Occupational Health Nursing (2)

8/3/2019 Occupational Health Nursing (2)

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Occupational HealthOccupational Health

NursingNursing

Reported by: Julie Ann BautistaReported by: Julie Ann Bautista

NN--211211


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Occupational Health NursingOccupational Health Nursing Is an autonomous practicing requiringIs an autonomous practicing requiring

independent decisions and creative solutions toindependent decisions and creative solutions tocomplex occupational and environmentalcomplex occupational and environmental

health and safety problems.health and safety problems.

Occupational Health NursesOccupational Health Nurses

Are assuming innovative roles and increasingAre assuming innovative roles and increasing

responsibilities as they strive to respond to aresponsibilities as they strive to respond to achanging and more complex workchanging and more complex workenvironmentenvironment


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Functions Health Nursing: A PublicFunctions Health Nursing: A Public

Health PerspectiveHealth Perspective Work with the occupational Health team to lead theWork with the occupational Health team to lead the

sanitary and industrial hygiene of all industrialssanitary and industrial hygiene of all industrials

establishments including hospitals to determine theirestablishments including hospitals to determine their

compliance with the sanitation code and itscompliance with the sanitation code and itsimplementing rules and regulations.implementing rules and regulations.

Recommends to Local Health authority the issuanceRecommends to Local Health authority the issuance

of license/business permits and suspensions orof license/business permits and suspensions or

revocation of the same for any violation of therevocation of the same for any violation of the

condition upon which said license or permits hadcondition upon which said license or permits had

been issued.been issued.


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Coordinates with other government agenciesCoordinates with other government agencies

relative to the implementation of therelative to the implementation of theimplementing rules and regulations.implementing rules and regulations.

Attends to complaints of all establishments inAttends to complaints of all establishments inthe area of assignment related to industrialthe area of assignment related to industrial

hygiene and recommends appropriatehygiene and recommends appropriatemeasures for immediate compliance.measures for immediate compliance.

Participate to provide, install and maintains inParticipate to provide, install and maintains ingood condition all control facilities andgood condition all control facilities andprotective barriers for potential and actualprotective barriers for potential and actualhazards.hazards.


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Informs all affected workers regarding theInforms all affected workers regarding thenature of hazards and the reasons for controlnature of hazards and the reasons for control

measures and protective equipment.measures and protective equipment.

Makes a periodic testing for physicalMakes a periodic testing for physicalexamination of the workers and other healthexamination of the workers and other health

examinations related to workers exposure toexaminations related to workers exposure topotential or actual hazards in the workplace.potential or actual hazards in the workplace.

Provides control measures to reduce noise,Provides control measures to reduce noise,dust, health and other hazards.dust, health and other hazards.

Ensure strict compliance on the regular useEnsure strict compliance on the regular useand proper maintenance of Personal Protectiveand proper maintenance of Personal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE).Equipment (PPE).


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Provide employees/workers an occupationalProvide employees/workers an occupational

health services and facilioties.health services and facilioties.

Refers or elevates to higher authority allRefers or elevates to higher authority all

unsolved issues in relation to occupational andunsolved issues in relation to occupational and

environmental health problems.environmental health problems.

Prepares and submit yearly reports to the LocalPrepares and submit yearly reports to the Local

and National Government.and National Government.


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Applications of Public HealthApplications of Public Health

Principles to Occupational HealthPrinciples to Occupational Health

NursingNursing The practice of occupational health nursingThe practice of occupational health nursing

practice requires an integration of public healthpractice requires an integration of public health

principles, because of the interrelatedness ofprinciples, because of the interrelatedness ofthe community, the workplace, and thethe community, the workplace, and theworkers. The goals and objectives therefore,workers. The goals and objectives therefore,will require utilization of public health skillswill require utilization of public health skills

plan and manage appropriate health programsplan and manage appropriate health programsfor the working population that takes intofor the working population that takes intoaccount on workers families and theaccount on workers families and thecommunity.community.


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Leadership roles of the nurseLeadership roles of the nurse

utilizing public health skillsutilizing public health skills Community AssessmentCommunity Assessment

-- Knows the communitys demographicKnows the communitys demographic

data on disease trends including morbidity anddata on disease trends including morbidity andmortality statistics, and social environmentalmortality statistics, and social environmental

conditions that will provide pertinentconditions that will provide pertinent

information for the establishments of prioritiesinformation for the establishments of priorities

in planning and implementing occupationalin planning and implementing occupational

health programs.health programs.


