1

Unit 4: Energy & Photosynthesis In order for students to obtain mastery in the study of how energy is captured, converted, and stored within plants, they must be able to:

Objectives Text 1) Explain how chemical bonds determine the amount of energy stored and released in molecules such as ATP.

2.1, 8.1

2) Identify the reactants and products within a chemical reaction such as photosynthesis.

2.4, 8.2

3) Explain, how through the process of photosynthesis, autotrophs are able to capture, convert, and story energy.

8.1, 8.2

4) Investigate factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis 8.3

5) Identify the various structures within a plant cell and explain the role each plays in the process of photosynthesis.

7.2, 8.2, 8.3

6) Explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

9.1

7) Identify the reactants and products and explain the process of cellular respiration and how it relates to energy production within organisms.

9.1

Key Terms

ATP pigment reactant heterotroph carbon dioxide

reaction rate

autotroph oxygen chemical bond chlorophyll energy

photosynthesis glucose product chloroplast water cellular respiration

2

Unit 4: Energy, Photosynthesis &

Cellular RespirationAssignment Sheet

(print your packet)

Date Activity Assignment

10/28F

Intro to Photosynthesis p3

Online Activity:Online Activity: Illuminating Photosynthesis p4-6 8.1 Guided Reading: Energy & Life p8&9

10/31M

Elodea Photosynthesis Lab p7Read 8.2 & Complete Guided Reading Qs p11&12

Read 23.4

11/1T

8:35 Start

Review Lecture: Intro to Energy & Matter p13PreLab Energy & Matter p14&15

Online Lab: Leaf Structure p16

11/2W

Corrections to PreLab-Energy & MatterElodea: Online Lab p17

Finish p17 Analysis Qs

11/3Th Lab Energy & Matter p18-20 Finish Lab

11/4F

Mini Leaf Lab p21Lecture: Photosynthesis-Part I p22-25

8.2 Interactive Art p26

11/7M

Lecture: Photosynthesis-Part II p27-28Post Lab Energy & Matter p29

8.2 Photosynthesis Overview Venn Diagram p 30

11/8T

8:35 Start

PreLab: Cellular Respiration p31&32 (due before end of period) Read 8.3 & Take Notes

11/9W

Corrections PreLab: Cellular RespirationReview Quiz p36-38

Complete Page36-38

11/10Th

Plant: Video p10 Read 9.1 & Take Notes

11/11 F

No School: Veteran's Day

11/14M

Lab: Cellular Respiration p33-35 Complete LabStudy for Quiz

11/15T

8:35 Start

Unit 4 Quiz

1st Draft-ShowMe p47

Finish your ShowMe Draft & make sure you

have properly created an account

11/16W

Lecture: Cellular Respiration p39-42Create your ShowMe Topic p48

Read 9.2 & Take Notes

11/17Th

FTD

Post Lab: Cellular Respiration p439.1 & 9.2 Guided Reading Qs p44-45Review for Unit 4 Exam p46

Study for Unit 4 Exam

11/18F Unit 4 Exam No Homework

Return to Biology Website

3

“PHOTOSYNTHESIS” They Might Be Giants

Here Comes Science 2009

Complete the worksheet as you watch and listen to the Music Video

Photosynthesis: the process by which plants convert ______ _______ ________ (CO2) into

________________ compounds in order to ___________.

Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaahaaaha Photosynthesis does not involve a camera or a synthesizer although that’s interesting too. Photosynthesis is how plants take in ___________ from the _________ and turn it into _____________. It’s actually a thing on which most ________ depends here on the planet ___________. Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaahaaaha With plants ________________________ cells take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and that’s the ____________

that we breath ____________;

Combines it with __________and exposes it to _________________ and that’s how plants make their

own ________________.

_______________________ is why plants need _________ and photosynthesis is why _______________

need ________________;

Because through photosynthesis ____________ make ________________ (O2) and _____________ need

_____________ (O2) to _______________.

Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaaha Photosynthesis…….Aaaahaaaha

4

Illuminating Photosynthesis

Name: ________________________ Date: _____________ Period: ___

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/methuselah/photosynthesis.html Read the introduction and answer the questions below: 1. “Who” does photosynthesis? (include @ least 2) 2. Photosynthesis is “responsible” for what? 3. What exactly is photosynthesis? 4. Photosynthesis has a great “responsibility” (answer to #2), what other vital function does photosynthesis perform? 5. How do the creatures that complete photosynthesis get “repaid”? Click on “Illuminating Photosynthesis (155K)” Requires Flash Click on

Examine the molecules in the upper right hand corner make sure you can identify each.

