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Objectives:Objectives:
• Pre-assess background knowledge of Pre-assess background knowledge of the Great Depressionthe Great Depression
• Describe how the Great Depression Describe how the Great Depression affected the nation.affected the nation.
• Explain what caused the stock Explain what caused the stock market to crash.market to crash.
Warm Up Activity #1Warm Up Activity #1
Study the painting “Employment Study the painting “Employment Agency” and explain the mood that it Agency” and explain the mood that it conveys among people. conveys among people.
Employment AgencyEmployment AgencyExtension ActivityExtension Activity
Choose one character from Choose one character from the painting. Give him or the painting. Give him or her a name, and write a her a name, and write a short biography about the short biography about the person. person.
Employment Agency Employment Agency Extension ActivityExtension Activity Write a short, biographical profile of the Write a short, biographical profile of the
person that answers the following:person that answers the following:
What is his family like?What is his family like?
What did the person do before What did the person do before unemployment?unemployment?
What type of work might the person get?What type of work might the person get?
What happened to cause such a situation?What happened to cause such a situation?
Warm Up Activity #2Warm Up Activity #2
• Based on any previous knowledge do Based on any previous knowledge do your best to identify the following your best to identify the following terms:terms:
interest rate interest rate
inflation rateinflation rate
unemployment rate unemployment rate
consumer price index consumer price index
How do you think the How do you think the way that the U.S. way that the U.S. federal government federal government keeps track of them keeps track of them today differs from today differs from the 1920’s?the 1920’s?
Analyze the quoteAnalyze the quote
““We in America are nearer We in America are nearer to the final triumph over to the final triumph over poverty than ever before poverty than ever before in the history of any in the history of any land. The poorhouse is land. The poorhouse is vanishing among us.” vanishing among us.”
––Herbert Hoover 1928Herbert Hoover 1928
Primary Source ActivityPrimary Source Activity
1. Find a primary source quote in 1. Find a primary source quote in section 1 of Chapter 26.section 1 of Chapter 26.
2. Explain what it means.2. Explain what it means.
3. Find Hoover’s quote in the beginning 3. Find Hoover’s quote in the beginning of Section 1 of the chapter and write of Section 1 of the chapter and write a paragraph that contrasts it with the a paragraph that contrasts it with the quote that you found.quote that you found.
PRESIDENT HERBERT PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVERHOOVER
HOOVER INAUGURATED
PROMISES, PROMISES….
+
CAUSES OF THE DEPRESSION
• OVEREXTENSION OF CREDIT
• OVEREXPANSION OF BUSINESS
• BUYING ON MARGIN
• NO CONTROLS
UNEMPLOYMENT IN 1930
HOME TO THE UNEMPLOYED
H
O
O
V
E
R
V
I
L
L
E
Former Millionaire
BANK RUN IN CALIFORNIA
BREADLINE
Free Soup
Frustrated Farmers
Families forced to move
HOOVER’S BELIEFSGOVERNMENT
Trickle
Down
Voluntary Cooperation
What Hoover Did….
• Public Works Projects
HAWLEY-SMOOT
TARIFF
BONUS ARMY
THE END
“The men are sleeping in lean-tos built out of old newspapers, cardboard boxes, packing crates, bits of tin or tarpaper roofing, every kind of cockeyed makeshift shelter from the rain, scraped out of the city dump.”
Copyright 2003 Smithsonian Institution All rights reserved.
Warm Up Activity # 3 Warm Up Activity # 3
Define, in your own words, the Define, in your own words, the following term:following term:
Rugged Individualism Rugged Individualism
PRESIDENT HERBERT PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVERHOOVER
AgendaAgenda
Warm Up Warm Up
Analyze Hoover’s 1928 SpeechAnalyze Hoover’s 1928 Speech
And Hoover’s Beliefs (Collect And Hoover’s Beliefs (Collect Organizer)Organizer)
Complete Answers for Hoover Complete Answers for Hoover Interview QuestionsInterview Questions
HERBERT HOOVERHERBERT HOOVER
AL SMITHAL SMITH
Warm Up #4Warm Up #4
Predict how voters in the election of Predict how voters in the election of 1932, might respond to a candidate 1932, might respond to a candidate making the following statement: making the following statement:
““The country needs…bold…The country needs…bold…experimentation.”experimentation.”
