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Simple Science Wonderful Science
- Nikhilesh Iyer (Nisarg) Scientific Officer - D
Bhabha Atomic Research CentreFounder: www.asanvigyan.in
Individual Social Responsibility
Hello and Welcome dear students and teachers of East Point School, Delhi
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51 A (h) To develop the
scientific temper, humanism
and the spirit of Inquiry and Reform
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Scientific Temper&
Spirit of Rational Inquiry
Humanism&
Spirit of Educational Reform
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Covid Crisis #Scientifically Aatmanirbhar Practical Toolkit
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Scientific Temper and the Scientific MethodScientific Temper and the Scientific Method
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Mindful individual: Mindful individual: Independent thinkingIndependent thinking
free of fear & prejudice free of fear & prejudice
Channelized flow:Channelized flow:Having a direction Having a direction to focus and finishto focus and finish
Satyamev Jayate:Satyamev Jayate:Rebel for rationality!Rebel for rationality!
Deep Determination: Deep Determination: Having joyful commitment & Having joyful commitment & patience to survive hard timespatience to survive hard times
Alertness and awareness: Alertness and awareness: Feeling a sense of Feeling a sense of
responsibility & urgency!responsibility & urgency!
Sci-5 Sci-5 Panje-ka-Funda Panje-ka-Funda
for becoming a for becoming a
SuperSuperScientistScientist
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Humanism: Humanism: You are the universe experiencing itself You are the universe experiencing itself
as a conscious human being! as a conscious human being! - Alan Watts- Alan Watts
Scientific Insight: Earth is a pale blue dot,
A speck of dust suspended in a sunbeam!
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START HERE...
...FILL IT UP...
...AND FLOURISH !
...BECOME ALIVE...
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https://asanvigyan.in/2019/12/13/the-map-of-multi-dimensions/
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Do it yourself Do it yourself Experiment:Experiment:
1) Take 1) Take vinegar or vinegar or
lemon juice in lemon juice in one glassone glass
2) Take baking 2) Take baking soda or soap soda or soap
water in water in another glassanother glass
3) Add 3) Add turmeric: See turmeric: See what happens!what happens!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9KkEnYm5e5A
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8HB5RYQIYs
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https://asanvigyan.in/2018/02/16/gamification-of-assessment-a-collaborative-non-zero-sum-game-approach-towards-chemistry/
PHYSICAL CHANGES: SOLID, LIQUID AND GAS
Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; everything else is opinion. - Democritus
Epicureans believed that senses also relied on atoms. Every object was continually emitting particles from itself that would then interact with the observer. All sensations, such as sight, smell, or sound, relied on these particles. e.g. red particles were not themselves red but were emitted in a manner that caused the viewer to experience the colour red.
Philosophical origins of materialism: Greece
A brief history of chemistryPhilosophical origins of materialism: India
Scientific and Rational EmpiricismThe founder of Lokāyata philosphy, Brihaspati, posited that the world itself and all material objects of the world are real. A human being is built up of the four elements. When they die the earthly in them returns and relapses to the earth, the fluid to the water, the heat to the fire, the wind to the air, and their faculties pass into space. Fools and wise alike, on the dissolution of the body, are cut off, annihilated, and after death they are not. - Ajita Kesakambali (~ 6th century BC)
http://www.carvaka4india.com/2011/12/lokayata.html#
Drawing of Brihaspati Artistic depiction of Ajita Kesakambali
http://apnabanaras.blogspot.com/2014/02/banarasi-paan.html ; https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2018/05/15/mind-or-matter-how-consciousness-in-the-universe-could-be-eternal/ https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-amitabh-bachchan-don-song-khaike-paan-banaras-wala-written-for-dev-anand-banarasi-babu-449860https://www.indianhealthyrecipes.com/rice-kheer-recipe-chawal-ki-kheer/ ; https://with-omraam.com/blog/prayer-to-the-angels-of-the-four-elements/
Perhaps the most philosophically sophisticated
position of Indian Materialism is the assertion that even human consciousness is a
material construct. The same is being tested and
asserted by modern neuroscience as a phenomenon of emergence of
consciousness due to collective neuro-biochemical activities.
Paan RedTongue
Ingredients
Basic elements Conscious beings
Adherents of the school of philosophy founded by Kanada considered the atom to be indestructible, and hence eternal. They believed atoms to be minute objects invisible to the naked eye. Vaiseshikas further held that atoms of same substance combined with each other to produce dvyanuka (diatomic molecules) and tryanuka (triatomic molecules). Kanada also put forward the idea that atoms could be combined in various ways to produce chemical changes in presence of other factors such as heat. He gave blackening of earthen pot and ripening of fruit as examples of this phenomenon.
