Upload
others
View
0
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
������������ �����������
Fold structures and basal fault of the Upper Cretaceous Tochiya
Formation in the northeastern Kanto Mountains
����*
Shirou Chikashige*
Abstract : Geological structures of the Upper Cretaceous Tochiya Formation, once
regarded as one of the member of the Atokura Nappe, were carefully investigated in
order to clarify the geotectonic evolution of the the Yorii-Ogawa area in the northeast-
ern Kanto Mountains. A macroscopic overturned anticline verging northward was
recognized as well as upright folds. Their axes trend N2*��2/�W and plunge /��+*�.A basal thrust between the allochthonous Tochiya Formation and the underlying
Mikabu greenstones cuts the fold structures and exhibits fault-rock fabrics, suggesting
a top to the north sense of shear. These evidences for the northward movement
suggest that the Tochiya Formation in the study area was a di#erent nappe from the
southward-verging Atokura Nappe of the type locality.
Key words : Tochiya Formation, Atokura Nappe, overturned fold, basal fault, paleocurrent
����
������������������� ���������� ��������������������� !"#$�%!���&��'�(% ��)*��+,��-.�/0���1� 23#� 456789: �;<=3>?� @Fig. +A @������ +33, ; �;B��$CDEFGHIJK�LB� +33/AM N3#���&�'��OPQ���������R��� S�TU�/V!"W#VXY�N3ZV�$[�\](^_3>?� @%�`"�+3/- ; ab`"� +30-� +300 ; �c`"� +31* ; ���+312 ; �d� +313 ; e&�%f� +323ghAM +33*�ij"#� ,k�lmnP� 'o�� Sr(0�)pC*��YN3#��'��qr(+#"�=3s @�,� +32- ; t��e&� +323 ; e&�%f� +323 ; e&`"� +323 ; -��t�� +33* ; ������ +33+ ;
������ +33/ghAM =#�789�u./v�/v,�-.wx��y>0�1��/0�k1�gz2{F|(}~#3 @I���|`"� +33* ; �3� +33+ ; �3� +33/ ; Kobayashi, +330ghA� 456
789: ��#g-P�F��VX�56v�45���6�7�(8�=3>?� @ab�e&� +332AM��������56vk9v�=3�:;v @i
�� +3/.A �� ����56v�)�><�g=>(�g[7�-.�u./v�-.wxgh��?(�@1>?g?M ��� :;vAB��������V�����C(��!=>(��1� �'-.�D��EFg��(��1sM �\]V�� �b`"@+33*A ��Y�aG�=3�����[:;vAB���������1��1>� 7�-.����H��/v����D���?�^ysM 2� ¡� /�I¢£:;v�56v���g�¤2¥�E��789 @4:;789:A VX�N�(+#"�gys�V8���M
!�"#�$��%&'
���������'¦J§� Fig. ,�¨�M N���V�� �"#% ��)*��+,�� ��K ©ª,�� ��v� )*��+,���c��«¬�,� :;v� LM��,���v(AB1>?�M N3#�,���v�®��K ©ª,�� ��v��c��«¬�,� :;v�)*��+,��/�789�1>z21>¯s��&,�VXY� ���� ������°� 456789: �-P1>?