5

Click on each of the following things in the order specified by each number and record in the data table your observations.

Observations

#1 Kid

#2 Watering Can

#3 Window Shade

Light enters the room

Summary

Write a short, concise paragraph summarizing the interaction of all the items in the photo above.

#1

#2

#3

6

Click on

Follow the instructions by clicking “Next”, but answer the questions below as you go. 1. What molecule is discussed first? ________ How did the tree obtain this molecule? 2. The molecule mentioned in #1 changes into what molecule? _________ What caused molecule #1 to change? _______________________ Where does molecule #2 go? ______________________________________ 3. A third molecule enters the scene, name that molecule ___________. How did #3 enter the tree? _____________________________________________________. Where did it come from? _________________________________________. 4. Molecule #3 changes inside the tree, what molecule (you have seen this one already) is formed? _____________ 5. A final big molecule is form, name that molecule. _________________. What does the tree use this molecule for? _____________________ 6. Write the equation that sums up what you just saw:

(+ light) 7. Click on “Note about this equation”....what is the simple way of writing the equation above:

(+ light) Click on

Answer Puzzlers 1-3, take notes down below.

7

Biology – Unit 3 - Energy and Matter – Photosynthesis

Quick Lab – Guided Inquiry What Waste Material Is Produced During Photosynthesis? Materials: Elodea Large, clear plastic cup Test Tube 0.5% Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution Procedure:

1. Fillalarge,clearplasticcupabouthalfwayfullwithsodiumbicarbonatesolution.Thesodiumbicarbonatesolutionisasourceofcarbondioxide(CO2).

2. Placeafreshlycutelodeaplant(withthecutstematthebottomofthetesttube)intoalargetesttube.Fillthetesttubewithsodiumbicarbonatesolution.

3. Holdingyourfingeroverthemouthofthetesttube,turnthetesttubeoverandloweritintothesolutioninthecup.Trytoavoidtrappingairinthetesttube.Seethefigurebelow.

4. Placethecupinabrightlight.5. After20‐30minutes,lookcloselyattheelodealeaves.Recordyourobservations.

Analysis:

1. Whatdidyouobserveontheelodealeaves?

2. Whatisthesubstancethatyouobservedontheelodealeaves?Shouldthatsubstancebeconsideredawasteproduct?Explain.

3. Whichplantorganellecarriesoutphotosynthesisandproducesthesubstanceontheleaves?

8

8.1 Energy and Life Lesson Objectives

Describe the role of ATP in cellular activities.

Explain where plants get the energy they need to produce food.

Chemical Energy and ATP For Questions 1–6, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.

1. is the ability to do work.

2. The main chemical compound cells use for energy is (ATP).

3. is a 5-carbon sugar molecule that is part of an ATP molecule.

4. The of ATP are the key to its ability to store and supply energy.

5. ATP releases energy when it bonds between its phosphate groups.

6. Most cells only store enough ATP for of activity.

7. Label each part of the diagram of an ATP molecule below.

Heterotrophs and Autotrophs For Questions 8–12, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

8. All heterotrophs must eat food to get energy.

9. Autotrophs do not need to eat food because they make food.

10. The energy in food originally came from ATP.

11. The term photosynthesis means “pulling apart with light” in Greek.

12. The energy of sunlight is stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates.

THINK VISUALLY

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________

9

13. Complete the table comparing two types of organisms.

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

Type Description Examples

Autotrophs

Heterotrophs

14. Suppose that you ate a hamburger on a wheat roll with lettuce, tomatoes, and onions for lunch. As you ate, you took in food molecules from plants and animals. Explain why all the energy in the food molecules of this hamburger could be traced back to the sun.

