OBLICON - Topic Syllabus

8/17/2019 OBLICON - Topic Syllabus

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INTRODUCTION

A. Course Overview

B. Common Law Tradition and the Civil Law Tradition

PART ONE: OBLIGATIONS

A. General Provisions

1. Definition (Article 115! Civil Code"#. $lements

a. Active %u&'ect

&. Passive %u&'ect

c. O&'ect or Prestation

d. $fficient Cause or uridical Tie

). *atural O&li+ations

a. Definition (Art. 1,#)! CC"

&. $-amles (Articles 1,#, to 1,)/"

c. Difference &etween *atural and Civil O&li+ation (Art. 1,#)"

d. Distin+uished from moral o&li+ations

e. Conversion to Civil O&li+ation

0 & novation

0 & ratification,. %ources of O&li+ations (Art. 1152"

a. Law (Art. 1153"

&. Contracts (Art. 1154! 1)/5"

c. uasi contracts (Art. 11/! #1,#"‐

0 6inds7

i. Negotiorum gestio (Art. #1,,"

ii. Solutio indebiti (Art. #15,"

iii. Others (Art. #1, to #125"

d. Delicts or Crime (Art. 111"

e. uasi delicts (Art. 11#! #12"‐

0 Distinction &etween crimes and 8uasi delicts‐

0 9icarious lia&ilit (Art. #13/! Art. #13 #14! :amil Code"‐

0 Civil lia&ilit arisin+ from crime (Art. 111;


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&. ?odes of Breach

0 Dela or mora (Art. 114"

i. mora solvendi

ii. mora accipiendi (%ee also 1#3"

iii. compensation morae

0 :raud or dolo (Art. 1121"

dolo incidente and dolo causante0 *e+li+ence (Art. 112#! 112)"

- Culpa v. dolo

- Culpa aquiliano v. culpa contractual

- Standard of care required

0 Contravention of the tenor (Art. 112#"

c.


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1134 114/"

a. Definition of loss! deterioration and imrovement

&. $ffect of loss or deterioration

0 =ithout de&tors fault

0 =ith de&tors fault

c. $ffect of imrovement

0 B nature or time0 Due to de&tors effort and e-ense

0 $ffect of revention of the fulfillment of the condition & the o&li+or (Art113"

#. mlied

iii. As to definiteness

0 Definite

0 >ndefinite

iv. As to source0 9oluntar

0 Le+al

0 udicial

c.


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e. $ffect of loss or imossi&ilit of one or all restations (Art. 1#/# to 1#/5"

f. :acultative O&li+ation (Art. 1#/"

i. Concet

ii. Distin+uished from Alternative O&li+ations

iii. $ffect of %u&stitution

5. oint and %olidar O&li+ations

a. oint O&li+ationsi. Concet

0


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0 $ffects

c. oint >ndivisi&le O&li+ations

i. Concet

0 Distin+uished from 'oint o&li+ations

0 Distin+uished from solidar o&li+ations

ii. >ndivisi&ilit distin+uished from solidarit (Art. 1#1/"

iii. $ffects (Art. 1#/4! 1##,". Divisi&le and >ndivisi&le O&li+ations

a. Divisi&le O&li+ations

i. Concet

ii. $ffects (Art. 1##)! 1#))"

&. >ndivisi&le O&li+ations

i. Concet7 distin+uished from solidar o&li+ations

ii. 6inds

0 *atural (Art. 1##5! ar. 1"

0 Le+al (Art. 1##5! ar. )"

0 Conventional (Art. 1##5! ar. )"

iii. Presumtions of divisi&ilit and indivisi&ilit (Art. 1##5"

iv. Divisi&ilit and indivisi&ilit in o&li+ations not to do (Art. 1##5! ar.) "

v. $ffects (Art. 1##)! 1##)! 1##,"vi. Cessation of >ndivisi&ilit

2. O&li+ations with a Penal Clause

a. Concet

0 Princial v. Accessor O&li+ation

0 Distin+uished from conditional o&li+ations

0 Distin+uished from alternative o&li+ations

0 Distin+uished from facultative o&li+ations

0 Distin+uished from +uarant

&. 6inds of Penal Clause

0 As to effect

o %u&sidiar

o Comlimentar0 As to source

o Conventional

o Le+al

0 As to urose

o Punitive

o


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o third erson who is an interested art; effects (Art. 1)/#)H"

o third erson who is not an interested art &ut with the consent of de&tor (Art. 1)/##H! 1#)!

ar. 1"

o third erson who is not an interested art and without the consent of the de&tor! without the

