Occupational Health Program and Biosafety Level 2 Trainingularnews.osu.edu/files/2010/09/ULAR-CE-Course_Occupational-Healt… · Occupational Health Program and Biosafety Level 2

Occupational Health Program and Biosafety Level 2 TrainingCarrie Freed, MLAS, DVM, [email protected], 292-7319

AgendaAgenda

• Occupational Health and SafetyOccupational Health and Safety Program

• What are risks that you may be• What are risks that you may be exposed to?Bi f t l l h t d th ?• Biosafety levels-what do they mean?

• How do we post our animal rooms to keep you safe?

Occupational Health and S f t PSafety Program

Animal Care and Use Program

Must include a health program for personnel who work in lab animal facilities or have frequent contact with animals


• Depends on:• Depends on:– Facility

R h ti iti– Research activities– Hazards – Animal Species

“M t b t f th“Must be part of the overall animal care and

”use program”


• Operational and day to day responsibility for safety in the workplace resides with who?

• Depends on performance of safePI, Director, Supervisor and VetDepends on performance of safe work practices by all employees

• Coordinated effort by EHS IACUC• Coordinated effort by EHS, IACUC, Occupational Health, ULAR


• Accomplished by:• Accomplished by:– Limiting exposure

Promptl detecting and treating– Promptly detecting and treating exposuresUsing information gained from work– Using information gained from work injuries to further enhance safety precautionsprecautions



• HOW DOES OSU CAPTUREHOW DOES OSU CAPTURE INDIVIDUALS WORKING WITH ANIMALS??ANIMALS??

• Enroll in the online Occupational Health RegistryHealth Registry

Occupational Health RegistryRegistry

3. In your work, do you have contact/exposure to the following animals? Exposure

4. In your work, do you handle or have exposure to the following?

Species SpecifyYesNoYesNo

Amphibians

Fish

NoYesNoYes

Non-Human Primates

ild l / il /A hibi

PoultryYesNoYesNoYes

Primate Tissues

Other Animal Tissues

YesNoYesNoYes

Rodents (mice,rats)

Wild Rodents

NoYesNoYesNo

Pregnant Mammals (except rodents)

Arthropods

Wild Mammals/Reptiles/Amphibians NoYesNoYesNoY

Human Cell Lines

Animal Cell Lines

Human Tissues

YesNoYesNoYesNBi d

Reptiles

Cattle

YesNoYesNoYes

Toxic/Venomous Animals

Cats

YesNoYesNoYesNo

Toxins, Venoms

Formaldehyde etc

Infectious Agents

NoYesNoYesNoNon-Human Primates

Birds

Poultry

NoYesNoYesNoSheep/Goats

Dogs

Hamsters/Rabbits/Guinea Pigs

NoYesNoYesNoYes

Pesticides

Anesthetics

Formaldehyde, etc

YesNoYesNoYes

Pregnant Mammals (except rodents)

Wild Mammals/Reptiles/Amphibians

NoYesNoYesNoY

Swine

Sheep/Goats

Horses

NoYesNoYesNoOther

Anti-Neoplastic Compounds

Carcinogens

Evaluate Individual RiskEvaluate Individual Risk

• CategoryCategory1 - Minimal Risk (<5 hours)

2 Small animal contact2 - Small animal contact ( >5 hrs, lg animals)

3 Contact w/ wildlife (toxic/venomous)3 - Contact w/ wildlife (toxic/venomous)

4 - Non human PrimateULAR t ff• ULAR staff

• Research staff• Veterinary Students

Evaluate Individual Risk

Preventive medicine

Evaluate Individual Risk

Preventive medicine• Requirements of all groups

I iti l ti i ( li i t )– Initial questionnaire (online registry)– Annual update– Tetanus within 10 years (recommended)

• +/- rabies and flu vaccine• Frozen serum• VaccinesVaccines

– measles, rubella, hepatitis A and B


What are the risks?•Biological

•Microorganisms (zoonosis)

Macaca fascicularis –Cyno macaque monkey

Xenopus Laevis-Xenopus LaevisAfrican Clawed Frog

UNIVERSITY LABORATORY ANIMAL RESOURCES

Rabies Virus Potential Zoonotic, Occupational Hazard

Rabies virus is a virus that affects the central nervous system.

