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October 28, 2002 International Loran Association
, Inc.
Development of a Next Generation Transmitter
Control System
Presented by: Terry Yetsko BCO, Inc.
George Mukai BCO, Inc.
Erik Johannessen Megapulse, Inc.
, Inc.
Need for Modernized Transmitter Control
• Significant upgrade required both in functional capability and technology.
• Required as part of Loran recap effort.– Present SSX control console over 20 years old.
• Not supportable long term.
• Maintainability/reliability do not lend themselves to unattended operation.
– Present SSX control console does not support required Loran enhancements.
• Present architecture robust but inflexible.
• System demands on the system are greater in the future.– Better timing.– Better envelope control.
, Inc.
TCS Design Philosophy
• Retained Existing Partitioning at System Level– GFE Loran Timer, Remote Control, Control Console and Power
Distribution– XMTR Components - PGAs, Output & Coupling Networks, RF Switch
• Retained Existing Functionality– Replaced TOPCO, PATCO, SDA and Display Units with
modernized/updated sub-assemblies
• Incorporated New Functionality– Support for Additional Drive Half Cycles– Dynamic Re-Assignment of HCGs– Real-Time Loran Signal Quality Analysis (SQA)
• Allowed for Future Capabilities– Intrapulse Frequency Modulation (IFM)– Enhanced Data Analysis
, Inc.
TCS Design Philosophy
5U
1U
9U
5U
1U
BLANK
BLANK
7U
4U
2U
5U
1U
9U
1U
BLANK
BLANK
2U
BLANK
4U
BLANK
5U
7U
Rate A & BMPT, Set/Reset &5 MHz
MTS 1 - 72
Antenna Switch
Output Network (Unit 4)
Coupling Network (Unit 5)
Output Network (Unit 4)
Coupling Network (Unit 5)
RF Switch
Pulse Generator
(Unit 3)
Pulse Generator
(Unit 3)
Antenna
DHC Feedback
Antenna Current Feedback
FromTimer(Unit 1)
Switch Control
MTS Timing Signals
PATCOTOPCO
SDA
DHCCurrent Pulse
Switch Network(Unit 6)
RF Output
RF Output
DAR ACD Phase Disch Trig Meg ReF
, Inc.
TCS Block Diagram
AN/FPN-65 Loran-C Timer Heartbeat
Transmitter Control
Assembly (TCA #1)
Transmitter Control
Assembly (TCA #2)
Keyboard/Mouse
Alarm Panel
Timing
TimingTiming Signals
Control/ Status
Remote Control/
Monitoring
Power Distribution
TCC Power Distribution
w/UPS
Prime Power
Remote Control/
Monitoring
TCC (Transmitter Control Console) #1
TCC (Transmitter Control Console) #2
Control Connector Assembly (36 HCGs)
Timing Signals
(Redundant)
3 Phase Power
Monitor
3 Phase Power
Monitor
Redundant Switch
Redundant Switch
TCC Power Distribution
w/UPS
Power
Power
Control/Status
Status
Status
Control/Status
UPSPwr
UPSPwr
Status Graphics Display
Video
Touchscreen
Graphics Display
Video
Touchscreen
Graphics Display
Video
Touchscreen
Keyboard/Mouse
Timing, Control, Status
Antenna Feedback DHC Feedback
Antenna Feedback DHC Feedback
Status
Hub
Phase A
Phase B
3 PhaseGroup I & II HCGs (qty 36)
Group I & II Coupling Networks (3)
Group I & II Output Networks
RF Switch
Fire Detection
Group I & II HCGs
Group I & II Coupling Networks
Printer (Optional)
Phase A
Phase B
Control/ Status
Expansion Control
Connector Assembly (36 HCGs)
Fire Detector
Blower
Up to 36 HCGs
37 to 72 HCGs
Alarm Panel
Blower
Fire Detector
A
B
C
D
CA DB
Up to 36 HCGs
37 to 72 HCGs
Hub
RedundantTiming, Control, Status
, Inc.
