How can you determine if your observation using only sight was correct?

Observation and Observation and InferenceInference

Observation ______________________________________A. Five Senses are 1)_________________________

2)_________________________ 3)_________________________ 4)_________________________ 5)_________________________

B. Test your power of observation

Interaction of our senses with our environmentSight

Hearing

Touch or FeelTaste

Smell

Use a RULER_____________

Tools can be used to extend our powers of observation. These devices have been developed

by people to extended the senses beyond the normal limit, and thus enable us to make

observations that are normally impossible or highly inaccurate.

_____________Graduated Cylinder

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________________

_____________

_____________

_____________

GPS Unit

Wind Vane

Thermometer

CompassTelescope

Microscope

Magnifying Glass

Electronic Scale

Ruler

Which instruments can be used to measure these things?

___________ ___________ ___________Microscope Telescope

Inference ______________________________ ______________________________If you OBSERVED these storm clouds, you could INFER that___________________________ ___________________________

Interpretation of an observation based on knowledge or experience

a storm is coming and it will rain

Are the statements below Observations or Inferences

1. The dog is angry. _____ The dog is barking. _____

2. The pebble is smooth and round. _____ The pebble was carried by a stream. _____ The pebble is light brown in color. _____

3. The tire has a leak. _____ The tire is flat. _____

4. There is a track on the trail. ____ The track was made by a deer. _____

O

O

O

OI

I

I, O

I

O

ClassificationA classification system is based on

___________________________________________________

A classification system enables an investigator to

___________________________________________________

The properties or characteristics of an object

Organize objects in a meaningful way

11

22

33

44 55

99

6677

88

1122

10101111

1133

1414

ANIMALS

FISH REPTILES

BLUE JAY BEAR

BIRDS

MAMMALS

SEA HORSE

LIZARD

SHARK

PIRANHA

EAGLE

OSTRICH

PENGUIN

GORILLA

MAMMOTH

KILLER WHALE

CROCODILE

COBRA

TURTLE

BAT

Measurement is a way of expressing an observation with greater precision. It provides a numerical value for some property of the object or event being observed.

All measurements consist of: 1. _____________________

2. _____________________

Linear Measurement ____________________________________

Tool _________________________

Units ________________________

Use the model below to give the value of the labeled lines to the nearest tenth and then convert to

millimeters.

A _____________ centimeters, or _____________ millimeters

B _____________ centimeters, or _____________ millimeters

C _____________ centimeters, or _____________ millimeters

D _____________ centimeters, or _____________ millimeters

E _____________ centimeters, or _____________ millimeters

B DECA

kilo hecto

decicenti mill

i

deka

numerical value

UNITS

Distance between two points

Ruler

numerical value

2.5

0.8

25.0

4.0

7.5

5.3 53.0

75.0

40.0

8.0

Measure each line to the nearest tenth of a centimeter and millimeter.

1. ________cm, or ________ mm

2. ________cm, or ________ mm

3. ________cm, or ________ mm

4. ________cm, or ________ mm

5. ________cm, or ________ mm

Area ______________________________________________

___________________________________________________

Formula __________________________________

Units “square” units

1. squared centimeters or ________

2. squared meters or ________

3. squared kilometers or ________

Determine the area of the figures below.

7.0

4.2

82

1.9 19

42

6.2 62

8.2

70

cm2

m2

km2

A = L x W

4.7

2.8

4.7 x 2.8 =A=L x WA= 13.16 or 13.2 cm2

Amount of surface space

2.3

2.5

5.3

2.1

A=L x W

A=L x W

A=2.5 x 2.3

A=5.3 x 2.1A= 11.13 or

11.1 cm2

A= 5.75 or 5.8 cm2

Volume (“three dimensional measurement” sometimes referred to as the “size” of an object.) ___________________ ____________________________________________________

Determining VOLUME of liquids

Tool _______________________

Units ______________________

What is the volume of the graduated cylinders below?

_________ml _________ml _________ml

Measurement

____________

Volume of Rectangular Solids

Tool _______________________

Formula ____________________

Units

cubic cm or_______________ cubic m or ____________________

13

53

19

66 ml

Graduated Cylinder

ml

Amount of space an object occupies

Ruler

V = L x W x H

cm3

m3

Determine the volume of the objects.

3cm

3cm

3cm

8cm

8cm

9cm3cm

4cm

4cm_______________ _______________

_______________Volume by Displacement

27 cm3

144 cm3

160 cm3

V = L x W x H

V = 3 x 3 x 3 V= 3 x 4 x 8

V= 4 x 8 x 9

What is the VOLUME of the rock?

___________ ___________

___________

7 ml 9 ml

2 ml

Density __________________________________________

DENSITY IS INCREASING

Formula

Instruments

Liquid ____________________

Solid _____________

Units

___________ OR __________

Solve this problem:

The dimensions of a regular rectangular object are given as illustrated at the right. Given that the object has a mass of 150 grams, calculate its density.

+ ________________

1cm

2cm 5c

m

Concentration of matter in an object

graduated cylinder

ruler scale

g/ml g/cm3

D = M/V

V=L x W x H

V=5 x 1 x 2V= 10 cm3

D = 150 g 10 cm3

D = 15 g/cm3

1212

In the illustration to the right the mass of Object X is 80 grams. The volume can be determined by water displacement.

What is the density of Object X?

________________

____

____

2 ml

4 ml

Object Y is a perfect cube. The density of Object Y is 5.5 g/cm3

What is the mass of Object Y as shown by the electronic scale?

_____________________________Calculate the volume of Object Y.

1000.0 g

M

VD

D =

M

V

5.5 g/cm3=

1000.0g V

V = 181.8cm3

D =

M

V

80.0g2 cm3

D = D = 40 g/cm3

40 g/cm3

Density Relationships

1. Density in Relation to Size

= 1cm= 1cm33

== 1 gram of 1 gram of particleparticle

Total mass= ______

Total volu= ______

Density= ______Total mass= ______

Total volu= ______

Density= ______

2. Density in Relation to Temperature

The size of an object does NOT determine or affect its density.

RELATIONSHIP

_________________________________________________________

RELATIONSHIP

Densi

ty

Size

Densi

ty

Temperature

_________________________________________________________As temperature increases, density decreases

== 1 gram of 1 gram of particleparticle

Volume _____________Mass _______________Density _____________

increasesremains same

decreases

6 g

24 g1cm3

4 cm3

6 g/cm3

6 g/cm3

3. Density in Relation to State of Matter

4. Density in Relation to Pressure

RELATIONSHIP

_________ _________ _________Solid Liquid Gas

Decreasing Density

WATER ________________________________________

WATER is densest at 34° WATER is densest at 34° FF

_________________________________________________________

Solid GasLiquidLiquidSolid Gas

Den

sit

y Den

sit

y o

f W

ate

r

Volume _____________

Mass __________________

Density ________________

As pressure increases, density increases

decreases _____

remains the same

increases

Densi

ty

Pressure

Temperature __________________________________________

Instrument _____________________________________

Units ________________

________________

________________

Average kinetic energy of a materialthermometer

Fahrenheit oF

Celsius oC

Kelvin K

0

293

373100

0

-40

-273

-40

32

70

98

Water Boils

Human Body

Water Freezes

Absolute Zero

212 F

-496F

37 C

22 C

233.15

310.15

-273.15