The rabies virus infects virtually all mammals, but the following wild-caught animals are at greater risk of being infected:

Sources of Exposure

1. Saliva (bite wound) 2 Brain/nervous system

1. Raccoons 2. Opossums 3. Skunks 4. Foxes 5. Coyotes 6 Bats

2. Brain/nervous system tissue

Signs and Symptoms

1. Prickling/itching at exposure site

2 F i 6. Bats7. Feral dogs and cats

2. Fatigue 3. Fever 4. Headache 5. Anxiety 6. Confusion 7. Agitation

g8. Hallucination 9. Insomnia

10. Convulsions 11. Paralysis or spasms 12. Death

Signs that an animal may have rabies include aimless roaming, unusual lack of fear, and incoordination. Symptoms typically appear in 2-12 weeks, depending on where the exposure occurred on the body

Ways to Prevent Exposure 1. Rabies vaccination 2. Follow all PPE

requirements 3. Use caution when depending on where the exposure occurred on the body.

Exposure in humans can occur via bite wounds or if infected saliva or nervous tissue comes into contact with your mucous membranes. Once symptoms are present, the fatality rate is nearly 100% in humans.

working with wild animals


Ringworm InfectionPotential Zoonotic, Occupational Hazard

Ringworm is a skin infection caused by a fungus, NOT by a worm.

Multiple laboratory animal species are susceptible to becoming infected with ringworm, and are often seen having hair loss on the body and/or a “ring” that is red, raised in appearance, and itchy. Animals can also carry

Sources of Exposure

1. Infected animals - dogs, cats, rabbits, etc.

2 Infected coworkers the fungus without showing clinical signs. 2. Infected coworkers

Signs and Symptoms 1. Itchy, red, raised

patches or lesions 2. May/may not create

the appearance of a

the appearance of a “ring”

3. Hair loss at the affected area

4. Discolored, thickened nail-bed if nails are infectedinfected

Ways to Prevent Exposure 1. Follow all PPE

requirements, including wearing non-porous

Ringworm is contagious, and can be passed person-to-person via skin. It can also be transmitted via people-to-animal contact, and by animal-to-

wearing non porous gloves

2. Wash and dry hands thoroughly after handling animals

p p , y

people contact.

There is no lasting immunity, and exposure can reoccur. Topical skin medication is often successful at treating ringworm, but treatment is prolonged.

UNIVERSITY LABORATORY

ANIMAL RESOURCES


Q Fever Potential Zoonotic, Occupational Hazard

Q Fever is caused by a bacterium called Coxiella burnetii. Sheep can

carry the infection without showing clinical signs.

Sources of Exposure

1. Urine 2. Feces 3. Aerosol

Signs and Symptoms 1. High Fever 2. Severe Headache

3. Muscle pain 4. Chills and Sweats 5. Nausea and Vomiting 6. Diarrhea 7. Chest Pain 8. Weight Loss

Symptoms usually appear within two weeks from exposure. Complete

recovery with antibiotics takes months to years. Human to human

transmission and death are possible, but rare.

8. Weight Loss 9. Pneumonia

10. Hepatitis 11. Endocarditis

Ways to Prevent ExposureYou have an increased risk of an infection if you have any of the following conditions:

1. Heart Disease

2. Vascular Grafts

3 O l

Ways to Prevent Exposure1. Follow all PPE

requirements, including wearing non-porous gloves

2. Dispose of all potentially infectious 3. Organ Transplant

4. Kidney Disease

5. Current or recent chemotherapy or radiation treatment.

potentially infectious material properly

UNIVERSITY LABORATORY


Orf Virus/Sore Mouth InfectionPotential Zoonotic, Occupational Hazard

Orf , also known as “Sore Mouth” or “Scabby Mouth”, is caused by a

member of the poxvirus group. It easily spreads from one animal to other

animals or people.