Apply the Big idea

10

Eyewitness Video: Plant Name: _____________________ Period: _________ Date: ______

1. Name two wake up calls that a plant receives to signal seeds into action.

2. Why is it thought that singing or talking to plants helps them grow? (explain!)

3. The Saguaro cactus of the American West has evolved to deal with water loss, name two features of their plant anatomy that help them keep water.

4. Some plants on mountain tops have a furry appearance, why to plants need this and what exactly is the purpose of “plant fur”?

5. Plants have developed weapons of their own to defend against insects (and others), how do tobacco plants defeat against insect predators? (be specific)

6. Some plants are jokers, the passion flower uses what strategy to avoid being eaten by catepillars?

7. We now realize that many folk cures have roots in solid medical science, what type of problem would someone who uses foxglove (which contains digitalis) most likely have?

8. How does the pitcher plant supplement its diet? (be specific!)

9. Unlike humans, insect see ____________ light; so highly colored plants seem to glow. 10. Besdies using dandelions as a salad ingredient, name two different uses man has found for

dandelions.

11. Besides just dropping seeds to the ground (parent would compete with offspring), how do some plants distribute their seeds? (Name two methods)

11

8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Lesson Objectives

12. Explain the role of light and pigments in photosynthesis.

13. Explain the role of electron carrier molecules in photosynthesis.

14. State the overall equation for photosynthesis.

Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts For Questions 1–6, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words. 1. The of light determines its color.

2. Chemicals that absorb light are called .

3. Chlorophyll makes plants look green because it green light.

4. Chloroplasts contain an abundance of saclike photosynthetic membranes called __________.

5. The is the fluid portion of the chloroplast located outside the thylakoids.

6. The visible light absorbed by chlorophyll the energy level of the chlorophyll’s electrons.

7. Label the internal parts of the chloroplast below.

An Overview of Photosynthesis For Questions 8–10, write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 8. What are the reactants of the photosynthesis reaction?

A. chlorophyll and light C. carbohydrates and oxygen B. carbon dioxide and water D. high-energy electrons and air

9. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions? A. chloroplasts and light C. oxygen and ATP B. proteins and lipids D. water and sugars

10. Where do the light-independent reactions occur? A. stroma C. chlorophyll B. thylakoids D. mitochondria

12

11. Complete the illustration by writing the reactants and products of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions. Also, fill in the energy source that excites

13

Review Lecture Notes: Energy & Matter

14

Energy in Matter Name: ________________________

Date: __________ Period: _____ PreLab: Energy in Reactions Materials:

2 pairs of safety goggles 125 ml flask graduated cylinder test tube rack spatula

hydrochloric acid test tubes 2 cm piece of magnesium ribbon ammonium nitrate

Procedure #1:

1. Using a graduated cylinder measure 5 ml of Hydrochloric acid. Pour this into a test tube that is firmly seated in a test tube rack. Do NOT remove the test tube from the rack.

WARNING: Hydrochloric acid is a strong irritant. Avoid skin/eye contact; do not ingest. If contact occurs, flush affected area with water for 15 minutes; rinse mouth with water; call the teacher.

2. Feel the outside of the test tube and note the relative temperature. Record your

observations. 3. Place 2 cm of magnesium ribbon into the acid, in the test tube, and observe what

happens. 4. Feel the outside of the test tube and note the relative temperature. Record any

observations. 5. Discuss with your partner any energy changes you observed and record your

observations Procedure #2:

1. Put approximately 10 ml of room-temperature tap water into a test tube. 2. Feel the outside of the test tube and note the relative temperature. Record your

observation. 3. Put approximately 2 spatulas of dry ammonium nitrate into the water in the test tube,

and swirl it gently to dissolve the powder. WARNING: Ammonium nitrate is an irritant. Avoid creating dust; avoid skin/eye contact; do not ingest. If contact occurs, flush affected area with water for 15 minutes; rinse mouth with water; call the teacher.

4. Feel the outside of the test tube and note the relative temperature. Record your

observation. 5. Discuss with your partner any energy changes you observed and record your

observations

A. B.

The two products use heat in different ways. A. Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings. The reaction that takes place inside the cold pack is an endothermic reaction. What form of energy is absorbed? B. Exothermic reactions like the ones that take place inside the hand warmer, release energy to their surroundings. What form of energy does the hand warmer’s chemical reaction give off?

