Tubercle and Lung Disease: Supplement 105

connection with Chernobyl events and nuclear weapon trials in the atmosphere. A man of 66 years old who took an active part in the liquidation wreck’s consequences was observed. His official irradiation dose was 24 roenntgens. In march 1993 he had not any complaints but during the prophylactic examination the peripheral tumor of the lower left lobe with the penetration into the lung root was found by the ussing method of computerized tomography. The certain histological features very typical for adenocar- cinema were found in the speciments of the mucus biopsy. Moreover, with the help of the method of electron microscopy it was detected that cytoplasm of 40% alveo- lar macrophages contained large (OS-l.0 mkm in diame- ter) high density particles. By the method of X- and gamma-ray spectrometry a significantly high level (0.1-0.18 Bq) of 137Cs was detected in all the examined speciments of tumor tissue harvested by exeresis in march 1993. Thus, the increased level of l37Cs in liquidator’s lung apears to be good evidence of the long-term accumu- lation of radionuclides by lung tissue.

390 INVESTIGATION OF BAL FLUID OF THE CHERNOBYL WRECK’S CONSEQUENCE LIQUIDATOR

Chuchalin, A., Grobova, O., Chernikov, V.; Cherniaev A. Instit. of Pneumonology, I I - Parkovaya 32161, Moscow, 105077 Russia

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 8 young men who took an active part in the liquidation of the Chernobyl wreck’s consequences during may-july 1986 was analyzed in order to investigate; a) absolute and different cell count; b) possible presence of the radioactive particles in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages; c) chemical structure of these particles. Control group - 8 men without lung diseases. Whole absolute cell count in the liquidators BAL was greatly increased in comparison with control group (0,Y t 0,Ol) but different cell number was not different from healthy subjects. Cytoplasm of 30-60% of alveolar macrophages contained large (OS-l.0 mkm in diameter) high density particles. Chemical analysis of these particles was perfomed by the method of X-ray spectrometry with accerating tension 80 kV, sensitivity of the channel - 40V and number of channels - 1024. Only cytoplasm and part of the high density particles in alveolar macrophages from liquidators contained U, Np, Pu, Fr, Pm, Pa. Cytoplasm of lymphocytes and erytrocytes of these patients, nets, buffers and epon for electron microscopy didn’t contained such kind of the elements. Thus, it was determined that alveolar macrophages can take part in the deposition of actually unsoluble radioactive dust particles and parts of nuclear fuel.

391 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES AND LUNG DISEASE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Neil W. White; Respiratory Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital1 U. C. T., Cape Town, South Africa 7925

Occupational exposures, occupational lung disease and their context are to be presented in a systematic review of the situation documented in sub-Saharan Africa. Legisla- tive and administrative provisions for occupational health are reviewed from four countries. Workforce studies published from mining, manufacturing and agricultural sectors in the region are to be presented. Half of the published studies come from Nigeria and South Africa.

Mining exposures and their effects are well documented in South Africa. Eight studies document the situation in the cotton textile industry. Information regarding other exposures is scanty. Despite relatively young ages and short exposures many of the workforces studied show positive effects as a consequence of high exposures. There is tremendous scope for improvement of the capacity for research, education, legislation and enforcement related to occupational health in the region. Without this the regions’ workers will continue to experience high rates of occupational disease and the region will remain vulnerable to the importation of hazardous industries from other regions. International agencies such as the IUAT-LD have a potentially important role in improving the capacity of health professionals and services in the region to meet the challenges presented by the current situation.

392 PULMONARY ASPECTS OF CHRONICAL MYELO- AND LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

Kovdcs, G., Boga, M.. Brinktiti, B.; St. Mar@ Hospital, B&si il 132, H-1032 Budapest

We studied the data of 105 patients attending our Hematology Departement between 1985 and 1992 retros- pectively for lung involvement. We divided the patients into groups of myelo- and lymphoproliferative disease.

In the myeloproliferative group there were 19 chronic myeloid leukemic patients, 13 patients with polycythaemia Vera. In this group we did not find lung involvement.

In the lymphoproliferative group there were 34 chronic lymphoid leukemic patients- of these we found 4 pneumonia, 1 fibrosis, 2 pulmonary tuberculosis, 1 empy- ema, 5 patients had hairy cell leukemia, with 1 fibrosis. Of the 24 patients who had Hodgkin’s lymphome and other malignant lymphomes 3 had pulmonary infiltration. The Y patients with multiple myeloma and Waldenstram’s mac- roglobulinaemia showed no lung involvement, but in 3 cases infiltration of the ribs caused differential diagnostic problems.

We conclude that the chronic myeloproliferative diseases showed no lung involvement. The lymphoproliferative diseases lung involvement occured in a higher frequency than is in the epidemiological studies.

393 IN VITRO STUDY OF HUMAN ALVEO- LAR MACROPHAGE IL-6, IL-8 AND TGF- p RELEASE INDUCED BY NITROGEN DIOXIDE IN INDOOR RELEVANT CON- CENTRATIONS

Kienast. K., Knorst, M., Miiller-Quernheim. 1.. Ferlinz. R.; Div. of Pneumology, IIIrd Dept. of Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, FRG

Activated alveolar macrophages (AM) secrete IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-0, the inflammatory characteristics of which may play a role in the induciion and maintenance of pulmonary inflammatory processes. The participation of these cytoki- nes on the genesis of environmental pulmonary diseases as well as the possible triggers for their release by air pollutants are not well characterized. We therefore inves- tigated if IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-p secretion by AM is induced by the exposure to NO2 at concentrations present