PRESIDENT HERBERT PRESIDENT HERBERT HOOVERHOOVER
FRANKLIN DELANO FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELTROOSEVELT
Chapter 26, Section 2
Franklin Delano RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt?• Franklin Roosevelt, known as FDR, came from a wealthy family. In 1905, he
married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt. • During World War I, FDR had served as assistant secretary of the navy. He
later became governor of New York.• In 1921, Roosevelt was stricken with a severe case of polio, a disease caused
by a virus. His legs were totally paralyzed.• In 1932, the Democrats made him their presidential candidate.What did Roosevelt say he would do as President?• Roosevelt declared: “I pledge myself to a new deal for the American people.”
He did not spell out what he meant, but he struck a hopeful note.• In campaign speeches, he promised to help the jobless, poor farmers, and
the elderly.• Voters responded to his confident manner and personal charm.• On his inauguration day, he spoke with optimism. Then, he issued a call to
action. People welcomed his energetic approach.
Warm Up #4Warm Up #4
““The country needs…bold…The country needs…bold…experimentation.”experimentation.”
Predict an area of government Predict an area of government economic policy that FDR may economic policy that FDR may have been thinking about have been thinking about experimenting with in relation to experimenting with in relation to ending the Depression.ending the Depression.
Goals:Goals:
Why did voters elect Franklin D. Why did voters elect Franklin D. Roosevelt President in 1932?Roosevelt President in 1932?
What was the Hundred Days, and what What was the Hundred Days, and what were its accomplishments?were its accomplishments?
Chapter 26, Section 2
The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days
The new President moved forward on many fronts. He urged his staff to “take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it and try another. But above all try something.” The President sent many bills to Congress during his first three months in office. Between March 9 and June 16, 1933, Congress passed 15 major new laws. This period is called the Hundred Days.
Roosevelt’s first challenge was the nation’s crumbling banking system.• On his second day in office, he declared a bank holiday. He closed every
bank in the country for four days. • He then asked Congress to pass the Emergency Banking Relief Act. Under
this act, only banks with enough funds to meet depositors’ demands could reopen. The others had to stay closed.
• Then, he spoke to Americans by radio. The President told the people, “it is safer to keep your money in a reopened bank than under your mattress.” People began to return their money to banks.
Chapter 26, Section 2
The Hundred DaysThe Hundred Days
• Altogether, Roosevelt made 30 radio speeches while in office. He called them fireside chats because he spoke from a chair near a fireplace in the White House.
• Roosevelt’s program for economic recovery was called the New Deal. New Deal programs had three main goals: relief for the jobless, plans for economic recovery, and reforms to prevent another depression.
• The President’s New Deal programs changed the relationship between government and the economy. From then on the federal government took an active role in managing the American Economy.
AgendaAgenda
Warm UpWarm Up
Review guidelines and rubric for A-Z Review guidelines and rubric for A-Z Guide to New Deal Alphabet Guide to New Deal Alphabet AgenciesAgencies
• American Civ 10American Civ 10• New Deal Project – Part INew Deal Project – Part I• Directions:Directions: For this project, the class will For this project, the class will
create a directory of government agencies create a directory of government agencies created during the Great Depression. The created during the Great Depression. The guide should identify and describe each of guide should identify and describe each of the ten major programs created as part of the ten major programs created as part of the New Deal. (See the chart on p. 717 as the New Deal. (See the chart on p. 717 as well as your notes and the text for more well as your notes and the text for more detailed information.)detailed information.)
• Each page of the booklet should be:Each page of the booklet should be:• One slide created using Power PointOne slide created using Power Point• Organized alphabetically (by the agency) in the Organized alphabetically (by the agency) in the
bookbook• Explain the purpose of the agencyExplain the purpose of the agency• Describe the services offered by the agencyDescribe the services offered by the agency• Contain Contain at leastat least one illustration or logo that one illustration or logo that
represents the agencyrepresents the agency• The guide and your presentation of the information The guide and your presentation of the information
contained within it will be worth a total of 28 points contained within it will be worth a total of 28 points and will be due on. You will have one and a half and will be due on. You will have one and a half class periods to work on the project. class periods to work on the project.
Reaction to the New Deal Reaction to the New Deal
Warm Up ActivityWarm Up Activity
““Share Our Share Our Wealth” Wealth”
and “Make Every and “Make Every Man A King” Man A King”
were were the slogans of the slogans of Senator Huey Senator Huey ““Kingfish” Long.Kingfish” Long.
Warm Up Activity #6 Warm Up Activity #6
In your journal, write a short paragraph In your journal, write a short paragraph explaining:explaining:
a)a) what you think he meant by “share what you think he meant by “share our wealth” or “make every man a our wealth” or “make every man a king?”king?”
b)b) Why this idea might attract some Why this idea might attract some people people
c)c) Why it might alarm othersWhy it might alarm others
Chapter 26, Section 3
Response to the New DealResponse to the New Deal
• How did critics of the New Deal propose to end the depression?
