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Objectives : Differentiate between animal and plant cells. Catalyst : Make a Venn Diagram and list 5 items for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Repeat for plant and animal cells. Cells. Prokaryotic. Eukaryotic. Animal Cells. Plant Cells. Prokaryote: -has no organelles (no nucleus). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Objectives:
Differentiate between animal and plant cells
Catalyst: Make a Venn Diagram and list 5 items for prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Repeat for plant and animal cells.
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Cells
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote• Prokaryote:
• -has no organelles (no nucleus)
Eukaryote:
-has organelles (has a nucleus)
Both:
-are living
-have DNA
-are cells
V. Plant vs. Animal Cells• Plant Cells
• -have chloroplasts and cell walls
• -can make their own food through photosynthesis
• -have large vacuoles to store water
Animal Cells
-have centrioles used in cell division
-can’t make their own food
Both Plant & Animal Cells
-both have:
Plasma membranes
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Nucleus’
Nucleolus’
Golgi
E.R.
DNA
-both are living
Overhead Hints for…
•Largest land animals alive today
•Gestation period is 22 months
•May live as long as 70 years or longer!
mystery organism…
• Unlike most mammals, which grow baby teeth and then replace them with a permanent set of adult teeth, this animal has cycles of tooth rotation throughout their entire life
• Guess now
mystery organism…ElephaElephantnt
mystery organism…ElephaElephantnt
Scientific MethodScientific Method If you got a question needs an answer you see,If you got a question needs an answer you see,
Gotta gather information in the library.Gotta gather information in the library.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!
Hypothesize what the answer could be, Hypothesize what the answer could be, then perform an experiment 1,2,3.then perform an experiment 1,2,3.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!
Record the data in the data sheet.Record the data in the data sheet.Draw up some conclusions and then repeat.Draw up some conclusions and then repeat.Oh, why must I do it this way?Oh, why must I do it this way?Hey, must be the method!Hey, must be the method!
Need a VolunteerNeed a Volunteer
Say the color of each word on the slide as Say the color of each word on the slide as fast as you can…fast as you can…
Example – “Napkin” - WhiteExample – “Napkin” - White
REDBLUE
YELLOWYELLOWGREEN
REDBLUE
Let’s try it again Hot-stuff Let’s try it again Hot-stuff
Say the color of each word on the slide as Say the color of each word on the slide as fast as you can…fast as you can…
Example – “Napkin” - WhiteExample – “Napkin” - White
REDBLUE
YELLOWYELLOWGREEN
REDBLUE
3 + 5 = 8
7 + 127 = 134
63 + 2956 = 3019etc….
Trying to understand addition with examples:
A possible examination question to determine if students have mastered addition:
154 + 382 = ?
Don’t just memorize the examples.
Understand the process!
Put everythingeverything in context.
One More fun gameOne More fun game
See how many of the words you can See how many of the words you can memorize…memorize…
brain
nerve
thumb
elbow
wrist
brain
nerve
thumb
elbow
wrist
Try one more time…Try one more time…
See how many of the words you can See how many of the words you can memorize…memorize…
ldrmq
hnbfg
xwgcb
zjrxp
Hello
Four proven keys to success in Med Four proven keys to success in Med 101101
1. Understand the material1. Understand the materialDon’t study for the grade
2. Understand the context2. Understand the contextDon’t study isolated facts
3. Come to every class3. Come to every classDon’t try to memorize the text book
4. Review each class day4. Review each class dayDon’t fall behind
Medication Errors Medical Mistakes U.S. Pharmacopeia study Harvard University study
December 2002
“Those who do not stop asking silly questions become scientists.” physicist Leon Lederman
TODAY’S INTERESTING SCIENCE
• Every hour one billion cells in the body must be replaced
Are these things alive?Are these things alive?
PlantPlant airair windwind
animals animals
bacteria bacteria
virusesviruses protistsprotists
rocksrocksfungi fungi soilsoil
firefire waterwater
Are these things alive?Are these things alive?
