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OCCUPATIONAL JOB DICTIONARY – DISABILITY SECTOR
An analysis of regular tasks and human movements common to workers and employers working in the disability sector.
OCCUPATIONAL JOB DICTIONARY – DISABILITY SECTOR
DISCLAIMER
The information produced by National Disability Services in this publication is correct at the time of printing and is provided as general information only. In utilising general information about
workplace health and safety and injury management, the specific issues relevant to your workplace should always be considered. This publication is not intended as a substitute for the
requirements of the Workers Compensation Act, or the Work Health Safety Act 2011.
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
To the best of our knowledge, the procedures described in this document reflect currently accepted practice, but cannot be considered absolute and universal recommendations. All
recommendations must be considered in view of the specific example and new information that has become available since the time of writing. The authors disclaim responsibility and
assume no liability for any adverse effects resulting directly or indirectly from the suggested procedures, from any undetected errors, or from the reader’s misunderstanding of the text.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Disability Safe has adapted this job dictionary from that developed by The SAfer Aged Care Industry OHS Committee for the Aged Care
Industry. The original concept of the Job Dictionary (for the Hospitality Industry) prepared by Mr Nandu Nandoskar of NN Associates is also
acknowledged. The original concept of this Job Dictionary has been reproduced, and developed herein:
HOW TO USE THIS DICTIONARY FOR:
THE DISABILITY SECTOR
Welcome to the Disability Sector Job Dictionary. You can customise the dictionary by using your computer. Please download the occupations relevant to your
organisation from this dictionary. A range of occupations relevant to the disability sector are listed, however not all may be relevant to your organisation.
You can either add or omit information to tailor a job description within your organisation. You may even wish to attach some specific photographs. Ensure that the
work attributes section that lists the frequency of activities is updated. The information on time spent per day and number of repetitions per day may need to be
modified for your particular organisation. Work mechanics/ergonomics may change from time to time and from job to job, therefore the human factors sections (such
as heights, reaches, rest breaks, safety gadgets etc.) may need regular updates.
REHABILITATION PURPOSES
Find and download the occupational description for the injured worker from the software, eg. a support worker’s job description could be downloaded and printed.
Ensure the task matches the duties performed or else modify the script accordingly prior to printing.
Either fax or email this information to the treating medical practitioner.
Identify suitable tasks from within the range of duties for the injured worker to commence work, with the agreement of the treating medical practitioner and, if
involved, the rehabilitation provider.
Agree on how to update/increase the injured worker’s duties; or seek an occupational therapist’s or physiotherapist’s guidance to outline the duties program. If the
worker is unable to undertake their pre-injury duties, you as an employer could offer alternative duties from within this job dictionary. This process ensures reduction
in income maintenance costs and the development of secondary conditions.
AS A PREVENTATIVE TOOL FOR PRE-EMPLOYMENT ASSESSMENTS
The assessing medical practitioner has an overview of general job demands and may be able to use it to establish suitable medical assessments. These are then
used to determine a worker’s suitability for the given job.
A Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) could be conducted where tests could be modified to match with the required job demands. Objective measurements of the
workers’ capacities and limitations are compared with the physical demands of the job in question.
Some employers may prefer to do a more specific task analysis prior to the development of a pre-employment assessment for their workplace.
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – ACCOMMODATION SERVICES
HOURS OF WORK:
Support Workers may be rostered onto early shifts, late shifts and night shifts.
Hours may vary from 3 to 8 hours per day depending on the service.
TASK DESCRIPTION
1. Provide personal care assistance required by residents. This may include the following tasks, to be undertaken in accordance with the policies and
procedures at the service.
Assistance with showering/toileting.
Assistance with dressing
Assistance with feeding.
Transferring between bed, wheelchair, motor vehicle, etc.
Medical/special procedures as required.
Administering medication as required.
2. Carry out domestic duties, e.g. cleaning, laundry, cooking as required by residents.
3. Carry out basic cleaning around the house, i.e. cleaning floors, making beds etc.
4. Assist residents with menu planning, shopping and meal preparation.
5. Contribute to individual service planning and service co-ordination.
6. Complete documentation as required by the service. This will include documentation re medication, personal care diaries, incident reports, etc.
7. May be required to provide first aid treatment.
HUMAN FACTORS
Reaching:
Occasional overhead reaching, constant forward reaching.
Heights: Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Vehicles, resident’s equipment, household equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Frequent carrying of equipment. Frequent push/pull of lifters, wheel chairs, shower chairs with
residents in situ, lifting equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Frequent standing and walking. Frequent bending at hip and knee joint.
Overall physical demand level: Medium
Work/rest patterns: Full time, part time and casual work patterns are arranged according to a seven day rotating roster
including morning, afternoon and night shifts. A support worker may work up to five hours per shift
before being permitted to have a half hour meal break.
A person may experience fatigue due to the ever changing work hours, as well as the physical and
psychological demands of the occupation
Frequency of client handling
Frequent resident transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent manipulation of buttons and controls.
Tools: Motor vehicles, lifting equipment, household equipment
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, masks, gloves and aprons, sterile hand wipes.
Environmental Considerations
In a Group Home there may be fixed height beds; which increases low-based tasks for support workers when making beds, and increases the volume
of bending undertaken by Support Workers to make beds. When residents have severe mobility restrictions, a high/low bed may be used, beds may be
electric or wind up or foot pedal operated.
There may be some manual handling manoeuvres required in restricted space; which can be made more difficult by clutter. For instance; if a resident
requires the use of a lifter for a bed transfer, transferring a resident in a small bathroom, or accessing items from under beds.
Frequent hand washing is necessary before and after handling food, personal care items etc., which may lead to dry and cracked skin.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Problem solving
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
Maintain professional boundaries
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the resident’s disability the support worker may be exposed to abusive behaviours on an occasional basis. These behaviours may range from
swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be directed at another resident or at the support worker directly. These
behaviours are usually unintentional but may be frequently be repeated. The support worker may be working alone when such behaviours are
demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when an unexpected new behaviour may be
triggered.
TASK ANALYSIS CATEGORISED BY INDIVIDUAL TASK – ACCOMMODATION SERVICES
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Transferring clients using hoist – 30-60 minutes per day depending on degree of physical disability
Standing/walking Constant Frequent Generally short distances May be a one or two
person task.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only within
those restrictions.
Pull client’s upper
body forward away
from back of w/chair
Medium pulling with
shoulder flexion to 90°
Slight hip flexion
Occasional Several times per
day
Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below
waist level
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day
Place sling
Operate hoist
controls to raise
person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Occasional Several times per
day
Hand held pendant
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist level
to stabilise client
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day
Force dependent on floor
surface, route and space
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Light reaching and stooping
to position client
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day
Dependent on support
worker skill and
environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above As above Several times per
day
If sling does not cause
pressure points may be left
in place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Showering client using commode chair – 15-60 minutes per day
Client transferred
into chair using
above technique
See above See above Up to 4 clients per
morning or night
depending on
restrictions and
staffing
Supervision with
verbal prompting of
mobile clients
Push commode
chair into shower
cubicle
Medium pushing at waist
height
Occasional Force dependent on
floor surface and
space
Shower client using
hand held shower
rose
Unilateral gross grip with
forward reach at waist level
Trunk twisting if limited space
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet and
under commode chair
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Rare
Client may assist
with upper body
Technique
dependent on space
and support worker
skill
Dry client using
towel
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forward reach between chest
and hip level
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Client may assist
with upper body
Technique
dependent on space
and support worker
skill
Pull/push commode
chair from shower to
area where dressing
will occur
Medium push/pull at waist
level
Occasional Force dependent on
floor surface and
space
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing – 15 – 60 minutes per day
Transfer client to
bed if not able to
weight-bear using
above technique
See above See above As above See above Assist seated client with
upper body only
Supervise and prompt
mobile client
Place garments on
client’s body
Gross grip and forward
reach from chest level or
floor level
Crouching or stooping
especially to reach lower
limbs
Medium push/pull of
trunk or whole body of
client depending whether
seated or lying
Medium lifting of client’s
limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do
up buttons etc.
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 4 clients per
shift depending on
restrictions and
staffing
Client may be able
to assist with rolling
on bed or moving
trunk forward
Client may be able
to assist with lifting
of limbs or hips
If client suffers
contractures or
resists process
more force may be
required
Place on socks and
shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Up to 4 clients per
shift depending on
restrictions and
staffing
Transfer client to
wheelchair if
required using
above technique
If client lying on bed
medium push/pull to roll
client to place sling
Occasional As above Clients weight may
vary
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Sponge Bath – 30 – 60 minutes per day (Rare)
Retrieve equipment
for sponge bath
Walking
Crouching, stooping or
reaching to retrieve
bathing materials
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral of between 2-
10kgs
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Up to 4 clients per
shift. Activity
completed morning
and evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent upon
client ability
Laying towel
underneath client
followed by sponge
bath for client in bed
Gross grip and forward
reach from chest level
Medium push/pull of
trunk or whole body of
client
Medium lifting of client’s
limbs
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Dry client using
towel
Bilateral gross hand grip
and forward reach
between chest and hip
level
Medium push or pull of
trunk or whole body of
client
Occasional
Occasional
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Hair Brushing – 2 – 3 minutes per day
Obtain Hairbrush Crouching, stooping, or reaching overhead for required items.
Gross grip of brush
Occasional Frequent
Up to 4 clients
per shift.
Activity
completed
morning and
evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent
upon client ability
Supervision and
prompting required
only for clients with in
hand manipulation
skills and necessary
strength and flexibility Use brush to brush and tidy
clients hair
Standing
Bilateral gross griping
Forearm rotation
Wrist flexion/extension
Unilateral forward flexion of arm at shoulder joint.
Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant
Teeth Cleaning – 5 – 10 minutes per day
Obtain items including cup,
toothbrush and tooth paste.
Place toothpaste on toothbrush
and fill cup with water.
Walking
Crouch/stoop or reaching overhead for required items.
Pincer grip
Gross grip of cup
Fine hand manipulation
Occasional Occasional Constant Occasional Constant
Up to 4 clients
per shift.
Activity
completed
morning and
evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent
upon client ability
Supervision and
prompting required
only for clients with in
hand manipulation
skills and necessary
strength and flexibility
Place toothbrush on teeth of
client’s mouth. Starting with
front, sides, top of bottom teeth,
under top teeth, and behind
teeth
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Pincer grip
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant Constant
Rinse client’s mouth using
water in cup.
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Gross grip of cup
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Toileting – 30 – 60 minutes per day
Transfer non-weight-bearing client
to commode chair using above
technique
See above See above Up to 4 clients
per shift and
often more
than once per
shift
May be required
several times per shift
dependent on length of
shift
Supervise/prompt
mobile client
Push commode chair over toilet Medium push at waist
level
Frequent Generally flat hard
surface
Clean client/adjust clothing Crouching or stooping
Forward reach
Some twisting if restricted
space
All
Occasional
Dependent on
support worker
skill/experience
Feeding/medicating – 30-60 minutes per day
Push client to dining table Medium push at waist
level
Occasional Generally 2- 3
per shift
Generally suitable if
good posture adopted
or mainly supervision
required
Feed client Sitting
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach
to 90° shoulder flexion
Constant
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
May take up to
15 minutes
unless peg fed
or swallowing
problems
May involve static
posture if client
slow to respond or
if doing tube feed
Provide medication to client Sitting
Pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach
up to mouth level
Gross grip of glass
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Generally
minimal time
requirements
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Meal Preparation – 30 – 90 minutes per day
Obtain ingredients Walking
Squat or crouch/stoop
Reach overhead
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral of between 2 and
10kgs
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
May not be
required each
shift depending on
staffing
Dependent on
storage
location and
support
worker
technique
Assist with bench height
tasks only.
Undertake lighter meals.
Prepare ingredients Standing/walking
Bilateral pincer griping
Forearm rotation
Wrist flexion/extension
Forward reach
Trunk rotation
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
number of
clients and
availability of
assistance
Cooking
Lifting between 5 and 10kgs
Stooping/crouching
Forward reach
Palmar grips
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
dish being
prepared
Dishing up
Standing
Forward reach
Bench height lifting
Cylindrical and hook grips and
forearm rotation
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Dependent
upon number
of clients
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Cleaning of kitchen and/or bathroom – 30-60 minutes per day
Obtain cleaning
products
Walking
Squat or crouch/stoop
Light lifting/carrying often unilateral
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
May not be
required each
shift depending
on staffing
Dependent on
storage location
and support
worker technique
Assist with bench
height tasks only
Clean cupboard
surfaces, benches, etc Standing
Light forward reach at waist level
Light overhead reach
Gross hand grip
Light push/pull
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Clean floor surfaces
Walking
Crouching/stooping
Bilateral shoulder forward
flexion/extension
Trunk rotation
Gross hand grip
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Dependent on
type of floor
surface and
suitability of
equipment
Administration 30-60 minutes per day
Complete paperwork
Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Constant
Constant
Frequent at
start or end of
shift, may be
intermittent
during shift.
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Laundry duties – 30 – 60 minutes per day
Collect dirty washing
and carry to laundry
if required
Walking
Light lifting from below waist level
Light carrying to laundry
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
May not be
required each
shift depending
on staffing
Sort washing and
soak in bucket or
tub if required
Gross hand grip
Light lifting
Crouching/stooping
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Place washing in
washing machine
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Dependent on
whether top or
front loader
Remove wet
washing from
washing machine
and place in dryer
Light pulling
Light lifting
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
location of dryer
Technique
restricting amount
handled in each
load.
Remove washing
from washing
machine and hang
on clothes line
Light pulling
Medium carrying or pushing
Overhead reach
Bend/stoop/crouch
Pinch grip
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Dependent on
availability of
trolley and
presence of stairs
Fold dry washing
and store away
Sit/stand/walk
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forearm pronation/supination
Frequent
Frequent
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Community access – generally daily/Recreational activities – often only on weekends
Driving – 30-90
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to operate controls
Constant Constant Constant Frequent Occasional Frequent Occasional
Generally in
two blocks
to and from
activity
Dependent on vehicle type
and driver skills. Must
have a suitable licence for
specific vehicle driven, e.g.
car v’s bus licence. Must
complete vehicle
inspection prior to
departure
Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Client transfers with
wheelchair–
approximately 30
minutes per day
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Pulling of wheelchair off platform
Fine manipulation if operating wheelchair hoist controls
Forward reach
Large steps taken to enter and exit bus
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts or wheelchair straps in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Occasional Frequent Occasional Frequent Frequent
Before and
after driving
If client not able to transfer
independently vehicle with
wheelchair hoist should be
used to avoid physical
support of client body
weight.
Awkward postures are
frequented whilst placing
seatbelt and wheelchair
Operation of hoist
only. Avoid if
sustained back
injury
Client transfers with
mobile client
requiring physical
assistance.
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Walking up and down steps
Static arm position, shoulder in slight abduction and elbow in 90° flexion to physically assist weight of client while walking
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent
straps around client,
extreme caution
recommended.
Pushing client
wheelchair – up to
60 minutes per day
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Constant Constant
Usually in
several
blocks
Dependent on whether
indoors or outdoors
Indoors on flat
smooth surface
Shopping – 60-120
minutes per day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach between ankle to above head level
Bilateral lifting up to 10kgs
Pushing at waist level
Stooping
Constant Constant Frequent Occasional Frequent Occasional
Generally
with rest
breaks if
accompanyi
ng clients
Must complete risk
assessment prior to
visiting or entering a new
venue. Considerations for
alternative routes and/or
other activities should
accessibility or safety be
compromised
Light items only
Participate in
activities – up to 120
minutes per day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to above
head level
Bilateral light lifting up to 10kgs
Sitting on ground
Stooping
Pushing at waist level
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Generally
with rest
breaks
Activities may range from
attending cinema or
concert, eating out,
swimming, bowling, putt
putt, dancing, picnic, BBQ,
using park play equipment,
attending a venue such as
zoo, aquarium etc. Or craft
activities etc at home.
Light activities at
level suitable only
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
HOURS OF WORK:
Generally from 8-4 Mon-Fri and not during school holidays.
TASK DESCRIPTION
1. Provide transport for participants to attend programs
2. Assist participants with goal achievement such as recreational pursuits, independent travel, social and community participation etc.
3. Provide personal care assistance required by participants. This may include the following tasks, to be undertaken in accordance with the policies
and procedures at the service.
Assistance with toileting.
Assistance with feeding.
Transferring to/from motor vehicle, etc.
Medical/special procedures as required.
Administering medication as required.
4. Contribute to individual service planning and service co-ordination.
5. Complete documentation as required by the service. This will include documentation re medication, personal care diaries, incident reports, etc.
6. May be required to provide first aid treatment.
Human Factors
Heights:
Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Vehicles, sport or recreational equipment, client’s equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Frequent carrying of equipment. Occasional push/pull of lifters, wheel chairs, shower chairs with clients in
situ, lifting equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Frequent standing and walking, occasional sitting, bending, kneeling, crouching.
Overall physical demand level: Medium level fitness required- frequent walking and some running involved in position.
Work/rest patterns: Variable from 6-30 hours per week.
Frequency of client handling Occasional client transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent bilateral fine and gross gripping.
Tools: Trolleys, vehicles, sporting and recreational equipment, lifting machines, slide sheets, cleaning
equipment.
Size of article: Variable.
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, masks, gloves and aprons as required, sterile hand wipes.
Environmental Considerations
The purpose of the role is to enable people with a disability to participate in community life more fully, to develop skills through community-based
experiences and to develop friendships with people in the wider community through social interaction.
The working environment may consist of:
(1) Converted house with a number of rooms for different activities
(2) Converted office or shop area with large open area divided off for various activities.
(3) Community locations, e.g. shopping centre
If participants are wheelchair bound ramps are usually provided and bathroom enlarged to allow safe transfers. Hoists etc will generally be provided.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Problem solving
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
Maintain professional boundaries
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Program design and implementation
Training skills
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the participant’s disability the support worker may be exposed to demanding and abusive behaviours on a frequent to constant basis. These
behaviours may range from swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be directed at another participant or at the support
worker directly. These behaviours are usually unintentional but may be frequently repeated. The support worker may be working alone when such
behaviours are demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when an unexpected new
behaviour may be triggered.
Task Analysis categorised by individual task – community support worker
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations
for suitable duties
Driving – 60 to 120 minutes per day
Operate vehicle Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to operate
controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Once or twice per
shift
Dependent on vehicle
type and driver skills.
Must have a suitable
licence for specific
vehicle driven, e.g. car
v’s bus licence.
Must complete vehicle
inspection prior to
departure.
Client transfers
with wheelchair–
approximately 30
minutes per day
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Pulling of wheelchair off platform
Fine manipulation if operating wheelchair hoist controls
Forward reach
Large steps taken to enter and exit bus
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts or wheelchair straps in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Occasional Frequent Occasional Frequent Frequent
Every time a
client is picked up
and dropped off
to their
designated
location
If client not able to
transfer independently
vehicle with wheelchair
hoist should be used to
avoid physical support of
client body weight.
Awkward postures are
frequented whilst placing
seatbelt and wheelchair
straps around client,
extreme caution
recommended.
