ro""i.n~ stock h "l.'

b e en anal.y~ed l1ere:-

Reporting year Divislon Stem till'ber ( 1000 lnJ)

197:3(State)

1985(F.S.I. )

1975(State)

! 985 (F. S • Ie ) - - - - .- - -

Darjee1:1.ni 491.8046

Dar jee1ing 5 57.053

lCa 1imp one J1 4 .. '~61 6

Ka limponc {)33.Z6oo

SmUl.l./f' ue1wood (1000 mJ)

878.6231

'373 .. 092

542. 2 :: 6 8

3 1 6 .. 11 5 0

(Re porting !~ar 1 973 ~ 1975: Sta te Fore s t De partment)

(Re porting yrar 1985 F ore!5t Survp.y Of" Ind ia)

-75-

It may bo interesting to compare tho totnl

vo1umetri_C as",eSBment(~tern timber &: sma]'1 wood/ruo}t,·O()c})

in Ilarjcel.ine and t~al_impong, Diviaions fHI furniL"heo h."l o w l

- - - - - - -~- - - - - - - - - - - - -Reporting year Divi.sion Total. Growi~g

(t 000 mJ) steck

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -197'3 (S-tato ) Darjoeling 1 :370.'1277 1985{F.S.I. ) Darjcelinc 930711~.5

1975 (State) J,:\limpong 856.6~84

198.5(F.S.I. ) ICo1impong 9 /"9.:;75 - - - - - - - - - - - - -The composi tion 01' results of tho tt"o surveys

indicates that, there has been some increase ill the

tota1 growing stock of plantatio~s in Kalimpong

Division; ,but there is a sreat :t.l1 in th. total

growing stock of plantations in Darjeoling Division.

The :Call 0:C growine stock in Darjeeline Division is

rrimerily due to illici t removel. of siZeable starns

:rrom middle aged and older plantations, and manu1'actul.'t3

or charcoal. from some or these plantations in tbe

name of improvement :relling"

It is stated alretldy that the trees below )0 crn.

dia" consti tute smal1/fuel'1t,ood on1y i.n the report 01'

State Forest Department. In this context, contribution

of' volume of' trees bet10lfeen 20-30 em .. as found durins

cu.rrent survey is givel1 bel.ow:-

'4;- - - - -

Tr,ees between ~0=)2 ~m.!. ~i!:._

All species taken togetheJ;" inc.luding conif'ers ..

Division Stom timber in ( 1000 ~3)

DarJec1i.ne 1)1 .. 02)

lCnll.mpong 1380022

If' tIiese vo1uma of stem tirlbe'r of' 131 .. 023

('000 m'3) and 138062~(tOOO m3 ) in Dnrjee.ling and

Kalimpong Pi.~isions respective1y ara accounted as

srna.ll/rue1wood, the volume of' stem timber and small/

i'ue-1wood h : this rep ort wi.ll change and the position !

will. stand.,' , •. :t'01lows:-

-76-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Heporting year Division Stem timber Srnoll/lile lwood (. 000 m) ) ( lOCO m) ) - - - - -

_ - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - _

197) (State) Dnr jee l.ing 1'91 .C046 878. (;2)1 19C 5(F.S.I. ) Darjeoling 426.0)00 501~ .. 115 197..5(STATE) lCalimponc )1J,.I,c1G .sJI 2 • .226e 1985(F~S.I.) I(a1.impong 1~94 Q 6)80 1154.7J70

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ConElequontly tho ratio of' stom timber and smal.l

wood would be as under:-

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Haporting year Division Stem timber: l"uolwoo<-l - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 ~7)(Stnto) Dnrje(~ linc 1 , • e 1985(:rr.s.:r. ) IJor Jooline; 1 I 1 .2 I ~) '/5 ( S t; Q t(1 ) HIll irnpon6 1 I 1 .7 198.5(F.S.T.) l>:ulimpong 1 , 0.9

