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• Octavian became the first Octavian became the first Roman Emperor in 27 B.C. Roman Emperor in 27 B.C.
• The Senate gave him the The Senate gave him the title of Augustus which title of Augustus which meant exalted.meant exalted.
• Augustus began the Julian line of emperors.
• He began a period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax RomanaPax Romana which began with Augustus and continued for 200 years.
Octavian - Augustus:Octavian - Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First EmperorOctavian - Augustus:Octavian - Augustus:
Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First Emperor
• Encouraged trade and began common Encouraged trade and began common coinage. coinage.
• Glorified Rome with splendid buildingsGlorified Rome with splendid buildings• Created a stable system of governmentCreated a stable system of government• Encouraged the old values of simplicity, Encouraged the old values of simplicity,
sober conduct and patriotism sober conduct and patriotism ((GravitasGravitas)) • Began highway construction to bind his Began highway construction to bind his
empire togetherempire together• Began public works programs and civil Began public works programs and civil
service service
Octavian - Augustus:Octavian - Augustus:Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First EmperorOctavian - Augustus:Octavian - Augustus:
Rome’s First EmperorRome’s First Emperor
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
Imperial Roman Road Imperial Roman Road SystemSystem
The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
The First Roman The First Roman DynastyDynasty
Tiberius (14-37) Improved provincial government
and tax system. Brought Rome its greatest
prosperity Jesus was crucified during his reign
The Julian EmperorsThe Julian Emperors
Caligula (37-41) Was insane by the time he came to
power Brutally oppressed citizens of Rome Broke the Roman treasury Assassinated in 41 AD
The Julian EmperorsThe Julian Emperors
Claudius (41-54) Intelligent and scholarly emperor Ruled empire wisely and rebuilt its
treasury Added Britain to the Empire
The Julian EmperorsThe Julian Emperors
Nero (54-68) Initially a good emperor before going
insane. Became increasingly cruel. Rome burned during his reign. He began organized persecution of
Christians. Forced to flee and committed suicide
The Julian EmperorsThe Julian Emperors
• After the death of Nero, Rome was ruled by emperors who were supported by the military.• Beginning in 96 AD, a series of
emperors known as the Good Emperors led the empire effectively for nearly a century.
Nerva Chosen by the Senate. Began reforms by lowering taxes
and distributing land to the poor. Began tradition of adopting an heir
to be emperor.
The Good EmperorsThe Good Emperors
Trajan Born in Spain. Became the first
emperor from the provinces. Expanded the Empire to its greatest
size.
The Good EmperorsThe Good Emperors
The Roman Empire at its LargestThe Roman Empire at its Largest
Hadrian Reorganized the Roman
bureaucracy. Had defensive walls built along the
frontiers of the Empire. Reorganized Roman law and rebuilt
the city.
The Good EmperorsThe Good Emperors
Antonius Pius Instituted public works programs. Expanded educational programs
and programs for child welfare. Military began to decline during his
reign.
The Good EmperorsThe Good Emperors
Marcus Aurelius Last of the Good Emperors Faced widespread invasions of
frontiers by barbarian tribes. Spent most of his reign on the
defense of Rome. His death ended the Pax Romana.
The Good EmperorsThe Good Emperors
The Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianityThe Rise of The Rise of ChristianityChristianity
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
St. Paul: St. Paul: Apostle to the Apostle to the
GentilesGentiles
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
The Spread of The Spread of ChristianityChristianity
Diocletian - Divided the Empire into Eastern and Diocletian - Divided the Empire into Eastern and Western halves in order to better manage it.Western halves in order to better manage it.
Constantine - Established a new Roman capital at Constantine - Established a new Roman capital at Byzantium which later became Constantinople. He Byzantium which later became Constantinople. He converted to Christianity in 310. He was the last converted to Christianity in 310. He was the last effective ruler.effective ruler.
