Crocodile Crack 37.31

Raveling 37.31

Block Crack 1.58

Longitudinal 7.40

Transverse 1.25

Delamination 0.35

Potholes 0.30

Patch 1.15

Edge Break 0.04

Total = 86.68%

From the analysis above showing that the most of the cracks are crocodile cracks and

ravelling, we can conclude that the road pavement has been gone through a heavy

burden that the structure cannot be support. Unlike surface-level asphalt damage,

fatigue cracking is almost always caused by problems beneath the asphalt, in the

underlying layers. the main cause of crocodile cracks are when they have gone

through conditions as above:-

1. Excessive loading

a. Those vehicle which is not allowed to be on certain kind of road due to

the load of the vehicle has been exceeded the allowable laod for the

particular design.

2. Weak surface, base, or sub-grade

b. A weak surface and material was used in the pavement caused the

pavement cannot withstand the stress that is expected to overcome.

3. Thin surface or base

c. a thin wearing and sub-coarse will tend to easily lost its durability of

it's own when it gone through all kinds of situation such as weathering,

excessive loading and also weak surface of the pavement.

The other highest percentage of defects on the road is ravelling condition. This

condition happened due to when there is lose of bonding between the aggregate

particles and also the asphalt binder anf this will caused the coating on the dusty

aggregate, aggregate segregation, inadequate compaction during construction and

mechanical dislodging by certain types of condition and traffic that might be occur in

daily life. All these situation might caused the further failure of the pavement

structure in the future. Lack of sufficient material required during construction or

during designing calculation will also resulted to the failure of pavement structure.

Ravelling may be looks alike like a small potholes and when the ravelling condition

getting serious, it will resulted into a potholes that might cause more harm for the

vehicle on the road and endanger the life of road user.

Crocodile

Crack

Interconnectin

g or interlaced

cracking in the

asphalt layer.

The cell size

can vary in

size up to 300

mm.

• Asphalt

pavement

distress

instigated

by sub-

base

failure,

poor

drainage

and

repeated

overloadin

g.

Block Crack Interconnected

crack that

divided the

pavement into

rectangular

piece. The

• Hot mix

asphalt

shrinkage

and

temperatu

re cycling

block range

size can range

from 0.1 m2 to

9m2 .

are the

major

cause of

the block

cracking.

The

asphalt

binder

was

unable to

expand

can

contract

due to

asphalt

binder

aging and

poor

choice of

asphalt

binder in

the mix of

design.

Raveling The

progressive

disintegration

of the hot mix

asphalt layer

(HMA) as a

result of

dislodgement

of aggregate

particles.

• Loss of

bonding

between

aggregate

particles

and the

asphalt

binder as

a result of

coating on

dusty

aggregate,

aggregate

segregatio

n,

inadequat

e

compactio

n during

constructi

on and

mechanica

l

dislodging

by certain

types of

traffic.

Delaminatio

n

Respected

roads was loss

large discrete

area of the

wearing coarse

layer, usually

this failure is

conjunction

with a clear

delineation of

the wearing

coarse from

the layer

below.

• Inadequat

e cleaning

during

constructi

ng the

road

• Inadequat

e tack

coat

before

placing

upper

layer

• Seepage

of water

through

asphalt

resulting

in the

breaking

of the

bind

between

surface

and layer

below

• Adhesion

of surface

binder to

the tires

of

vehicles

Potholes Hole break of

road

pavement.

Pothole

usually

accompany

with crocodile

crack.

• The

presence

of the

water in

the

underlyin

g soil

structure

and the

presence

of traffic

passing

over the

affected

area.

When the

water was

introduced

into the

underlyin

g soil

structure

it will

weaken

the

supporting

soil. After

this area

has been

affected

traffic

flow will

break the

poorly

supported

asphalt

surface.

Continued

traffic

action will

ejects

both

asphalt

and the

underlyin

g soil

material

to create a

hole in the

pavement.

Patch

A portion of

new hot mix

asphalt overlay

an old

pavement.

Normally this

is due to

treating

distress in

localized area

• Treating

the local

distress on

the

pavement.

During

the

treating

process

the cold

mix

asphalt

was

introduce

to repair

the

distress on

the

pavement.

Summary

The defects on the road pavement may caused by all kinds of possible cause such as

human error or affected by the environmental. This shows that a ideal pavement have

to be conducted to perfect and design for more as what engineer always did. A defect

road pavement may endanger the life of the road user on the road and also may harm

the vehicle on the road. Vehicle may resulted to get a tyre puncture when they pass

through potholes and edge-breaks condition. This is not an ideal condition for the road

user on the road to face it everyday. The most common defects on the road might be

crocodile cracks and might be resulted in bumpy condition for the road user and

caused discomfort condition to the road user, uneven road surface pavement may also

harm the vehicle by affecting the shock absorber to get spoiled due to too bumpy

surface on the road. An ideal road pavement might be save a lot of hassle for the road

user and the road maker, and also save the money for the road user by spoiling their

car and for the authority to resurface the road pavement or reconstruct it as the money

is not necessary to spend on a poor design by the previous designer or contractor that

construct the road.