Operation of hoist
only. Avoid if
sustained back
injury
Client transfers
with mobile client
requiring physical
assistance.
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Walking up and down steps
Static arm position, shoulder in slight abduction and elbow in 90° flexion to physically assist weight of client while walking
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent
If client not able to
transfer independently
vehicle with wheelchair
hoist should be used to
avoid physical support of
client body weight.
Awkward postures are
frequented whilst placing
seatbelt and wheelchair
straps around client,
extreme caution
recommended.
Pushing
participant
wheelchair
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Constant
Constant
Generally only
one or two per
trip
Dependent on whether
paved or unpaved
Indoors on flat
smooth surface
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Transferring participants using hoist – approximately 30 minutes per day
Standing/walking Constant Between rooms to
escort participant
May be a one or two
person task.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only within
those restrictions.
Pull participant’s
upper body forward
away from back of
wheelchair
Medium pulling with shoulder
flexion to 90°
Occasional Only one or two
per shift
Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below waist
level
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
Only one or two
per shift
Place sling
Operate hoist controls
to raise person
Gross grip with forearm rotation Occasional Only one or two
per shift
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist level to
stabilise participant
Occasional
Occasional
Only one or two
per shift
Force dependent on
floor surface, route
and space
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm rotation
Light reaching and stooping to
position participant
Occasional
Occasional
Only one or two
per shift
Dependent on support
worker skill and
environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above
As above Only one or two
per shift
If sling does not cause
pressure points may
be left in place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Showering participant using commode chair – required for some participants if clothes soiled or after swimming activity – approximately 30
minutes per day
Participant transferred
into chair using above
technique
See above See above Two per shift at
maximum
Supervision with
verbal prompting of
mobile participants
Push commode chair
into shower cubicle
Medium pushing at waist height Occasional Two per shift at
maximum
Force dependent on
floor surface and
space
Shower participant
using hand held
shower rose
Unilateral gross grip with
forward reach at waist level
Trunk twisting if limited space
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet and
under commode chair
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Two per shift at
maximum
Participant may assist
with upper body
Technique dependent
on space and support
worker skill
Dry participant using
towel
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forward reach between chest
and hip level
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Two per shift at
maximum
Participant may assist
with upper body
Technique dependent
on space and support
worker skill
Pull/push commode
chair from shower to
area where dressing
will occur
Medium push/pull at waist level Occasional Two per shift at
maximum
Force dependent on
floor surface and
space
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing – required for some participants after swimming or if clothes soiled – approximately 15 minutes per day
Transfer participant to
bed if not able to
weight-bear using
above technique
See above See above Only one or
two per shift
See above Assist seated
participant with
upper body only
Supervise and
prompt mobile
participant
Place garments on
participant’s body
Gross grip and forward reach
from floor to chest level
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower limbs especially
Medium push/pull of trunk or
whole body of participant
depending whether seated or
lying
Medium lifting of participant’s
limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do up
buttons etc
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Only one or
two per shift
Participant may be
able to assist with
rolling or moving trunk
forward
Participant may be
able to assist with
lifting of limbs or hips
If participant suffers
contractures or resists
process more force
may be required
Place on socks and
shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Only one or
two per shift
Transfer participant to
wheelchair if required
using above technique
If participant lying on bed
medium push/pull to roll
participant to place sling
Occasional Only one or
two per shift
Participants weight
may vary
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Toileting – required for some participants only – 15-30 minutes per day
Assist with
removing/lowering
clothing
Forward reach
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
May be up to
4 times per
shift
May be required
several times per
shift dependent on
length of shift
Supervise/prompt
mobile participant
Transfer non-weight-
bearing participant to
commode chair using
above technique
See above See above May be up to
4 times per
shift
Push commode chair
over toilet
Medium push at waist level Frequent May be up to
4 times per
shift
Generally flat hard
surface
Clean
participant/adjust
clothing
Crouching or stooping
Some twisting if restricted
space
Occasional
Occasional
May be up to
4 times per
shift
Dependent on support
worker skill/experience
Feeding/medicating – required for some participants only – 15 – 30 minutes per day
Push participant to
dining table
Medium push at waist level Occasional Up to 4 per
shift
Generally suitable if
good posture
adopted
Feed participant Sitting
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach to 90°
shoulder flexion
Constant
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
May be up to
4 times per
shift
May involve static
posture if participant
slow to respond or if
doing tube feed
Provide medication to
participant
Sitting
Pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach up to
mouth level
Gross grip of glass
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
May be up to
4 times per
shift
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Administration – 30 – 60 minutes per day
Complete paperwork Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Fine finger activities to
operate computer
Constant
Constant
Constant
Generally at
beginning or
end of shift
but may be
intermittent
during shift
Cleaning of work areas – 30 minutes per day
Obtain cleaning
products
Walking
Squatting/crouching/stooping
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
May be
several times
per shift
Dependent on storage
location and support
worker technique.
Refer to safety data
sheet for chemicals
used.
Assist with bench
height tasks only
Clean cupboard
surfaces, benches, etc
Standing
Light forward reach at waist
level
Light overhead reach
Gross hand grip
Light push/pull
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
May be
several times
per shift
Clean floor surfaces
Walking
Crouching/stooping
Bilateral shoulder forward
flexion/extension
Trunk rotation
Gross hand grip
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
May be
several times
per shift
Dependent on type of
floor surface and
suitability of equipment
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Laundry duties – 30 minutes per day
Collect dirty washing
and carry to laundry if
required
Walking
Light lifting from below waist
level
Light carrying to laundry
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
May not be
required
Sort washing and soak
in bucket or tub if
required
Gross hand grip
Light lifting
Crouching/stooping
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Minimal
required
Place washing in
washing machine
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into
machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Up to once
per shift
Dependent on whether
top or front loader
Remove wet washing
from washing machine
and place in dryer
Light pulling
Light lifting
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into
machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Up to once
per shift
Dependent on location
of dryer
Remove washing from
washing machine and
hang on clothes line
Light pulling
Medium carrying or pushing
Overhead reach
Bend/stoop/crouch
Pinch grip
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Only if not
using dryer
Dependent on
availability of trolley
and presence of stairs
Fold dry washing and
store away
Sit/stand/walk
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forearm pronation/supination
Frequent
Frequent
Minimal
required
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations
for suitable duties
Community Activities – up to 4 hours per day
Driving As described above As described
above
As above As described above Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Participant transfers As described above
As described
above
As above As described above Operation of hoist
only
Pushing participant
wheelchair – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Medium push up/down slope
Constant
Constant
Occasional
Breaks
generally
included
Dependent on whether
indoors or outdoors
Indoors on flat
smooth surface
Shopping – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to
above head level
Bilateral light lifting up to 10kgs
Pushing at waist level
Stooping
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Breaks
generally
included
Participants may
undertake some tasks
such as pushing trolley
or carrying purchases.
Considerations for
alternative routes and/or
other activities should
accessibility or safety
be compromised
Light items only
Sporting/exercise
activities – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Sitting
Standing(may be in water)
Walking(may be in water)
Running
Shoulder rotation
Unilateral or bilateral grip
Climbing in and out of pool
Constant
Frequent
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Rare
Depending on
activity may
be varied or
constant with
only one client
or several
depending on
restrictions etc
Dependent on particular
activity undertaken and
level of support or
instruction required by
participants and
whether instructor
provided. A high level of
fitness and
Able to match
activity to work
restrictions or
provide supervision
only
cardiovascular
endurance may be
required depending on
sport played. Must
complete risk
assessment prior to
visiting or entering a
new venue.
Considerations for
alternative routes and/or
other activities should
accessibility or safety
be compromised
Recreational activities
such as cinema, club,
dining out – up to 120
minutes per day
approximately
Sitting
Walking
Climbing stairs
Carrying tray
Bilateral fine finger actions
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
May be with a
group or one
on one
depending on
participant
needs
Dependent on particular
activity undertaken and
level of involvement.
Must complete risk
assessment prior to
visiting or entering a
new venue.
Considerations for
alternative routes and/or
other activities should
accessibility or safety
be compromised
Able to match
activity to work
restrictions or
provide supervision
only
Travel training/Geo
coaching – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Sitting
Walking
Pushing of wheelchair
Stair climbing
Fine motor and reading skills
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Rare
Occasional
Generally one
on one with
breaks
May involve participants
using a GPS to find
locations
May involve use of
public transport
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations
for suitable duties
Centre-based activities – up to 4 hours per day
Crafts – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Sitting
Standing/walking
Stooping
Pinch and tripod grip
Fine finger activities
Reaching from shoulder to
knee level
Light lifting up to 5kgs
Rare
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Generally
with a small
group of up to
6 depending
on participant
needs and
repeated
throughout
activity
Dependent on degree of
instruction/assistance
required
Generally light and
able to get
assistance with any
task outside
restrictions
Computer or
literacy/numeracy
training – 60 – 120
minutes per day
Sitting
Standing/walking
Stooping
Pinch and tripod grip
Fine finger activities
Rare
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Living skills e.g. food
preparation –
approximately 60
minutes per day
Sitting
Standing/walking
Stooping
Pinch and tripod grip
Fine finger activities
Reaching from shoulder to
knee level
Light lifting up to 2kgs
Rare
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
One on one
or small
group once a
shift
Dependent on degree of
instruction/assistance
required
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – IN HOME SUPPORT
HOURS OF WORK:
Support Workers may be employed on a part-time basis. Accordingly hours can vary from 5 to 30 per week.
TASK DESCRIPTION
The Support Worker drives to a client’s home and then performs the duties that are required by that particular client. The Support Worker may work on
his/her own in a client’s home or with another Support Worker, depending on the client’s mobility.