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Worker AssessmentWorker Assessment

-- Assess the workface to determine population atAssess the workface to determine population atrisk for occupationally related injury or illness.risk for occupationally related injury or illness.

Application of Epidemiology PrinciplesApplication of Epidemiology Principles

-- to determine relationship of work and injury orto determine relationship of work and injury or

illness, the occupational health nurse applies theillness, the occupational health nurse applies theepidemiological method.epidemiological method.

Team ApproachTeam Approach

-- Occupational health efforts, to be mostOccupational health efforts, to be most

effective, require team work. A team of occupationaleffective, require team work. A team of occupational

health professionals assesses, plans, implements andhealth professionals assesses, plans, implements and

evaluates health programs.evaluates health programs.


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Program Planning and ImplementationProgram Planning and Implementation

--T

he primary goal of the occupational healthT

he primary goal of the occupational healthprogram is the promotion of wellness and preventionprogram is the promotion of wellness and prevention

of illness and injury among workers. However, illnessof illness and injury among workers. However, illness

and injury do occur, necessitating occupational healthand injury do occur, necessitating occupational health

programs aimed at all levels of prevention: primary,programs aimed at all levels of prevention: primary,secondary and tertiary.secondary and tertiary.

Primary PreventionPrimary Prevention

-- A program to ensure the health ofA program to ensure the health of

prospective employees/workers includes a history andprospective employees/workers includes a history andphysical examination to assess level of wellness.physical examination to assess level of wellness.


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Secondary PreventionSecondary Prevention

--D

espite primary prevention effortsD

espite primary prevention effortsin occupational health, disease and disabilityin occupational health, disease and disabilitycontinue to exist, necessitating thecontinue to exist, necessitating thedevelopment of secondary preventive services.development of secondary preventive services.

Tertiary PreventionTertiary Prevention-- Primary and secondary preventionPrimary and secondary prevention

programs in occupational health decrease theprograms in occupational health decrease thenumbers of workers permanently disabled butnumbers of workers permanently disabled butdo not eliminate the need for tertiarydo not eliminate the need for tertiaryprevention.prevention.


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Referral to Community ResourcesReferral to Community Resources

-- the occupational health nurse enhancethe occupational health nurse enhancetheir practice through the development of atheir practice through the development of a

network of appropriate community resources.network of appropriate community resources.

Program EvaluationProgram Evaluation-- Assessment of program to determineAssessment of program to determine

benefits in terms of decreasing loss ofbenefits in terms of decreasing loss of

productivity related to employee healthproductivity related to employee health

problems is carried out.problems is carried out.


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I.I. The Primary FocusThe Primary Focus

-- The mission of occupational health safety is toThe mission of occupational health safety is toassure so far as possible every working man andassure so far as possible every working man andwoman in the country is safe and in healthfulwoman in the country is safe and in healthfulworking conditions.working conditions.

A.A. Occupational health and safety should beOccupational health and safety should beconsidered an integral part of all health services.considered an integral part of all health services.

B.B. The occupational environment is complex andThe occupational environment is complex andmultidimensionalmultidimensional

SocialSocial CulturalCultural

PoliticalPolitical

EconomicEconomic


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C.C. Occupational health and safety affect not onlyOccupational health and safety affect not only

the worker but also the workers family andthe worker but also the workers family andsignificant others.significant others.

D.D. Occupational health as a specialty withinOccupational health as a specialty within

public health is a populationpublic health is a population--based practice.based practice.

E.E. Occupational health sciences are in an earlyOccupational health sciences are in an early

stage of development; much remains to bestage of development; much remains to be

known about the effect of the workknown about the effect of the work

environment on the health and safety ofenvironment on the health and safety ofworker populations.worker populations.


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II. Professonal GoalsII. Professonal Goals

Occupational health nurses central mission id toOccupational health nurses central mission id to

promote and maintain the health and safety ofpromote and maintain the health and safety of

workers through a systematic process of assessment,workers through a systematic process of assessment,

planning, intervention, and evaluation.planning, intervention, and evaluation.

Occupational physicians focus on the prevention,Occupational physicians focus on the prevention,

detection, and treatment of workdetection, and treatment of work-- related diseases andrelated diseases and

injuries.injuries.

