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OdontaspididaeSand Tiger Sharks
Greek: odous = tooth/teeth, aspidos = wide shield
Diagnostic Features
• Moderately stout• Head shorter than
trunk• Gill openings
moderately large but does not extend to surface of the head
• Gills anterior to pectoral origin
• Grow up to 3.6 m
• No gillrakers• Large teeth• First dorsal large• Second dorsal and
anals almost as large as first
• Caudal: upper lobe long, lower lobe short but strong, precaudal pit
Teeth Structure
• Front teeth narrow, sharp, and pointy• Side teeth compressed and blade-like• Less than 60 rows in either jaw
Habitat and Distribution
• Tropical to Cool-temperate• Inshore and Deepwater• EVERYWHERE
• Surf-zone to Outer shelf• Down slopes up to 1600 m
Reproduction
• Ovoviviparous• Non yolk-sac placenta• Intrauterine
cannibalism• Only two pups birthed
every two years • Gestation: 9 months
Carcharius taurus embryo
Food
• Teleosts• Smaller sharks• Rays• Squid• Bottom crustaceans
Genera
• Eugomphodus/Carcharias
• Odontaspis
Eugomphodus/Carcharias
• Small eyes• Short, flattened snout• Back teeth differentiated
from side teeth, molariform
• Second dorsal as large as first
• First dorsal base closer to pelvic bases
• Anal fin as large or larger than dorsals
Carcharias taurus,
C. tricuspidatus
• Red-list:– C. taurus: vunerable– C. tricuspidatus: data deficient
• Human Interaction– Regularly caught in fisheries– Eaten in Japan, Pacific, and Britain– Fishmeal, liver oil, meat market, sharkfin soup
Odontaspis
• Moderate sized eyes• Long and conical snout• Back teeth grade into
side teeth, not molariform• Second dorsal half size of
first• First dorsal base closer to
pectoral bases• Anal smaller than second
dorsal
Odontaspis ferox,
O. noronhai
• Red-list:– O. ferox: vulnerable– O. noronhai: data deficient
• Human Interaction– No regular interaction– Eaten if caught
• Compagno, L. J. V. 1984. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125: 1–249.
• Dicken, M. L., Booth, A. J., Smale, M. J., and Cliff, G. (2007). Spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of juvenile and adult raggedtooth sharks (Carcharias taurus) tagged off the east coast of South Africa. Marine and Freshwater Research 58: 127–134.
• Fergusson, I. K., Graham, K. J., and Compagno, L. V. J. (2006). Distribution, abundance and biology of the smalltooth sandtiger shark Odontaspis ferox. Environmental Biology of Fishes.
• Graham,K. J., Andrew,N. L. and Hodgson,K. E. (2001). Changes in relative abundance of sharks and rays on Australian South East Fishery trawl grounds after twenty years of fishing. Marine and Freshwater Research 52: 549–561.
• Lucifora, L. O., Menni, R. C., and Escalante, A. H. (2002). Reproductive ecology and abundance of the sand tiger shark, Carcharias taurus, from the southwestern Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59: 553–561.
• Preziosi, Gridelli, Borghetti, Diana, Parmeggiani, Fioravanti, Marcer, Bianchi, Walsh, Berzins (2006). Spinal deformity in a sandtiger shark, Carcharias taurus: a clinical-pathological study. Journal of Fish Diseases 29: 49–60.
• Shimada, K. (2002). Teeth of Embryos in Lamniform Sharks. Environmental Biology of Fishes 63: 309-319.