SIAM

OECD Workshop and Policy Dialogue on TBT:Promoting Good Practices in Support of Open Markets

Group 1:

Controlling CO2 Emissions of Automobiles

Atanu Ganguli

Director

Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers

October 5th , 2009 Paris

SIAM

Indian Automotive Industry

• Estimated Industry Turnover in 2009: Rs 2,20,000 crs or US

$ 46 bn

– Accounts for about 22% of manufacturing GDP and one of the

highest contributors to State and Central Government finances

• Employment: Direct 600,000 people + 12.5 mn indirect

• Highly competitive: Most multinationals in India. Also

establishing engineering and sourcing centres

SIAM

Size of the Indian Automobile Industry

Passenger

Vehicles

16%

Three

Wheelers

4%Two

Wheelers

75%

Commercial

Vehicles

5%

Total number of Vehicles Sold in 08-09 ~ 9.65 mn

Total registered vehicles in Indian ~ 109 mn

All figures for 2008-09

SIAM

Regulation Formulation Process

in India

SIAM

Regulation Administration

SIAM

Safety Regulations in India

• There are two types of International regulations generallyreferred in India:

– UN ECE Regulations.

– Global Technical Regulations (GTR’s)

• India is a signatory of 1998 agreement dealing with GTR.

• Safety regulations for vehicles in India covers (Two-Wheelers,Three-Wheelers, Cars, Buses & Trucks):

– Active safety requirements which tend to reduce thechances of accident

– Passive safety requirements, which reduce to tend theinjuries in case of an accident.

– Pollution

– Theft prevention

• Most of the Indian regulations are based on UNECERegulations.

SIAM

Regulation Formulation

Notification – CMVR

Safety & Emission

Automotive Industry

Standards (AIS)

Bureau of Indian

Standards (BIS)

Type Approval

Procedure for Emissions

Noise

Regulations

UN ECEEU

Commission

SIAM

40%

26%

34%

Fully aligned Partially aligned Ongoing/yet to be taken

Harmonization with ECE Regulations

SIAM

Environmental Issues

SIAM

Applicability 2000 20022001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 2010

NEW DELHI

OTHER METRO (Mumbai, Chennai,

Kolkatta)

MAJOR CITIES(Banaglore,Hyderabad,Pune,

Kanpur, Ahmedabad, Surat and

Agra)

REST OF COUNTRY

04/2000

07/2001

04/2003

BS II

BS II

BS II

BS II

BS III

BS III

BS III

BS III

04/2005

04/2005

04/2005

04/2005

BS IV

BS IV

BS IV

•Fuel Quality ~ Corresponding European Specification

•Exhaust emission standards are based on EEC Directives and Two & Three Wheeler emission standards

are presently India specific.

Euro-I

BS I

BS I

BS I

BS I

Emission Regulation Roadmap

SIAM

Other Initiatives in India

• Indian Clean Air Programme– Source apportionment studies

– Assist in developing policies forFuture regulations

• Introduction of Ethanol BlendedGasoline

• Indian Bio-Diesel Programme

• Alternative Fuels– CNG

– LPG

– Electric Vehicles

• Frontier Technologies– Hybrid

– Hydrogen

SIAM

Fuel Economy

SIAM

Country Per-Capita Carbon-Dioxide

Emissions

(Metric Tons)

USA 20.01

EU 9.40

Japan 9.87

China 3.60

Russia 11.71

India 1.02

World Average 4.25

IEA: 2004

Current CO2 Emissions in India

SIAM

Country Cars / 1000

people

Germany 500

France 476

US 455

Japan 455

Malaysia 270

South Korea 244

Mexico 147

Brazil 106

South Africa 105

Thailand 57

Egypt 32

Indonesia 18

China 10

India 8

Source: WARDS, 2008; All figures for 2007

Vehicle Penetration

Country 2W / 1000 people

Thailand 244

Malaysia 325

Italy 180

Japan 102

Spain 118

Indonesia 159

Switzerland 82

China 87

India 64

US 40

Source: SIAM & JAMA; figures for 2007

SIAM

Vehicles per mile

Country Vehicles per mile

Germany 306

France 62

Malaysia 132

South Korea 259

Mexico 110

Brazil 24

Thailand 282

Indonesia 32

Philippines 24

India 7

China 33

US 62

Japan 100

Source: WARDS, 2008; All figures for 2007

SIAM

Global Transport CO2 Emissions Compared

to TOTAL Man-made Emissions

Road transport share of global CO2 emissions: LESS THAN 16%

COST EFFICIENCY IS CRUCIAL !

Road Transport(Cars, Trucks & Buses)

Electricity Generation

& Heating

Manufacturing& Construction

Fuel combustionfor otheruses

15.9%

43.9%

18.2%12.2%

Source: OICA

SIAM

National Action Plan for Climate Change

•Released by Prime Minister of India on 30th June 2008

•Principles

– National Action Plan for Climate Change has been built on the

principle that maintaining a high growth rate is essential for

increasing the living standards and reducing the vulnerability to

impacts of Climate change. It would look to:

• Protect the poor

• Achieve national growth objectives

• Devise efficient strategy for demand side management

• Deploy appropriate technologies

• Promote sustainable development through regulatory & voluntary

measures

• Implement programmes through public-private partnership

• Welcome international cooperation for research

SIAM

Recommendations Proposed

for Road Transport Sector

• Introducing Transport pricing measures toinfluence purchase and use of vehicles

• Fuel-economy standards for automobilemanufacturers– Discussions for development of Fuel Economy

regulations are presently underway

• Development of high capacity public transportsystems

• End-of-life vehicles

• Facilitate R&D

SIAM

Declaration by SIAM Members

SIAM

Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers

Core 4B, 5th Floor, India Habitat Centre

Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003

Tel: +91 11 24647810 / 11 / 12

Fax: +91 11 24648222

Email: aganguli@siam.in

www.siam.in

For further details please write to: