Ocean Exploration (who are behind this exploration?)

7/24/2019 Ocean Exploration (who are behind this exploration?)

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OCEAN EXPLORATION


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OCEAN

- from Greek word, Okeans,

which means, the sea of classicalantiquity

- is a body of saline water that

composes much of a planetshydrosphere

- co!ers "#$ of the earths surface

- it is di!ided into %!e ma&ordi!isions, namely' (aci%c ,Atlantic , )ndian ,

Antarctic*southern+, and Arctic -


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O.E /A/)/)C 0O1 /2E 3O145 OCEAN

Area : 361,100,100 square kilometers

Mass : 1!1 "illio# "illio# metri$ to#s%olume:1,3&0,000,000 $u"i$kilometers

A'era(e )e*t+ : 3,&6 metersA'era(e Tem*erature : 3-

A'era(e .ali#it/:3!,!(rams2kilo(ram

A'era(e Ele'atio# : !0 meters

A(e: A"out ! "illio# /ears


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O$ea# e8*loratio# is a *art o5o$ea#o(ra*+/ 9es$ri"i#( t+e e8*loratio#o5 o$ea# sur5a$es Nota"le e8*loratio#s4ere u#9ertake# "/ t+e ;reeks, t+eE(/*tia#s, t+e Pol/#esia#s, t+eP+oe#i$ia#s, P+/t+eas, ero9otus, t+e

%iki#(s, a#9 t+e Portu(uese.$ie#ti


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Late BC 1 BC

Early exploration

4000-3000 Egyptian Voyage

- The earliest recorded sea voyage was undertaken by ancient

Egyptians around 3200BC

2000-!000 "irst #ea $outes

-The %olynesians were the &irst known

people to undertake regular' long-distance voyages They built elaborate canoes

(like the replicas at le&t) to carry

supplies and developed a navigational

syste* based on the position o& the stars


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100 >C ?>asi$ measuri#( o5 t+e 9e*t+s is9o#e i# E(/*t

1@00 >C ?Mi99le Easter# *eo*les e8*lore9 t+eI#9ia# O$ea#

600 >C ?P+oe#i$ia#s 9e'elo*e9 sea routesarou#9 t+e e#tire Me9iterra#ea# a#9 i#to t+e

Re9 .ea a#9 t+e I#9ia# O$ea# ;oi#( arou#9A5ri$a t+e/ rea$+e9 E#(la#9 "/ saili#( alo#(t+e 4ester# Euro*ea# $oast Alt+ou(+ t+e/u#9erstoo9 $elestial #a'i(atio#, t+e/ *ro"a"l/

sta/e9 4it+i# si(+t o5 la#9 4+e#e'er *ossi"le@00?00 >C ?;reeks 9e'elo*e9 tra9e routes

i# t+e Me9iterra#ea# usi#( t+e le#(t+ o5 t+e9a/ $orre$te9 5or t+e time o5 t+e /earB toestimate latitu9e


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!0 >C ?Eratost+e#es o5 Ale8a#9ria, E(/*t9etermi#es 5airl/ a$$uratel/ t+e $ir$um5ere#$e o5t+e Eart+ usi#( a#(les o5 s+a9o4s i# ./e#e a#9

Ale8a#9ria


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"ro* age o& e+ploration to present1@0 A) Ptolem/ *ro9u$es a ma* o5 t+e Roma#

4orl9, i#$lu9i#( li#es o5 latitu9e a#9 lo#(itu9e, t+e$o#ti#e#ts o5 Asia, Euro*e, a#9 A5ri$a a#9 t+esurrou#9i#( o$ea#s


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00?1!30 ? %iki#(s e8*lore a#9 $olo#ie I$ela#9,;ree#la#9, Ne45ou#9la#9

100 ?Lei5 Erikso# rea$+es Nort+ Ameri$a @00/ears "e5ore Colum"us

1!0@?1!33 ? C+i#ese se#9 se'e#

'o/a(es to e8te#9 C+i#ese i#Du? e#$e a#9 im*ress t+eir #ei(+"or

states T+ese e8*e#si'e 'o/a(es

are e#9e9 a5ter a s+ort time


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1!?1@0! ?C+risto*+er Colum"us rea$+esAmeri$a looki#( 5or a sea route to t+e I#9ies9is$o'eri#( 'arious la#9s a#9 isla#9s a#9

esta"lis+i#( a $olo#/ o# is*a#iola1!? %as$o 9a ;ama sails arou#9 A5ri$a 5rom

Portu(al rea$+i#( I#9ia a#9 esta"lis+i#( tra9eroutes


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1!?1@0! ? Ameri(o %es*u$$i e8*lores Ne4Forl9

1@1?1@ ?Ger9i#a#9 Ma(ella#Hs s+i*s$ir$um#a'i(ate t+e 4orl9


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160 ? )ut$+ *+/si$ia# Cor#elis )re""el "uil9s t+e4orl9Hs


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131?136 ?C+arles )ar4i# sails o# t+e >ea(le,e8*lori#( t+e ;ala*a(os a#9 ma#/ ot+er areas Itis t+is 4ork 4+i$+ le9 +im to 9e'elo* t+e

$o#$e*ts o5 #atural sele$tio# a#9 e'olutio#


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160 ? Girst $+art o5 t+e ;ul5 .tream *u"lis+e9 "/t+e J. Coast .ur'e/

1&?1&6 ?M. C+alle#(er tra'els arou#9 t+e4orl9 o# a s$ie#tie# Gra#kli# PX?1@B 9ri5ts su"mer(e95or 30 9a/s i# t+e ;ul5 .tream


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Nowadays ,too many to list, the reatincrease in the e7ploration of oceanoraphyand marine science in eneral stemmed inlare part from the industrial re!olution withthe e!olution of scienti%c and technoloicalad!ancements

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Ocean Exploration (who are behind this exploration?)