@nowled+e or a+ainst the will of the de&tor (Art. 1#)! ar. #; Art. 1#)2! 1#)! ar. 1"

o third erson who does not intend to &e reim&ursed (Art 1#)3"

0 in an o&li+ation to +ive (Art. 1#)4! 1,#2"0 in case of active solidarit (Art. 1#1,"

ii. To whom ament can &e made

0 General rule (Art. 1#,/"

0 $-cetions7

o incaacitated erson (Art. 1#,1! ar. 1"

o third erson (Art. 1#,1! ar. #"

o when roof of &enefit not re8uired (Art. 1#,1! ar. ); Art. 1#,#"

o in case of active solidarit (Art. 1#1,"

iii. =hat is to &e aid (>dentit"

0 General nte+rit"

0 General


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0 Concet

0 n case of artial loss (Art 1#,"

0 Action a+ainst third ersons (Art. 1#4"

&. >mossi&ilit of Performance

i. Concet (Art. 1#! 1#2"

ii. 6inds

0 Total

0 Partial

iii. mossi&ilit distin+uished from difficult

0 >n case of artial imossi&ilit (art. 1#,"

). Condonation or


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0 >n case of 'oint or solidar o&li+ations (Art. 1#22"

d. Confusion in Princial or Accessor O&li+ations (Art. 1#2"

5. Comensation

a. Concet (Art. 1#23"; distin+uished from Confusion

&. 6inds

i. Total or Partial

ii. Le+aliii. Conventional (Art. 1#24! Art. 1#3#"

iv. udicial (Art. 1#3)"

v. :acultative

c. Le+al Comensation

i.


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0 Le+al %u&ro+ation

o . >ntroductionA. Concet and Definition (Art. 1)/5"

B. Classification of Contracts

1. Accordin+ to su&'ect matter7 thin+s or services

#. Accordin+ to name7 nominate and innominate contracts (Art. 1)/2"

). Accordin+ to erfection7 & mere consent (Art. 1)15" or & deliver of o&'ect (Art. 1)1"

,. Accordin+ to its relation to other contracts7 rearator; rincial; or accessor

5. Accordin+ to form7 informal or formal

. Accordin+ to urose

2. Accordin+ to nature of le+al tie created7 unilateral! &ilateral or recirocal

3. Accordin+ to cause7 onerous or +ratuitous

4. Accordin+ to ris@7 commutative or aleator

C. Characteristics

1. O&li+ator :orce &etween the Parties (Art. 1)/3"a. General


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0 when made throu+h an a+ent (Art. 1)##"

0 when offer &ecomes ineffective (Art. 1)#)"

0 &usiness advertisements of thin+s for sale (Art. 1)#5"

0 advertisements for &idders (Art. 1)#"

&. Accetance

0 must &e a&solute (Art. 1)14"

0 @inds7o e-ress (Art. 1)#/"

o imlied (Art. 1)#/"

o 8ualified (Art. 1)14"

0 eriod of accetance (Art. 1)#,"

0 otion contract (Art. 1)#,"

c. Termination of Offer

d. Perfection of Contract

0 :our theories when contract is erfected7

o ?anifestation theor

o $-edition theor

o ntelli+ent! :ree! %ontaneous and ne-cusa&le mista@e (Art. 1)))"

&. 9iolence or >ntimidation (Art. 1))5"

c. ndue >nfluence (Art. 1))2"

d. :raud or Dolo (Art. 1))3"

0 6inds7

i. Dolo causante (Art. 1))3"

ii. Dolo incidente (Art. 1),, #H"

0 :ailure to Disclose :acts when there is a dut to reveal them (Art. 1))4"

0 sual e-a++erations in trade7 oortunit to @now the facts (Art. 1),/"

0 ?ere e-ression of oinion (Art. 1),1"; $ffects (Art. 1),,"e. ?isreresentation

i. & a third erson (Art. 1),#"

ii. made in +ood faith (Art. 1),)"

iii. active or assive

,. %imulation of Contracts

a. 6inds7 A&solute and


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0 ?ust &e determinate as to its @ind (Art. 1)24"

0 =hat ma *OT &e o&'ects of contracts (Art. 1),2"

a. All thin+s outside the commerce of man

&. All intransmissi&le ri+hts

c. Those services which are contrar to law! morals! +ood customs! u&lic order! or u&lic olic

d. :uture inheritance! e-cet when authoried & law

e. >mossi&le thin+s or services (Art. 1),3"C. Cause

1. ?eanin+ of Cause (Art. 1)5/"

a. in onerous contracts

&. in remunerator contracts

c. in contracts of ure &eneficence

#. Distin+uished from ?otive (Art. 1)51"