15

After reading the Materials & Process/Procedures section, answer the questions below in complete sentences (unless a fill-in-the-blank is provided):

1. Discuss with your partner how to define matter. Write your definition below & give three

examples of matter.

2. Discuss with your partner how to define energy. Write your definition below & give three examples of energy.

3. In the first exercise you conduct, what potentially harmful chemical will you use? What are ALL the safety precautions for this chemical?

4. In the second exercise you conduct, what potentially harmful chemical will you use? What are ALL the safety precautions for this chemical?

5. Draw (&label) the substances that should be added to the tests tubes below in exercise one and two. Indicate the quantity that will be added to the each of the test tubes. What data must you record in this lab in the first two experiments? (hint: it’s qualitative) List all “other observations” you could look for in this lab? (be specific)

Exercise One

Exercise Two

Types of Data:

Types of Data:

16

Online Lab: Leaf Structure Name: ________________________Date:___ Period: __

http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/32/ch32c1.html or http://bioactive.mrkirkscience.com/32/ch32c1.html

Go to the URL above. Identify the name of the area in the table and examine the structure of a leaf by rolling over each area. Take notes regarding the function of that area in the table below.

Area # Name Function

1: ___________

2: ___________

3: ___________

4: ___________

5: ___________

6: ___________

1

2

3

4

5

6

17

Elodea Water Simulation Objective: to observe how different variables affect the rate of photosynthesis in a water plant Go to the following site: http://www.saddleworth.oldham.sch.uk/science/simulations/waterweed.htm Procedure: There are many variables that you can use to get information from this simulation. It is important that when you are testing a given variable it is the only variable (thing) that is changed.

1. For a trial run, set the CO2 and light level to about 5.0. Click on the start button and watch the number of bubbles that appear. After counting the bubbles for 30 seconds, it will record them on the chart.

2. Notice that you can run this experiment in “real time” or “fast time”. 3. When done with the 34 trials, you can then change the CO2, light and light filter in any way you choose to try to produce the maximum bubbles possible.

3. Use the simulator to answer and interpret the questions that appear below.

Trials CO2 Light Light Filter Bubble Count

Practice trial 5 5 White 1 5 White 2 5 White 3 5 White 4 5 White 5 5 White 6 5 White 7 5 White 8 5 White 9 5 White 10 5 White 11 5 5 Green 12 5 5 Blue 13 5 5 Red 14 15 16 17 18 Analysis Questions (on separate paper)

1. How does color affect the rate of photosynthesis? 2. How does light intensity (light level) affect the rate of photosynthesis? 3. How does the amount of CO2 present affect the rate of photosynthesis? 4. What are the bubbles you are measuring in this lab? (think about the photosynthesis equation)How can the bubbles tell you how fast photosynthesis is occurring? 5. Why is it important that you keep two variables constant (such as light level and color) while you are testing how a third variable (CO2 level) affects photosynthesis? 6. What settings can you put the simulator on to get the maximum rate of photosynthesis?

18

Energy in Matter Name: ________________________

Date: __________ Period: _____ Lab: Energy in Reactions

Read the Materials & Process/Procedures section. In this experiment you will complete two exercises.

Exercise One: Magnesium ribbon in HCl. 1. Complete the exercise according to the instructions on the revious page and record your observations below.

2. Discuss the energy changes you observed. Perhaps you or your partner recall the terms that describes the types of chemical reactions that release or absorb energy from their surroundings.

Exercise One Before Adding Magnesium Ribbon

After Adding Magnesium Ribbon

Data Relative Temperature: Other Observations:

Data Relative Temperature: Other Observations:

19

Exercise Two: Ammonium Nitrate (NH4 NO3) in Water 1. Complete the exercise according to the instructions on the revious page and record your observations below.

2. Discuss the energy changes you observed. Perhaps you or your partner recall the terms that describe the types of chemical reactions that release or absorb energy from their surroundings. Analysis Questions Answer the questions below in complete sentences (unless a fill-in-the-blank or other directions are given). 1. Was the reaction in Exercise One: Magnesium Ribbon in HCl an endothermic or exothermic reaction? (Circle one) State your evidence for your conclusion.