*
,***� 1± .�²NM ,***� ++± +/�²OM��!m!m³O´m\]µ�Om¶·Geography Major, Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Nihon University, -�,/�.* Sakurajosui,
Setgaya-ku, Tokyo +/0�2//*, Japan
-.�'� � ..¸� --�./� ,*** @Structural Geology, No. .., --�./, ,***A
¹ 33 ¹
� ������� +33,�� ��� � �������������������� �!��"#�+323�� WNW-ESE�$% N-S�$�!&'()*+�,-./0�12�3�4(56�(7���8
9��:;)�<0 ������� +33,�� <=� >?(�@0/�� A4B%��C �D�E;� +3/* ; FG� +3/. ; HIE;� +31* ; 3JE;� +33*� K��LIM3NO���PQ�� ,/+ Ma �H��
+32-� K�0� ,/,Ma �RM�SG� +33*� )�TUVW.� ��� �XY;:Z[��\������]&'()��%^_`a� �Hb� +313 ; �c�+32. ; ������ +33,�� >?(�� ��� d�=efd�g�6(;:<�hijklm)K� ������� +33,�� 6(n�g�;:�oUpq�rst�lm-3� uv-3Vw. ���E;� +33* ; D�E;� +33*�� xy.14zQ� Turonian{Cam-panian �=e| 3*{1.Ma� %}~:a/0� �����n�����s��������� +33/�� �1�>?(����3��s��35������V��/0� �Hb� +313 ; �c� +32.�� ���������� ���z�����)K�� �� s�¡¢��£s�m¤�,Q� /3.0 MaVW� ������� +33+�� ��(�� ¥¦���§���(%¨�;:<�©�()K�� �§���(���;:� ¨����=efd�;:<� ������� +33,�� ��(¨��ª��«��������� s�¡¢��£s�m¤�,Q� 0/..MaVW� � ��������%�(789V}��a¬� ��(�4zQ��oU��®�)K¯�%`a/0� ������� +33,���\�°¤s�± >?(��²� �. ������� +33,�� ³²�´��%µ��� �¶ ��� ��c� +32. ; ������ +33,�� �\�°¤s�±�&O�;: .*,Ma� K-ArQ ·:
Fig. , Geological outline of the Atokura Nappe in the
Yorii-Ogawa area. Simplified after Makimoto and Take-
uchi (+33,).
Fig. + Geological sketch map of the northern Kanto Mountains. Simplified after the Geological
Sheet Map + : ,**,*** “Nagano” (+332) and “Utsunomiya” (+33*) of the Geological Survey of Japan.
MTL : Median Tectonic Line. ISTL : Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line. TTL : Tanagura Tectonic Line.
¸¹º
» 34 »
���� ������� +33/��� ������������������������ ���!�"#��� ��$%&'()* ��� �+ �,-��.���� ���%� /�"��� 012345� ,-��.��012 �� �6 �7�� +33+�� ���� ��,-8�%9�:; �<=�7�� +332� %� 012345� >?@A5 � �B$� �� CDEFG�HIJ�%KL�MNO �� KL$�HIJ�%��P�:; ������� +33,� %QR��� ����S�T'������ ��U��9�VW<X��$QKL$YRZ� [\� ��Q]<�^2$_�?Z�`+��a��b%,-� c<d �� 0*Ma� ,-]']<d �+0Ma� �eYR�������� +33,� [\� � ��U��9� 3��$�fgKL�MNO �%KL$�� h��i�j,-k������l9����%�m.���� ������� +33,� .-�012345� � ��$�no���pq%9�:; ����+32.�� ��$�rsUno���tu�:; �vwJxyz,� +33* ; 6 � +33-�� ��$�{��,-| X\%9�:; �Kobayashi, +330� �� CDEFG�no���l9�%9�:; ���� +32. ; ������ +33/�� 012345� �}�~�* ���!""���#���l9�%�f:; ��
$�7�� +323� WR��� /�-��l������:�p������8�
������
�B$�� %!z, �+3/*� �?Z��$%&'.�� &$ �+3/.� ��(�U��X��B$%&'X\ 61z, �+31*� �.-��(�U��X��B$U���X� ��$���"!(���$ �<=z,� +30-� %�)X\ �B$��(��*����� h%*+�3,-��X�,-�U]<�%9�:; �3=z,� +33*� QR�b%U�.X�� ���Y�]�k!��Y/�� m$8�����!������U��\�B$�� ���{��� "������� R���012345� %/���7A�m$Y�X� �"� +�, km�0YWNW-ESE1 �� 2 km�¡¢8�(U£9 ����¤�X\]�k!���,k� - km�*�YRZ� �$�¥ ��(�1 ���Y N 1*¦�2*¦WYR� �Fig. -���� §¨©KLª2L��«3¬� KLª®¯����¯� �Fig. -�� ( b�����B$�� "�>?@��%Wm$�?���� CDEFG%�9�$ ° 2L��� ®¯��%W±²$!Y .**m
Fig. - Geological map of the western part of the Tochiya Formation. Modified after Makimoto
and Takeuchi (+33,).