- - - - - -_

- - - - - -

-

-

- - - - - -_ _

Fuelwood/sma11 ,",ood ratio as calculated in

this report indicRtoOts that a loree number of trees

are lying in lower diameter class and they contribute

very largely towArds 9",&11wood o Tl::.is has been elOboro.tely analysed in earlier chapters which

indicate that many species hC\ve not yet cros$ed ,the

optimum dia.meter limi.t to yield h.iB'her proportion of' stem timber. Contributions ot: some species towArds

total volume Os per State Resources Survey neport are

compared with ro1evant figures of this roport and furnished below:-

-

SpeCies name -.-.----

--- ---Alnus nepa1en~i8

Cryptomeria Japonica.

Dunbanga Bonneretioides

Nichelia ~.

}.tach-iluB ~'.

Division ~. Ueport.i.ng

year

Darjoelinc 197J(Stc.te i 198 5(F.S.I. )

Darjeoline

Darjeeling

197' (StRte ) 1 98.5 ( F. S • I. )

1 97:) ( 5 tAte ) 1985 (F. S • I. )

Darjeelinc 1973(State) 1985 (F.S.I.)

Darjee 1inc 197) (State) 1 98.5 (I" . fl • T • )

Con tr:l hl.ltion <;:: ( ~ tom

_t!.nl!!_or )_

~ .. 61 2.61

70.23 56.~4

2 .. .52 ).87

".9'1 J .. )J

', .. 7 J, ;! .18

Speci.es name I i I I

- 77 -

Divis:ion Rcport:ing year

-------------Shores robusta Darjee1ing 1973 (State)

1 985 ( F • S • I. ) Tectona erandis Darjee1ing 1973 (State)

198 51(F.S.I. ) Ai.1anthuB grandis Ka1impong 1975 (State)

1985 (F.S.I.)

A1nus nepal.ensiB Kal.impong 1975 (State)

1 98.5 ( F • S • I • )

Cryptomeria j aponica Kal.impong 1975 (State)

1935 (F.S.I.)

Contri.bution "'i~(S t ( 'JIl

timber

0.64

'l Co 46 O~59

1 .10

23 .. 89 11 .17

1 .. '''7 I, ~50

Duahana8 sonneretioides

Micbe1ia r.hampaca

Ka 1impong

Ka1impong

1975 (State) 6023

1985 (F.S.r.) 11.47 1 97.5 ( S t a to ) 1 1 079

Shoree robU!lta Ka1imponc

Schim8 ~a11ichii Kalimpong

Tectona erandis Ka1impong

Terwinalin myriocarpa Kul.impong

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

, 98.5 (F. ~. I .. )

1975 (State)

1 98.5 ( F • S • I. )

1 97.5 (s tate)

198.5 (F. S • I. )

1 97.5 (s ta to )

1 98.5 ( F • S • I. )

197.5 (State)

1 985 ( F • S • I. )

------

8.9)

J.08

5.66

C.'7 '.5 .. 6)

7 .. 52

5036

EetimatoB or contribution or stem timber or some

species 0,1' State Resources Sur~ey re'port incl icute l.arge

variat:ion in Darjee1ing & Klllimpong Divisions when

compared with current t'indings:-f· - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

SpeCies innicating l.nrge variation in vo1umo £0~t~i£u~i2n ____ _

Nama o~ Division R~marks

Alnu~ nopal.oneie

Cryptomeria Jo.pon:ica

-~fi~n~~----------R 1{a11ntpong Fall in","con trihu li.on

Duabanga sonneret:toides

~1 :iche1i.a champnca Shorea robusta

Darjee1i.ng Rise in % contribution Ka1impong Fa11 in -<10-

lca1impong Ri.se in -<10-

Kalimpong Fa11 in -<10-Ka1impong Rise in -do-

Darjee1ing Rise in -do-Ka1impong Rise in -<10-- - - - - - - - - -

-78-

I~ can be seen from the tab1e that conspicuous

increase in yolume has been observed over the decade.