2. Was the reaction in Exercise Two: Ammonium Nitrate in Water an endothermic or exothermic reaction? (Circle one) State your evidence for your conclusion.

Exercise Two Before Adding NH4 NO3 Powder

After Adding NH4 NO3 Powder

Data Relative Temperature: Other Observations:

Data Relative Temperature: Other Observations:

10 mL Water

10 mL Water

Add 2 scoopula

tips of NH4 NO3 Powder

20

3. What do you think happened to the organization of the solid ammonium nitrate molecules when they dissolved in water? 4. If an exothermic reaction releases heat, why is it inaccurate to say that an endothermic reaction releases cold? 5. What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? Provide at least two examples of each to help with your explanation. (Recall your experiments in Natural Science class.) 6. Explain why the energy that is stored in chemical bonds of a molecules is not destroyed when that molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. 7. Define ATP’s role as a link between matter and energy.

21

Mini Leaf Lab Name: ________________________Date: _____________ Period: ___

Zebrina: Follow instructions from your instructor to prepare & label a wet mount of Zebrina 6. What will you need to label during this activity?

7. What objective will you need to use? ( High Medium Low ) Power (circle one)

Zebrina

Total Magnification: ____________ Elodea: Follow instructions from your instructor to prepare & label a wet mount of Elodea

1. What will you need to label during this activity?

2. What objective will you need to use? ( High Medium Low ) Power (circle one)

Elodea

Total Magnification: ____________

22

Photosynthesis & Structure of a Leaf: Part I Photosynthesis : Why Study It?

Raw Materials required for Photosynthesis Photo= Synthesis = Photosynthesis

Three major events: Spectrum of Light Energy

23

Cross Section of a Leaf

Upper & Lower Epidermis Mesophyll

24

Guard cells Stomata (stoma)

Vascular Bundle (Vein) Xylem Phloem

Cross Section of a Leaf

25

What does a Chloroplast really look like? Where does it happen?

Thylakoids (pan-cake) Grana (stacks) Stroma (thick fluid) Photosynthesis: Summing It Up in a Formula Overview of Photosynthesis Three major events:

Absorption of light energy: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy: Storage of potential energy in carbohydrates:

Overview of Photosynthesis

26

8.2 Interactive Art: Photosynthesis Go to Biology.com via PearsonSuccessNet, click explore, Unit 3 Cells, Ch 8, 8.2 Photosynthesis, Activities, finally Interactive Art Complete the 3 sections by reading the background information to the left , following the directions provided & using the buttons in the lower right

1. Duringphotosynthesis,chlorophyllpigmentsinthecells_________________________________________

anduseitto_______________________________________________________________________

2. Thefirstsetofchemicalreactionsiscalled_______________________________________________and

whatdotheyproduce?____________________________________

3. Thesecondsetofchemicalreactionsarecalledthe_______________________________________________

(alsoknownastheCalvincycle).Thesereactionsproduce_______________________________________

thatprovidetheplantwith_________________________________.

Addtherawingredients,thenclickanimate.

4. Whatisthissubstance ?___________________________________Howdoesitentertheplant?

______________________________________________

5. Whatisthissubstance ?___________________________________Howdoesitentertheplant?

______________________________________________

6. Writethebalancedequationthatsummarizesallthechemicalreactionsofphotosynthesis…

drawpicturesofeachofthemoleculesbeneaththedottedboxes.

+ +

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________

27

Photosynthesis: Light Dependent & Light Independent Reactions Take Notes-Light Reactions Take Notes: Dark Reactions

Two Stages • Light-Dependent Reactions

– Also known as: • •

• Light Independent Reactions – Also known as:

• • •

28

Light Reactions • Requires • Occurs in the

– Absorption of – is converted into

• Three products formed – – –

Dark Reactions • Occurs in • Requires

– – Incorporates carbons into

29

Energy in Matter Post Lab Endothermic / Exothermic Reactions

Endothermic or Exothermic?