• Why did FDR try to expand the Supreme Court?• What New Deal measures were meant to provide
labor reform and social security?• On balance, did the New Deal benefit or hurt the
country?
CRITICISMSCRITICISMS
• Huey Long - Not enough government Huey Long - Not enough government help for the poorhelp for the poor
• American Liberty League—too much American Liberty League—too much government interference government interference
• Supreme Court—unconstitutionalSupreme Court—unconstitutional
• Townshend—too little for elderlyTownshend—too little for elderly
Chapter 26, Section 3
By 1934, New Deal programs had restored hope, but they had not brought back prosperity. Some people believed that government was doing too much. Others believed that it was doing too little.
Senator Huey Long of Louisiana
• Long believed that the New Deal had not gone far enough to help the poor. He called for heavy taxes on the rich to provide every American family with a house, a car, and a decent annual income.
• People cheered. They overlooked the fact that he had used bribery and threats to win political power.
Dr. Francis Townsend
• Thought the New Deal didn’t help the elderly enough. Townsend’s plan was to give everyone over age 60 a pension of $200 a month. A pension is a sum of money paid to people on a regular basis after they retire.
• People receiving the pension would be required to retire to free up a job for someone else and spend the pension money at once to boost the economy.
Critics of the New DealCritics of the New Deal
Chapter 26, Section 3
Liberty League This conservative group complained that the New Deal interfered too much with business and people’s lives. They said that the government was taking away basic freedoms.
Critics of the New DealCritics of the New Deal
Chapter 26, Section 3
Dr FDR and the Supreme CourtDr FDR and the Supreme Court
• In 1935, the Supreme Court ruled that the National Industrial Recovery Act was unconstitutional. The Court said it gave too much power to the President. A year later, the Court struck down the Agricultural Adjustment Act. Then, the Court overturned eight other New Deal laws.
• Roosevelt’s plan for the Court• After his inauguration in January 1937, Roosevelt put forth a plan to
enlarge the federal courts. He called for raising the number of Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15. This would make it possible for him to appoint six new Justices who supported his programs.
• Reaction to Roosevelt’s plan• Both supporters and critics of the New Deal accused him of trying to
“pack” the Court with Justices who supported his views. • They said his move threatened the principle of separation of powers.• Roosevelt fought for his plan for six months. Finally, he withdrew his
proposal.
Chapter 26, Section 3
Labor ReformsLabor Reforms
• FDR supported programs to help workers. In 1935, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act. Senator Robert Wagner of New York had sponsored the act.
• The Wagner Act protected workers from unfair management practices, such as firing a worker for joining a union.
• The act also guaranteed workers the right to collective bargaining, the process by which a union negotiates with management on behalf of a group of workers. The Wagner Act helped union membership grow.
• Union membership got a further boost when John L. Lewis set up the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), which represented workers in whole industries, such as steel, automobiles, and textiles.
• Despite the Wagner Act, employers tried to stop workers from joining unions. Violence often resulted. Then workers tried a new strategy. At the Goodyear Tire Factory in Akron, Ohio, workers staged a sit-down strike. They stopped all machines and refused to leave the factory until Goodyear recognized their union.
Was the New Deal good for America? Was the New Deal good for America? Why or Why not? Why or Why not?
Chapter 26, Section 3
Effects of the New DealEffects of the New Deal
Short-Term Effects• Social Security payments
enable people to retire with pensions
• Union membership and power grow
• Farmers benefit from agricultural price supports
• The FDIC insures bank deposits
• The Securities and Exchange Commission oversees the stock market
Long-Term Effects• Social Security protects
millions of Americans but may not be able to pay full benefits in the future
• High-wage and low-wage earners continue to have different kinds of protection and benefits
• Americans have economic safeguards provided by the government
• A split between liberals and conservatives still affects public life
IMPACTIMPACT
• WELFARE STATEWELFARE STATE
• POWER OF GOVERNMENT POWER OF GOVERNMENT
• POWER OF THE PRESIDENT POWER OF THE PRESIDENT
Warm Up Activity #7Warm Up Activity #7
Today we will talk about the Today we will talk about the Black Blizzards of the Black Blizzards of the 1930s. What do you think 1930s. What do you think might cause a Black might cause a Black Blizzard?Blizzard?
Chapter 26, Section 4
The Dust BowlThe Dust Bowl
• During the 1930s, states from Texas to the Dakotas suffered a severe drought. Topsoil dried out. High winds carried the soil away in blinding dust storms. The area became known as the Dust Bowl.