Industrial hygienist recognize, evaluate and controlIndustrial hygienist recognize, evaluate and control

toxic exposures and hazards in the wprk environment.toxic exposures and hazards in the wprk environment.


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Safety engineers and other safety professionalsSafety engineers and other safety professionalsfocus on the prevention of occupationalfocus on the prevention of occupationalinjuries and the maintenance or creation ofinjuries and the maintenance or creation ofsafe workplaces and safe work practices.safe workplaces and safe work practices.

Other professionals include:Other professionals include:

-- EpidemiologistEpidemiologist-- ToxicologistToxicologist

-- Industrial EngineersIndustrial Engineers

-- ErgonomistsErgonomists-- Health EducatorsHealth Educators

-- Environmental EngineersEnvironmental Engineers


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III. The PracticeIII. The Practice

Occupational health nurses focus on the promotion,Occupational health nurses focus on the promotion,

protection, and restoration of workers health withinprotection, and restoration of workers health within

the context of a safe and healthy work environment.the context of a safe and healthy work environment.

Autonomy and independent nursing judgmentsAutonomy and independent nursing judgments

characterize the practice of occupational healthcharacterize the practice of occupational health

nursing.nursing.

With a researchWith a research--based foundation, occupationalbased foundation, occupational

health nursings theoretical conceptual, and factualhealth nursings theoretical conceptual, and factual

framework is multidisciplinary.framework is multidisciplinary.


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Through collaborative practice with otherThrough collaborative practice with other

occupational health and safety professionals,occupational health and safety professionals,

occupational health nurses are key to theoccupational health nurses are key to the

coordination of a holistic approach to thecoordination of a holistic approach to the

delivery of quality, comprehensivedelivery of quality, comprehensive

occupational health services.occupational health services. The essential elements of occupational healthThe essential elements of occupational health

and safety services are defined by theand safety services are defined by the

Standards of Occupational Health NursingStandards of Occupational Health NursingPractice.Practice.


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Essentials Components of thisEssentials Components of this

specialty practicespecialty practice Health promotion and prevention principles:Health promotion and prevention principles:

incorporation of primary, secondary and tertiaryincorporation of primary, secondary and tertiary

strategies to optimize the health and safety of thestrategies to optimize the health and safety of the

worker population.worker population.

Worker or workplace health hazard assessment andWorker or workplace health hazard assessment and

surveillance; identification of health problems andsurveillance; identification of health problems and

health hazards and implementation of monitoring andhealth hazards and implementation of monitoring and

surveillance strategies to mitigate health risksurveillance strategies to mitigate health risk

exposure, improve workers health, and ensure safeexposure, improve workers health, and ensure safe

working conditions.working conditions.


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Injury and illness investigation, analysis andInjury and illness investigation, analysis andprevention; examination of trends of workprevention; examination of trends of work--relatedrelated

illnesses and injuries to develop preventive strategies.illnesses and injuries to develop preventive strategies. Primary Care: health care delivery provided toPrimary Care: health care delivery provided to

workers at the worksites or in the community,workers at the worksites or in the community,including treatment followincluding treatment follow--up, referral for medicalup, referral for medicalcare, health monitoring and emergency care.care, health monitoring and emergency care.

Case Management: A process of coordinating anCase Management: A process of coordinating anindividual clients health care services to achieveindividual clients health care services to achieveoptimal, quality care delivered in costoptimal, quality care delivered in cost--effectiveeffectivemanner.manner.

Counselling: interventions and appropriate referral

Counselling: interventions and appropriate referralaimed at helping workers clarify problems, deal withaimed at helping workers clarify problems, deal with

crises, and make informed decisions and choices.crises, and make informed decisions and choices.


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Management and administration: the overallManagement and administration: the overall

setting of goals and planning for thesetting of goals and planning for theorganization, implementation, and evaluationorganization, implementation, and evaluationof the work of the occupational health services.of the work of the occupational health services.

Legal/ethical monitoring: process of assuringLegal/ethical monitoring: process of assuring

that the provision of occupational healththat the provision of occupational healthnursing service is within the legal scope ofnursing service is within the legal scope ofnursing practice, that occupational healthnursing practice, that occupational healthnurses are knowledgeable of the laws andnurses are knowledgeable of the laws and

regulations governing occupational health andregulations governing occupational health andsafety, and that decision making is based on ansafety, and that decision making is based on anethical framework.ethical framework.