The Decline of the EmpireThe Decline of the EmpireFollowing the death of Marcus Aurelius, the Empire began Following the death of Marcus Aurelius, the Empire began to slowly decline. Civil War, barbarian invasions and to slowly decline. Civil War, barbarian invasions and internal strife threatened its very existence. Two strong internal strife threatened its very existence. Two strong leaders managed to hold the Empire together for a while.leaders managed to hold the Empire together for a while.
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire : Empire : 294294
Diocletian Splits the Diocletian Splits the Empire : Empire : 294294
Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
Constantine: 312 - Constantine: 312 - 337337
Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)Constantinople: “The 2Constantinople: “The 2ndnd Rome” (Founded in 330)Rome” (Founded in 330)
Decline of the Roman Decline of the Roman EmpireEmpire
Decline of the Roman Decline of the Roman EmpireEmpirePolitical WeaknessesPolitical Weaknesses
• The Empire became to large to administerThe Empire became to large to administer• Decline of the military and loyalty to Decline of the military and loyalty to
governmentgovernment• Series of weak rulersSeries of weak rulers
Economic DeclineEconomic Decline• Heavy government expenses drained the treasuryHeavy government expenses drained the treasury• Trade, industry, and agriculture began to Trade, industry, and agriculture began to
disappeardisappear• Revenue from conquered lands declinedRevenue from conquered lands declined• Heavy taxation caused internal strifeHeavy taxation caused internal strife
Decline of the Roman Decline of the Roman EmpireEmpire
Decline of the Roman Decline of the Roman EmpireEmpireOutside InvasionsOutside Invasions
• Germanic tribes invaded the outposts of the Germanic tribes invaded the outposts of the Empire gradually weakening the defensesEmpire gradually weakening the defenses• Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Vandals were the main Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Vandals were the main
invaders.invaders.• They were pushed into Roman territory by the They were pushed into Roman territory by the
HunsHunsOther FactorsOther Factors
• Population of the Empire declinedPopulation of the Empire declined• Decay in family life and moralsDecay in family life and morals• Spread of Christianity discouraged aggressivenessSpread of Christianity discouraged aggressiveness
Barbarian Invasions:Barbarian Invasions:Barbarian Invasions:Barbarian Invasions:
Fall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman Empire• In the late 300’s barbarian tribes began to In the late 300’s barbarian tribes began to
invade the Western Empireinvade the Western Empire• In 476 the Western Empire fell to the In 476 the Western Empire fell to the
invaders and ended the Empire.invaders and ended the Empire.•This date marks the end of the ancient This date marks the end of the ancient
period of history.period of history.
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome
The Legacy of The Legacy of RomeRome Republican form of GovernmentRepublican form of Government
Roman LawRoman Law Latin LanguageLatin Language Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic Church City PlanningCity Planning Roman EngineeringRoman Engineering
• AqueductsAqueducts• Sewage systemsSewage systems• CementCement• ArchArch• Roads & HighwaysRoads & Highways
The Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman ForumThe Roman Forum
Fall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman EmpireFall of the Roman Empire• In the late 300’s barbarian tribes began to In the late 300’s barbarian tribes began to
invade the Western Empireinvade the Western Empire• In 476 the Western Empire fell to the In 476 the Western Empire fell to the
invaders and ended the Empire.invaders and ended the Empire.•This date marks the end of the ancient This date marks the end of the ancient
period of history.period of history.
The Roman Forum The Roman Forum todaytoday
The Roman Forum The Roman Forum todaytoday
AqueductsAqueductsAqueductsAqueducts ArchArchArchArch
Roman Roads and Highways Roman Roads and Highways The The Appian WayAppian Way
Roman Roads and Highways Roman Roads and Highways The The Appian WayAppian Way
Roman BathsRoman BathsRoman BathsRoman Baths
The Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseumThe Roman The Roman ColosseumColosseum
The Circus The Circus MaximusMaximus
The Circus The Circus MaximusMaximus