OCCUPATIONALSAFETY AND HEALTH

Additional material

Branka Petrović

CONTENTS

• Slides 3-7 Notices and signs• Slides 8-17 Safety equipment• Slides 18-20 Occupational diseases• Slides 21-23 Ergonomics• Slides 24-27 Manual lifting of loads• Slides 28-30 Responsible behaviour

Images taken from the WWW

Have you seen them before?

NOTICES AND SIGNS

WHERE ARE THEY USED?

A picture is worth a thousand words.

DO YOU AGREE?

WORDS CAN KILL

CAUTION, WARNING AND DANGER

HAZARD OR SAFETY

If hazards cannot be eliminated or avoided, behave responsibly, follow necessary instructions and protect yourselves.

Think of your own safety.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

• Foot Protection • Head Protection • Hearing Protection • Eye and Face

Protection• Hand and Body

Protection

TYPES OF PPE

What PPE should you use in your future profession?

WHAT DOES PPE PROTECT FROM?

WHAT ARE THEY CALLED?

USED IN WELDING

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

PPE FOR FIREMEN

What are they wearing?

A personal fall arrest system consists of a full body harness and a connecting device.

PPE FOR WORKINGAT HEIGHT

ELECTRICAL PPE

The use of chemicals in gardening requires the right PPE.

PPE IN AGRICULTURE

• Caisson's Disease (Decompression illness) – compressed air work

• Dermatitis – skin irritants• Environmental Sensitivity Conditions – sick buildings, mould

exposure or odour intolerance• Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) – heavy vibrations• Noise Induced Hearing Loss – occupational noise• Pneumoconiosis – exposure to asbestos, talc, hard metal

or other dust

OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES AND THEIR CAUSES

• Repetitive Strain Injury or RSI is another work-related disease.

• RSI is a consequence of repeating the same movement hundreds of times during work.

• It occurs in a wide range of professions so that almost everyone is at risk.

R S I

• Reading with the head down • Carrying heavy school bags • Holding one's phone between the neck and the

shoulder• Sleeping with the head forward while sitting• Watching TV in an incorrect position, e.g. leaning too

much to the left or right

EVERYDAY HABITS LEADING TO RSI

• Ergonomics (industrial engineering) is sometimes described as 'fitting the job to the person, rather than the person to the job'.

• Etymology: Greek, from ergon (work) and nomos (natural law)

• Pronunciation: [‚ər·gə n′ ɔm·iks].

ERGONOMICS

Ergonomics is a profession of designing machines, tools, and work environments to best accommodate human performance and behaviour. It aims to improve the practicality, efficiency, and safety of a person working with a single machine or device (e.g., using a telephone, driving a car, or operating a computer terminal). Taking the user into consideration has probably always been a part of tool design; for example, the scythe, one of the oldest and most efficient human implements, shows a remarkable degree of ergonomic engineering. Examples of common devices that are poorly designed ergonomically include the snow shovel and the computer or typewriter keyboard.

DEFINITIONafter Britannica Concise Encyclopedia

• Keyboard• Snow shovel• Scythe

ERGONOMICALLY DESIGNED

Back pain statistics

SORE BACK?

The wrong way and the right way of lifting.

SAVE YOUR BACK

ALWAYS LIFT SAFELY.

• Stop and think. Plan where the load is going to be placed. The route must be clear of any obstacles. Remove discarded wrapping materials. Before lifting the load from the floor to shoulder height, consider resting it mid-way on a table or bench to change grip.

• Place the feet. To secure a stable base for lifting wear suitable clothes and footwear. Have the feet apart with the leading leg as far forward as is comfortable.

• Adopt a good posture. Bend the knees keeping the back straight. Lean forward a little over the load if necessary to grasp it well. The shoulders remain level and in the same direction as the hips.

LOAD LIFTING RULES 1

• Get a firm grip. Select the optimum position and mode of gripping. A hook grip is less fatiguing than keeping the fingers straight.

• Lift the load smoothly. Raise the chin as the lift begins and keep control of the load.

• Move the feet. Do not twist the trunk when turning to the side.• Keep close to the load. The heaviest side of the load must be next to the

trunk.• Put down, then adjust. First put the load down and then slide it into the

desired position. To change hand grip find an intermediate resting place for the load when lowering it from shoulder height.

LOAD LIFTING RULES 2

THE SAFE WAY…

…THE BEST WAY

SAFETY MATTERS

NO SAFETY, NO HEALTH