May perform any of the following duties:
Personal care: including showering/sponging and dressing
Toileting, including rearranging clothing
Shopping
Assisting with mobility and transfers
Washing clothes, Ironing
Preparing meals, cleaning dishes
General tidying, making beds
Cleaning: including mopping, dusting, and vacuuming
Feeding pets
Escort clients to appointments etc.
Driving
May be required to provide first aid treatment.
HUMAN FACTORS
Heights: Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Vehicles, client’s equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Frequent carrying of equipment. Occasional push/pull of lifters, wheel chairs, shower chairs with
clients in situ, lifting equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Frequent standing and walking, bending, kneeling, crouching.
Overall physical demand level: Medium
Work/rest patterns: Variable from 5-30 hours per week.
Frequency of client handling Frequent client transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent bilateral fine and gross gripping.
Tools: Trolleys, lifting machines, slide sheets, cleaning equipment.
Size of article: Variable.
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, masks, gloves and aprons as required, sterile hand wipes.
Environmental considerations
The environment, the number of repetitions, and the degree of difficulty of the tasks will vary with each client depending on residential
circumstances and nature of assistance required.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Problem solving
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
Maintain professional boundaries
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Program design and implementation
Training skills
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the client/consumer’s disability the support worker may be exposed to abusive behaviours on a frequent basis. These behaviours may range
from swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be from the client/consumer or from their friends/relatives and be directed
at the support worker directly. These behaviours range from unintentional to intentional but may be frequently repeated. The support worker may be
working alone when such behaviours are demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when
an unexpected new behaviour may be triggered.
Task Analysis categorised by individual task – in-home support
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Driving to/from client’s home – distance vary to up to 30 minutes per trip
Driving car
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to
operate controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
May visit 4-5 clients
per day
Usually own car.
Dependent on
vehicle type and
driver skills. Must
have a suitable
licence for specific
vehicle driven, e.g.
car v’s bus licence.
Must complete
vehicle inspection
prior to departure.
May be able to limit
driving distances or
provide suitable seat
support etc.
Transferring clients using hoist – 30-60 minutes per day
Standing/walking Constant Frequent May be a one or two
person task.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only
within those
restrictions.
Pull client’s upper
body forward away
from wheelchair to
place sling
Medium pulling with shoulder
flexion to 90°
Slight hip flexion at hip joint
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below waist
level
Slight hip flexion at hip joint
Occasional
Occasional
Place sling
Operate hoist controls
to raise person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Occasional
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist level to
stabilise client
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Force dependent on
floor surface, route
and space
May be a one or two
person task.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only
within those
restrictions.
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Light reaching and stooping to
position client
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
support worker skill
and environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above As above If sling does not
cause pressure
points may be left in
place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Showering client using commode chair – 60-120 minutes per day
Client transferred
into chair using
above technique
See above See above Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Supervision with
verbal prompting of
mobile clients
Push commode chair
into shower cubicle
Medium pushing at waist height Occasional Force dependent
on floor surface and
space
Shower client using
hand held shower
hose
Unilateral gross grip with
forward reach at waist level
Trunk twisting if limited space
Crouching/stooping/squatting to
reach lower part of body, the
feet and under the commode
chair.
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Client may assist
with upper body
Technique
dependent on
space and support
worker skill
Dry client using towel Bilateral gross hand grip and
forward reach between chest
and hip level
Crouching or stooping to reach
lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Client may assist
with upper body
Technique
dependent on
space and support
worker skill
Pull/push commode
chair from shower to
area where dressing
will occur
Medium push/pull at waist level Occasional Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Force dependent
on floor surface and
space
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Sponge Bath – 30 – 60 minutes per day (rare)
Retrieve equipment
for sponge bath
Walking
Crouching/stooping or reaching
to retrieve equipment
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral of between 2-10kgs
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Up to 4 clients per
shift. Activity
completed morning
and evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent
upon client ability
Laying towel
underneath client
followed by sponge
bath for client in bed
Gross grip and forward reach
from chest level
Medium push/pull of trunk or
whole body of client
Medium lifting of client’s limbs
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Dry client using towel Bilateral gross hand grip and
forward reach between chest
and hip level
Medium push or pull of trunk or
whole body of client
Occasional
Occasional
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing – 60 – 120 minutes per day
Transfer client to bed
if not able to weight-
bear using above
technique
See above See above Several times per
day dependent on
client load
See above Assist seated client
with upper body only
Supervise and prompt
mobile client
Place garments on
client’s body
Gross grip and forward reach
from chest level or floor level
Crouching or stooping to
reach lower limbs especially
Medium push/pull of trunk or
whole body of client
depending whether seated or
lying
Medium lifting of client’s
limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do up
buttons etc
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Client may be able
to assist with rolling
on bed or moving
trunk forward
Client may be able
to assist with lifting
of limbs or hips
If client suffers
contractures or
resists process
more force may be
required
Place on socks and
shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Assist seated client
with upper body only
Supervise and prompt
mobile client
Transfer client to
wheelchair if
required using above
technique
If client lying on bed medium
push/pull to roll client to
place sling
Occasional Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Clients weight may
vary
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Teeth Cleaning – 5 – 10 minutes per day
Obtain items including
cup, toothbrush and
tooth paste. Place
toothpaste on
toothbrush and fill cup
with water.
Walking
Crouch/stoop, or reaching overhead for required items.
Pincer grip
Gross grip of cup
Fine hand manipulation
Occasional Occasional Constant Occasional Constant
Up to 4 clients per
shift. Activity
completed morning
and evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent upon
client ability
Supervision and
prompting required
only for clients with in
hand manipulation
skills and necessary
strength and flexibility
Place toothbrush on
teeth of client’s mouth.
Starting with front,
sides, on top of,
underneath, and
behind teeth.
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Pincer grip
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant Constant
Rinse client’s mouth
using water in cup.
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Gross grip of cup
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant
Hair Brushing – 2 – 3 minutes per day
Obtain hairbrush and
related items, e.g.
spray, headband
Crouching/stooping, or reaching overhead for required items.
Gross grip of brush
Occasional Frequent
Up to 4 clients per
shift. Activity
completed morning
and evening.
Frequency and
physical demands
are dependent upon
client ability
Supervision and prompting required only for clients with in hand manipulation skills and necessary strength and flexibility
Use brush to brush and
tidy clients hair
Standing
Bilateral gross griping
Forearm rotation
Wrist flexion/extension
Unilateral forward flexion of arm at shoulder joint.
Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Feeding/medicating – 15-30 minutes per day
Push client to dining
table
Medium push at waist level Occasional Minimal if any
requirements
Generally suitable if
good posture adopted
Feed client Sitting
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach to
90° shoulder flexion
Constant
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
May involve static
posture if client slow
to respond or if doing
tube feed
Provide medication to
client
Sitting
Pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach up to
mouth level
Gross grip of glass
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Toileting – 30-60 minutes per day
Transfer non-weight-
bearing client to
commode chair using
above technique
See above See above Several times per
day dependent on
client load
May be required
several times per shift
dependent on length
of shift
Supervise/prompt
mobile client
Push commode chair
over toilet
Medium push at waist level Frequent Generally flat hard
surface
Clean client/adjust
clothing
Crouching or stooping
Some twisting if restricted
space
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
support worker
skill/exper
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Administration – approximately 30 minutes
Complete paperwork Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Constant
Constant
Generally
intermittent before
or after each client
Cleaning of kitchen and/or bathroom – 60 – 120 minutes per day
Obtain cleaning
products
Walking
Squat or crouch/stoop
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Dependent on
storage location and
support worker
technique
Assist with bench
height tasks only
Clean cupboard
surfaces, benches,
etc
Standing
Light forward reach at waist
level
Light overhead reach
Gross hand grip
Light push/pull
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Clean floor surfaces Walking
Crouching/stooping
Bilateral shoulder forward
flexion/extension
Trunk rotation
Gross hand grip
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Laundry duties – 60-90 minutes
Collect dirty
washing and carry
to laundry if
required
Walking
Light lifting from below waist
level
Light carrying to laundry
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Sort washing and
soak in bucket or
tub if required
Gross hand grip
Light lifting
Crouching/stooping
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Place washing in
washing machine
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Dependent on
whether top or front
loader
Remove wet
washing from
washing machine
and place in dryer
Light pulling
Light lifting
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Dependent on
location of dryer
Remove washing
from washing
machine and hang
on clothes line
Light pulling
Medium carrying or pushing
Overhead reach
Bend/stoop/crouch
Pinch grip
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Dependent on
availability of trolley
and presence of
stairs
Fold dry washing
and store away
Sit/stand/walk
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forearm pronation/supination
Frequent
Frequent
Several times per
day dependent on
client load
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Shopping and client escorts
Driving – 30-60
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to operate
controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Depending on hours
worked and client
load may be 2-3 per
day
Dependent on vehicle
type and driver skills
Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Client transfers
– 15-30 minutes
per day
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Fine manipulation if operating
wheelchair hoist controls
Forward reach
Stooping and twisting to attach
seatbelts or wheelchair straps
Rare
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Generally one stop
per client
If client not able to
transfer independently
vehicle with
wheelchair hoist
should be used to
avoid physical support
of client body weight
Operation of hoist
only
Client transfers
with mobile
client requiring
physical
assistance.
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Walking up and down steps
Static arm position, shoulder in slight abduction and elbow in 90° flexion to physically assist weight of client while walking
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent
Awkward postures are
frequented whilst
placing seatbelt and
wheelchair straps
around client, extreme
caution
recommended.