Sources of Exposure

1. Handling or petting infected animals

2. Handling infected equipment (bottle feeding, tube feeding, shearing animals)

3. Being bitten 4 Having an open

4. Having an open, exposed wound accessible to an infected animal

Signs and Symptoms

1 L i ki

Sheep and goats will commonly have sores on the lips, muzzle, and in the mouth (see photos above.) Sheep and goats may also get lesions on the teats and lower legs, particularly if they are currently nursing. These symptoms

1. Lesions on skin2. The most common

lesion locations are hands, arms, and face

Ways to Prevent Exposure

could also be indicative of an even more serious disease called Foot and Mouth Disease.

There is no lasting immunity following infection with the Orf Virus, so repeated infections are possible. 40% of research and farm facilities have had an outbreak.

1. Follow all PPE requirements, including wearing non-porous gloves and additional protection if you have a skin abrasion had an outbreak.

You have an increased risk of an infection if you have any of the following conditions:

1. Autoimmune Disease

2 Organ Transplant

2. Wash hands after all contact


What are the risks?•Biological

•Allergens


What are the risks?•Physical

•Bite wounds, falls, equipment

Gnashing teethteeth


What are the risks?•Physical

•Chemical: cleaning, disinfectants, solvents, etc


What are the risks?•Biological agents used to create animal models

Human Cancer CellsHuman Cancer Cellshttp://idiopathicmedicine.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/needlestick1.jpeg


What are the risks?•Biological agents used to create animal models (blood born pathogens)

LeishmaniasisTick Born Disease

www.cdc.gov www.nature.com


What are the risks?•Biological agents – potential shedding

Influenza

Histoplasmosis

Salmonella

Histoplasmosis

Hazardous agentsHazardous agents

• PI use of hazardous agents may i dditi l lrequire additional approval

– Chemical Hygiene Plan– Biosafety Plan (risk group 2 and 3)– Radiation Safety Plan

BiohazardBiohazard

• Definition: infectious agents orDefinition: infectious agents or hazardous biological materials that present a risk or potential risk topresent a risk or potential risk to the health of humans, animals or the environmentthe environment. – direct through infection

indirect through damage to the– indirect through damage to the environment.

Assigning Assigning BiosafetyBiosafetyL lL l

1. Hazard recognition and identification LevelsLevels

gat the time of protocol submission and review

2. Risk assessment by The Institutional Biosafety Officer (IBO)Biosafety Officer (IBO)

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentHazardous Facilities characteristics of agent: available

E i tProbable routes of transmission

Equipment practices and

Infective doseStability in the

pprocedures

environmentHost rangeEndemic nature

Risk AssessmentRoutes of Transmission

Risk Assessment

• Parenteral inoculation (needle stick)• Direct skin eye or mucosal membraneDirect skin, eye, or mucosal membrane

exposure (splash)• Ingestion• Ingestion • Inhalation

Is the risk to research staff and/or husbandry staff?y

Assigning Assigning BiosafetyBiosafetyL lL l

1. Hazard recognition and identification LevelsLevels

gat the time of protocol submission and review

2. Risk assessment by The Institutional Biosafety Officer (IBO)Biosafety Officer (IBO)

3. Information from the risk assessment is used to generate an OASIS formis used to generate an OASIS form, when needed

What does OASIS stand f ??for??

A Optional animal safety informationA. Optional animal safety information sheet

B OSU animal science inoculationB. OSU animal science inoculation standard

C OSU i l f t i f ti h tC. OSU animal safety information sheetD. Ohio animal standard information

sheet

Principles of BiosafetyPrinciples of Biosafety

• “Containment” of potentially harmfulContainment of potentially harmful biological agents

To reduce or eliminate exposure to– To reduce or eliminate exposure to potentially hazardous agents

PrimaryPrimary –– protects personnel and protects personnel and immediate lab environmentimmediate lab environmentimmediate lab environmentimmediate lab environmentSecondarySecondary-- protects environment protects environment

t l t th l bt l t th l bexternal to the labexternal to the lab

Can you give me examples Can you give me examples of ways that we provide y pprimary containment in the vivarium???vivarium???

Safety EquipmentSafety EquipmentSafety EquipmentSafety Equipment

Mi i l t iMicroisolator caging

Safety EquipmentSafety EquipmentSafety EquipmentSafety Equipment

A. front openingB. sashC. exhaust HEPA filterD lD. rear plenumE. supply HEPA filterF. blower

Product,Personnel, & E i t lEnvironmental Protection

The Class II, Type A BSC

Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment• Primary barriers

– Biosafety Cabinets (BSC)• HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters

in the exhaust and supply systemsin the exhaust and supply systems.