The philosopher's stone is a legendary alchemical substance capable of turning base metals such as mercury into gold. It is also called the elixir of life, useful for rejuvenation and for achieving immortality; for many centuries, it was the most sought goal in alchemy. The philosophers' stone was the central symbol of the mystical terminology of alchemy, symbolizing perfection at its finest, enlightenment, and heavenly bliss. Efforts to discover the philosophers' stone were known as the Magnum Opus ("Great Work")
Alchemy : The “Magical” Medieval Chemistry
The equivalent of the philosophers' stone in Buddhism and Hinduism is the Cintamani. It is also referred to as Paras/Parasmani The most commonly mentioned properties are the ability to ● Transmute base metals into gold or silver● Heal all forms of illness and prolong the life of any person who consumes
small part of philosopher's stone diluted in wine● Creation of perpetually burning lamps ● Transmutation of common crystals into precious stones and diamonds,● Reviving of dead plants ● Creation of flexible or malleable glass● The creation of a clone or homunculus
The more general name for the Indian science of alchemy or proto-chemistry is Rasaśāstra, or "The Science of Mercury" Early Indian alchemical texts discuss the use of prepared forms of mercury or cinnabar. Many plant extracts were used and tested for medicinal properties. Chyawanprasha is one of the traditional rasayanas. Specific adaptogenic herbs are also included in rasayanas including haritaki, neem, amla, shilajit, ashwaganda, holy basil-Tulsi, guduchi and shatavari.
https://www.vitiligolanka.com/rasayana_ayurveda.htm
http://links-pavan.blogspot.com/2012/07/metallurgy-of-ancient-indian-iron-and-s.html
Lost wax process for Casting of bronze in Tamil NaduLost wax process for Casting of bronze in Tamil Nadu
Agaria-tribal iron smelters and forgers, Agaria-tribal iron smelters and forgers, Jharkhand; the makers of Ashoka PillarJharkhand; the makers of Ashoka Pillar
In the late 8th century, Jābir ibn Hayyān introduced a new approach to alchemy, based on scientific methodology and controlled experimentation in the laboratory, in contrast to the ancient Greek and Egyptian alchemists whose works were often allegorical and unintelligible, with very little concern for laboratory work. The seeds of the modern classification of elements into metals and non-metals could be seen in his chemical nomenclature. He proposed three categories:- "Spirits" which vaporise on heating, like arsenic (realgar, orpiment), camphor, mercury, sulfur, sal ammoniac, and ammonium chloride.- "Metals", like gold, silver, lead, tin, copper, iron, and khar-sini (Chinese iron)- Non-malleable substances, that can be converted into powders, such as stones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan
Alchemy : The “Magical” Medieval chemistry
From “magical” alchemy to “muggle world” of atomsAntoine Lavoisier, who is also considered as father of modern chemistry, changed the chemical science from a qualitative to a quantitative one. He discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. (Conservation of mass)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier
STIOCHIOMETRY & MOLE CONCEPT!https://www.nuclear-power.net/laws-of-conservation/law-of-conservation-of-matter/ http://www.sliderbase.com/spitem-42-1.html
The turning point in the history of chemistry: Karlsruhe Conference (1860)● The very first international scientific conference was held in Karlsruhe, Germany on
Sept. 3, 1860. ● The actual idea to organize the conference originated with August Kekulé, a young
German chemist in his 30s who first proposed that carbon is tetravalent. Kekulé discussed the possibility of the conference with a young French chemist named Adolphe Wurtz. They approached a German chemist in Karlsruhe named Karl Weltzien.
● Karlsruhe was near the Black Forest, a very desirable holiday destination during that era.
● Despite the short notice, some 140 scientists traveled from across Europe—and even from as far away as Mexico—to attend the symposium. Recognizable names such as Robert Bunsen, of the now-famous burner, and Emil Erlenmeyer, who developed the omnipresent flask, Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer were in the audience.
● When the 1860 conference began, chemistry was in a total state of disarray! ● There were 17 proposed formulas for the acetic acid. Participants broke into groups to
discuss contentious issues, such as stoichiometry or representation of molecular formulas, and then they would return to the plenary hall to share their deliberations.
http://allperiodictables.com/AAEpages/aaeKarlsruheCongress.html
https://www.chemistryviews.org/details/ezine/11149411/The_Periodic_System_between_Chemistry_and_Physics.html
Indivisible “Atoms” were broken by the power of Physics!
JJ Thomson, who discovered electron, was mentor of E Rutherford who discovered Proton, who then mentored J Chadwick, who discovered neutron! All three won a nobel prize.
http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/inorganic-chemistry/spectral-lines.html
Neils Bohr
https://medium.com/@Intlink.edu/a-timeline-of-atomic-models-cb2607b1da85
J Dalton’sIndivisible sphere
Model (1808)
J J Thompson’sPlum PuddingModel (1904)
N Bohr’sPlanetary Orbit
Model (1916)
E Rutherford’sCentral Nucleus
Model (1911) E Schrodinger’sQuantum Mechanical
Model (1926)
http://www.mysteryofmatter.net/Periodic_Table.html
The greatest puzzle ever solved by humankind: Modern periodic table and nature chemical bond between elements
Novel methods of Chemistry Education
using Card GamesObjective of www.asanvigyan.in - Make learning chemistry interesting and easy- Develop new methods of learning and assessment- Remove the fear of the periodic table- To scientifically assess and develop methods of science education!