Pushing client
wheelchair –
60-120 minutes
per day
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Heavy push on slopes
Constant
Constant
Occasional
Breaks usually
included
Dependent on whether
indoors or outdoors
Indoors on flat smooth
surface
Waiting – up to
120 minutes on
some days
Sitting Constant May not occur each
shift
Generally not
ergonomic
Able to change
position
Shopping – 60-
120 minutes per
day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to above
head level
Bilateral light lifting up to 10kgs
Pushing at waist level
Stooping
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
May not occur each
shift. Breaks
possible if with client
Light items only
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – RESPITE
HOURS OF WORK:
Support Workers may be employed on a part-time basis. Accordingly hours can vary from 5 to 30 per week.
TASK DESCRIPTION
There are 3 main types of respite services:
1. Accommodation respite where client is accommodated in an alternate home usually with other clients for a period of 1 night to a couple of weeks
2. Day program respite where client attends a centre to undertake a range of recreational or community activities
3. One on one respite usually undertaken in client’s home but may involve the undertaking of recreational or community based activities.
Time varies from 2 to 48 hours depending on the needs of the client and carer.
The Support Worker may therefore drive to a client’s home or may undertake activities within a designated respite home or a community based facility.
Travel is often required when undertaking activities. The Support Worker may work on his/her own in a client’s home or with one or more other Support
Workers in other settings, depending on the type of service provided.
May perform any of the following duties:
Personal care: including showering and dressing
Toileting, including rearranging clothing
Assisting with mobility and transfers
Preparing meals, cleaning dishes, general tidying, making beds
Cleaning: including mopping, dusting, and vacuuming especially in group respite home settings
Recreational activities
May be required to provide first aid treatment.
HUMAN FACTORS
Heights: Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Vehicles, client’s equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Frequent carrying of equipment. Occasional push/pull of lifters, wheel chairs, shower chairs with
clients
in situ, lifting equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Frequent standing and walking, bending, kneeling, crouching.
Overall physical demand level: Medium
Work/rest patterns: Variable from 5-30 hours per week.
Frequency of client handling Frequent client transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent bilateral fine and gross gripping.
Tools: Trolleys, lifting machines, slide sheets, cleaning equipment, craft and computer equipment.
Size of article: Variable.
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, masks, gloves and aprons as required, sterile hand wipes.
Environmental considerations
The environment, the number of repetitions, and the degree of difficulty of the tasks will vary with each client depending on type of disability, residential
circumstances and nature of assistance provided.
Frequent hand washing and glove wearing is required. Resultantly, dry, irritated and cracked skin on the back of the hands may occur.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Problem solving
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
Maintain professional boundaries
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the client’s disability the support worker may be exposed to abusive behaviours on a frequent basis. These behaviours may range from
swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be directed at another client depending on the setting or at the support worker
directly. These behaviours are usually unintentional but may be frequently repeated. The support worker may be working alone when such behaviours
are demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when an unexpected new behaviour may be
triggered.
Task Analysis categorised by individual task - Respite
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Transferring clients using hoist – 30-60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Standing/walking Constant Frequent May be a one or two
person task.
If restrictions in place
may provide assistance
and/or supervision only
within those restrictions.
Pull client’s upper
body forward away
from back of
wheelchair
Medium pulling with
shoulder flexion to 90°
Occasional Several times
per day
Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below
waist level
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
Several times
per day
Place sling
Operate hoist controls
to raise person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Occasional Several times
per day
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist
level to stabilise client
Occasional
Occasional
Several times
per day
Force dependent on
floor surface, route
and space
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Light reaching and
stooping to position client
Occasional
Occasional
Several times
per day
Dependent on
support worker skill
and environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above As above Several times
per day
If sling does not
cause pressure points
may be left in place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Showering client using commode chair – 15-60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Client transferred into
chair using above
technique
See above See above Up to 4 clients
per morning or
night depending
on type of
service and
staffing
Supervision with verbal
prompting of mobile
clients
Push commode chair
into shower cubicle
and from shower to
area where dressing
will occur.
Medium pushing at waist
height
Occasional Force dependent on
floor surface and
space
Shower client using
hand held shower rose
Unilateral gross grip with
forward reach at waist
level
Trunk twisting if limited
space
Crouching or stooping to
reach lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet
and under commode chair
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Client may assist with
upper body
Technique dependent
on space and support
worker skill
Dry client using towel Bilateral gross hand grip
and forward reach
between chest and hip
level
Crouching/stooping to
reach lower part of body
Squatting to reach feet
Occasional
Occasional
Rare
Client may assist with
upper body
Technique dependent
on space and support
worker skill
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing – 15 – 60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Transfer client to bed
if not able to weight-
bear using above
technique
See above See above Up to 4 clients
per morning or
night depending
on type of
service and
staffing
See above Assist seated client with
upper body only
Supervise and prompt
mobile client
Place garments on
client’s body
Gross grip and forward
reach from chest level or
floor level
Crouching or stooping to
reach lower limbs especially
Medium push/pull of trunk
or whole body of client
depending whether seated
or lying
Medium lifting of client’s
limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do up
buttons etc
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Client may be able to
assist with rolling on
bed or moving trunk
forward
Client may be able to
assist with lifting of
limbs or hips
If client suffers
contractures or resists
process more force
may be required
Place on socks and
shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Transfer client to
wheelchair if required
using above technique
If client lying on bed
medium push/pull to roll
client to place sling
Occasional Clients weight may
vary
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Sponge Bath – 30 – 60 minutes per day (rare- variable depending on type of respite)
Retrieve equipment for
sponge bath
Walking
Crouching/stooping or reaching to retrieve equipment
Light lifting/carrying often unilateral of between 2-10kgs
Frequent Occasional Frequent
Up to 4 clients
per shift. Activity
completed
morning and
evening.
Frequency and
physical demands are
dependent upon client
ability
Laying towel
underneath client
followed by sponge
bath for client in bed
Gross grip and forward reach from chest level
Medium push/pull of trunk or whole body of client
Medium lifting of client limbs
Constant Frequent Frequent
Dry client using towel Bilateral gross hand grip and forward reach between chest and hip level
Medium push/pull of trunk or whole body of client
Occasional Occasional
Hair Brushing – 2 – 3 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Obtain hairbrush and
related items, e.g.
spray, headband
Crouching/stooping, or reaching overhead for required items.
Gross grip of brush
Occasional Frequent
Up to 4 clients
per shift. Activity
completed
morning and
evening.
Frequency and
physical demands are
dependent upon client
ability
Supervision and prompting required only for clients with in hand manipulation skills and necessary strength and flexibility
Use brush to brush
and tidy clients hair
Standing
Bilateral gross griping
Forearm rotation
Wrist flexion/extension
Unilateral forward flexion of arm at shoulder joint
Constant Constant Constant Constant Constant
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Teeth Cleaning – 5 – 10 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Obtain items including
cup, toothbrush and
tooth paste. Place
toothpaste on toothbrush
and fill cup with water.
Walking
Crouch/stoop, or reaching overhead for required items.
Pincer grip
Gross grip of cup
Fine hand manipulation
Occasional Occasional Constant Occasional Constant
Up to 4 clients
per shift.
Activity
completed
morning and
evening.
Frequency and
physical demands are
dependent upon client
ability
Supervision and
prompting required only
for clients with in hand
manipulation skills and
necessary strength and
flexibility
Place toothbrush on
teeth of client’s mouth.
Starting with front, sides,
on top of, underneath,
and behind teeth.
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Pincer grip
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant Constant
Rinse client’s mouth
using water in cup.
Slight forward flexion at hip joint
Gross grip of cup
Unilateral forward reach up to mouth level
Frequent Constant Constant
Toileting – 30 – 60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Transfer non-weight-
bearing client to
commode chair using
above technique
See above See above May be several
times per day
depending on
type of service
May be required several
times per shift
dependent on length of
shift
Supervise/prompt
mobile client
Push commode chair
over toilet
Medium push at waist level Frequent Generally flat hard
surface
Clean client/adjust
clothing
Crouching or stooping
Some twisting if restricted
space
Occasional
Occasional
Dependent on
support worker
skill/experience
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Feeding/medicating – 15-30 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Push client to
dining table
Medium push at waist level Generally only
one or two per
shift maximum
Generally suitable if
good posture adopted
Feed client Sitting
Fine hand manipulation
Unilateral pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach to 90°
shoulder flexion
Constant
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
May involve static
posture if client slow
to respond or if doing
tube feed
Provide medication
to client
Sitting
Pincer grip
Unilateral forward reach up to
mouth level
Gross grip of glass
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Meal Preparation – 30 – 90 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Obtain ingredients
Walking
Squat or crouch/stoop
Reach overhead
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral of between 2 and 10kgs
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Once per shift Dependent on
storage location and
support worker
technique
Assist with bench height
tasks only
Prepare
ingredients
Standing/walking
Bilateral pincer griping
Forearm rotation
Wrist flexion/extension
Forward reach
Trunk rotation
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Once per shift Dependent on
number of clients and
availability of
assistance
Undertake lighter meals
Cooking
Standing/walking
Lifting between 5 - 10kgs
Stooping/crouching
Forward reach
Palmar grips
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Once per shift Dependent on dish
being prepared
Undertake lighter meals
Dishing up
Standing
Forward reach
Bench height lifting
Cylindrical and hook grips and
forearm rotation
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Once per shift Dependent upon
number of clients
Undertake lighter meals
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Cleaning of kitchen and/or bathroom – 30-60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Obtain cleaning
products
Walking
Squat or crouch/stoop
Light lifting/carrying often
unilateral
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Once per shift Dependent on
storage location and
support worker
technique.