in both the Divisions, with respect to Tectonn Crandi~

only. 111ith x'espoct to otllo]'" sperloFl, the incrcDsc in

vol.ume is oithor marc;innl or therso is som~ r .iso ~n aile

Divif.lio11 and 1'n11 in other D:lvi.sion. ",['lIe 1110 !I t no t;! h 1.0

t'euture is tho fthflrp full. of" volumo over tbe docnd u \,1 til

rospoc t to Cryp tomo~ in Dal'joeling and. ~I:J Ch3iio

cpn~~nc8 in Kn1impong Division, and A1nus in both the

Divisions.

neported v01unte for pl.antations as pe.::' tpe data

of' State Forost nesourco.s Survey in 1971 an('i 1973 I'D-va

boon compared \:ith the iicureR of pl£lntations f"rolll th~

inventol.'Y da tel of' Fore at Survey Of' IJ'1dia durinc' 1981 -8:2

and 198.2..,.8Jo This does not · indicate a prosperous

situation with respect to the grow:ine stock in the

plz.nta tions.

In general. t~e plantations in Darjecline

DiviSion have better vo1ume content compared to

tha t of Ke:.l.impong Division. Nearly 57 .1~3iJ of' the

to 'l;a1 plantation a~'ea in Darjec~ing Divi.sion i.e •

.549.5086 b&. contain poorly stocked p1antations. The

figure f'or Kalimpong Division ie 56031~ i~eQ 5378.23 hEJctare. The p1an tntiona 01' St.1'ntulll-I :1.11 KH.li.mpona

Division nrc eroded and its avorage ,r01umo per

hectare is on~y 103 m3 wbich is quite low .. The

rigure ror Darjeeline Division is 198 m3 /ha. The

volume cOP'lPosition of' sorno of' the plantati.ons

in $trstum-V in Da~jecling Division indicates that

those arc stockod wi tb. f'airly hiCh number of stems/ho.

Tho condition is also the same in Stratum-IV in

Darjeoling Division. In Ka1impong Division a1so

some plantntions in' Stratum-IV are overS tocl:ed

sugges ting z:err>ovv.l of' stands by thin!ting ..

Detailed study of' volume and stem distribution/

ha. i.ll various stratum f"or Darjaeling and Kal.:iL'1pOno$

Divisions are summarised below:-

- 79 -

DAR~ELINr. DIVISION

- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

StratulIl \</011 Btoc .... od Bren

Poor1y ~tockod

area in ho"

Av", Av.vol. 5 tom/lin. stems/ per hOG ~n wel1 hu 0 !J toc~~ed

SlCI.ll/hc..o l.n POOl'J.y s t.ocked Drea

I

II

III

IV V

I:

II

Il'I:

III

V

:In ha.

467.79

795048

633.40

905057 1231h70

274 .. 74

1193.22

743 .. 56 1303.1 4

1931 .20

190

340 300' 480

360

nrea ------198.306 288

177 .. 86 555 104 .. 26 435

86.79' 760

)0 .. .564 71 2

8(-

166·

193

217

115

- ~- -

KALDIPONG DIVISION

11,!iB .. all

6)0.73 976.18

1795,,15

68) ol.e 11,1 (' .. )6

656.1.18

1 !i92. 71

1529.20

- - - - - - - - - -

120

160

260

1~0()

320

102.67'

1)2.f;G{' 251

87.451 450 108.659 69'1

113.91'5 q76

120

!) I,

1)5

2)1

1 f2

The above tab10s indicate that pl.antaL:l.on~

in stretum IV & V in ICv~impong division have better

gro," th compared to tbat of Darjee1ing eli vision,

whereDs the [ ,'t'oHth and stock 01: p1antations ~n

Stratum I, II & III are better in Da rjeeling

Division. In Kalimpong division Stratum-IV repre!"Cln ts

moro than 21% of' the total. we11 stockocl. aroa. Thou("h ,. the number of' stems per hactare in stratum IV & ,r in

