OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 6–9 May 2013 OET Nautilus Workshop...
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OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 6–9 May 2013 AT25-04: Hydrogeologic, Geochemical, and Microbiological Experiments in Young Oceanic Crust of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean Using Subseafloor Observatories S. Cooper 1 , A. T. Fisher 2 , and NSF co- PIs 3 1 Consortium for Ocean Leadership 2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Department and Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations University of California, Santa Cruz 3 K. Becker, J. Clark, J. Cowen, C. G. Wheat
OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 6–9 May 2013 OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 6–9 May 2013 AT25-04: Hydrogeologic,
OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 69 May
2013 OET Nautilus Workshop University of Rhode Island, ISC 69 May
2013 AT25-04: Hydrogeologic, Geochemical, and Microbiological
Experiments in Young Oceanic Crust of the Northeastern Pacific
Ocean Using Subseafloor Observatories S. Cooper 1, A. T. Fisher 2,
and NSF co-PIs 3 1 Consortium for Ocean Leadership 2 Earth and
Planetary Sciences Department and Center for Dark Energy Biosphere
Investigations University of California, Santa Cruz 3 K. Becker, J.
Clark, J. Cowen, C. G. Wheat
Slide 2
Most of the seafloor is hydrogeologically active modified from
Ge et al. (2003); Fisher (2005)
Slide 3
Seafloor hydrogeology influences... the physical state and
evolution of the crust and mantle, including volatile cycling at
subduction zones; the chemical evolution of the oceans; heat loss
and the thermal evolution of Earth; and development and evolution
of remarkable biological communities, both on and within the crust.
Focus of this expedition: seafloor hydrothermal circulation
Slide 4
The upper oceanic crust is a global- scale aquifer A permeable
aquifer
Slide 5
Overview of CORK subseafloor observatories Created by Stephanie
Keske, IODP Expedition 327 Department of Visualization, Texas A
& M University
Slide 6
Post-drilling CORK servicing with ROV Hydrogeology,
Geochemistry, Microbiology Following IODP Expedition 327, CORK
servicing accomplishing by ROV in Summer 2011 (very successful!)
Deploy long-term well-head OsmoSampling systems to collect fluids,
run microbiology incubation experiments Deploy long-term well-head
OsmoSampling systems to collect fluids, run microbiology incubation
experiments Extract, collect, filter, analyze samples from
well-heads using active pumping systems Extract, collect, filter,
analyze samples from well-heads using active pumping systems Deploy
flowmeter and open large-diameter valve to allow measured free-flow
of hydrothermal fluids, create pressure perturbation, collect
samples Deploy flowmeter and open large-diameter valve to allow
measured free-flow of hydrothermal fluids, create pressure
perturbation, collect samples Expedition AT25-04 (Summer 2013) is
designed to "wrap up" initial phase of single-hole and multi-hole
experiments through sampling, data downloads, perturbation of
experimental systems Expedition AT25-04 (Summer 2013) is designed
to "wrap up" initial phase of single-hole and multi-hole
experiments through sampling, data downloads, perturbation of
experimental systems
Slide 7
CORK Observatory System in Operation!
Slide 8
Planning for 2013 (AT25-04) and beyond ROV Jason Download
pressure data Exchange flowmeter ExchangeOsmoSamplers Recover GeoM
sled Summer 2013 Large EOC effort planned (5-6 participants)
Slide 9
Education, Outreach, Communication IODP 327, AT18-07, AT25-04
Numerous web conferences (schools, museums) Numerous web
conferences (schools, museums) EOC and scientist blogs EOC and
scientist blogs Adopt-a-Microbe program Adopt-a-Microbe program
Podcasts, videos, photography Podcasts, videos, photography
Curriculum development, museum displays Curriculum development,
museum displays High-band-width "tele- presence" with OET/URI!
High-band-width "tele- presence" with OET/URI! pore Orcutt et al.
(2011)
Slide 10
Acknowledgements Collaborators from ODP Leg 168, IODP
Expeditions 301 and 327, numerous R/V Atlantis expeditions during
2004-11+ Collaborators: Funding, leadership: Thank you! Ship
operators, crew, techs:
Slide 11
Seafloor hydrothermal circulation is the passage of warm (or
hot) water through rock of the oceanic crust; generally a result of
heating from below, although it can also occur immediately adjacent
to newly-erupted magma; partly responsible for making the ocean
"salty"; thought likely to have occurred very early in Earth
history - and may occur on other planetary bodies in our solar
system. This presentation explores large-scale, ridge-flank
hydrothermal systems (in contrast to "black smokers")
Slide 12
Ridge-flank hydrothermal systems are subtle but important far
from the magmatic and thermal influence of seafloor spreading;
fluid temperatures are often ~5-30C, so systems are hard to detect;
driving force is heat rising slowly from deep inside the Earth, not
active volcanism; result in huge fluid flows, chemical impacts less
well understood; may help to support vast, subseafloor ecosystems
(thermal and other conditions are optimal).
Slide 13
Eastern Flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge Hydrogeology,
Geochemistry, Microbiology Focus on active ridge-flank processes to
address these questions: What are the magnitude and nature
(distribution, extent of channeling) of permeability in crustal
fluid-rock systems, variations, scaling (temporal, spatial)? What
are the magnitude and nature (distribution, extent of channeling)
of permeability in crustal fluid-rock systems, variations, scaling
(temporal, spatial)? What are the magnitudes and directions of
driving forces, fluid fluxes, and associated solute, heat, and
microbial transport? What are the magnitudes and directions of
driving forces, fluid fluxes, and associated solute, heat, and
microbial transport? What are the magnitude and nature of storage
properties, variations with fluid pressure, scaling (temporal,
spatial)? What are the magnitude and nature of storage properties,
variations with fluid pressure, scaling (temporal, spatial)? What
are relations between fluid flow, vertical and horizontal
compartmentalization, microbiological communities, seismic
properties, alteration, structure, and primary crustal lithology?
What are relations between fluid flow, vertical and horizontal
compartmentalization, microbiological communities, seismic
properties, alteration, structure, and primary crustal lithology?
How large are distinct fluid reservoirs, what are fluid residence
times and fluid velocities, and how do these respond to transient
events and processes (tides, seismic events)? How large are
distinct fluid reservoirs, what are fluid residence times and fluid
velocities, and how do these respond to transient events and
processes (tides, seismic events)? Center for Dark Energy Biosphere
Investigations (C-DEBI) Site Review, 2013: Fisher, Juan de Fuca
Ridge Flank Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations
(C-DEBI) Site Review, 2013: Fisher, Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank
modified from Fisher, Tsuji et al. (2011) Primary field
locations
Slide 14
New borehole observatories installed in 2010 IODP Expedition
327: Site 1362 Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations
(C-DEBI) Site Review, 2013: Fisher, Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank Center
for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) Site Review,
2013: Fisher, Juan de Fuca Ridge Flank Instrument and sampling bays
Microbiologist for scale
Slide 15
Started Summer 2010 IODP Exp. 327 First controlled measurement
of water, solute particle velocity! modified from Fisher et al.
(2011)