³,2�",´!"!(��B$�/��!%µ2m$�!�� ¶ ..·
¸ 35 ¸
��� ������� 2** m����� ��� �������� +** m� ������������� +** m� ����������������� ,** m���� ������� !"�#$� �%&'(�)�$"�*� �+�,��-.���( /� 0%1��234�� 5678�34�� 9:;<8� � *�� ��� ��=$���>?:@8A<@B<8�"?,�%� CFig. +,
e� fD ��E� ����� C+33,D %F���=GH�I���JK%���> �*�*� �L�1MNO( +* cm���� PQ�9RS7TQ�U����� ����������� -* cmV, m����� - cmV,/ cm� ����%W�%�( / : +
��%������ ���H�X�(YZ�� ���%� � .!% +���M������������(!""� # � .!% -�����������(!"���[\$]�� ������������M����������%!"^�_��$%%`&��'Ha(�(b)��� [\$]%��"?������%��%*+H,c� 1defg�?(� 0 ��hR78i6T8� j-i6T8 Clongtitudal
scourD CCollinson & Thompson, +323D� klmTi6T8$� ����n.H/"?o,p�1qNErSW�s� CFig. .D� t%o,p��0u�v1C+312D %s�o,p ESErWNW Cw,D H2�� ,H2x"� ��Hyz����%���������{%�%3p� p|w� P*4�%5p� �67|%8}w%5pM~�9|������:$]�� ���%� � .!% +����
# � .!% -�����������(!"����������������;�R78H�)�<=(>?"�*�*?�fg��*� !"^#������ @�� ?a(�M~�%#�|%&'+A���
��������
+ �;�$^%���H�� ���Bp|��B7
|��67|(C��� CFigs. /&0D�[\$]�� � H!"����#=����������������H�����������#�|$� ������%����#��%�������� 0%# �������������|����%�����s�� D��0 � �Bp|%�E� #E���� t%p|%� +** m# H�B7|(C���� t%7|%#E� +** m�#�|�#��%������������ 0%# � /* m���FGHI� ���JK�� 0%# � -* m���|������ t �%�B8}% p�<9�;�����?8}w�� N 2*�W%3pH +*�:;m��� CFig. /bD� ��H# H� +* mL%@��(C��� CFig. +*D� t%@��# %~�� +,* m#�3p� ,** m%M<=��f������ CFig. 1D �PH������%5p�?O)���"?T��5 CFig. 3D� #=��<=��� +-* m#3��H� /* mN~%~*[O%�-� ¡¢ CN~� ,-* mD �� #�3p%~�� -V/ m%£¤+H� � ��# {��|����� 1qn.� #�|�#��{MP¥��������(fg��tM CFig. 2D ���67|(¦M�� �� t%�67|�� 1qQ§3p%5p#{RV'��|��8}w+�¨©� �E('�9��"� #E(R�9�|��Eª�� 2/�%!S�¨« CFig. 3D� >?� t%�68}%¬T!��� 2de%<=H#�������%®��� p
�<9�;�H=$��?8}w�� N 2/�W%3pH /�:;m��� CFig. /bD���:$] CFig. 0D ���!"^#¯��#3
+**V,** m%ª������(#�|�#������|����H���%� t%ªHp|(C���� ��#¯��#3� -/* mU°%$%���|(±²�H�$� .** m$%�1qn. C/�V1�ND H�$� � +* cmL%4�³l���E� + mL%@��HA��� @���#%� .* m�#�|����%��"?����������(?/� �Bp|#=��B7|%�E��´m�TH���VW���%%� �B7|%#E�µW��¶� CFig. 0bD� [\$]%8}·X��¦��t%�
Fig. . Restored paleocurrent directions on the over-
turned strata in the Tochiya Formation. Arrows show the
directions of paleocurrent.