Refer to safety data
sheet for regular
chemicals used
Assist with bench height
tasks only
Clean cupboard
surfaces, benches,
etc
Standing
Light forward reach at waist level
Light overhead reach
Gross hand grip
Light push/pull
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Once per shift
Clean floor
surfaces
Walking
Crouching/stooping
Bilateral shoulder forward
flexion/extension
Trunk rotation
Gross hand grip
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Once per shift Dependent on type of
floor surface and
suitability of
equipment
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Laundry duties – 30 – 60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Collect dirty
washing and carry
to laundry if
required
Walking
Light lifting from below waist level
Light carrying to laundry
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Daily depending
on type of
service
Sort washing and
soak in bucket or
tub if required
Gross hand grip
Light lifting
Crouching/stooping
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Daily depending
on type of
service
Place washing in
washing machine
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Daily depending
on type of
service
Dependent on
whether top or front
loader
Remove wet
washing from
washing machine
and place in dryer
Light pulling
Light lifting
Forward reach
Squat/crouch/stoop into machine
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Daily depending
on type of
service
Dependent on
location of dryer
Remove washing
from washing
machine and hang
on clothes line.
Pick dry clothes off
clothes line and
place in basket.
Light pulling
Medium carrying or pushing at
waist level
Bilateral overhead reach
Bend/stoop/crouch
Pinch grip
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Daily depending
on type of
service
Dependent on
availability of trolley
and presence of stairs
Fold dry washing
and store away
Sit/stand/walk
Bilateral gross hand grip and
forearm pronation/supination
Frequent
Frequent
Daily depending
on type of
service
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations
for suitable
duties
Community access – generally daily and Recreational activities – often only on weekends (variable depending on type of respite)
Driving – 30-90
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to
operate controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
May involve
short trips
to collect
clients as
well as
longer trip
to/from
activity
Dependent on vehicle type and
driver skills. Must have a suitable
licence for specific vehicle driven,
e.g. car v’s bus licence.
Must complete vehicle inspection
prior to departure.
Able to restrict
distance and
add mirrors if
required
Client transfers –
approximately 30
minutes per day
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist
level
Fine manipulation if operating
wheelchair hoist controls
Forward reach
Stooping and twisting to attach
seatbelts or wheelchair straps
Rare
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Depends on
respite
service type
but may
involve
several per
shift
If client not able to transfer
independently vehicle with
wheelchair hoist should be used to
avoid physical support of client body
weight
Operation of
hoist only
Pushing client
wheelchair – up
to 60 minutes per
day
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Constant
Constant
Breaks
usually
possible
Dependent on whether indoors or
outdoors
Indoors on flat
smooth surface
Client transfers
with mobile client
requiring physical
assistance.
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Walking up and down steps
Static arm position, shoulder in slight abduction and elbow in 90° flexion to physically assist weight of client while walking
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Frequent Frequent Frequent
Awkward postures are frequented
whilst placing seatbelt and
wheelchair straps around client,
extreme caution recommended.
Shopping – 60-
120 minutes per
day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to
above head level
Bilateral light lifting up to 10kgs
Pushing at waist level
Stooping
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
With
individual or
group with
breaks
Must complete risk assessment prior
to visiting or entering a new venue.
Considerations for alternative routes
should accessibility or safety be
compromised
Light items only
Participate in
activities – up to
120 minutes per
day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to
above head level
Bilateral light lifting up to 10kgs
Sitting on ground
Stooping
Pushing at waist level
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Depends on
involvement
in activity
Activities may range from attending
cinema or concert, eating out,
swimming, bowling, putt putt,
dancing, picnic, BBQ, using park
play equipment, attending a venue
such as zoo, aquarium etc. Must
complete risk assessment prior to
visiting or entering a new venue.
Considerations for alternative
activities should accessibility or
safety be compromised
Light activities at
level suitable
only
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Administration 30-60 minutes per day (variable depending on type of respite)
Complete paperwork Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Constant
Constant
May be at
beginning or
end of shift or
intermittent if in-
home respite
Generally suitable if
good posture adopted
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – EMPLOYMENT SERVICES/TRANSITION TO WORK
HOURS OF WORK:
Support Workers generally work day shifts but may be required to work at night or on weekends to visit clients working these hours.
Hours are generally full-time though some part-time work is possible.
TASK DESCRIPTION
1. Locate suitable employment for clients by liaising with local businesses.
2. Train client in tasks involved in job.
3. Monitor client’s performance at work.
4. Provide skills to clients in job-seeking and job retention.
5. Provide personal care assistance if required by client. This may include the following tasks, to be undertaken in accordance with the policies and
procedures at the service.
Assistance with toileting.
Assistance with dressing
Transferring between wheelchair, motor vehicle, etc.
6. Complete documentation as required by the service.
7. Provide on-going support post job placement
8. May be required to provide first aid treatment.
HUMAN FACTORS
Heights: Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Vehicles, client’s equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Occasional carrying of equipment. Occasional push/pull of lifters, wheel chairs, lifting
equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Frequent sitting, standing and walking
Overall physical demand level: Light to Medium
Work/rest patterns: Generally works 5 days per week.
Frequency of client handling Rare to occasional client transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent keying and writing.
Tools: Motor vehicles, computer
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, safety vests, masks, gloves and aprons as required by client’s job,
sterile hand wipes.
Environmental Considerations
Generally based in a classroom, training facility or an office often located in a shop front but may undertake training at a range of locations depending
on client’s jobs.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Marketing
Problem solving and negotiating skills
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
Maintain professional boundaries
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the client’s disability the support worker may be exposed to abusive behaviours on an occasional basis. These behaviours may range from
swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be directed at another client or at the support worker directly. These
behaviours are usually unintentional but may be frequently repeated. The support worker may be working alone when such behaviours are
demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when an unexpected new behaviour may be
triggered.
Task Analysis categorised by individual task – Employment Services/Transition to Work
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Administration – may be up to full day
Office duties including
phone, computer, file
maintenance
Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Gross grip
Standing/walking
Reach
Constant
Constant
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
Up to full day or
intermittent
between
appointments
Suitable ergonomic
equipment generally
available
Generally suitable if
good posture adopted
or mainly supervision
required
Skills training to clients – may be up to full day
Group/classroom type
activities usually in
office
Sitting
Fine finger manipulation
Standing/walking
Reach
Stooping/squatting
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
3-6 hours
depending on
activity
Dependent on
whether computer
based on discussion
Suitable seating
generally available
Workplace visits – may be up to full day
Driving – 30-120
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to
operate controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
May involve one
or multiple visits
in a day
Dependent on
vehicle type and
driver skills. Must
have a suitable
licence for specific
vehicle driven, e.g.
car v’s bus licence.
Must complete
vehicle inspection
prior to departure.
Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Meeting with
employers
Sitting
Standing/walking
Constant
Frequent
May involve one
or multiple visits
in a day
Train client in task –
may require up to a full
day with one client
Standing/Walking
Light to medium manual
handling
Reaching
Squatting
Gross/fine hand grips
unilateral or bilateral
Sitting
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Dependent on
task
Dependent on work
tasks
Restrict to light tasks
only
Monitor client
performance
Sitting
Standing/walking
Writing
Bilateral/unilateral grip
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Generally several
clients per day
Dependent on work
tasks
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Transferring clients using hoist – rare
Standing/walking Constant Short distances If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only within
those restrictions.
Pull client’s upper
body forward away
from back of
wheelchair
Medium pulling with shoulder
flexion to 90°
Occasional Up to 2 per day Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below waist
level
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Place sling
Operate hoist
controls to raise
person
Gross grip with forearm rotation Occasional Up to 2 per day
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at Occasional Up to 2 per day Force dependent on
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist level to
stabilise client
Occasional
floor surface, route
and space
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm rotation
Light reaching and stooping to
position client
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Dependent on support
worker skill and
environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above As above Up to 2 per day If sling does not
cause pressure points
may be left in place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing rare
Place garments on
client’s body
Gross grip and forward reach
from chest level or floor level
Crouching or stooping
especially to reach lower limbs
Medium push/pull of trunk or
whole body of client depending
whether seated or lying
Medium lifting of client’s limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do up
buttons etc
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Client may be able to
assist with moving
trunk forward
Client may be able to
assist with lifting of
limbs or hips
If client suffers
contractures or resists
process more force
may be required
Generally able to
obtain assistance
Place on socks
and shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Up to 2 per day
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Toileting – rare
Transfer non-weight-
bearing client to
commode chair using
above technique
See above See above Up to 2 per
day
Generally able to
obtain assistance
Push commode chair
over toilet
Medium push at waist level Frequent Up to 2 per
day
Generally flat hard surface
Clean client/adjust
clothing
Crouching or stooping
Forward reach
Some twisting if restricted
space
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per
day
Dependent on support
worker skill/experience
Recreational activities – occasional on weekends or evening/night time
Driving – 30-90
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to
operate controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
One return
trip
Dependent on vehicle
type and driver skills
Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Client transfers – rare
Potential lifting of
wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at
waist level
Fine manipulation if
operating wheelchair hoist
Rare
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per
day
If client not able to transfer
independently vehicle with
wheelchair hoist should be
used to avoid physical
support of client body
weight
Operation of hoist only
controls
Forward reach
Stooping and twisting to
attach seatbelts or
wheelchair straps
Occasional
Occasional
Client transfers with
mobile client requiring
physical assistance.
Potential lifting of wheelchair
Pushing of wheelchair at waist level
Walking up and down steps
Static arm position, shoulder in slight abduction and elbow in 90° flexion to physically assist weight of client while walking
Stooping and twisting to attach seatbelts in limited space from waist to floor level of bus
Rare Occasional Frequent Frequent Frequent Frequent
If client not able to transfer
independently vehicle with
wheelchair hoist should be
used to avoid physical
support of client body
weight.
Awkward postures are
frequented whilst placing
seatbelt and wheelchair
straps around client,
extreme caution
recommended.