NH4NO3 (s) + H2O (l) + _____________ _____________

o Endo = o Thermic =

Products feels…. Heat is Heat went

Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) ________ + __________ + __________

o Exo = o Thermic =

Products feels…. Heat is Heat

Energy: Two forms ______________ energy

_________________energy

_____________&_____________ Energy: An Example Conservation of Matter (Energy)

30

8.2 Photosynthesis Overview: Venn Diagram After reading about the Light Dependent and Light Independent Reactions in section 8.2. Complete the Venn Diagram below.

Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________

31

PreLab-Respiration: A Complimentary Process Name: ____________________________

Date: _____________ Period: _______ Read ALL of the lab before you answer the questions below. Answer in COMPLETE sentences unless a fill-in-the-blank is provided.

1. In what type of cells does cellular respiration occur? ______________________________ 2. What controls cellular respiration? _________________________________ 3. Where does the main part of this process occur? _____________________________ 4. What is the purpose of this lab?

5. How will using bromthymol blue help us in this lab?

6. What will be your control in Part A, explain why this is a control?

7. Draw two pictures below illustrating your experimental and control setup for Part A. Indicate which is experimental and which is the control. (donʼt forget to include ALL labels (substances, quantities, etc)) include YOURSELF & the straw.

_________________ setup:

Sitting

__________________ setup: After 2 minutes of Exercise

32

8. Construct a data table for Part A below. (Donʼt forget a title for the table, indicate units, use a ruler, etc)

9. Examine your answer to the two previous questions, what is the experimental variable in Part A? ______________________________________

10. Draw two pictures below illustrating your experimental and control setup for Part B. Indicate which is experimental and which is the control. (donʼt forget to include ALL labels (substances, quantities, etc)

11. Construct a data table for Part B below. (Donʼt forget a title for the table, indicate units,

use a ruler, etc)

12. Examine your answer to the two previous questions, what is the experimental variable in Part B? ______________________________________

_________________ setup:

__________________ setup:

33

Lab-Respiration: A Complimentary Process

Name: ____________________________ Date: _____________ Period: _______

Targets: 6) Explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

7) Identify the reactants and products and explain the process of cellular respiration and how it relates to energy production within organisms.

INTRODUCTION Biochemists refer to the main energy-releasing process as cellular respiration. This is a series of cellular chemical reactions that occur in both plant and animal cells. During cellular respiration, the chemical energy in food is released in several reactions controlled by enzymes. The main part of this process takes place in the mitochondria. Each mitochondria contains all the enzyme “machinery” for the respiratory process. PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to formulate the concept that living things give off carbon dioxide as a result of cellular respiration. MATERIALS

2 125mL Erlenmeyer Flasks 1 straw 2 jars with lids 5 sprouting seedlings 1 clock or watch with second hand 100 mL Bromthymol Blue (+ more for jars)

PROCEDURE Part A-Carbon Dioxide and Exercise

1. Obtain 100 mL of bromthymol blue in a beaker. Observe & note the color of the fluid. Fill

each of 2 Erlenmeyer Flasks half full of bromthymol blue. (Bromthymol blue turns green or yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. It turns blue again when the carbon dioxide is removed.)

2. Blow gently through a straw into one of the flask for 1 full minute. Do not force the liquid out of the tube or get any of it in your mouth.

3. Record any color changes in Flask 1 in your data table. Save the flask and fluid. You will use this as a control.

4. Run in place for 2 minutes.

5. Blow gently through a straw into the second flask for 1 full minute and record how many seconds it takes the bromthymol blue to become the same color as the first control test tube. Donʼt forget to note the color after a full minute of exhalation. Record the data in your data table.

34

Part B-Do plants give off Carbon Dioxide?

1. Obtain two jars with lids. Place 5 sprouting seeds in one of the jars.

2. Pour enough bromthymol blue into the jar until the seedlings are barely covered. Note the color of the fluid.

3. Pour the same amount of bromthymol blue into the second jar with no seeds. This is your control.

4. Place the lids tightly on both jars. You do not want any air to enter.

5. Record the time it takes for each jar to turn a different color. If after 10 minutes, no changes occur, you may stop. (record data in your second data table). Record the color of both jars whenever you stop.