Plant Plant airair windwind
animals animals
bacteria bacteria
virusesviruses protistsprotists
rocksrocksfungi fungi soilsoil
firefire waterwater
Living
Living
Living
Living
Living
Ex. of Life and Nonlife:Ex. of Life and Nonlife:
Living Things: plants, animals, Living Things: plants, animals, protists, fungi, bacteriaprotists, fungi, bacteria
Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, soil, air, water, sunlightsoil, air, water, sunlight
This is a picture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacteria which causes the disease tuberculosis. What happens when you get this disease?
Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Life
Living things are organized at different Living things are organized at different levels.levels.
Organization of living things:Organization of living things:
--Cell(Smallest)Cell(Smallest)TissueTissueOrganOrganOrgaOrgan Systemn SystemOrganism(Biggest)Organism(Biggest)
-A cell is the smallest living thing.-A cell is the smallest living thing.
Cell Theory
All living things composed of one or more cells
Cells are basic units of structure and function in an organism
Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells
MicroscopesMicroscopesOriginal Microscope from 1600’s
Compound light microscope used today.
III. Types of CellsIII. Types of Cells-There are two types of cells:-There are two types of cells:
1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or any any other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: BacteriaBacteria
Two Types of Cells:Two Types of Cells:
2. Eukaryotic cells 2. Eukaryotic cells dodo have a nucleus. Ex: Plant have a nucleus. Ex: Plant and animal cells.and animal cells.
Prokaryote vs. EukaryoteProkaryote vs. Eukaryote
Prokaryote:Prokaryote:
-has no -has no organelles organelles (no nucleus)(no nucleus)
Eukaryote:Eukaryote:
-has organelles -has organelles (has a nucleus)(has a nucleus)
Both:
-are living
-have DNA
-are cells
Differences between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic CellsNo Nucleus
No Membrane-bound organelles
Very Small
Older
Only Bacteria
Eukaryotic CellsNucleusMany organellesLarger than
ProkaryotesYoungerAll Other Cells
NOTE! Plant cells are eukaryotic
Differences between Plant and Animal Cells
PLANT CELLS Square or “boxy” Have a cell wall Have chloroplasts Large vacuoles Usually green
(because of the chlorophyll)
ANIMAL CELLS• Round
• No cell wall
• No chloroplasts
• Small vacuoles
IV. Parts of the CellIV. Parts of the Cell
-Just like our bodies, cells must have -Just like our bodies, cells must have different structures which help them different structures which help them live.live.
-They need their own version of skin, a -They need their own version of skin, a stomach, blood and a brain to stomach, blood and a brain to survive.survive.
IV. Parts of the CellIV. Parts of the Cell
--Organelles are small membrane-Organelles are small membrane-bound structures found inside the bound structures found inside the cell which have special jobs to help cell which have special jobs to help the cell survive.the cell survive.
Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleus?nucleus?
Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleus?nucleus?
Nucleus
Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleolus?nucleolus?
Which part of this cell is the Which part of this cell is the nucleolus?nucleolus?
Nucleolus
What organelle is this?What organelle is this?
mitochondriamitochondria
What organelle is this?What organelle is this?
golgigolgi
V. Plant vs. Animal CellsV. Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant and animal cells do not have Plant and animal cells do not have exactly the same organelles. Some exactly the same organelles. Some organelles are found only in plant organelles are found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.cells or only in animal cells.
VI. Plant OrganellesVI. Plant Organelles
Vacuole-stores food and Vacuole-stores food and water.water.
Cell Wall-hard structure that Cell Wall-hard structure that protects and gives plant protects and gives plant cells shape.cells shape.
Chloroplast-turn light Chloroplast-turn light energy into sugar.energy into sugar.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• HUMAN EGG
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• STEM CELLS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• Red Blood Cells
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• FIBROBLAST
– Deals with healing
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• HEPATOCYTE
– Deals with liver and getting rid of toxins
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• NEURON
DIFFERENT TYPES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS!!!!• KILLER T CELLS!!!