Pushing client
wheelchair rare
Walking
Medium push at waist level
Constant
Constant
Up to 2 per
day
Dependent on whether
indoors or outdoors
Indoors on flat smooth
surface
Participate in activities
– up to 120 minutes
per day
Walking
Gross hand grip
Forward reach
Reaching between ankle to
above head level
Bilateral light lifting up to
10kgs
Sitting on ground
Stooping
Pushing at waist level
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per
day
Activities may range from
attending cinema or
concert, eating out,
swimming, bowling, putt
putt, dancing, picnic, BBQ,
using park play
equipment, attending a
venue such as zoo,
aquarium etc.
Light activities at level
suitable only
JOB ANALYSIS
OCCUPATION: SUPPORT WORKER – DISABILITY ENTERPRISES
HOURS OF WORK:
Support Workers generally work day shifts but may attend some after hours functions on occasions.
Hours are generally full-time though some part-time work is possible.
TASK DESCRIPTION
1. Assess client’s suitability for tasks.
2. Train client in tasks involved in job and in safety practices.
3. Assist client on the job completing work related tasks
4. Monitor client’s performance at work.
5. Provide skills to clients in personal development areas e.g. handling money.
6. Provide personal care assistance if required by client. This may include the following tasks, to be undertaken in accordance with the policies and
procedures at the service.
Assistance with toileting.
Assistance with dressing
Transferring between wheelchair, motor vehicle, etc.
7. Complete documentation as required by the service.
8. May be required to provide first aid treatment.
HUMAN FACTORS
Heights: Floor to overhead.
Controls and displays: Work equipment, client’s equipment.
Force exertion/lift: Occasional carrying of equipment and material. Occasional push/pull of lifters, wheel
chairs, lifting equipment in and out of cars. Rolling resistance ranges from 5kg to 15kg.
Postural requirements: Occasional sitting, frequent standing and walking
Overall physical demand level: Light to Medium
Work/rest patterns: Generally works 5 days per week.
Frequency of client handling Rare to occasional client transfers.
Handling and fingering requirements: Frequent keying and writing, frequently handling of work products/equipment.
Tools: Task specific work tools, computer
Protective clothing: Closed-in shoes, safety vests, masks, gloves and aprons as required by tasks
undertaken, sterile hand wipes.
Environmental Considerations
Generally based in a factory or warehouse environment but may also work externally on landscaping, letterbox drops or recycling runs. There may be
some manual handling manoeuvres required in restricted space; which can be made more difficult by clutter e.g. if the factory has extra stock which
needs to be distributed, difficulty with client mobility and transfers may occur.
Psychosocial Considerations
A range of skills are required including:
Time management and organisational skills
- Ability to work within time constraints
- Ability to prioritise tasks
Build rapport
Problem solving and negotiating skills
- Is alert and responsive to changes in the environment and the changing needs of the client.
- Ability to deal with emergencies
- Ability to work under pressure
- Can negotiate with client and employer suitable duties for the client
Maintain professional boundaries
Supervisory
- Observing and monitoring clients
Task analysing
- Able to break the job down into smaller tasks in order to properly train the client in the individual steps of the task
Training skills
- Able to develop steps and effectively teach the client a new skill
- Understands different learning techniques and uses these techniques to communicate steps in task
Decision making
- Understanding and meeting client needs
- Making choices that are at the client’s best interests while providing them with the opportunity to make decisions for themselves.
Communication skills with residents, medical and allied health professionals
- Can provide positive behaviour support
- Is resilient to challenging behaviours
- Can report back to clients attending physician and supporting health professionals when necessary or upon request.
- Can provide feedback to family and health professionals regarding client daily activity.
Due to the client’s disability the support worker may be exposed to abusive behaviours on an occasional basis. These behaviours may range from
swearing, verbal abusive or threats or physical abuse or threats and may be directed at another client or at the support worker directly. These
behaviours are usually unintentional but may be frequently repeated. The support worker may be working alone when such behaviours are
demonstrated. A behaviour support plan will be in place for known behaviours but there are occasions when an unexpected new behaviour may be
triggered.
Task Analysis categorised by individual task – Disability Enterprises
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations
for suitable duties
Administration – generally one or two hours at a time
Office duties
including phone,
computer, file
maintenance
Sitting
Pinch and tripod grip
Gross grip
Standing/walking
Reach
Constant
Constant
Constant
Occasional
Occasional
One or two hours or
intermittent between
appointments
Suitable
ergonomic
equipment
generally
available
Skills training to clients – ranges from one to 4 hours depending on tasks and aim of training
Group/classroom
type activities
usually in training
room
Sitting
Fine finger manipulation
Standing/walking
Reach
Stooping/squatting
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
1-4 hours depending on
activity and may be
repeated over the day
Dependent on
whether
computer based
or discussion
Suitable seating
generally available
Work specific training/supervision– may be up to full day
Driving – 30-60
minutes per day
Sitting
Bilateral gross hand grip
Bilateral forward reach
Unilateral ankle/knee
flexion/extension
Trunk twisting
Neck rotation
Fine hand manipulation to
operate controls
Constant
Constant
Constant
Frequent
Occasional
Frequent
Occasional
Only required if work is
undertaken outdoors and
generally between
worksite and base
Dependent on
vehicle type and
driver skills
Able to restrict
distance and add
mirrors if required
Meeting with customers to do marketing/quotes
Sitting
Standing/walking
Constant
Frequent
May involve one or more visits in a day but not undertaken every day
Train client(s) in
task – may involve
verbal prompting or
demonstration
Standing/Walking
Light to medium manual
handling
Reaching
Squatting
Gross/fine hand grips
unilateral or bilateral
Sitting
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Daily and often repeated
with several clients
depending on tasks
Dependent on
work tasks
Restrict to light
tasks only
Monitor client
performance
Sitting
Standing/walking
Writing
Bilateral/unilateral grip
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Generally several clients
per day
Dependent on
work tasks
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Transferring clients using hoist – rare to occasional
Standing/walking Constant Short distances If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only within
those restrictions.
Pull client’s upper
body forward away
from back of
wheelchair
Medium pulling with shoulder
flexion to 90°
Occasional Up to 2 per day Place sling
Lift individual legs Medium lifting at below waist
level
Stooping
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Place sling
Operate hoist
controls to raise
person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Occasional Up to 2 per day
Push/pull hoist Medium pushing/pulling at
shoulder height
Light reaching at waist level to
stabilise client
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Force dependent on
floor surface, route
and space
Operate controls to
lower person
Gross grip with forearm
rotation
Light reaching and stooping to
position client
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Dependent on support
worker skill and
environment
May or may not
remove sling
As above As above Up to 2 per day If sling does not
cause pressure points
may be left in place
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Dressing – rare to occasional
Place garments on
client’s body
Gross grip and forward reach
from chest level or floor level
Crouching or stooping especially
to reach lower limbs
Medium push/pull of trunk or
whole body of client depending
whether seated or lying
Medium lifting of client’s limbs
Fine bilateral pinch to do up
buttons etc
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Client may be able to
assist with moving
trunk forward
Client may be able to
assist with lifting of
limbs or hips
If client suffers
contractures or resists
process more force
may be required
Generally able to
obtain assistance
Place on socks and
shoes
Gross hand manipulation
Squatting/kneeling
Occasional
Frequent
Up to 2 per day
Toileting – rare
Transfer non-
weight-bearing client
to commode chair
using above
technique
See above See above Up to 2 per day Generally able to
obtain assistance
Push commode
chair over toilet
Medium push at waist level Frequent Up to 2 per day Generally flat hard
surface
Clean client/adjust
clothing
Crouching or stooping
Forward reach
Twisting if restricted space
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Up to 2 per day Dependent on support
worker
skill/experience
Actions Physical Demands Frequency Repetitions Comments Considerations for
suitable duties
Job Specific tasks
Loading and unloading
pallets
Crouching
Bending at hip joint
Lifting boxes up to 20kg
Reaching
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Dependant on
frequency of
job rotations,
staffing and
level of
assistance
required.
Frequency is
amount based
on task
allocation. If
task not
allocated,
frequency
becomes rare.
Mostly supervision of
the task.
A support worker will
step in when
necessary.
Mostly just set up
and clean up after
task competition.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only
within those
restrictions.
Product Labelling
Seated or standing
Fine hand manipulation
Gross hand grip
Reaching
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Weighing of product
Seated or standing
Forward head flexion
Fine hand manipulation
Gross hand grip
Reaching
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Heat sealer
Seated
Fine finger manipulation
Gross hand grip
Right or left foot plantar
flexion (slight leg extension)
Reaching
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Dependant on
frequency of
job rotations,
staffing and
level of
assistance
required.
Mostly supervision of
the task.
A support worker will
step in when
necessary.
Mostly just set up
and clean up after
task competition.
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only
within those
restrictions.
Tape gun usage
Seated or standing
Gross hand grip
Grasp and squeezing tape
gun
Slight bending
Lifting up to 20kg
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Placing lids on products
Seated or standing
Gross hand grip
Fine finger manipulation
Grasping and squeezing lid
and jar
Reaching
Constant
Frequent
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Setting up task
Walking
Standing
Gross hand grip
Fine finger manipulation
Lifting up to 20kg
Bending at waist level
Reaching
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Completed at
the beginning
of every shift,
prior to support
worker
commencing
work
If restrictions in place
may provide
assistance and/or
supervision only
within those
restrictions.
Cleaning of work area Walking
Standing
Gross hand grip
Fine finger manipulation
Lifting up to 20 kg
Bending at waist level
Reaching
Occasional
Frequent
Frequent
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Occasional
Completed at
the end of
every shift. Will
depend upon
type of product
and amount of
staff assisting.