Analysis: answer in COMPLETE sentences unless a fill-in-the-blank is provided. Part A

1. What color change took place in Erlenmeyer Flask #1? __________________________

2. What gas must be have been in the air you are breathing out? _____________________

3. How many seconds did it take Erlenmeyer Flask #2 to become the same color as Erlenmeyer Flask #1? ___________

4. Which changed the bromthymol blue faster, your normal breathing or your breath after exercising?

5. What does this prove about the amount of carbon dioxide in your exercise breath?

35

Part B

1. Describe what happened in the control jar.

2. Describe what happened in the experimental jar.

3. Based on your answers for one and two, what is being given off by the seedlings?

4. What do plants and animals give off during respiration?

36

Unit 4 Review Name: __________________ Date: _________ Period: ___

http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phbio/activities/cbd-3081/simbase.htm

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa/plants/plants1.shtml Photosynthesis

1. Where specifically does the chemical change (photosynthesis) take place in plants (most commonly)?

2. During this reaction, ____________________ and __________________ are converted into

____________________ and ___________________. 3. Additionally, what two things are required (or must be present) in order for the reaction to occur?

_____________________________________ and ____________________ 4. Take a moment to study the cross section of a leaf and review all the major parts! 5. Review the equation for photosynthesis, why is ‘light energy’ written differently?

6. What 2 ways is ‘light energy’ commonly written?

37

7. What does the plant do with glucose once it is made? Identify 2 uses: a. b.

8. What substance is considered the “by-product” of photosynthesis? ____________________ Click “next” or Page 2 to advance to the next section. Factors Limiting Photosynthesis

1. 3 Factors limit photosynthesis, add a title to the X axis of each below & indicate what happens to the rate of photosynthesis as the variable on the X axis increases.

Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3

2. Which graph(s) is/are best summarized by the following- As this factor increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases, reaches a peak, but eventually decreases: ____________________

3. Which graph(s) is/are best summarized by the following- As this factor increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases but then eventually plateaus (levels off): _____________________

4. Name 2 ways farmers could use their knowledge of these limiting factors to increase crop growth.

(be sure to name & explain the method) Click “next” or Page 3 to advance to the next section. Plants and minerals

1. The most important elements a plant needs to survive are carbon, hydrogen & oxygen. From where do plants obtain these elements?

2. Nitrate and magnesium are also important mineral ions needed for healthy growth. Indicate why each ion is needed and what happens if plants are deficient.

Mineral Ion Function If deficient

Nitrate

Magnesium

Rat

e of

Pho

tosy

nthe

sis

Rat

e of

Pho

tosy

nthe

sis

Rat

e of

Pho

tosy

nthe

sis

38

Click “Test Bit” to continue Test Bite-Record your answers after each question 1. Which gas is needed for photosynthesis? 2. What type of energy is needed for photosynthesis to happen? 3. What is produced as a waste by-product from photosynthesis? 4. The green substance needed to absorb energy for photosynthesis is: 5. Tomatoes in a greenhouse grow faster if the carbon dioxide concentration is increased. This shows that: 6. Why do plants need nitrate ions? 7. A plant with yellow leaves could be growing in soil deficient in:

39

What is Cellular Respiration? • Step-by-step ____________________of high-energy _____________

molecules to release _____________ • Takes place

• Occurs in ___________, controlled by _____________ Where does it occur?

Different types of Cellular Respiration Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration Aerobic-Stage 1: Glycolysis

2. means "______________________________" ….6 carbon ___________ is split into two 3 carbon molecules (_______________)

3. Occurs in the 4. 5. Some 6. Net yield =

40

The Krebs Cycle (a.k.a. citric acid cycle) • Occurs in the • required (aerobic) • (waste) • Some ATP produced • Net yield =

Electron Transport Chain

· series of · Occurs in the · required (aerobic) · A lot of ATP produced · Net yield =

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Aerobic Respiration • ____________ combines with ___________ to convert it into ___________ • Releasing carbon dioxide and water as waste products. • _____________________ ________________________________ Anaerobic Respiration • Occurs if there is a lack of oxygen available for aerobic respiration • _______________ is _______________________broken down • In this type of respiration a lot___________ is produced and most of it is

______ Anaerobic Energy Production: Fermentation

· Lactic Acid

· Alcoholic Fermentation Summary: Aerobic & Anaerobic Similarities:

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Differences:

Aerobic

Anaerobic

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Post Lab: Cellular Respiration Bromothymol blue solution, BTB

Part A

Part B

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9.1 Cellular Respiration: An Overview

Lesson Objectives Explain where organisms get the energy they need for life processes.