`¸¹Y
º 36 º
�������� ����� ������������������� ������ ����������� !� "�#���������� ���$�%�& p'()*+, �-./01�2
34� 2*5W�6�# -57+89��&:;<=> ?Fig. -@ A�� BC�DEF�G�HI �����JK�����LM�NOP/& �Q� RS�TU ?+33,@ �� JV� -WXYZ�BC
Fig. / Route map in the qarry of the Sankyo area (a) (Locality showing in Fig. -), and cross section (b) along the A-B,C-D sections and attitudes of fold axis.
[\]=�\^_J_`abBC��23cd�efg�cd=h i ..j
k 37 k
������� .���� � ��������������������������� !,� � ��+� ��������"#$%&'� ��()*+,-./0� -./12345� ���6���7 ! 89:;<=>?@��A��*+,-./0 -./12345BCD�E'� N .2FW 1*FS&� -./12345�
GH .* m�IJK�LMNO�� ! -./12345 ���P/� BCD�E'89:;<=>?@�&'N 1.FW 2,FS&Q<� -./12345'H +* mR�IJK�LMNO�� !����S-./12345� BCD�'�TUV$%&WX&Y� ���Z/[\Z/]/^�G N .*FW 0,FSBCE&LMNOJ_`/�a7 ! LMNOJ_`/'���H .* mbc!
Fig. 0 Route map in the Gonotsubo area (a) (Locality showing in Fig. -), and cross section(b)along the A-B, C-D
sections and attitudes of fold axis.
defg
h 38 h
Fig. 2 Photographs of the outcrops of the southern limb of the overturned anticline in the
southern area of the Tochiya Formation. (a) Normal strata dipping north in the northern
part. (b) Subhorizontal normal strata in the middle part.
Fig. 1 Photograph of the outcrop of the southward dipping reverse beds, forming the northern limb
near the hinge of the overturned anticline in the southern area of the Tochiya Formation.
������������ ��������������� � ..�
� 39 �
����������� ���� ��������������� ��� !"#$%& '�� ��()* +* m+,�������������-�.* +/ cm�/0123456� 7N 2,8W
,+8S9 :;"# 7Fig. ++c9 <���% 7Fig. ++a� b9&56��=>?�* -* m@A:B%& /01C�DEFGH�I�JKLM:NO� PQ)�RSG�TUVWXYZ()� -K��?4 7top-to-
the-north9 [5\E]2^_`-56:N% 7Fig.
++d9& ab�/01c;_%��������N .*8E>?�56��]defEghE2iYZc_%XZ
jI��� �Qk��lmnopqg]r�TUVYZ�-K��?4\E]2^" 7Fig. ++e9� -s�tu]vweqxyQ�\E]cz{_%& ,)�P�| cmJ����������}~�c�H���234�YZ�56�����WX_% 7Fig. +,a�
b9& -K���6�����������������)Q% 7Fig. +,c� d9& ��`-56� N 108W 228S��� N 2-8E 118S�+��56:�)Q#$%&��`-56�����=>* -* m� * /* m� *
1* m� -���� ��() 0�+* m+,���,Q� /�,/ cm.�/01234�?���N 1*8�1/8W ,*8�,.8S�56:N% 7Fig. +-9& 56�-�]defEghE�56���?� -*8�.*8�� ¡O��¢"� JK�/01C�DEFGH�I�TUVWXYZ()-K�£¤NE>?�?4[5\E]2^_&�Q)� .���£¤¥z¦§�56�2¨©� 56���?�U"#�� ªO>?��¢_%>?�]defEghE2¨«`-56�� ��������-��%��6���56:N%c¬5,Q%&�,� �������
Fig. +* Fracture zone cutting the overturned north limb at To-- in the southern area of the Tochiya Formation.
The overturned strata dipping south in the right hand of fracture zone,the normal strata dipping north in the left
hand of fracture zone are observed. Bag in front of the outcrop for scale.