TABLE 1. PHYSICAL DEMANDS – STRENGTH RATING AND FREQUENCY OF WORK
Frequenc
y of work Physical demand strength rating
Sedentary Light Medium Heavy Very
heavy
Occasion
al
Up to 5kgs Up to 9kgs 9-23kgs 23-45kgs >45kgs
Frequent Negligible Up to 5kgs 5-11kgs 11-23kgs >23kgs
Constant 0 Negligible Up to 5kgs 5-9kgs >9kgs
Sitting most of
the
time; may
involve
walking or
standing
for brief periods.
(1)
Standing/walking to a significant degree; or
(2)
Lifting most of the time but entails pushing and/or
pulling of arm or leg controls and/or
(3)
job requires working at a production rate pace
entailing constant pushing and/or pulling of
materials, even though the weight is negligible.
Standing/walking to a significant degree
for all
categories. Medium to Very heavy
The strength factor rating refers to the force exerted to lift, carry, push, pull or otherwise move objects, including the human body.
FREQUENCY OF WORK
Occasionally: Activity or condition exists to 1/3 of the time (0-33%)
Frequently: Activity or condition exists from 1/3 to 2/3 of the time (34-66%)
Constantly: Activity or condition exists 2/3 or more of the time (67-100%)
For convenience, the percentages, noted in brackets (), have been widely used in describing frequency of work.
TABLE 2: PERSON TRANSFERS – FORCES
ACTIVITY PERSON WEIGHT
60 KG 80 KG 100 KG 120 KG
SIT PATIENT FORWARD
Min. head control 17.8 28.9 35.3
SIT ON EDGE OF BED
HEAVY - 100% OF SIT
FORWARD
17.8 28.9 35.3
LIGHT – 60% OF SIT FORWARD 10.7 17.3 21.2
ROLL ONTO SIDE (no slide
sheet)
1- ROLL 8.7 16.5 27.9
2- PULL BOTTOM THROUGH 28.5 42.4 53.5
LIFT LEGS 8.5 15.2 16.3
SLIDE SHEETS
SLIDE UP BED 60 KG 80 KG 100 KG 120 KG
1 slide sheet (doubled)
Patient’s knees bent
9.9 14.8 20.1 N/A
1 slide sheet (doubled)
Patient’s legs straight
18.9 24 32.2 N/A
2 slide sheets
Patient’s legs straight
14 20.4 24.9 28
ROLLING
1 slide sheet doubled.
Knee bent, arm reach, head
turned
16.9 14.5 16.4 20.4
Reference: ‘Patient transfers – forces’, 2004. Paul Rothmore, Senior Physiotherapist / Ergonomist, Repatriation General Hospital, and Gillian Elix,
Ergonomist, Flinders Medical Centre.
TABLE 3: PUSH / PULL FORCES OF EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT EMPTY EMPTY
WITH
LOAD WITH LOAD
PUSH PULL PUSH PULL
Wheelchair
(standard):
empty; light client
4 kg 4 kg (52 kg Res)
6 kg
(52 kg Res)
5 kg
Wheelchair:
heavier client - -
(79kg Res)
7 kg
(79kg Res)
7 kg
Shower chair:
Flat carpeted surface
3 kg 3 kg (72 kg Res)
13 – 15 kg
(72 kg Res)
10 –12 kg
Shower chair:
linoleum/bathroom floor
empty; heavier client
2 kg 2 kg (72 kg Res)
9 - 10 kg
(72 kg Res)
10 –12 kg
Note: ‘shower chair with load’: the range refers to residents feet being off, and then on, the pull-out
footplate
Q foams: empty 5 kg 4 kg - -
Q foams: heavier
resident/client - -
(72 kg Res)
17 kg
(72 kg Res)
13 – 15 kg
Lifter - flat carpeted
surface 6 kg 6 kg
(72kg Res)
13 kg
(72kg Res)
14 kg
Beds 10 kg 16 kg (72 kg Res)
13 – 15 kg
(72 kg Res)
20 - 22 kg
Cleaning Trolley 4 kg 4 kg
Linen Trolley
(¾ full)
6 kg
(¾ full)
6 kg
Reference: Mary Hill, Safe Work Practice, Clinical Application, 2005. Forces were measured using a ‘Baseline’ hydraulic push/pull dynamometer.
Physical Demands Factors
CARRYING Transporting an object, usually holding it in the hands or arms or on
the shoulder.
CLIMBING Ascending or descending ladders, stairs, scaffoldings, ramps, poles
and the like; using feet and legs, and/or hands and arms.
CROUCHING Bending body downward and forward by bending legs and spine.
FEELING Perceiving attributes of objects, such as size, shape, temperature, or
texture, by touching with skin, particularly that of fingertips.
HANDLING Seizing, holding, grasping, turning or otherwise working with the hand
or hands. Fingers are involved only to the extent that they are an
extension of the hand.
KNEELING Bending legs at knees to come to rest on knee or knees.
LIFTING Raising or lowering an object from one level to another – includes
upward pulling.
PULLING Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves toward the
force (includes jerking).
PUSHING Exerting force upon an object so that the object moves away from the
force (includes slapping, striking, kicking, and treadle actions).
REACHING Extending hand(s) and arm(s) in any direction.
SITTING Remaining in the normal seated position.
STANDING Remaining on one’s feet in an upright position at a workstation without
moving about.
STOOPING Bending body downward and forward by bending spine at the waist.
This factor is important if it occurs to a considerable degree and
requires full use of lower extremities and back muscles.
WALKING Moving about on foot.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Abduction: Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of the limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
Adduction: Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of the limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits).
ASCO: Australian Standard Classification of Occupations
Bending: To force into a different or particular, especially curved, shape, as by pressure.
Biceps: A muscle with two origins or heads. Commonly used to refer to the biceps brachii muscle.
Carpal tunnel: Channel on the palmar side of the wrist formed by the irregular small bones of the wrist and tough ligament stretched across it.
The flexor tendons of the fingers, the median nerve, and some blood vessels pass through the carpal tunnel.
Deltoid: Large muscle of the shoulder that abducts and otherwise moves the upper arm about the shoulder joint against external loads.
Distal: Situated away from the centre of the body, or from the point of origin; specifically applied to the extremity or distant part of a limb or organ.
Dorsiflexion: Turning upward of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers.
Dynamic: The science of motion in response to forces.
Ergonomics: A branch of ecology concerned with human factors in the design and operations of machines and the physical environment.
Extension: The act of bringing the distal portion of a joint in continuity (though only parallel) with the long axis of the proximal portion.
Flexion: The act of flexing or bending, e.g. bending of a joint so as to approximate the parts it connects.
Force: That which tends to produce motion in a body.
Frontal plane: In front; relating to the anterior part of a body.
Goniometer: A calibrated device designed to measure the arc or range of motion of a joint.
Gross: Gripping: Grasping, seizing, holding with a large finger span.
Isometric: In physiology, denoting the condition when the ends of a contracting muscle are held fixed so that the contraction produces Increased
tension at a constant overall length.
Job: A set of tasks designed to be performed by one individual in return for a wage or salary.
Kyphosis: A deformity of the spine characterised by extensive flexion.
Lordosis: An abnormal extension deformity; anteroposterior curvature of the spine, generally lumbar with the convexity looking anteriorly.
Lumbar: Relating to the loins, or the part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis.
Lumbosacral joint: Joint between fifth lumbar vertebra and sacrum.
Medial: Relating to the middle or centre; nearer to the median or midsagittal plane.
Median Nerve: A large important nerve that activates muscles that pronate the forearm and flex forearm, wrist and fingers. The sensory part of the
nerve provides feedback information from the thumb and the first two and one half fingers.
Occupation: A set of jobs with similar sets of tasks.
Plantar flexion: Bending about the ankle joint in the direction of the sole of the foot.
Prehensile: Adapted for taking hold of or grasping.
Pronation of the forearm: Rotation of the forearm in such a way that the palm of the hand faces backward when the arm is in the anatomical
position, or downward when the arm is extended at a right angle to the body.
Proximal: Nearest the trunk or the point of the origin, said of part of a limb.
Pulmonary: Pertaining to the lung.
Range of motion: The range of translation and rotation of a joint for each of its degrees of freedom.
Rotation: Turning or movement of a body round its axis.
Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column (spine).
Stiffness: Rigid or firm in substance; not flexible, pliant or easily bent.
Strain: To make an effort to the limit of ones strength; or, the change in shape that a body undergoes when acted upon by an external force.
Stress: The force or pressure applied or exerted between portion of a body or bodies, generally expressed in pounds per square inch.
Supination: Supination of the forearm: Rotation of the forearm in such a way that the palm of the hand faces forward when the arm is in the
anatomical position, or upward when the arm is extended at a right angle to the body.
Tendinitis: Also tendonitis, inflammation of tendon (including tendon sheath).
Tendon: A fibrous cord or band of variable length that connects a muscle with its bony attachments.
Tendon sheaths: A sheath of synovial membrane enveloping certain of the tendons.
Torsion: Twisting or rotation of a part upon its long axis.
Transverse: Crosswise; lying across the long axis of the body.
Triceps: Three-headed large extensor muscle of the upper arm. Originates from the back of the humerus and the shoulder blade and inserts into the
proximal tip of the ulna.
Work: That which is accomplished when a force acts against resistance to produce motion.
DIAGRAM 1. GRIP POSITIONS OF THE HANDS/FINGERS
Cylindrical
Ball/spherical
Hook
Palmar Pinch Key/lateral Pincer
DIAGRAM 2. POSITIONS OF THE HAND AND ARM
Neutral Radial deviation
Neutral
Ulnar deviation
Neutral Radial deviation
Abduction
Pronation Neutral Adduction
Supination
Ulnar deviation
Abduction
Adduction
Pronation
Flexion
Extension
Supination