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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Presentation by
DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO
Lecturer, Department of PSM
Objectives:
At the end of the session the student shall have knowledge of :
Concept of ergonomics and occupational environment
Occupational hazards and related occupational diseases
Measures for health protection of workers.
Measures for prevention of occupational diseases.
Definition
Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental and social well-being of the workers
Prevention amongst workers’
departures from health
Protection from risks
Placing and maintenance
Ergonomics
Fitting the job to the worker
Designing machines, tools, equipment, processes
Layout
Methods of works and environment
Ergon = work
Nomos=
Occupational Environment
Man and physical, chemical and biological agents
Man and machines
Man and man
Occupational Hazards
Hazards
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Mechanical
Psychological &Social
Occupational diseasesDue to physical agents
heat, cold, light, pressure, noise, radiation, mechanical factors, electricity
Due to chemical agents
Gases, dusts (organic/ inorganic), metals, chemicals , solvents
Due to biological agents
Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus etc.
Occupa-
tional cancers
Of skin, lung, bladder
Occupa-
tional dermatitis
Dermatitis, eczema
Psycho-
logical origion
Hypertension, peptic ulcer
PneumoconiosisDust particles 0.5 – 3 micron
Chemical composition , fineness, concentration, period of exposure, individual susceptibility.
Inorganic and organic dusts
INORGANIC DUSTS
SilicosisFree silica/silicon dioxideMining, pottery, sandblasting etc.Irritant cough, dyspnoea on exertion, chest painSnow storm appearance
Dust control measures:substitution, enclosure, isolation, hydroblasting,good housekeeping.Regular examinaton
Mines act, factories act
INORGANIC DUSTS
Anthracosis
Coal
Simple pneumoconiosis,
progressive massive fibrosis.
Indian mines act,
Workman’s
compensation act
Asbestosis
Silicates of Mg, Ca, Na. Serpentine /Amphibole
Asbestos,cement,firepro
of,textiles, roof lining
Respiratory
insufficiency,Ca
bronchus, mesothelioma
Safer types, substitution,
rigorous dust control
measures, periodic
examination, continuing
research.
ORGANIC DUSTS
Bagassosis
Sugar cane dust, thermoactinomyces sacchari,
Cane sugar industry, paper,rayon,cardboard
Breadthlessness, cough, haemoptysis, slight fever,
Mottling in lung shadow.
Dust control,
Personal protection,
Medical control,
Bagasse control-moisture >20%,2% propionic acid.
ORGANIC DUSTS
Byssinosis
Cotton fibre
Textile industry
Chronic cough,
dyspnoea, prog. Chronic
bronchitis,emphysema
Farmer’s Lung
Mouldy hay, grain dust
30% moist,
micropolyspora faeni, >
Temperature
General and respiratory
symptoms, physical
signs.
Occupational hazards of agricultural workers
Zoonotic diseases
Accidents
Toxic hazards
Physical hazards
Respiratory diseases
ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY
Causes-
physical, physiological, psychological
environmental Prevention-
SICK ABSENTEEISM
Causes-
Economic, social, medical,
non occupational
Prevention-
LEAD POISONING Exposure,
Clinical picture,
Diagnosis,
Preventive measures,
Management
RADIATION HAZARDS
Effects of radiation
Preventive measures
HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO INDUSTRALISATION1.Environment sanitation problems
2.Communicable diseases
3.Food sanitation
4.Mental health
5.Accidents
6.Social problems
7.Morbidity and mortality
MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS
1.Nutrition
2.Communicable disease control
3.Environmental sanitation
Water supply, food, toilet, general plant cleanliness, sufficient space, lighting, ventilation, protection against hazards, housing.
4.Mental health
5.Measures for women and children.
6.Health education
7.Family planning
PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES.
MEDICAL MEASURES
ENGINEERING
MEASURES
LEGIS-
LATION
MEDICAL MEASURES
1.Preplacement examination
2.Periodic examination
3.Medical and health care services
4.Notification
5.Supervision of working environment
6.Maintenance and analysis of records
7.Health education & counselling
ENGINEERING MEASURES
1.Designs of building
2.Good housekeeping
3.General ventilation
4.Mechanisaton
5. Substitution
6.Dusts
7.Enclosure
8.Isolation
9.Local exhaust ventilation
10.Protective devices
11.Environmental monitoring
12.Statistical monitoring
13.Research
LEGISLATION
1. FACTORIES ACT,1948Scope, health, welfareEmployment, Hours of work, Occupational diseases, Hours of
work,, Employment in hazardous proc. 2. ESIS ACT, 19481.Medical2.Sickness3.Maternity4.Disablement5.Dependents benefit6.Extra benefits Extended sickness, Limbs, F.P., Protection against dismissal,
Funeral expenses, Rehabilitation expenses, Retirement.
E.S.I. CORPORATION
MembersRepresentatives of employees organisations, medical profession,parliament
ChairmanUnion minister for labour
Vice ChairmanSecretary to Government of India,Ministry of Lbour
Ceo,Director General ESIInsurance, Medical, Finance Comissioner
Medical Benefits CouncilChairman DGHS