Transmitter Control Subsystem (TCS)
5U
1U
9U
5U
1U
BLANK
BLANK
7U
4U
2U
5U
1U
9U
1U
BLANK
BLANK
2U
BLANK
4U
BLANK
5U
7U
Alarm/Status Panel
Thinview-15-SS9-RM-SP410 15” Touchscreen Display
Retractable Keyboard TrayKontron(ICS) RMX-EKB104
TCA (Transmitter Control Assembly)
APC SU042-2 Redundant Switch
APC Smart-UPS 3000 RM 5U
Rear Mount Fan Assemblies
Control Connector Assembly(s)
TCC (Transmitter Control Console) #1
TCC (Transmitter Control Console) #2
Redundant Transmitter Control Consoles
Fire DetectAssys
, Inc.
TCA – Block Diagram
Slot-1Single Board Computer
(SBC)
VMEbus Backplane
Displayw/Touchscreen
Graphics
Keyboard/Mouse
AlarmPanel
Rate A Processor, HCG/Serial Data Stream Control
DigitalInput/OutputModule(s)
MTS
AntennaFeedback
RedundantSwitch
Printer(Opt.)
Parallel
Serial
Commands- RF Switch- Ant Tune
UPSSerial
DHCFeedback
Rate B Processor
TailbiterTriggers
Status/Faults- RF Switch- HCG- Output Net- Coupling Net- TB Mon
BackupTCA
Heartbeats
LoranTimer
SyncSync
SignalConditioning
Signal Conditioning
Serial
PS/2
RemoteInterface
Serial
Status
Atten
HUB
Atten
Divider Divider PowerMonitor
HUB
, Inc.
TCA – VME Chassis20 Slot Chassis
Five COTS (Commercial-Off-
The-Shelf) 6U VME Cards
Three COTS PMC (PCI Mezzanine Card) Modules
Two Custom VME Cards: One Custom PCI Daughter Card for HCG Control One Custom VME Card for Signal Conditioning, Qty 4
AB
C
DE
Five Functional Groups
, Inc.
HCG/Serial Data Stream Control Group (HCG/SDSC)
• Majority of PATCO, TOPCO and Signal Distribution Assembly (SDA) functionality combined into one (1) custom VME Card married to:
Motorola MVME 2431-3 750 MHz PPC Processor
<and>
ICS-550 65 MHz Dual Channel Data Acquisition Module.
• PATCO functions: timing and triggering, failsafe blanking, DHC feedback analysis, MTS data stream generation, polarity control, antenna feedback analysis and antenna tuning
• TOPCO functions: fault monitoring and analysis
• SDA functions: MTS data stream multiplexing
PATCO
TOPCO
SDA
, Inc.
HCG/SDSC Block Diagram
PCI Local Data
Data Acquisition
Module
DHCFeedback
Attenuator(chassis mount)
VME Bus
44b
4b
8 10
DAQ
11 13
HCG/Seri
al Con
trolle
r
Custom
PCI
Daugh
ter C
ardCus
tom S
ignal
Condit
ioning
Card
s
Blanking Control Timing
Generator
Programmable Delay
Generators Mux
MPT AMPT B
Set/Reset
72...
Serial DataStreams
Parallel I/O
200 kHz Clocks
MeasurementTrigger & Clock
Signal Conditioning
Polarity Control
5
8,10,11,13
Tailbiter Monitor Control
Delay Enable
Tailbiter Triggers
Serial DataStreams
Rate A HCG/Serial Data Stream Controller
%
Rate B HCG/Serial Data Stream Controller
Data Acquisition
Module
7b
4 5
7b
DAQ
HCG/Seri
al Con
trolle
r
7
PCI Bridge
7 AntennaFeedback
Attenuator(chassis mount)
%
PCI Local Data
Data Acquisition
Module
DHCFeedback
Attenuator(chassis mount)
VME Bus
44b
4b
8 10
DAQ
11 13
HCG/Seri
al Con
trolle
r
Custom
PCI
Daugh
ter C
ardCus
tom S
ignal
Condit
ioning
Card
s
Blanking Control Timing
Generator
Programmable Delay
Generators Mux
MPT AMPT B
Set/Reset
72... 72...