– remove at least 99.97% of airborne particles 0.3 micrometers (µm) or larger in diameter(µ ) g

• Paper thin sheets of borosilicate medium, pleated

Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment

• Laminar Flow dump station


Laminar Flow dump station– Air flow pull potential aerosols and

allergens down for containmentallergens down for containment

MUST BEMUST BE CERTIFIED FOR BSL-2 USE

AIR FLOW

USE


• Personal Protective


equipment– Gloves, gown, shoe

covers bootscovers, boots, respirators, face shields, safety glasses or gogglesg gg

– Used in conjunction with BSC and other devices that contain the agents or animals

Can you give me examples Can you give me examples of ways that we provide y psecondary containment in the vivarium???the vivarium???

Facility Design and C t ti

• Appropriate

ConstructionAppropriate decontamination and disposal


• Room air pressure is specialize based on functional needs

Construction

based on functional needs– Positive pressure rooms– Negative Pressure roomsg

Laboratory Practice and T h iTechnique

Standard Microbiological Practices• Eating, drinking, smoking,

handling contact lenses, applying cosmetics, and storing food for human use are not permitted in the work areas.

• Posting of Biohazard signs• Sharps containersSharps containers

TerminologyTerminology•Risk GroupRisk Group

•Agent

•Biosafety Levels (BSL)

• The classification of the work being done gin the laboratory with that Agent

•Animal Biosafety Levels (ABSL)•Animal Biosafety Levels (ABSL)

• Animals infected with that agent and being housed in research vivariumbeing housed in research vivarium

•species selection (zoonotic agents)

ABSL-1 ROOMSABSL 1 ROOMS

• A basic level of containmentA basic level of containment– standard microbiological practices

no special primary or secondary barriers– no special primary or secondary barriers recommended, other than a sink for hand washing.hand washing.

MAJORITY OF OUR ANIMALMAJORITY OF OUR ANIMAL ROOMS!!!!


• Moderate-risk agents associated withModerate risk agents associated with human disease of varying severity

• Primary containment equipment• Primary containment equipment (BSC and microisolator cages) and PPE should be used as appropriatePPE should be used as appropriate

• Handwashing sinks +/- waste d t i ti i tdecontamination equipment

Where? BRT 44 suite, Rooms in ,Psychology and Postle Hall


• Indigenous or exotic agents whichIndigenous or exotic agents which may cause serious and potentially lethal infectionlethal infection

• Potential for respiratory transmissionAll l b t i l ti h ld• All laboratory manipulations should be performed in a BSC or other

l d i t i l f ilitienclosed equipment, special facilities

Where? BRT and West CampuspTuberculosis and Francisella


• BSL-3 suiteConstruction

– Physical separation from access corridors– Restricted assess

Self closing double door access (Air lock)– Self closing, double door access (Air lock)– Autoclave available– All seams must be sealed due to risk of aerosolAll seams must be sealed due to risk of aerosol

hazard

ABSL-4 ROOMSABSL 4 ROOMS• Dangerous and exotic agents, high g g g

risk of life-threatening disease, which for which there is no available vaccine or therapy

• Risk of aerosol transmission requiresRisk of aerosol transmission requires use of a PAPR, isolated and specialized facilityspecialized facility

Where? CDC, NIH, MD, TX, MASS , , , ,

Species Specific HousingSpecies Specific Housing

• Rodents vs Large AnimalsRodents vs. Large Animals– Rodents

• Barrier setting provides additional• Barrier setting provides additional containment: MI caging and BSC available

– Working in a BSC with a front sash provides eye t ti f lprotection for personnel

– Shoe covers are not needed due to housing standard

– Rabbits, Dogs, Etc• Conventionally housed• Eye protection and Shoe Covers/boots may

be needed for personnel protection


What are the risks?•Biological agents used to create animal models

Human Cancer CellsHuman Cancer Cellshttp://idiopathicmedicine.files.wordpress.com/2010/09/needlestick1.jpeg