Define cellular respiration.

Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Overview of Cellular Respiration For Questions 1–6, complete each statement by writing the correct word or words.

1. The equation that summarizes cellular respiration, using chemical formulas, is .

2. If cellular respiration took place in just one step, most of the would be lost in the form of light and .

3. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called , which takes place in the of the cell.

4. At the end of glycolysis, about percent of the chemical energy is locked in the bonds of the molecule.

5. Cellular respiration continues in the of the cell with the and electron transport chain.

6. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be . Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be .

7. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the three main stages of cellular respiration.

THINK VISUALLY

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Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration For Questions 8–11, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 8. The energy flow in photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs in the same direction.

9. Photosynthesis deposits energy in Earth’s “savings account” for living organisms.

10. Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the air.

11. Photosynthesis takes place in nearly all life.

12. Complete the table comparing photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

A Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Aspect Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Function energy capture

Location of reactions

chloroplasts

Reactants

Products

9.2 The Process of Cellular Respiration

Lesson Objectives Describe what happens during glycolysis.

Describe what happens during the Krebs cycle.

Explain how high-energy electrons are used by the electron transport chain.

Identify how much ATP cellular respiration generates. The Krebs Cycle For Questions 1–4, write True if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. 1. The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the chloroplasts if oxygen is present

in a cell.

2. In the matrix, pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid before the Krebs cycle begins.

3. The compound that joins with a 4-carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle is called acetyl-CoA.

4. Carbon dioxide is the only product of the Krebs cycle that is not re-used or used in other stages of cellular respiration.

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Biology: Unit 4 Review Baseball

See Additional Reviews on the Assignment Sheet

• Today we will play baseball to review for the test. • Remember there is one out per inning and every pitch is a single.

Go to http://www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/unit4/baseball.key Use Keynote to view the review, click “Open in Keynote” in the upper right. If innings end quickly, we will play a double or triple header (this means you havenʼt studied and could use the practice!) Teams Inning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

If you don’t finish this baseball game is downloadable online using the URL above…if you don’t have powerpoint you can view here http://www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/bball/unit4.mov

Need to finish baseball using powerpoint http://www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/bball/unit4.ppt

Take Notes below and on back for any questions you (or your opponent) miss. This handout is due the day of the exam you must have a MINIMUM of 10 declarative facts recorded below for full credit. (attach an additional page if needed)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Now go online & complete a practice test, take notes on any questions you missed http://www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/exampro/3.htm Need more notes, try http://www.quia.com/cb/515490.html

Name: Date: Period:

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Rough Draft-ShowMe Interactive Whiteboard www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/unit4/showme/

Segment

# Narration Text/Drawing Image

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Findimagestogetyourtutorialstartedbyusingtheimagebank.,printacopyandattachtothispage.

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ShowMe Interactive Whiteboard My topic is:

All resources are linked on the website: www2.d125.org/science/secure/bio/unit4/showme/ 1. Gotothe“ShowMe”APP2. Createanaccount(useyourSHSpasswordandlinktoyourSHSemail)3. PracticeforafewminutesusingtheAPPbeforeyouactuallybeginyourShowMe

4. Findimagestogetyourtutorialstartedbyusingtheimagebank.5. CreateyourShowMetoexplainyourtopictoyourclassmates.Yournarrationcanbebuiltin

pieces(usethePAUSEbutton,don’tuse“stop”untilyouarefinished).Youcannotgoback&recordwithoutstartingover….sowriteascript&practice!

6. Oncefinishedwithyourtutorial,uploadit.

a. YouwillneedtotitleyourShowMe then b. YouwillalsoneedtocreateadescriptionforyourShowMe

then c. IfyouneedtostartyourShowMeover,besuretodeleteitoruseadifferentTITLE!

7. RecordtheURLforyourShowMe:__________________________________________________________8. EmailtheURLtoyourinstructor(cwood@d125.orgoracarnazzola@d125.org)