Serial DataStreams
Parallel I/O
200 kHz Clocks
MeasurementTrigger & Clock
Signal Conditioning
Polarity Control
5
8,10,11,13
Tailbiter Monitor Control
Delay Enable
Tailbiter Triggers
Serial DataStreams
Rate A HCG/Serial Data Stream Controller
%
Rate B HCG/Serial Data Stream Controller
Data Acquisition
Module
7b
4 5
7b
DAQ
HCG/Seri
al Con
trolle
r
7
PCI Bridge
7 AntennaFeedback
Attenuator(chassis mount)
%
, Inc.
TCS – Main Station Control Screen
, Inc.
TCS – Station Configuration Screen
, Inc.
TCS – Loop Maintenance Screen
, Inc.
TCS – Engineering Screens
, Inc.
Control Loop Algorithm - Amplitude
• Current system uses ratios to a reference voltage to control all 4 DHC amplitudes– Both ratios and reference voltages
are thumbwheel selectable.– Adjustments to the reference voltage
controls output power.
• Ratios still utilized for DHC 2, 3 & 4.– Ratios are contained in ECD table.
• Measurements made on 6th pulse in group (like current system).– Potential expansion to analyze all pulses (droop compensation).
• DHC 1 adjusted based on power indication from antenna feedback.– Control loop is now closed based on system output as opposed to interim
feedback (DHC feedback).– Control loops now compensate for variability in network cabinets.
-25000
-20000
-15000
-10000
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
750 950 1150 1350 1550 1750 1950
DHC 2,3 & 4 controlled based on ratio to DHC 1
DHC 1 controlledbased on antenna feedback analysis Ratio 2
Ratio 3
Ratio 4
, Inc.
Control Loop Algorithm - Timing
• Original timing loops utilized hardware implementation based on 60 % points. – Software algorithm currently maintains
that approach but could be enhanced to be less sensitive to pulse shape.
• Configurable items provide flexibility.– Averaging period and adjustment step size– DHC Timing Position
• Currently set to offset DHC 2,3,4 150nsec, 100 nsec and 100 nsec respectively to improve phase modulation.
– Potential expansion to base offsets either on ECD selection or analysis of antenna feedback.
• Fixed offsets added to DHC timing for individual pulses in each group.
– Potential enhancement to base offset on feedback analysis of individual pulses.
, Inc.
Control Loop Algorithm - Tuning
• Original antenna tuning based on 5th to 12th 0-crossing.
• Analysis showed more accurate measurement achieved starting at 6th 0-crossing.
• Algorithm modified to tune based on 6th to 12th crossing.– Crossings are configurable to provide
flexibility.– Similar slope crossings chosen to
minimize error caused by feedback offset.
• Averaging period and adjustment time also configurable.
96,000
97,000
98,000
99,000
100,000
101,000
102,000
103,000
104,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
S eries 3
96,000
97,000
98,000
99,000
100,000
101,000
102,000
103,000
104,000
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
S eries 3
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400
Offset Error
-30000
-20000
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400
Offset Error
, Inc.
SQA Functionality
• Hardware implementation using 65 MHz Data Acquisition Module provided capability for detailed analysis of antenna feedback.– Amplitude control loops are partially based on antenna feedback.– Lordac functionality is embedded in the control system software.– Analysis of signal quality is used in redundancy and failure
analysis decisions.
• Potential enhancements involve analysis of antenna feedback being applied to:– Pulse to pulse timing and amplitude control.– ECD control.
, Inc.
MVME 2400 Data Processing – Dual Rate
, Inc.
MVME 2400 Data Processing – Single GRI
, Inc.
Summary
• High utilization of COTS components.– Open system architecture.
• Partitioning and functional capability provides:– Performance required for the new system.– Allows easy integration into legacy systems.
• Remote/unattended operation.
• Graphical user interface provides:– Ease of use.– High visibility into system operation.– Flexible control.
• Enhanced data analysis and control.– Horsepower for expansion/enhancement.