Novel methods of Chemistry Education using Card Games
https://www.flipkart.com/fundo-chemistry-card-games-vace-valency-elements/p/itm864b024143761
The ABC of
--> https://sciencedidi.com/
The human civilization and the “Age of the Elements”: Mastering the art of physical and chemical changes
Stone Age
Copper AgeBronze Age
Iron AgeAluminium AgeAlloy Steel Age
Silicon Age
Polymer Age
Nuclear & Rare Earth Electronics Age
Mining, chiselling and shaping (Not much chemistry knowledge available)Pyro-metallurgy(extracting and purifying metals using fire; Blast Furnace and retort furnace, reduction using coal and coke)Electro-metallurgy (Extracting and purifying metals using electricity; Electric Arc Furace and Electrolytic Reduction)
Organic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (Fractional Distillation of petroleum, Heterogeneous Catalysis)Hydrometallurgy, co-ordination chemistry and Separation Sciences(Extracting metals using acid or base, purification using organic solvent and polymeric resins to ultra high purity)
Design thinking and learning using Witblox; Join the Maker
Community and earn Witcoins!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMQ4uNTClM8&feature=youtu.be
https://witblox.com/
How to conserve Heat using
Zero-Whistle Method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJw1XYt30Tw
Conserves heat, reduce gas use,
Save energy and fuel!
Whistle = Loss of heat and water
Zero whistle = No loss of heat, Save gas fuel !
On Zooming into the “White” LED mobile screen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRwFO60j_uY
Micro Cosmoshttps://asanvigyan.in/asan-vigyan-a-collaborative-non-zero-sum-game-approach-to-science-education/microcosmos/
Aatmanirbhar: Wealth from waste
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G63Wjva_KSU&t=4s
New social challenge as Managing our own household waste
as our Individual and collective social responsibility
Segregation of wet and dry waste: Enable Recycling!Compost wet waste and make fertilizer!
Recycle plastic!
Chemistry: From Lab to industries (How to scale things up ?)
An example of Electronic Waste Recycling
https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/indias-toxic-eiffel-towers-we-produce-2-million-tonnes-of-e-waste-every-year-and-the-new-regulations-arent-helping-deal-with-it/article22429947.ece
The e-waste problem of IndiaThe e-waste problem of India
https://www.slideshare.net/Hemanthkoundinya/e-waste-management-84345907
India generated about 10 lakhs tonnes of e-waste in 2019 and the same is expected to increase by about 20% every year! More than 95% e-waste is processed informally using unscientific and hazardous process leading to air, water and soil pollution!
Air Pollution: Burning of e-waste for volume reduction causes toxic fumes and dust Water pollution: Toxic heavy metal value in e-waste like Lead (Pb) can leach out into the river --> absorbed by algae --> Consumed by fishes --> Humans (Bio-accumulation of heavy metals)Land pollution: Polychlorinated bisphenyl plastic parts of the e-waste can form small particulates and causes soil pollutionUnhealthy working condition and underpaid informal labour exposed to higher risks of respiratory diseases and even cancer!
https://theconversation.com/electronic-waste-is-recycled-in-appalling-conditions-in-india-110363 https://www.franchiseindia.com/content/How-to-make-money-out-of-E-waste.5952
But the good news is....Formal E-waste Recycling is catching up! E-waste is wealth provided we segregate and send to formal recyclers! In terms of value, formal e-waste recycling industry is expected to touch Rs 125,000 crores by 2020.How to make e-waste of value ? Let’s invoke some modern alchemy!
Chemistry: Lab to Industry: e- Waste to wealth● Copper started as an e-waste and a toxic pollutant● Got dissolved in an acid along with impurities● Got separated from impurities and purified by metal selective resin● Removed from resin using a pure acid solution● Precipitated out and heat treated to become high purity pure CuO
nanoparticle with versatile applications● Market price for CuO NPs ~ Rs 12000/kg !● Recyclers approached for BARC technology transfer
– Team: (Hydrometallurgy Section, BARC) Dr Ritesh Ruhela; Mr Nikhilesh Iyer ; Mrs Chitrarekha Limje; Mr Manoj Yadav & Ms Madhavi Vartak
Anti-microbial coatings
Facile fabrication of PCBsCatalyst for rocket launchers
Electrochemical gas sensors Electrochemical storage devices
https://www.lap-publishing.com/catalog/details/store/gb/book/978-3-8454-3099-7/carbon-nanotube-film-for-electrochemical-energy-storage-devices https://www.intechopen.com/books/electrochemical-sensors-technology/electrochemical-sensors-for-monitoring-of-indoor-and-outdoor-air-pollution
https://www.isro.gov.in/launchers
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schematic-representation-of-antimicrobial-activity-of-copper-nanoparticles-against_fig1_259201491
High Surface Area; Semiconductor with Eg ~ 2 eV
Oxidative catalyst, Stable in atmosphere
Anti-microbial, anti-viral
Versatile Applications of CuO nanoparticles