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Research: the development, dissemination, andResearch: the development, dissemination, and

utilization of knowledge to support practice.utilization of knowledge to support practice. Community orientation: articulation with andCommunity orientation: articulation with and

utilization of appropriate community resourcesutilization of appropriate community resources

tp provide service more efficiently andtp provide service more efficiently and

effectively to employees and the company.effectively to employees and the company.


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Issues in Occupational HealthIssues in Occupational Health

NursingNursing

A. Physical hazardsA. Physical hazards

physical hazards are agents within the workphysical hazards are agents within the work

environment that may cause tissue damage orenvironment that may cause tissue damage orother physical harm.other physical harm.

Physical hazards include radiation,Physical hazards include radiation,

temperature extremes, noise, electric andtemperature extremes, noise, electric and

magnetic fields, lasers, microwaves, andmagnetic fields, lasers, microwaves, and

vibration.vibration.


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Health effects may be acute or chronic,Health effects may be acute or chronic,

depending on the dose and the body partdepending on the dose and the body partaffected.affected.

B. Chemical hazardsB. Chemical hazards

Various forms of either synthetic or naturallyVarious forms of either synthetic or naturally

occurring chemicals in the work environmentoccurring chemicals in the work environment

may be potentially toxic or accidentalmay be potentially toxic or accidental

injection.injection.

Chemical hazards include solution, mists,Chemical hazards include solution, mists,

vapors, aerosols, gases, medications..vapors, aerosols, gases, medications..


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Health effects may be acute or chronic and canHealth effects may be acute or chronic and canaffect the pulmonary, reproductive, urologic,affect the pulmonary, reproductive, urologic,cardiovascular, neurologic, and immunecardiovascular, neurologic, and immunesystems.systems.

C. Biological hazardsC. Biological hazards

Such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, mold orSuch as viruses, bacteria, fungi, mold orparasites may cause infectious disease viaparasites may cause infectious disease viadirect contact with infected individuals/direct contact with infected individuals/animals, contaminated objects/surfaces.animals, contaminated objects/surfaces.

Workers in certain occupations have a highWorkers in certain occupations have a highincidence of infectious disease.incidence of infectious disease.


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Health effects may be acute or chronic, depending onHealth effects may be acute or chronic, depending on

the nature of the organism.the nature of the organism.

D. Mechanical hazardsD. Mechanical hazards

May cause stress on the muscloskeletal or other bodyMay cause stress on the muscloskeletal or other body

systems.systems.

Hazards include inadequate workHazards include inadequate work--station and toolstation and tooldesign, frequent repetition of a limited movement,design, frequent repetition of a limited movement,

repeated awkward movements with handrepeated awkward movements with hand--held toolsheld tools

local vibrations.local vibrations.

Health effects may be acute or chronic; they mayHealth effects may be acute or chronic; they mayresult in a permanently disabling health effect.result in a permanently disabling health effect.


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E. Psychosocial hazardsE. Psychosocial hazards

Are often related to the nature of the job, the jobAre often related to the nature of the job, the job

content, the organizational structure and culture,content, the organizational structure and culture,insufficient training and education regarding jobinsufficient training and education regarding jobrequirements and the physical conditions in therequirements and the physical conditions in theworkplace.workplace.

Include interpersonal conflict, unsafe workingInclude interpersonal conflict, unsafe workingconditions, overtime, sexual harassment, racialconditions, overtime, sexual harassment, racialinequality, role conflict, shift work, limitedinequality, role conflict, shift work, limitedautonomy, poorly defined expectations and workautonomy, poorly defined expectations and work

constructions.constructions.Health affect may be acute or chronic, includingHealth affect may be acute or chronic, including

temporary and permanent disabilities.temporary and permanent disabilities.


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WorkWork--related Injuries and Illnessesrelated Injuries and Illnesses

A. Definition ofTerms:A. Definition ofTerms:

-- Occupational injury is any injury, such asOccupational injury is any injury, such as

a cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation thata cut, fracture, sprain, or amputation thatresults from a single incident in the workresults from a single incident in the work

environment.environment.

-- An occupational illness is any abnormalAn occupational illness is any abnormal

condition or disorder, other than one resultingcondition or disorder, other than one resulting

from a occupational injury.from a occupational injury.

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Occupational Health Nursing (2)