Fig. 3 Outcrop sketch showing the fold profile of the hinge part of the overturned anticline.
®¯°
± 40 ±
���������� ���� To--�� /
m���������� +* m������ !"�# ���$%� &� '(�)�*�+,-,./�012 N /.342*3W 0/3N 5Fig. +*6# ���$%�)&�)'(�)�*�+,-,./�012N0*3W /23N789:�� To--�;<����2# %� N 0.3W=>�
�� To-1?7@A�A9 5Fig. /a6: ?�# �� To--$�� To-1�B���� 5����CD2 N 003W
1*3S6 E�FGHIJ,K�L< S-CIMNOPQRSTU<9$# )& 5�V6 W=# & 5WV6 �=X�YZ�;�[U/$\]S^9 5Fig. +.6: �� _�# '(�)�*�`a/$ '(� �*�[b/�B�# '(�)�*�./�)'(�)�*�./�cdef�[U/�gh�ij�$\]S^9kl mn7o9:
Fig. ++ Outcrop of the basal fault of the Tochiya Formation. The hanging wall rock is conglomerate of the Tochiya Formation
and the footwall rock, Mikabu greenstone complex. � Whole view of the basal fault. Black line shows the fault trace. �Central part of the basal fault shown in (a). � Close-up view of the fault gauge zone of about +/ cm in width. � Asymmetric
imbrication structure made by crushed lens-shaped fragments,showing top-to-the-north shear. � XZ thin section of footwall
rock (Mikabu greenstone complex). Asymmetric epidote augen with asymmetric porphyroclast tails indicates top-to-the-north
shear (This is a s-type object of mantled porphyroclast (Passchier & Trouw, +330).
pq��)q�r�rstuvw/�xyz{$|}U/z{�~ � ..�
� 41 �
� �
+� ����������������� �� �������
������������������� !�"�#$��%&'(�����)*'
+,-�./0�12����.�.�3�4�25678��� 9:';<�=6>?+@A�BCDEFGHIJKLMN8OP�Q� R.ST�.U(28VWX�NEYSW�Z.[T+,� \]<��^;_`a�bc�� WX+CDNGMDdMN#efg_hij�k�lQ�6B ,� � ���������
Fig. +, Photomicrographs of textures near the basal fault. (a) and (b) show the recrystallizied texture in XZ thin section of
Mikabu greenstone complex (left : plane-polarized light and right : crossed nicols). Both s-type winged porphyroclasts in the
central part and anthetic o#set of displaced grains in lower right corner indicate the sense of the dextral share. (c) and (d) show
grain size reduction of quartzes in the matrix of conglomerate in XZ thin section in the Tochiya Formation (left : plane-polarized
light and right : crossed nicols). (e) and (f) show the protomylonitized granite pebble in the Tochiya Formation. The boundary
between granite pebble and the matrix is viewd left to lower right corner (left : plane-polarized light and right : crossed nicols).