NN

Risk to research staff only!!1. Doesn’t requires a

d di d Bi h ddedicated Biohazard room (standard room entry signs used)

2 No risk of shed in animal2. No risk of shed in animal housing so no decontamination needed

3 No longer need to post3. No longer need to post OASIS form


What are the risks?•Biological agents used to create animal models (blood born pathogens)

LeishmaniasisTick Born Disease

www.cdc.gov www.nature.com

Risk to both research/ULAR staff1 R i d di d1. Requires a dedicated

biohazard room2. No shedding in cage so

no decontaminationno decontamination needed for cage/bedding

3 Potential blood born3. Potential blood born pathogen risk (carcass marked as infectious waste))

General Principles (rodents)General Principles (rodents)

• Dedicated biohazard rooms withoutDedicated biohazard rooms without required decontamination:Cages:Cages:1. Handled as is standard i.e. transported

to cage washto cage washCarcasses:1 Labeled with biohazard sticker1. Labeled with biohazard sticker2. Placed in cooler (standard)

Biohazard Rodent Room E tEntry


What are the risks?•Biological agents – potential shedding

Influenza

Histoplasmosis

Salmonella

Histoplasmosis

Risk to both research/ULAR staff 1 R i d di d1. Requires a dedicated

Biohazard room2. Risk of shedding in

bedding/cage so N 95bedding/cage so N-95 required for room entry and when working with wastewaste

3. Decontamination needed

Biohazard Rodent Room E tEntry

Biohazard Large Animal R E tRoom Entry

Risk AssessmentRisk AssessmentN-95 NIOSH respirator :

-effectively limits 95% of agents 0 3 um in size0.3 um in size

General Principles (Rodent)General Principles (Rodent)

• Dedicated biohazard rooms needingDedicated biohazard rooms needing decontamination :CagesCages

1. Emptied, in room, at a dump station into a burn box wearing full PPE (N-95, bonnet, gown, gloves, shoe covers) then transferred to cage wash forshoe covers) then transferred to cage wash for autoclaving OR

2. Transported to cagewash for autoclaving in red biohazard bags then dumped into biohazard burnbiohazard bags, then dumped into biohazard burn boxes

Carcasses:1. Labeled with biohazard sticker2. Placed in cooler (standard)

General Principles (L A i l )(Large Animal )

• Dedicated biohazard rooms needingDedicated biohazard rooms needing decontamination :CagesCages

1. Bedding, feces, etc placed into a burn box wearing full PPE (N-95, bonnet, gown, gloves, shoe covers)

2. Reusable items: chemical decontamination or autoclave requireddecontamination or autoclave required

Carcasses:1. Placed in biohazard bag g2. Placed in biohazard burn box (30lbs max)

Radioactive agentsRadioactive agents

• Radiolabeled compoundsSalivaryGland Radiolabeled compounds used for imaging such as PET/CT

Thyroid

PET/CT• Animals may still be

emitting low level radiationemitting low level radiation following image collectionN d ti t d b k t

Decay control

3D • Need time to decay back to background levels (all di bl d bl

3D microCT/microSPECT

image fusion after 123 I

disposable and reusable items)

Radioactive Large Animal RRoom

Radioactive Animal RoomsRadioactive Animal Rooms

Risk to bothRisk to both research/ULAR staff 1. Requires a dedicated

Radiation room2. Risk of radiation exposure in

bedding/cage so N-95 required for room entry and when working with wastewhen working with waste

3. Decontamination needed

Radioactive Rodent RoomRadioactive Rodent Room

ReferencesReferences• ULAR SOP 303-01 Hazardous Agents g

Classification, Containment, Communication, and Safety Equipment

• Biosafety in Microbiological andBiosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) 5th edition– http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5

toc htmtoc.htm• Occupational Health and Safety in the

Care and Use of Research Animals– http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/biosafety/ani

malworker/intro.htm• The Ohio State University Biosafety y y

Manual– http://www.ehs.ohio-

state.edu/index.asp?PAGE=biosafe.ibsm

Documents

Occupational Health Program and Biosafety Level 2 Trainingularnews.osu.edu/files/2010/09/ULAR-CE-Course_Occupational-Healt… · Occupational Health Program and Biosafety Level 2