Structure Prokaryotes
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Structure Plant Cells
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Structure Animal Cells
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Nucleus
Centrioles
Example
Structure Prokaryotes Plant Cells Animal Cells
Cell Wall YES YES NO
Cell Membrane YES YES YES
Organelles NO YES YES
Nucleus NO YES YES
Centrioles NO NO YES
Example BACTERIA CACTUS HUMAN
Nucleus Function: Control center of the cell Found: All Eukaryotic Cells (both plant and
animal cells have nuclei) Analogy: Mr. Land
Ribosome Function: makes proteins Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Guidance Office, Teachers
Cilia and Flagella Function: assist in movement of cell Found: Animal Cells / Prokaryotic Analogy: Your feet
Golgi Apparatus
Function: package and ship out Proteins
Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Office Secretaries
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Function: Pathway to ship proteins
Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Hallway
Misc: Rough ER – has Ribosomes on it
Smooth ER – has no ribosomes on it
Vacuole Function: store enzymes & metabolic
wastes Found: PLANTS ONLY!!! Analogy: Lockers
Chloroplast Function: Photosynthesis Found: PLANTS ONLY!!! Analogy: green chlorophyll plants in
hallway
Cytoskeleton Function: gives cell structure to
maintain shape and size Found: All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Your school schedule
Mitochondria Function: convert chemical
energy stored in food into compounds which cell can use for energy – MAKE ATP
Found: In All Eukaryotic Cells Analogy: Cafeteria
Multi-Cellular Organization
Groups of cells – Tissues, organs, and organ systemTissues – a group of similar cells that work together
Muscle, nervous, connective, epithelialOrgans – a group of many tissues that work
togetherLiver, heart, stomach
Organ system – a group of many organs that work together
Cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory
Multi-cellular organization
Tissue LungRespiratory System
Cells, Cells, Cells: REVIEW• Due in 15 mins: TEST
BONUS (5 points)–Write an autobiography for an
organelle in the cell. Explain why you are the coolest. Can be in the form of a rap song. Must tell me what the organelle does and an analogy of it to the school.
Best in Class… gets 10 points
I’VE GOT AN EXAMPLE
The Process of Making a Protein
The Process of Making a Protein First an RNA message must be sent from the nucleus
An RNA message travels through nuclear pores out into the cytoplasm
The RNA message encounters either a free ribosome or a ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
The ribosome “reads” the RNA message and begins to synthesize a protein according to the RNA directions
When the protein is complete, the protein then enters the endoplasmic reticulum and undergoes a process of chemical changes
The protein then exits the ER and travels to the Golgi Apparatus
Once again the protein undergoes a series of changes and is packaged for transport through or outside of the cell
MAKING CELLS: 15 pts
• You and your partner (closest birthdays) choose between the items in the tray at the front of the room and construct a Eukaryotic Cell (may be animal or plant)
• To Turn In:– Key: which labels at least 5 organelles– Definition of each organelle– Analogy of each organelle to the school
1 min
2 ATP
No Oxygen Present
Oxygen Present
Breaking down glucose….
Occurs in plants and animals
Class Jobs GlucoseClass Jobs Glucose
POD NAMES - Homeostasis
• 4 Elements
• Group DNA
• H20
• Ladies of Bio
POD NAMES - Photosynthesis
• Needs to form
• Do two labs with them
POD – CELL RESP
• Miraculous Molecules– Chanetta, Michael, Sharnequia, Ree
• Biology 226– Brittney, Shakia
• Oxygen– Alissa, Priscilla, Lloyd, Derrick
• Champions• Levi
– Marion, Selinda, Andrea, Jody• Epiphany
POD Mitosis
Calvin 4 Carbonators Nine West Genetic Go-getters
POD Codon
POD Glucose
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