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Objectives:
Identify principles of classification
Catalyst: Label all the major kingdoms you can think of.
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Aristotle “an old white guy”
• Classified everything as plants or animals… why would we need more classes than that?
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
Invented the field of
systematics and binomial nomenclature.
TAXONOMYaka “systematics”
the study of the classification of all
living things
WHY CLASSIFY?•Sets up an organized system so scientists can communicate.
•Shows evolutionary linkages between organisms.
The Hierarchical SystemKingdom
PhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus Species
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
the system used to identify all organisms using a two part Latin
name
Keys to Binomial NomenclatureFelis domesticus
• Must be in Latin
• Must be in italics or underlined
• Genus (1st word) must be capitalized
• Species must be lowercase
Examples of Common Scientific Names
• Canis familiaris - dog
• Felis domesticus - cat
• Canis lupus - wolf
• Vulpes vulpes - fox
• Populus deltoides - cottonwood
• We use Latin so that every language can identify the species
• Everyone knows Wu-Tang
• Everyone can identify lynx-rufus b/c it can be identified in any language
There are estimated to be 5-10 million species
in this world.
We have scientifically identified 1.5 million of
them.
Archaebacteria• One Cell
• Prokaryotic
• Sessile
• Decomposer/ Autotroph
Eubacteria• One Cell
• Prokaryotic
• Sessile
• Decomposer/ Autotroph
*WAS DISCOVERED IN 1976
*UNICELLULAR MARINE ORGANISM
*BELIEVED TO BE SIMILAR TO THE BACTERIA WHICH EVOLVES TO FORM CHLOROPLAST
Protista• Single celled /
simple multicellular• Eukaryotic• Sessile / Motile• Heterotrophs and
Autotrophs• Includes organisms
that “don’t fit”
Can be found in pond water
Gets it’s name from Greek word amoibe
Has no permanent shape
Multiplies by dividing into 2
Fungi• One or many• Eukaryotic• Chitin in wall (soft
cell wall)• Heterotrophic /
Takes food• Sessile• Reproduce by
spores
Discovered by Discovered by Alexander FlemingAlexander FlemingIn London,EnglandIn London,England
Discovered in 1929Discovered in 1929
11stst miracle drug miracle drug
Used to treat Used to treat wound infectionswound infections
Plantae• Multi Cell• Eukaryotic• Cells with cellulose
in cell wall• Sessile (some
motile)• Autotrophic• Photosynthetic
Most abundant mapleMost abundant maple tree in tree in NewNew York York
Official state tree of New YorkOfficial state tree of New York
Can be found in the Can be found in the eastern United Stateseastern United States
The Sugar maple tree can growThe Sugar maple tree can grow to be 100 feet tallto be 100 feet tall
and timber spicesand timber spicesProduces maple syrupProduces maple syrup
Animalia• Many Cells• Eukaryotic• Cells without
walls• Motile• Heterotrophic /
Takes food
Is found in Central Asia
Weights 77-121 lbs.
1.8-2.3 meters long
Snow leopards are able to kill Snow leopards are able to kill prey twice their size.prey twice their size.
Snow leopards are nocturnal.Snow leopards are nocturnal.
Cubs are born blind.Cubs are born blind.
5 Kingdoms of life
Moneran Fungi Protist Animal Plant
•one cell•prokaryote •Sessile/motile•decomposers & autotrophs
• one or many•Eukaryote•Sessile•Takes food
• One or many• Eukaryote• Sessile/motile• Takes or makes
• many cells• Eukaryote• most sessile• makes food
• many cells• Eukaryote• motile• takes food
FOUR QUESTIONS:1)One or many cells?2)Prokaryote or
Eukaryote?3)Sessile or Motile?4)Take or Make food?
3 Domain System
• A way to classify items for Molecular Biologists (which I hope one of you becomes some day!)
• Instead of Six Kingdoms… three domains Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya