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Observations & Audio, Video
Recordings
Part 1
Near East Universities
ELT - Department
Presenter: Akam Azad M. Ameen
Supervisor: Dr. Çise Çavuşoğlu
OutlineWhat is observation? DefinitionWhat are types of observation?AdvantagesDisadvantagesWhy observe?Recording your observationsPlanning an observationFiltering observationObservation ProcessReferences
Observe v.Observation n.Observational adj.Observationally adv.
(Merriam-Webster dictionary)
“What you see is what you get”
By: Flip Wilson
DefinitionObservation is the act of watching, recording and analyzing
events of interest by the researcher.
(Lambert, 2012, p.106)
Observation is “a systematic method of data collection that relies on a researcher’s ability to gather data through his or her senses”. (O’Leary, 2009, p.170)
Types of observationStructured
Unstructured
Semi-structured
Non-participant
participant
Structured Vs. Unstructured, Semi-structured
Structured: Already know what you are looking for. You have a specific purpose
Unstructured: Record everything for later analysis
Semi-structured: Lies between structured and unstructured.
Participant Vs. Non-participantParticipant: Self involvement of researcher in
what is happening.
N0n-participant: watching with out self involvement
Advantages of ObservationRobson (2011) explains the advantages of observation as the
following:
It is a flexible approach.Qualitative and quantitative data can be acquiredEnables to observe what people do, say, how they interactThe gathered data can confirm, extend or contradict other data.
(cited in Lambert, 2012, p.106)
Disadvantages of observation
Intrusive approach and unwilling observationHard to observe objectivelyComplexity of the social behavior.
(Robson (2011) cited in Lambert, M. 2012, p.106)
Why observe?Improve teachingUse it as an assessment toolFind answer for unanswered questionsSolve problemsDiscover facts
Recording your observations Do not just observe, you should systematically record what you observe. You may use:
Observation guideRecording sheetChecklistField notePictureCombination of the above
Planning an observationDecide what or who to observeWhen and where the observation takes placeDevelop an observation guidePilot test the observation guideConduct the observationAnalyze data Write your findings
Filtering Observations
Observation ProcessPlanningObserve SettingRecord ObservationsReview the processRefine appropriatelyAnalyze data
References Lambert, M. (2012). A beginner’s guide to doing your education research
project. London: Sage
O’ Leary, Z. (2009). The essential guide to doing your research project.
London :Sage