=mno
p 42 p
������� ������ +,***m����� �������������������N 2/�W�� /������ !�� ���� N2*�W�� +*������ "��� "���#$� ����%� #&'(�)* + ,-��./� !��� �����01 �2)345678 �( 9:;�< =�>?)@�� AB�CDEF��G��� H *� N-S��I�JK> F��G��>L#$M-ENOP�- +"��Q>R"��S� !�N�D>.�< =�> @��AB� H *��� N-S��I�JK �T��U�#$M-ENOP�- + M�� < =�>?)@�� AB�CDEF��G���V�"��� "���I�JK �T��U�#$M-EW�XSH + � �� ,-��*Y- �$Z>?)���#$M-E�)S� �[;�!���\]^_�`�01'ab,N��cL(*+
-� ��������� ����defg��[;��h��ij�� �;�kl'(�mno;�� n���p��oq�r's�+ tE� o;uv��U��wx��yz����)QL� n��k{�|}�~���mno;���>L#$M-ENOP�- + M�� o;�n�� uv�� U� ��- ���E�#!����� |}������> ~�����(��� ��-(*��� ,-���#��X"h�#$M-ENOP�- +tE� ,�klo;�#z ��z$1#z�z�;�@� f�%��)* ,N �� "����&'�?)* ,N�� �HL� f;��%X'O'� Nf{o�� �Fig. /� �2)!��"��� "��'� N(oM- + ,�,N �� klo;���������#$���N*P + M�� ��n�����oq�r��[;�!��s��\]^_�`�����N )��H +!��¡!�E�&'� "o;������!��#$VNOP�- + ,�"o;Nklo;�������V¢£�*+�H �� klo;��������H?EN� (�¤� ,�o;¥¦S�[;NNS�� �@��)§EW�X�H +.� ������������������U¨,fh�©ª;b*)�� ��«¬�-�+332� >L E-W(*� ENE-WSW��'ab�\]^_�`�F��G��N�-'��MG "��� �( <.����'s�,N�+� (?)* + ,-®�)� ¯efh�� E-W��'abF��G��N"��� �( ���°j� �� F��G���\]^_�`��*)* ��±( +�[;�� ©ª;®/M-©ª²0;NM-)*
Fig. +. S-C structure in the fracture zone cutting the
overturned north limb of the Tochiya Formation. Arrows
show the sense of shear. Hummer circled for scale.
Fig. +- The another outcrop of the basal fault. Black line shows the fault trace. Toc : Conglomerate of the
Tochiya Formation Sm : Mikabu greenstone complex
¢1df�1³2n23´µ�[;�����Nklo;��f{ ¶ ..·
¸ 43 ¸
��� ���������������� ���������������������� ��������������� !���� "��#�$��%&'(�)*+���,-.���/�����01� +����23�456���7-8�9 �,�� ����01�����5:;�<=>?@A�BC,� +33* ; ��� +33-D� �������,-E����6�<= >Kobayashi� +330D F������ !=",-:;-8�G�#�� �HI*$-8������%&'(�)�"��#�$�%&JKLM'���G�#�(�)*+�9
� � �
+9 ����� *+,-,N'5, !O-������./�,-PQR8�SATU��5KVW�R8� NEXSW01�Y�15KV.Z,-��� 2�� 2���3�[�4E6�����W�R8�9 ������� ������������������\� ]�Q1�5O-����%&��^5-�+�9
,9 ����� 6�7_8`9�:a+��%&'(�)�;6<=�$�> �$ >> /+�> 1+D �b%6� !�F�� <=�$� > �$�6�Cc E-W01�;69
-9 ���?@/��d5� .A�Be��C��5D�!EA��������[���f�B�;6����M'���%&6�9 ��FE���G-�/�WH-�;69
.9 I�,-��J��R8�g *+������ �� ./���K� "��#�$�%&'(�)�h85J!i�L������4F�����-,5Fj�9 EMNkl,-���g 5m!�� I�,-�7-8!n����,-F��g ��O�-o��6����,-F��g >p���g qD �%&��7�P��+�9
� �
�HI�Q;�5R�� S�*rT�rM�stBuvwrw�U�VxW5�y�5!z{��zx;�|n� }�HIXY5~�j!zZ[�|�9 *���>�D\]�^��_�`�ab�(c����K��^R8�9 d�*r�rMe���xWJKLf�*r*r�ghwrHIw���ijk5�cl�m�!��n��o5��Fzx;� z�<�zp���|�9 �E�0�5,��q���r6�9
� �
f��V�stu��� vw�x� y��Mz�{|�}��~���� ����� �����V������������t. ������� +30-� ���.���������8��6��Kr)HI9 �swr� no. 0., +2�-+9
f��V�stu��� vw�x� y��Mz�{|�}��~��������8������ �����V������������t. ������� +300� .�� !�9 �swr� no. 2-, 2 �,.9
f�� ������ +332� ¡�t�� ���g � !�� : "�#�$��¢9 �K�� +*.� 20+�2109
Collinson, J. D. and Thompson, D. B, +323, Sedimen-
tary structures ,nd ed. The University Printing
House, Oxford, ,*1 p.