• What caused the Dust Bowl?• Years of overgrazing by cattle and plowing by farmers destroyed the
grasses that once held the soil in place.• The drought dried out the soil, and high winds blew it away.
• Who was affected by the dust storms?• Hardest hit were poor farmers in Oklahoma and other Great Plains
states. Hundreds packed their belongings into cars and trucks and headed west.
• They became migrant workers—people who move from one region to another in search of work.
• Once the migrants reached the West Coast, they faced a new hardship—they were not wanted. Sometimes, angry crowds blocked the way and sent the migrants away.
Chapter 26, Section 4
The Dust BowlThe Dust Bowl
AgendaAgenda
Objective:Objective:
Describe how the New Deal tried to Describe how the New Deal tried to help victims of the Dust Bowl.help victims of the Dust Bowl.
Warm UpWarm Up
New Deal Position Papers CollectedNew Deal Position Papers Collected
Dust Bowl Packet w/ LaptopsDust Bowl Packet w/ Laptops
Warm Up Warm Up January 23, 2007January 23, 2007
Read the following cartoon. Based on Read the following cartoon. Based on the cartoon, what do you think the the cartoon, what do you think the overall feeling of Americans living overall feeling of Americans living through the Depression and the Dust through the Depression and the Dust Bowl was towards FDR and the New Bowl was towards FDR and the New Deal? Deal?
Warm UPWarm UPJan. 23, 2007 Jan. 23, 2007
Chapter 26, Section 4
Painting and photography
• Thomas Hart Benton painted huge murals of frontier life.• In American Gothic, Grant Wood painted an Iowa farmer and
his daughter who express the will to survive.• The government sent out photographers, including
Dorothea Lange and Margaret Bourke-White, to create a lasting record of American life during the Great Depression.
Radio • Comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen made people forget their troubles.
• Daytime radio shows—soap operas—which told stories of families, became popular.
• The Shadow, Amos and Andy
The Arts During the DepressionThe Arts During the Depression
Artists portrayed the hardships of depression life. In his 1939 novel The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck told the story of the Okies streaming over the mountains trying to find new homes in California.
Chapter 26, Section 4
The Arts During the DepressionThe Arts During the Depression
Radio • The most famous radio broadcast took place in 1938. On Halloween night, Orson Wells presented a “newscast” based on a science-fiction novel, The War of the Worlds. Many people mistook the program for real newscast and frantically sought ways to escape the Martian invasion.
Movies • To help escape the depression, movies told optimistic stories of love and success.
• Child star Shirley Temple became hugely popular.• A popular movie was Walt Disney’s Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated film.• In 1939, Judy Garland won American hearts in The Wizard of
Oz.• The most expensively made and most popular movie of the
1930s was Gone With the Wind. It showed the Civil War in a romantic light. It made people feel that Americans had survived hard times before. They could do it again.
• John Steinbeck – author of the John Steinbeck – author of the Grapes of WrathGrapes of Wrath
• Woody Guthrie – Folk singer who Woody Guthrie – Folk singer who wrote songs about the United States wrote songs about the United States during the Depression during the Depression
Debate Question #1Debate Question #1
Did FDR and the New Deal help protect Did FDR and the New Deal help protect freedom and democracy in the freedom and democracy in the United States during the Depression United States during the Depression or did he limit freedom and or did he limit freedom and democracy in this country? Why?democracy in this country? Why?
Debate Question #2Debate Question #2
Did FDR and the New Deal help Did FDR and the New Deal help businesses and their workers during businesses and their workers during the Depression or was FDR and the the Depression or was FDR and the New Deal bad for businesses? Why? New Deal bad for businesses? Why?
Debate Question #3Debate Question #3
Did FDR improve the federal Did FDR improve the federal government by making it bigger? government by making it bigger? Why or why not?Why or why not?
Debate Question #4Debate Question #4
List one program of the New Deal and List one program of the New Deal and explain why it was good or bad for explain why it was good or bad for the American people. the American people.
Great Depression Test Great Depression Test Thursday!!!Thursday!!!
Scouting ReportScouting Report
8 Multiple Choice8 Multiple Choice
2 Fill Ins (Causes)2 Fill Ins (Causes)
10 Matching Terms10 Matching Terms
8 Alphabet Soup Agency Matching8 Alphabet Soup Agency Matching
9 Hoover or FDR (Pick ‘Em – You 9 Hoover or FDR (Pick ‘Em – You Choose)Choose)