). Presumtion7 $-istence and Lawfulness of Cause (Art. 1)5,"

,. Defective Causes and $ffects7

a. A&sence of Cause or nlawful Cause (Art. 1)5#"

&. %tatement of :alse Cause (Art. 1)55"

c. >nade8uac of Cause or Lesion (Art. 1)55"

>>>. :orm of Contracts

A. General ntention (Art. 1)21"

D. nterretation1. nder the Civil Code

a. =hen it contains stiulations which admit of several meanin+s (Art. 1)2)"

&. =hen it contains various stiulations! some of which are dou&tful (Art. 1)2,"

c. =hen it contains words with different meanin+s (Art. 1)25"

d. =hen it contains am&i+uities and omission of stiulations (Art. 1)2"

e. =ith resect to the art who caused the o&scurit (Art. 1)22"

f. =hen it is imossi&le to settle dou&ts usin+ the a&ove cited rules (Art. 1)23"‐

0 >n +ratuitous contracts

0 >n onerous contracts

+. =hen dou&ts are cast uon the rincial o&'ect so that the true intention cannot &e @nown (Art.

1)23"

#. nder the


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9>. Defective Contracts

A.


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#. 6inds (Art. 1,/)"

a. nauthoried contracts (Art. 1,/,"

&. Contracts covered & %tatute of :rauds

i. Purose of %tatute of :rauds

ii. Iow ne-istent Contracts

1. Characteristics

0 9oid from the &e+innin+

0 Produces no effect whatsoever

0 Cannot &e ratified (Art. 1,/4"

#. 6inds

a. 9oid Contracts

i. Those whose cause! o&'ect or urose is contrar to law! morals! +ood customs! u&lic order or

u&lic olic

0 =hen the act constitutes a criminal offense (Art. 1,11"0 =hen the act is unlawful &ut does not constitute a criminal offense (Art. 1,1#"

o In pari delicto rule

0 =hen the urose is ille+al and mone is aid or roert delivered therefore (Art. 1,1,"

0 =hen the contract is ille+al and one of the arties is incaa&le of +ivin+ consent (Art. 1,15"

0 =hen the a+reement is not er se ille+al &ut rohi&ited (Art. 1,1"

0 =hen the amount aid e-ceed the ma-imum fi-ed & law 4Art. 1,12"

0 =hen & virtue of a contract a la&ourer underta@es to wor@ lon+er than the ma-imum num&er of

hours of wor@ fi-ed & law (Art. 1,13"

0 =hen the contract is divisi&le (Art. 1,#/"

0 =hen the contract is the direct result of a revious ille+al contract (Art. 1,##"

ii. Those whose o&'ect is outside the commerce of man

iii. Those which contemlate an imossi&le serviceiv. Those where the intention of the arties relative to the rincial o&'ect of the contract cannot &e

ascertained

v. Those e-ressl rohi&ited & law

&. >ne-istent Contracts

i. those which are a&solutel simulated or fictitious (Articles 1),5 to 1),"

ii. those whose cause or o&'ect did not e-ist at the time of the transaction

). *o =aiver of Defense of >lle+alit (Art. 1,/4"

,. Action or Defense for the Declaration of the >ne-istence of a Contract

0 *o rescrition eriod (Art. 1,1/"

0 *ot availa&le to third ersons not directl affected (At. 1,#1"

PART THREE: SPECIFIC EXAMPLES OF OBLIGATIONS

O&li+ations Created & LawA. $stoel

1. Definition (Art. 1,)1"

#. 6inds

a. Technical estoel

i. & record

ii. & deed (Art. 1,))"

&. $8uita&le estoel or estoel in pais (Art. 1,))"

). Persons Bound (Art. 1,)4"


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,. Alication (Art. 1,), to 1,)3"

B. Trusts

1. Definition (Art. 1,,#"

#. Parties (Art. 1,,/"

a. Trustor

&. Trustee

c. Beneficiar or cestui que trust). 6inds (Art. 1,,1"

a. $-ress trusts

i. Proof re8uired (Art. 1,,)"

ii. :orm (Art. 1,,,"

iii. =ant of trustee (Art. 1,,5"

iv. Accetance & the &eneficiar (Art. 1,,1"

&. >mlied Trusts

i. Iow esta&lished (Art 1,,1"

ii. Iow roved (Art. 1,52"

iii. %ecific cases (Art. 1,,3 to 1,5"

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OBLICON - Topic Syllabus