Kal~D1pong Division :is ~ess tban Darjoelins'?' yet the

vo1wne per hectare in tnese two strata in K",~it."pon .f"

Division is hiF-her due to bettor height erowth p~d

stem deve1'Opment. In D'nr"jeel.ing Division. Stratum-'I

represents more thElJil :lJ% of' the total. \;I'el.1. stocked

orea and stratum IV 22~ of the total. we 1.1. stocked

p1a ntati.ons·. In 0 nutshe~l tho distribution of' wc1.1.

stocked ' . ' poor1y stocl<:cd p1.antations as 'I-~ of tota~

pl.antation area of' · the said :fo~~E's t d.:l.visions are es ' ::J" ' " "';

under:-

80 -

Divisions I

Darjee1ing 63 wal.l. stocked area.

r'oorl.y stocked 37 area.

Kal.impong we11 stocked area

Poorl.y stocked 100 area ..

- - - - - -Stratum{area II III

l~O 1:6

60 54

l~5 119

55 51

- - - -in <)

IV " . 1,1 39

59 61

:38 5"

62 1~6

It transpiraf; C l:eRr1y l'rom above tUb:!.e that

many area S E'.re poorl.y 8 tock_?d in both Dar je e1ing &.

l:al.impone Di.visions; In l{a~imponr: Divisi.on tlH~re

is hard1y any F.ood p1antation in Stratul:I-I.

It is :f'owld froDl the present study thD t

,vo,l.umu incl'ement in ll~c p1f\ntation~ Is vnJ:-yinr rJ.'cm

"2_50 to "0::35 mJ/ha. per lll1nuJU G This dot:os not

i.ncl.ude the intermediate removal. from the plantations

mC'·de from time to titr.e _ l-!any pl.nntations have been

eroded on account of" removal. of" trees due to il.licit

f 'el.1ine and wh:lcb CUn not' be accounted t'or

c n~cul.o. tina t.he incrolllon t of gro1.lI:1.nc ,.. tor. k"

-81-

a :r Tl L TOG HAP IT Y

10 Study at' ~ho Forust I:'osnUX'co8 ()f" Dol·jeo.linl~

Foroct D~v~o10ni Part-III V1~ntDt~on.

Plllnning ~\ S to tJ 8t.lca 1 Co 11" Ohio1" C()nsu J'vl t.OI·

or 1I'orQ"L~I. v(()~t f1ungol..

:!.. A study or tho Foroet noeourcoe or. ICnlimponlf

l"orao t Divi. eion, Part-III Pll'.mtH t:l ana.

Planning & Statistic~l Cell, Chief Conserv&tor

Of ForestfJ. t{ eat Dencal •

!J. Tenth ~lorki.ng Plan for the Darjeeling Forost

Division(llart II nnd Appendices XV to XX);

Northern Circle 1967-6t? to 1976-77. Governr.-,en t

Of Vest Dengal, Directornte Of Forests.

1. 0 ,Dro:Ct VIII th l'1orl<:.int.:'; Plan for thu Klllimponc. .. ,.. , "r" }o'oroet D:i.vj_sion, 'West Bonea~.

5. Draft Y.Ith tforkinp,' Plan f'or tho DO::t'jo~line Fores t

Di vi s ion. 11 cst non gal. 0

6. Centenary cO~Mcmorntion. vol.ume

Forests, 1,961 ••

We st Bcn~al

7. J...oct'.l vo1.ume tablo :f'or plantati.on species in

Northern Cix'cle Hest Beneal

A.S.~nsnri, 1971.

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MAP OF INDIA SHOWING PROJECT AREA IN D~RJEELlNG a KALIMPONG DIVISION'

WEST BENGAL SCALE:- I : 15,000,000

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DRAWN BY- Suman Bhat,achar1ya. 01._ II' 9'198!S

ORIENTATION OF PLOT IN PLANTATION SURVE Y sEttcfioR BY RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD

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DRAWN BY - Suman B"attachar1JG Dt._ 12· 9'1985

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