^�}£��M¤ �| ��� +3/-� ¡�t��M����# !9 ��ghwjH�9 no. -, +�.+9
stu���� ¥� +33*� ¡�t��¦� ,� -�����9 �K�� 30� -+3�-,,9
����� +32.� ¡�t���M� §¨�/��C�©ª�«¬9 �K�� 3*� 0,3�0.,9
�� ���� ��¡ k� +33*� ����¢£9 �®r¯*r°�� ¤ .M!� .,� +2-�+3+9
���i� +33-� ���bM�O-���9 S��Kr±¤ +**�r¥*±²¦� ./,9
���i� +33/� ¡�t��¦M�8³ !§9 �K�� +*+� 1,3�1-29
Kobayashi, K., +330, Rotation of slip directions of
the Atokura Nappe viewed from micro-
structural analyses of brittle shear zones in the
Sambagawa belt, Southwest Japan. Jour,
Struct. Geol., +2, /0-�/1+.
���i������ +33+� ���bM !,-\�¡�t����g �E�019 S��Kr±¤32�r¥*±²¦� ,3+9
�¨©V���"��ª� «������¬b®�`�¯��#°$�������±��T���z´������ +31*� ²µ�§¨�³¶�8��.·�������8�����Kr)HI9 �K�� 10� .,+� .-+9
�U�V� +313� ¡�t���¦M³¶�Nk°�´���G�¯9 �K�� 2/� +/1�+109
µ�¶�� +3/.� ¡�t��M��K !9 ·%*T�°�� +� +0*�+0/9
&� j�¬b¸¯� +33,� §¨�/��K9 �/�KHI�¸ >/'?� +�K¹ºD� �K(c»�
¶¼¯(
¹ 44 ¹
+-0 p����������� +312� ������� �� ������ ����� � ����� 2/
�������� ,*.��� ������������� !��"#$�%����&�'�� +332� ,*��� +��(� )��*� ���+,�
-� .� +32-� /�0�� 120345 6� K-Ar
�!� 67� 12� -2�-3�Passchier, C. W. and Trouw, R. A. J., +330, Microtect-
onics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, ,23
p.
��8����9:;<=>?@A"B�� +33/� /�0�����9:CD�EFGH#� �IJ�� .3� ,1+�,3+�
K$ L�M%N&� +323� /�0�'(�O)6*��+� ,P-QRST�UV.WG��V.WG�/X� ��Y� 3/� 021�1**�
Z�/[�0 1�\ ]��^�2_�324`�a b�&�'��%���� +33*� ,*��� +��(� )^5c*� ���+,�
M%N&��dN6� +323� /�0�'e(�f�gO)6-� ��Y� 3/� 00-�02/�
M%N&�K$ L��h 7��dN6� +323� /
�0�'e(�O)6*� K-Ar�+� ��Y�3/� -03�-2*�
�����0 1� +33+� /�0�'e�8ijk6�O)96lmnop<qrps�:t�+���Y� 31� -+/�-+2�
�����0 1� +33/� /�0���uvw� x6yz<>{��|566}� K-Ar�+� ��~;� .0� .+3�.,-�
�����0 1�� !� +33*� /�0��l����� �<��<�:=���9+�����s�CD ���� ��~;� .+� .2*�
�$��� +312� /�0�'(��v������ 8;�� ��Y� 21� +0�,0�
?���s� S.�>����? ��� +33*� /�0���$���uvw��@��G�<s����� ��Y� 30� 311�32*�
A(�B����C�M� D�E0F[G� +3/*�/�0�'�e(��������HCD� IJ� J�1K¡CD;¢� no. +, 3-�+.0�
AL£¤�¥�¦'�§M'¨�'E©Nª�M«��¬ª��c�O6�3 ®� +33*� /�0�'�(���QR¯°P±�²3�³´���Y� 30� 02-�02/�
V.�� � ..µ /�0�'�e(¶(P±·���Q¸V.G¹RS�
º 45 º